904results about "Chemical/physical/physico-chemical reactor details" patented technology

A pressure vessel for processing at least one material in a supercritical fluid. The pressure vessel includes a self-pressurizing capsule for containing at least one material and the supercritical fluid in a substantially air-free environment, a pressure transmission medium surrounding the capsule for maintaining an outer pressure on the capsule, at least one heating element insertable in the pressure transmission medium such that the heating element surrounds the capsule, a temperature measurement means for measuring a temperature of the capsule, a temperature controller for controlling the temperature and providing power to the heating element, a restraint to contain and hold in place the capsule, the pressure transmission medium, and the heating element, and at least one seal between the restraint and the pressure transmission medium for preventing escape of the pressure transmission medium. Methods of using the pressure vessel, processing a material at high temperature and high pressure in the presence of a supercritical fluid within the capsule are also described.

Methods and systems for processing metal oxides from metal containing solutions. Metal containing solutions are mixed with heated aqueous oxidizing solutions and processed in a continuous process reactor or batch processing system. Combinations of temperature, pressure, molarity, Eh value, and pH value of the mixed solution are monitored and adjusted so as to maintain solution conditions within a desired stability area during processing. This results in metal oxides having high or increased pollutant loading capacities and / or oxidation states. These metal oxides may be processed according to the invention to produce co-precipitated oxides of two or more metals, metal oxides incorporating foreign cations, metal oxides precipitated on active and inactive substrates, or combinations of any or all of these forms. Metal oxides thus produced are, amongst other uses; suitable for use as a sorbent for capturing or removing target pollutants from industrial gas streams or drinking water or aqueous streams or for personal protective respirators.

Described herein is a highly heat integrated steam reformer / combustor assembly that can be used in a fuel processor for hydrogen production from a fuel source. The assembly comprises a reforming section and a combustion section separated by a wall. Catalyst able to induce the reforming reactions is coated on the wall facing the reforming section. Catalyst able to induce the combustion reactions is coated on the wall facing the combustion section. A steam and fuel mixture is supplied to the reforming section where it is reformed to product hydrogen. A fuel and air mixture is supplied to the combustion section where it is combusted to supply the heat for the reformer. Catalytic combustion takes place on the combustion catalyst coated on one side of the wall while catalytic reforming takes place on the reforming catalyst coated on the other side of the wall. Heat transfer is very facile and efficient across the wall. Multiple such assemblies can be bundled to form reactors of any size.

The present invention relates to novel microporous zirconium silicate compositions that are formulated to remove toxins, e.g. potassium ions, from the gastrointestinal tract at an elevated rate without causing undesirable side effects. The preferred formulations are designed avoid increase in pH of urine in patients and / or avoid potential entry of particles into the bloodstream of the patient. Also disclosed is a method for preparing high purity crystals of UZSi-9 exhibiting an enhanced level of potassium exchange capacity. These compositions are particularly useful in the therapeutic treatment of hyperkalemia.

Systems and methods for exposing fluids and other materials that may contain biohazards to ultraviolet radiation are provided. One system for exposing a fluid includes a baffled conduit for conveying the fluid so that the fluid flow and its exposure to ultraviolet radiation is rendered more uniform. Other systems include feedback for determining when to replace light sources and filters and to ensure proper biodosimetry. Additional methods and systems for exposing fluids and other materials that may contain biohazards are also provided.

A heat exchange module for use in a chemical, pharmaceutical or biological reactor system can include a body configured to be disposed in the reactor system having an inner replaceable reactant container is disclosed. The body can further include at least one thermally conductive surface adapted to contact the inner replaceable reactant container to facilitate heat transfer. Furthermore, the heat exchange module can include a heat exchanger disposed within the module body and can include a fluid circulation path through which a heat exchange fluid can be circulated.

A heat exchange reactor including a housing, a plurality of tubes mounted in the housing and configured to carry a first fluid, and a baffle having a plurality of holes receiving the tubes. The baffle is configured to guide a second fluid provided within the housing to flow in a direction generally perpendicular to the tubes. The reactor includes various configurations for minimizing adverse effects of thermal expansion of the baffle and the tubes. The reactor is configured to minimize mechanical interference between the baffle and the tubes in both an operational state and a non-operational state, for example, by shaping the holes in the baffle to take into account thermal expansion. The reactor also includes a thermal insulator along a length of the tubes at a large temperature gradient zone within the reactor. The reactor further includes a heat transfer fin in contact with only one of the tubes.

A heat exchange reactor including a housing, a plurality of tubes mounted in the housing and configured to carry a first fluid, and a baffle having a plurality of holes receiving the tubes. The baffle is configured to guide a second fluid provided within the housing to flow in a direction generally perpendicular to the tubes. The reactor includes various configurations for minimizing adverse effects of thermal expansion of the baffle and the tubes. The reactor is configured to minimize mechanical interference between the baffle and the tubes in both an operational state and a non-operational state, for example, by shaping the holes in the baffle to take into account thermal expansion. The reactor also includes a thermal insulator along a length of the tubes at a large temperature gradient zone within the reactor. The reactor further includes a heat transfer fin in contact with only one of the tubes.

Ultraviolet reactors having an ultraviolet light source for treating a fluid are disclosed. In one embodiment, a reactor is disclosed which includes a vessel having an inlet for receiving fluid and an outlet for discharging fluid. The vessel further includes a plurality of segmented baffles. The baffles further include a partial circumferential edge section that terminates in a vertical edge section to form right and left segmented baffles. The left and right segmented baffles are arranged in an alternating pattern in the vessel to provide plug flow and enhanced radial mixing.

Deep desulfurization of hydrocarbon feeds containing undesired organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds to produce a hydrocarbon product having low levels of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds, is achieved by first subjecting the entire feed to an extraction zone to separate an aromatic-rich fraction containing a substantial amount of the refractory organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds and an aromatic-lean fraction containing a substantial amount of the labile organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds. The aromatic-lean fraction is contacted with a hydrotreating catalyst in a hydrotreating reaction zone operating under mild conditions to convert the labile organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds. The aromatic-rich fraction is oxidized to convert the refractory organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds to oxidized organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds. These oxidized organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds are subsequently removed, producing a stream containing reduced levels of organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds.

A butanol production system and method of producing refined mixed butanols from water and mixed butenes. The system includes an internal baffle single pass reactor, a separation system and an exterior motion driver. The reactor has baffled cells. The separations system is operable to separately selectively separate water and mixed butenes from the crude product such that a refined mixed butanols is produced. The exterior motion driver is operable to induce unsteadiness in the fluid flow of the process fluid through the reactor. A method for producing refined mixed butanols includes introducing mixed butenes, water and a butene hydration catalyst into the reactor, operating the butanol production system such that the external motion driver induces unsteadiness in the process fluid flow and the reaction of mixed butenes and water occurs in the presence of the butene hydration catalyst such that mixed butanols form.

The present invention provides an apparatus and method for optimizing the degree of backmixing within a gas agitated multiphase reactor at a given gas linear velocity. The embodiments of the present invention involve novel configurations of the multiphase reactor internal structures. In general, the configurations comprise creating a dense area of internal structures in the central region and / or wall regions of the multiphase reactor.

The present invention provides adiabatic plug flow reactors suitable for the production of chlorinated and / or fluorinated propene and higher alkenes from the reaction of chlorinated and / or fluorinated alkanes and chlorinated and / or fluorinated alkenes. The reactors comprise one or more designs that minimize the production of by-products at a desired conversion.

An ultrasonic mixing system having a treatment chamber in which at least two separate phases can be mixed to prepare an emulsion is disclosed. Specifically, at least one phase is a dispersed phase and one phase in a continuous phase. The treatment chamber has an elongate housing through which the phases flow longitudinally from a first inlet port and a second inlet port, respectively, to an outlet port thereof. An elongate ultrasonic waveguide assembly extends within the housing and is operable at a predetermined ultrasonic frequency to ultrasonically energize the phases within the housing. An elongate ultrasonic horn of the waveguide assembly is disposed at least in part intermediate the inlet and outlet ports, and has a plurality of discrete agitating members in contact with and extending transversely outward from the horn intermediate the inlet and outlet ports in longitudinally spaced relationship with each other. The horn and agitating members are constructed and arranged for dynamic motion of the agitating members relative to the horn at the predetermined frequency and to operate in an ultrasonic cavitation mode of the agitating members corresponding to the predetermined frequency and the phases being mixed in the chamber.

Process for reclaiming useful products from a waste oil, comprising a thermal separation step performed in a vessel at conditions, of temperature and pressure, allowing to substantially avoid cracking of the waste oil and to assure the separation of said heated waste oil into a first heavy oil fraction and into a second light oil fraction having, in comparison with the waste oil, a low content in solids and / or in other contaminants that are different from water and from inert gas. The process is further characterized in that while, during the thermal separation treatment, the waste oil is heated to a temperature about the boiling temperature of the heavy oil fraction, and below the cracking temperature of the waste oil, and at a pressure that is preferably below the atmospheric pressure, the heavy oil fraction of the vapours existing the vessel, in contact with a cooler surface, condenses and falls back into the vessel, while the second fraction, in a gaseous state, is eventually submitted to at least one further separation treatment. When water is present in the waste oil, said water is used to improve the amount of recovered light oils; and / or when no water is present in the waste oil, water or at least one inert gas or at least one component that may become an inert gas by heating may be added to the waste oil or to the thermal separation unit. Uses of the process for environmental applications and for treating used oils and to prepare oil products. Systems for reclaiming useful products from waste oils comprising at least one rotating kiln and at least one self-refluxing condenser and / or at least one dephlegmator.

An ultrasonic mixing system having a treatment chamber in which at least two separate phases can be mixed to prepare an emulsion is disclosed. The treatment chamber has an elongate housing through which the phases flow longitudinally from a first inlet port and a second inlet port, respectively, to an outlet port thereof. An elongate ultrasonic waveguide assembly extends within the housing and is operable at a predetermined ultrasonic frequency to ultrasonically energize the phases within the housing. An elongate ultrasonic horn of the waveguide assembly is disposed at least in part intermediate the inlet and outlet ports, and has a plurality of discrete agitating members in contact with and extending transversely outward from the horn intermediate the inlet and outlet ports in longitudinally spaced relationship with each other.

An ultraviolet reactor for treating a fluid. The reactor includes a vessel having an inlet for receiving fluid and an outlet for discharging fluid. The reactor further includes an ultraviolet light source and baffle plates. The baffle plates include holes arranged in a predetermined pattern for providing plug flow in areas in the reactor near the ultraviolet light source.

A butanol production system and method for producing refined mixed butanols includes an internal baffle single pass reactor having an internal fluid conduit defined by an internal wall. The internal fluid conduit contains a process fluid comprising water, mixed butenes and mixed butanols, to form a crude product. Internal flow baffles are located along a length of the internal fluid conduit. Baffled cells are defined at an outer diameter by the internal wall and at ends by the internal flow baffles. A separation system separates water and mixed butenes from the crude product to produce refined mixed butanols. An oscillator assembly is coupled to the internal baffle single pass reactor and has a reciprocating oscillator head selectively movable in a back and forth linear motion, and in communication with the process fluid such that the process fluid undergoes a general sinusoidal movement along the internal baffle single pass reactor.

A system and method for fuel reforming in which at least a portion of the exhaust gases from a combustion process, such as an industrial furnace, is mixed with a fuel, such as natural gas, and the mixture is introduced into a first stage heat exchange vessel in which the fuel is reformed. The reformed fuel is then returned to the combustion process for burning. In accordance with one embodiment, primary combustion oxidant is introduced into a second stage heat exchange vessel in which it is heated by a portion of the exhaust gas exiting the first stage heat exchange vessel. The heated oxidant is then introduced into the combustion process for burning of the fuel(s) therein.

An ethylene oligomerization system is useful for creating 1-butene from ethylene in the presence of an ethylene oligomerization catalyst. The ethylene oligomerization system includes an internal baffle single pass reactor, a separation system and an exterior motion driver. The exterior motion driver is operable to induce unsteadiness in the flow of the process fluid contained in the internal baffle single pass reactor by transferring motion into the process fluid. An ethylene oligomerization process is useful for creating a refined 1-butene product from ethylene using the ethylene oligomerization system.

Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economical techniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high-temperature oxidation process.

The present invention relates to novel microporous zirconium silicate compositions that are formulated to remove toxins, e.g. potassium ions, from the gastrointestinal tract at an elevated rate without causing undesirable side effects. The preferred formulations are designed avoid increase in pH of urine in patients and / or avoid potential entry of particles into the bloodstream of the patient. Also disclosed is a method for preparing high purity crystals of ZS-9 exhibiting an enhanced level of potassium exchange capacity. These compositions are particularly useful in the therapeutic treatment of hyperkalemia.

The present invention is directed to a multi-compartment autoclave using inter-compartment dividers having one or more underflow openings for passing a feed stream between compartments.

A cracking tube (50) for use in thermal cracking furnaces for producing ethylene or the like has fins (1) formed on an inner surface thereof and inclined with respect to an axis of the tube for stirring a fluid inside the tube. The fins are arranged discretely on one or a plurality of helical loci, and the tube inner surface has regions (ZB) wherein no fins are present over the entire axial length of the tube from one axial end of the tube to the other axial end thereof.

The present invention relates to the use of a high intensity, in-line rotor-stator apparatus to produce fine particles via antisolvent, reactive, salting out or rapid cooling precipitation and crystallization.

The present application relates to a method of manufacturing a tube sheet (7) and heat exchanger assembly for a pool reactor or pool condenser for use in the production of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide, wherein the method comprises manufacturing of the tube sheet (7) from a carbon steel material grade and providing said tube sheet (7) with corrosion protective layers (8, 9) of an austenitic- ferritic duplex stainless steel grade, wherein the heat exchanger comprises at least one U-shaped tube (13) of an austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel grade, the method further comprises inserting at least two sleeves (11) of an austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel grade through the tube sheet (7) such that both ends of the sleeve (11) extend in a direction away from the tube sheet (7), the method further comprises connecting the sleeves (11), at least the opposing ends thereof, to at least the protective layers (8,9) of the tube sheet (7) and finally, connecting both ends of the at least one U-shaped tube (13) to the respective sleeves (11).

A fermenter and a method of fermentation in a U-shape and / or nozzle U-loop fermenter (100) comprising a U-part having an essentially vertical down-flow part (101), an essentially vertical up-flow part (102) and a substantially horizontal connecting part (103), which connects the lower ends of the down-flow part (101) and the up-flow part (102), a top part (104) which is provided above the U-part and has a diameter which is substantially larger than the diameter of the U-part, means for creating liquid circulation in U-part of the fermenter, and one or more gas injection points (110) for the introduction and dispersion of the gas(ses) into the fermentation liquid. The pressure may be controlled differently in certain zones of the fermenter by pressure controlling devices (105, 106, 108) e.g. by increasing the pressure in certain zones of the fermenter in relation to the pressure in the other zones of the fermenter, or decreasing the pressure in a zone of the fermenter in relation to the pressure in another zone of the fermenter in relation to the pressure in another zone of the fermenter.

The present application is directed towards systems and methods for continuously reacting a combination of materials by use of an acoustic agitator and a continuous process vessel. The system can react, fluidize, mix, coat, dry, combine or segregate materials. The continuous processing system can include an acoustic agitator capable of being removably coupled to a continuous process vessel. The continuous process vessel can include a first inlet for introducing at least one process ingredient, a plurality of plates configured for directing a flow of the at least one process ingredient through the continuous process vessel and capable of transferring acoustic energy generated by the acoustic agitator into the at least one process ingredient, an outlet for discharging a product of the at least one process ingredient, and a fastener for removable coupling the continuous process vessel to the acoustic agitator.

An apparatus for alkyl oxygenate (e.g., methanol) manufacture via partial oxidation of alkane (methane) has an injectively-mixed backmixing reaction chamber in fluid communication with a tubular-flow reactor. The injectively-mixed backmixing reaction chamber induces alkyl free radicals prior to input to the tubular-flow reactor. Injective intermixing of feed streams agitates the backmixing reaction chamber. In one embodiment, a variable position bulkhead axially moves to commensurately modify the backmixing reaction chamber and tubular-flow reactor volumes. In another embodiment, the tubular-flow reactor has a variable position quenching input. Both “hairbrush” and conical input inserts facilitate turbulent injective admixing of the input feed streams in the injectively-mixed backmixing reaction chamber. A condensing scrubber is also used for treating the output stream from the reaction system.