Fixed-bed reactor for desulfurization
The fixed-bed reactor design with a lower baffle and optional guide redirects high-temperature streams to prevent outlet collector damage and catalyst leakage, ensuring prolonged process operation and improved economic efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- JP2024186810
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-03
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-15
AI Technical Summary
The outlet collector in fixed-bed reactors for desulfurization is prone to high temperatures due to high-temperature coke or hot spots, leading to damage and catalyst leakage, necessitating process shutdowns.
A fixed-bed reactor design incorporating a lower baffle with specific diameter ratios and optionally an upper baffle and guide to redirect high-temperature streams, reducing surface temperatures and preventing damage.
Prevents damage to the outlet collector, prevents catalyst leakage, and extends the operation time of the hydrodesulfurization process, enhancing economic efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure 2025182660000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
[Technical Field]
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a fixed bed reactor for desulfurization. [Background technology]
[0002] Residue hydrodesulfurization (RHDS) is a desulfurization process used to reduce the sulfur content in atmospheric residue (AR) or vacuum residue (VR) obtained from an atmospheric distillation unit (CDU) or vacuum distillation unit (VDU). Residue hydrodesulfurization applies high pressure and temperature in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst to promote the decomposition of sulfur compounds in the residue. Therefore, products that have undergone this process emit significantly less sulfur oxides when combusted.
[0003] In the residual oil hydrodesulfurization process, an outlet collector is installed at the bottom of the fixed-bed reactor. The outlet collector can support the catalyst bed. The outlet collector can also contain a mesh screen or other filtering mechanism to filter out impurities. This captures unreacted or shed solid particles from the catalyst bed and prevents them from being discharged from the reactor with the product stream.
[0004] In the residual oil hydrodesulfurization process, depending on the input feed conditions, high-temperature coke or hot spots may frequently occur in the catalyst layer of the fixed-bed reactor during operation. This may expose the outlet collector to high temperatures, causing damage to the outlet collector surface. If damage to the outlet collector surface accumulates and causes the outlet collector to break, catalyst leaks downstream of the reactor, necessitating a shutdown of the process.
[0005] Therefore, there is a need for technological development that prevents the outlet collector from being exposed to high temperatures even if high-temperature coke or hot spots occur in the catalyst layer of a fixed-bed reactor in the residual oil hydrodesulfurization process. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]
[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the surface temperature of an outlet collector located at the bottom of a fixed-bed reactor for desulfurization can be reduced. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, damage to an outlet collector in a fixed bed reactor for desulfurization can be prevented.
[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to prevent the catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor for desulfurization from leaking downstream of the reactor. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, sudden shutdown of the residue hydrodesulfurization process can be prevented. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the residual oil hydrodesulfurization process can be operated for a longer period of time, thereby improving the economic efficiency of the process. [Means for solving the problem]
[0008] The present disclosure provides a fixed-bed reactor for desulfurization, comprising: an outlet collector located at a lower end of the fixed-bed reactor; and a lower baffle formed above the outlet collector and spaced apart. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the lower baffle may be formed with an area larger than an upper area of the outlet collector.
[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed bed reactor may satisfy the following formula 1:
[0010] [Formula 1] 0.5 <D2 / D1<2 (In the above formula 1, D1 and D2 are the diameter of the outlet collector and the diameter of the lower baffle, respectively.)
[0011] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed bed reactor may satisfy the following formula 2:
[0012] [Formula 2] 0.1 <D2 / D3<0.9 (In the above formula 2, D2 and D3 are the diameter of the lower baffle and the diameter of the fixed-bed reactor, respectively.)
[0013] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed-bed reactor may further include an upper baffle formed above the lower baffle at a distance. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the lower baffle may be formed with an area larger than that of the upper baffle.
[0014] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed bed reactor may satisfy the following formula 3:
[0015] [Formula 3] 0.2 <D4 / D2<1 (In the above formula 3, D2 and D4 are the diameters of the lower baffle and the upper baffle, respectively.)
[0016] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed-bed reactor may further include a guide formed on the side or upper side of the outlet collector. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the guide may include an opening located between the lower baffle and the outlet collector.
[0017] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the guide may have a shape in which the diameter increases in a downward direction from the opening. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed bed may include a desulfurization catalyst.
[0018] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the desulfurization catalyst may include a catalyst in which a molybdenum-based metal or a metal including any one or more selected from nickel, cobalt, and tungsten and a molybdenum-based metal are supported on a support.
[0019] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the support may comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, silica-alumina, titanium oxide, molecular sieve, zirconia, aluminum phosphate, carbon, and niobia. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the outlet collector may include a mesh. [Effects of the Invention]
[0020] A fixed-bed reactor for desulfurization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may reduce the surface temperature of an outlet collector located at a lower portion of the fixed-bed reactor for desulfurization.
[0021] A fixed bed reactor for desulfurization according to another embodiment of the present disclosure can prevent damage to an outlet collector in the fixed bed reactor. The fixed-bed reactor for desulfurization according to one embodiment of the present disclosure can prevent the catalyst in the fixed-bed reactor from leaking downstream of the reactor.
[0022] The fixed bed reactor for desulfurization according to another embodiment of the present disclosure can prevent sudden shutdown of the resid hydrodesulfurization process. The fixed bed reactor for desulfurization according to one embodiment of the present disclosure allows the resid hydrodesulfurization process to operate for a longer period of time, thereby improving the economics of the process. [Brief explanation of the drawings]
[0023] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed-bed reactor according to Example 1 of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed-bed reactor according to Example 2 of the present disclosure. [Figure 3]FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed-bed reactor according to Example 3 of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fixed-bed reactor according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed-bed reactor according to Example 4 of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fixed-bed reactor according to Example 4 of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed-bed reactor according to Example 5 of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fixed-bed reactor according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed-bed reactor according to Example 6 of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed-bed reactor according to Example 7 of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fixed-bed reactor according to Example 7 of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed-bed reactor according to Example 8 of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a fixed-bed reactor according to Example 8 of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed-bed reactor according to Example 9 of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0024] The advantages and features of the present disclosure, as well as methods for achieving them, will become apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, and may be realized in various different forms. The present embodiments are provided solely for the purpose of making this disclosure complete and fully conveying the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. The present disclosure is defined only by the scope of the claims.
[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein may have the meaning commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. As used herein, the singular forms of terms may be construed as including the plural forms unless otherwise indicated.
[0026] Numerical ranges used herein include lower and upper limits, all values within the range, increments logically derived from the shape and width of the defined range, all values limited therein, and all possible combinations of upper and lower limits of numerical ranges limited in different ways. Unless otherwise specified in the specification of this disclosure, values outside the numerical ranges that may occur due to experimental error or rounding of values are also included in the defined numerical ranges.
[0027] As used herein, "comprising" is an open-ended term having the same meaning as terms such as "comprising," "containing," "having," "characterized," etc., and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements, materials, or steps.
[0028] In this specification, the unit of % used without any particular mention means % by weight unless otherwise defined. In this specification, "A to B" means "A or more and B or less" unless otherwise specified.
[0029] The term "residue" in this disclosure may refer to the oil fraction with a boiling point of 300°C or higher remaining after low-boiling materials such as light oil and gas are separated from an atmospheric distillation unit (CDU) or a vacuum distillation unit (VDU).
[0030] In the present disclosure, the term "heavy oil" may refer to an oil having an API degree (American Petroleum Institute Gravity) of 30 degrees or less.
[0031] The fixed bed reactor of the present disclosure is described in detail below, but this is for illustrative purposes only and the present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments illustratively described.
[0032] The present disclosure provides a fixed-bed reactor for desulfurization, comprising: an outlet collector located at a lower end of the fixed-bed reactor; and a lower baffle formed above the outlet collector and spaced apart.
[0033] In one embodiment of the fixed-bed reactor of the present disclosure, a lower baffle is formed on the upper part of the outlet collector located at the lower end of the fixed-bed reactor, which prevents a high-temperature stream from directly falling due to a hot spot and increases the time for heat exchange with a low-temperature stream, thereby reducing the surface temperature of the outlet collector.
[0034] In addition, the formation of a lower baffle on the upper part of the outlet collector prevents damage to the outlet collector. Furthermore, it also prevents the catalyst in the fixed-bed reactor from leaking downstream of the reactor. This prevents sudden shutdown of the hydrodesulfurization process, improving the stability of process operation. Furthermore, it allows the hydrodesulfurization process to be operated for a longer period of time, improving the economic efficiency of the process.
[0035] 1, the present disclosure relates to a fixed-bed reactor 1 for desulfurization, and may provide the fixed-bed reactor 1 including an outlet collector 2 located at a lower end of the fixed-bed reactor 1 and a lower baffle 3 formed above the outlet collector and spaced apart. A fixed bed 8 containing a catalyst may be located above the lower baffle 3.
[0036] The lower baffle may be supported by supports extending from the outlet collector, including, but not limited to, 2 or more, 4 or more, 8 or more, 10 or less, 6 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, or any value therebetween.
[0037] The fixed bed reactor for desulfurization may be for desulfurization of heavy oil or residual oil, but is not limited thereto, and may be used for desulfurization of general oils.
[0038] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the lower baffle may be formed with an area larger than the upper area of the outlet collector. When the lower baffle is formed with an area larger than the upper area of the outlet collector, the lower baffle can cover the entire upper area of the outlet collector. Therefore, the surface temperature of the outlet collector can be reduced by preventing a high-temperature stream from a hot spot from directly coming into contact with the outlet collector.
[0039] 2 and 9, an outlet collector 2 may be located at the lower end of the fixed-bed reactor 1. A lower baffle 3 may be formed at a distance above the outlet collector 2. A fixed bed 8 containing a catalyst may be located above the lower baffle 3. The lower baffle 3 may have an area larger than the area of the upper part of the outlet collector 2.
[0040] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed bed reactor may satisfy the following formula 1:
[0041] [Formula 1] 0.5 <D2 / D1<2 (In the above formula 1, D1 and D2 are the diameter of the outlet collector and the diameter of the lower baffle, respectively.)
[0042] Specifically, the formula 1 may be 1 < D2 / D1 < 2 or 1.5 < D2 / D1 < 2, but is not limited thereto. When the formula 1 satisfies the above range, the temperature of the outlet collector can be efficiently reduced.
[0043] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed bed reactor may satisfy the following formula 2.
[0044] [Formula 2] 0.1 < D2 / D3 < 0.9 (In the formula 2, D2 and D3 are the diameters of the lower baffle and the fixed bed reactor, respectively.)
[0045] Specifically, the formula 1 may be 0.2 < D2 / D3 < 0.9 or 0.4 < D2 / D3 < 0.9, but is not limited thereto. When the formula 2 satisfies the above range, the temperature of the outlet collector can be efficiently reduced.
[0046] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed bed reactor may further include a guide formed on a side portion or an upper side portion of the outlet collector. Further, the guide may include an open portion located between the lower baffle and the outlet collector.
[0047] When the fixed bed reactor includes the guide including the open portion, heat exchange between a high-temperature stream from a hot spot and a relatively low-temperature stream can be smoothly performed. Therefore, the temperature of the outlet collector can be efficiently reduced.
[0048] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the guide may have a shape in which the diameter becomes wider as it goes upward from the open portion. Further, the guide may be fixed to the fixed bed reactor wall. Of course, the guide may be provided inclined with respect to the ground. When the guide is provided in the fixed bed reactor, the temperature of the outlet collector can be reduced.
[0049] 3 and 4, an outlet collector 2 may be located at the lower end of the fixed-bed reactor 1. A lower baffle 3 may be formed and spaced apart from the upper portion of the outlet collector 2. A fixed bed 8 containing a catalyst may be located above the lower baffle 3. The lower baffle 3 may have an area larger than the upper area of the outlet collector 2. The fixed-bed reactor may further include a guide 6 formed on a side or upper portion of the outlet collector 2. The guide may also include an opening 7 located between the lower baffle and the outlet collector. The guide 6 may be shaped so that its diameter increases upward from the opening 7.
[0050] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the guide may be provided at an inclination of 5 to 45 degrees or 10 to 30 degrees with respect to the ground, but is not limited thereto. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the guide may be formed horizontally from the opening. Alternatively, the guide may be fixed to the wall of the fixed-bed reactor. Of course, the guide may be provided horizontally relative to the ground. When the guide is provided in the fixed-bed reactor, the temperature of the outlet collector can be reduced.
[0051] 5 and 6, an outlet collector 2 may be located at the lower end of the fixed-bed reactor 1. A lower baffle 3 may be formed at a distance from the upper portion of the outlet collector 2. A fixed bed 8 containing a catalyst may be located above the lower baffle 3. The lower baffle 3 may be formed with an area larger than the upper area of the outlet collector 2. The fixed-bed reactor may further include a guide 6 formed on a side or upper portion of the outlet collector 2. The guide may also include an opening 7 located between the lower baffle and the outlet collector. The guide 6 may be formed in a horizontal direction from the opening 7.
[0052] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the guide may have a shape in which the diameter increases downward from the open portion. The guide may also be fixed to the wall of the fixed-bed reactor. The guide may also be provided at an incline with respect to the ground. When the guide is provided in the fixed-bed reactor, the temperature of the outlet collector can be reduced.
[0053] 7 and 8, an outlet collector 2 may be located at the lower end of the fixed-bed reactor 1. A lower baffle 3 may be formed at a distance from the upper portion of the outlet collector 2. A fixed bed 8 containing a catalyst may be located above the lower baffle 3. The lower baffle 3 may be formed with an area larger than the upper area of the outlet collector 2. The fixed-bed reactor may further include a guide 6 formed on a side or upper portion of the outlet collector 2. The guide may also include an opening 7 located between the lower baffle and the outlet collector. The guide 6 may be shaped so that its diameter increases downward from the opening 7.
[0054] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the guide may be provided at an inclination of 5 to 45 degrees or 10 to 35 degrees with respect to the ground, but is not limited thereto. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed-bed reactor may further include, but is not limited to, a bottom baffle formed below the lower baffle at a distance. By forming the bottom baffle at a distance below the lower baffle, the temperature of the outlet collector can be more efficiently reduced. The bottom baffle may be supported by a support connected to the center of the bottom baffle. The bottom baffle may be supported by a support extending from the outlet collector.
[0055] 10 and 11, an outlet collector 2 may be located at the lower end of the fixed-bed reactor 1. A lower baffle 3 may be formed and spaced apart above the outlet collector 2. A fixed bed 8 containing a catalyst may be located above the lower baffle 3. The lower baffle 3 may be formed with an area larger than the area of the upper part of the outlet collector 2. The fixed-bed reactor may further include a bottommost baffle 5 formed and spaced apart below the lower baffle.
[0056] The lowermost baffle may have an area smaller than that of the lower baffle, but is not limited thereto. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed-bed reactor may further include, but is not limited to, an upper baffle formed above the lower baffle at a distance. By forming the upper baffle above the lower baffle, the temperature of the outlet collector can be more efficiently reduced. The upper baffle may be supported by, but is not limited to, a support connected to the center of the lower baffle.
[0057] 12 and 13, an outlet collector 2 may be located at the lower end of the fixed-bed reactor 1. A lower baffle 3 may be formed and spaced apart above the outlet collector 2. A fixed bed 8 containing a catalyst may be located above the lower baffle 3. The lower baffle 3 may be formed with an area larger than the area of the upper part of the outlet collector 2. The fixed-bed reactor may further include an upper baffle 4 formed and spaced apart above the lower baffle. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the lower baffle may be formed with an area larger than that of the upper baffle.
[0058] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed-bed reactor may satisfy the following formula 3:
[0059] [Formula 3] 0.2 <D4 / D2<1 (In Formula 3 above, D2 and D4 are the diameter of the lower baffle and the diameter of the upper baffle, respectively.)
[0060] Specifically, Formula 3 may be 0.4 < D4 / D2 < 1 or 0.6 < D4 / D2 < 1, but is not limited thereto. When the fixed-bed reactor satisfies Formula 3, the temperature of the outlet collector can be efficiently reduced.)
[0061] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed-bed reactor may further include an upper baffle formed spaced above the lower baffle and a guide formed on a side portion or an upper side portion of the outlet collector. The guide may include an open portion located between the lower baffle and the outlet collector. The guide may have a shape in which the diameter widens upward from the open portion, a shape formed horizontally from the open portion, or a shape in which the diameter widens downward from the open portion. By including all of the upper baffle, the lower baffle, and the guide in the fixed-bed reactor, the surface temperature of the outlet collector can be maintained low.)
[0062] Referring to FIG. 14, an outlet collector 2 may be located at the lower end of the fixed-bed reactor 1. A lower baffle 3 may be formed spaced above the outlet collector 2. A fixed bed 8 containing a catalyst may be located above the lower baffle 3. The lower baffle 3 may be formed with an area larger than the upper area of the outlet collector 2. The fixed-bed reactor may further include a guide 6 formed on a side portion or an upper side portion of the outlet collector 2. Further, the guide may include an open portion located between the lower baffle and the outlet collector. The guide 6 may be formed in a shape in which the diameter widens downward from the open portion. The fixed-bed reactor may further include an upper baffle 4 formed spaced above the lower baffle.)
[0063] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed bed may include, but is not limited to, a desulfurization catalyst. The fixed bed may include a single type of catalyst. Alternatively, the fixed bed may include a mixture of at least two different catalysts. Furthermore, the fixed bed may include a first catalyst layer and a second catalyst layer containing a catalyst different from the first catalyst layer. The fixed bed may further include, but is not limited to, a third catalyst layer.
[0064] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the desulfurization catalyst may include, but is not limited to, a catalyst in which a molybdenum-based metal or a metal including any one or more selected from nickel, cobalt, and tungsten and a molybdenum-based metal are supported on a support.
[0065] In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the support may include, but is not limited to, at least one selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, silica-alumina, titanium oxide, molecular sieve, zirconia, aluminum phosphate, carbon, and niobia.
[0066] The space in the fixed-bed reactor where the catalyst is not filled may be filled with inert balls, but is not limited thereto. The inert balls may be filled in the space where the catalyst is not filled to adjust the height of the fixed bed or to maintain a constant height of the fixed bed.
[0067] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the outlet collector may include, but is not limited to, a mesh. The mesh may serve to filter impurities, thereby capturing unreacted solid particles or solid particles that have fallen off the catalyst layer and preventing them from being discharged from the reactor along with the product stream.
[0068] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be further described with reference to specific experimental examples. The examples and comparative examples included in the experimental examples are merely illustrative of the present disclosure and do not limit the scope of the appended claims. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications to the examples are possible within the scope and technical spirit of the present disclosure, and it is natural that such changes and modifications also fall within the scope of the appended claims.
[0069] [Example 1] The fixed bed reactor measured 4.4 m in diameter, 11.4 m in total height, and 7 m in height from the bottom tangent line to the top tangent line. The nickel and cobalt catalyst supported on alumina in the fixed-bed reactor was packed to a height of 6.25 m. The upper and lower spaces of the catalyst bed that were not packed with catalyst were filled with inert balls.
[0070] An outlet collector containing a mesh was located at the bottom of the fixed-bed reactor. The diameter of the outlet collector was measured to be 1.45 m. A lower baffle was formed 0.4 m above the top of the outlet collector. The lower baffle was disc-shaped, with a diameter of 0.8 m and a thickness of 0.005 m. A detailed diagram is shown in Figure 1.
[0071] 25,000 kg / hr of atmospheric residue (AR) was fed into a fixed-bed reactor. 5,000 kg / hr of hydrogen was also fed into the fixed-bed reactor. The fixed-bed reactor was operated under temperature and pressure conditions of 350°C and 150 bar.
[0072] The surface temperature of the outlet collector was measured through a thermocouple attached to the center of the top end of the outlet collector. The measured surface temperature of the outlet collector is shown in Table 1 below.
[0073] [Example 2] The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the diameter of the lower baffle disc was 1.6 m. A detailed diagram is shown in Figure 2. The measured surface temperature of the outlet collector is shown in Table 1 below.
[0074] [Example 3] The same conditions as in Example 2 were used, except that the fixed-bed reactor included a guide formed on the upper side of the outlet collector. The guide had an opening with a diameter of 1.5 m located between the lower baffle and the outlet collector, and was shaped so that its diameter increased upward from the opening. The guide was fixed to the wall of the fixed-bed reactor 0.6 m above the top of the outlet collector and was inclined at 20° with respect to the ground. Detailed views are shown in Figures 3 and 4. The measured surface temperature of the outlet collector is shown in Table 1 below.
[0075] [Example 4] The same conditions as in Example 2 were used, except that the fixed-bed reactor included a guide formed on the upper side of the outlet collector. The guide was formed with an opening with a diameter of 1.5 m located between the lower baffle and the outlet collector. The guide was fixed to the wall of the fixed-bed reactor 0.2 m above the top end of the outlet collector and formed horizontally from the opening. Detailed views are shown in Figures 5 and 6. The measured surface temperature of the outlet collector is shown in Table 1 below.
[0076] [Example 5] The same conditions as in Example 2 were used, except that the fixed-bed reactor included a guide formed on the side of the outlet collector. The guide had an opening with a diameter of 1.5 m located between the lower baffle and the outlet collector, and was shaped so that its diameter increased downward from the opening. The guide was fixed to the wall of the fixed-bed reactor 0.2 m below the top of the outlet collector and was inclined at 30° with respect to the ground. Detailed views are shown in Figures 7 and 8. The measured surface temperature of the outlet collector is shown in Table 1 below.
[0077] [Example 6] The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the diameter of the lower baffle disc was 2.4 m. A detailed diagram is shown in Figure 9. The measured surface temperature of the outlet collector is shown in Table 1 below.
[0078] [Example 7] The same conditions as in Example 7 were used, except that the fixed-bed reactor further included a circular bottom baffle with a diameter of 1.3 m, which was formed below the lower baffle at a distance of 0.2 m. Details are shown in Figures 10 and 11. The measured surface temperature of the outlet collector is shown in Table 1 below.
[0079] [Example 8] The same conditions as in Example 7 were used, except that the fixed-bed reactor further included an upper baffle, which was circular and had a diameter of 1.3 m, and was spaced 0.2 m above the lower baffle. Details are shown in Figures 12 and 13. The measured surface temperature of the outlet collector is shown in Table 1 below.
[0080] [Example 9] The same conditions as in Example 8 were used, except that the fixed-bed reactor included a guide formed on the side of the outlet collector. The guide had an opening with a diameter of 1.5 m located between the lower baffle and the outlet collector, and was shaped so that its diameter increased downward from the opening. The guide was fixed to the wall of the fixed-bed reactor 0.2 m below the top of the outlet collector and was inclined at 30° with respect to the ground. A detailed diagram is shown in Figure 14. The measured surface temperature of the outlet collector is shown in Table 1 below.
[0081] [Comparative Example 1] The same conditions as in Example 1 were used except that the fixed-bed reactor was not provided with a lower baffle. The measured surface temperature of the outlet collector is shown in Table 1 below.
[0082] [Table 1]
[0083] In Comparative Example 1, in which the fixed-bed reactor was not provided with a lower baffle, the surface temperature of the outlet collector was measured to be 1062°C. In Example 1, in which the lower baffle was provided with a diameter of 0.8 m, the surface temperature of the outlet collector was measured to be 991°C, and it was confirmed that the surface temperature of the outlet collector was lower than that of Comparative Example 1.
[0084] In Example 2, in which the lower baffle was provided with a diameter of 1.6 m and had an area larger than the upper area of the outlet collector, the surface temperature of the outlet collector was measured to be 893°C.
[0085] In Example 3, in which the diameter of the lower baffle was 1.6 m and a guide was provided with a shape in which the diameter increased from the open part toward the upper part, the surface temperature of the outlet collector was measured to be 802°C.
[0086] In Example 4, in which the diameter of the lower baffle was 1.6 m and a guide was provided horizontally from the open section, the surface temperature of the outlet collector was measured to be 790°C.
[0087] In Example 5, in which the diameter of the lower baffle was 1.6 m and a guide was provided with a shape in which the diameter increased downward from the open end, the surface temperature of the outlet collector was measured at 772°C. In other words, this example showed the highest surface temperature of the outlet collector among the examples in which the diameter of the lower baffle was 1.6 m.
[0088] In Example 6, in which the diameter of the lower baffle was 2.4 m, the surface temperature of the outlet collector was measured to be 845°C, which confirmed that the surface temperature of the outlet collector was even lower than in Example 2, in which a lower baffle with a diameter of 1.6 m was installed.
[0089] In Example 7, which had a lower baffle diameter of 2.4 m and included a lower baffle and a bottommost baffle, the surface temperature of the outlet collector was measured at 793°C. In Example 8, which included an upper baffle and a lower baffle with a lower baffle diameter of 2.4 m, the surface temperature of the outlet collector was measured at 760°C.
[0090] In Example 9, which included a guide with a diameter of 2.4 m for the lower baffle, an upper baffle, and a lower baffle, and which had a shape in which the diameter increased from the open portion downward, the surface temperature of the outlet collector was measured to be 742°C, which was confirmed to be the lowest surface temperature of the outlet collector.
[0091] The above-described contents are merely examples of applications of the principles of the present disclosure, and other configurations may also be included without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. [Explanation of symbols]
[0092] 1 Fixed bed reactor 2. Exit Collector 3 Lower Baffle 4 Upper baffle 5 Bottom baffle 6 Guide 7 Open area 8 fixed layer
Claims
1. A fixed bed reactor for desulfurization, comprising: an outlet collector located at a lower end of the fixed-bed reactor; a lower baffle formed in a spaced relation above the outlet collector; A fixed bed reactor comprising:
2. 2. The fixed bed reactor of claim 1, wherein the lower baffle is formed with an area greater than an upper area of the outlet collector.
3. The fixed-bed reactor according to claim 1, wherein the fixed-bed reactor satisfies the following formula 1: [Formula 1] 0.5<D ２ / D １ <2 (In the above formula 1, D １ and D ２ are the diameter of the outlet collector and the diameter of the lower baffle, respectively.)
4. The fixed-bed reactor according to claim 1, wherein the fixed-bed reactor satisfies the following formula 2: [Formula 2] 0.1<D ２ / D ３ <0.9 (In the above formula 2, D ２ and D ３ are the diameter of the lower baffle and the diameter of the fixed-bed reactor, respectively.)
5. 10. The fixed-bed reactor of claim 1, further comprising an upper baffle formed above the lower baffle and spaced apart from each other.
6. 6. The fixed-bed reactor according to claim 5, wherein the lower baffle is formed with an area larger than that of the upper baffle.
7. The fixed-bed reactor according to claim 6, wherein the fixed-bed reactor satisfies the following formula 3: [Formula 3] 0.2<D ４ / D ２ <1 (In the above formula 3, D ２ and D ４ are the diameters of the lower and upper baffles, respectively.)
8. 10. The fixed-bed reactor of claim 1, further comprising a guide formed on a side or upper side of the outlet collector.
9. 9. The fixed bed reactor of claim 8, wherein the guide includes an opening located between the lower baffle and the outlet collector.
10. 10. The fixed-bed reactor according to claim 9, wherein the guide has a shape in which the diameter increases downward from the open portion.
11. 10. The fixed bed reactor of claim 1, wherein the fixed bed comprises a desulfurization catalyst.
12. 12. The fixed-bed reactor according to claim 11, wherein the desulfurization catalyst comprises a catalyst in which a molybdenum-based metal or a metal including any one or more selected from nickel, cobalt, and tungsten and a molybdenum-based metal are supported on a support.
13. 13. The fixed bed reactor of claim 12, wherein the support comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, silica-alumina, titanium oxide, molecular sieve, zirconia, aluminum phosphate, carbon, and niobia.
14. 10. The fixed bed reactor of claim 1, wherein the outlet collector comprises a mesh.