Lighting fixtures and lighting control systems

Abstract

The device includes an LED die having a peak emission at a blue or shorter wavelength, an LED die having a peak emission at a red, orange, yellow, green, or blue-green wavelength, and a homogeneous light conversion material positioned to receive the light emitted from the LED. The light conversion material includes (i) a first phosphorescent compound having a peak emission at a green wavelength, (ii) a second phosphorescent compound having a peak emission at an orange wavelength, and (iii) a third phosphorescent compound having a peak emission at a red, orange, yellow, green, or blue-green wavelength. The device is a packaged LED device, and the relative concentrations of the phosphorescent compounds and the relative luminosity of the LED dies are selected such that the device emits white light that meets preference P1 and fidelity F3 according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present technology relates to lighting fixtures and lighting control systems. [Background technology]

[0002] Lighting fixtures (also referred to as luminaires) are primarily based on solid-state lighting elements and have an increasing amount of electronic control. This may include electronic circuitry for powering light-emitting diodes (LEDs), dimming, color control, monitoring, and operation from switches, dimmers, and lighting control systems. Today's lighting fixtures can be configured for standalone operation or can provide connection to a network for remote operation, coordinated lighting control, and / or monitoring. Efficacy, color rendering, control over white / color temperature, color tuning, monolithic and modular architectures, linear and other form factors, light distribution, and illumination uniformity have become important considerations for lighting fixture design. Practicality, appearance, and aesthetics remain the deciding factors for lighting fixtures. Traditional lighting fixture forms include, for example, suspended, recessed, recessed, wall-mounted, upright, and other forms.

[0003] Furthermore, the quantification of subjective color rendering has evolved from being based on a single criterion known as the Color Rendering Index (CRI) to multiple metrics as defined in ANSI / IES TM-30. Also known as the "IES Method for Evaluating Light Source Color Rendition," TM-30 provides three categories that specify design intents called Preference (P), Vividness (V), and Fidelity (F). The design intents specify the desired effect of color rendering in the illuminated environment. Each design intent has three priority levels. Together, the priority levels provide a metric for the color rendering of a luminaire.

[0004] Figure 1A shows the recommended specification criteria from IES TM-30 Annex E based on the design intent and the priority level based on further detailed parameters. Preference "P" can measure the quality of light. Fidelity "F" can measure how accurately the colors are reproduced compared to a standard source. Vibrance "V" can measure how saturated the colors are. The rating of these three metrics can vary from 1 to 3, for example, P1 is the most preferred preference and F3 refers to the lowest ranked recommended fidelity. The priority level can measure the balance between allowing a trade-off and increasing the possibility of meeting the design intent, which may be the desired effect of color rendering in an illuminated environment. The preference can be expressed as R, F, V ... f (Average Color Fidelity), R g (all regions), and R cs,h1 (the shift in saturation for a nominally red object). g and R cs,h1 Fidelity can be characterized by R f and R f,h1 (red fidelity).

[0005] For example, P1 is, for example, most preferably, R f ≧78, R g ≥ 95 and -1% ≤ R cs,h ≦15%. P2 can mean R f ≧74, R g ≥ 92, and -7% ≤ R cs,h 1≦19%. P3 can be R f ≧70, R g ≥ 89, and -12% ≤ R cs,h1 ≦23%. V1 can be R g ≥ 118, and R cs,h1 ≧15%. V2 can mean R g ≥ 110, and R cs,h1 ≧6%. V3 is R g ≥ 100, and R cs,h1≧0%. F1 can mean R t ≧95, F2 is R t ≥ 90 and R f,h1 ≧90. F3 can mean R t ≥ 85 and R f,h1 It can mean ≧85.

[0006] FIG. 1B shows a schematic depiction of the overlap and possible combinations of TM-30 design intents (P, V, and M) and priority levels (1, 2, and 3). Of note, some design choices may be mutually exclusive. Vertical shading represents V, shading from top left to bottom right represents P, and diagonal shading from top right to bottom left represents F. The shade of the background of each box, such as box V1, represents the value of the priority level, such that darker colors represent higher scores, such as 1. The boxes are transparent to show how the priority levels combine at different locations in the design space, e.g., the darker an area is, the better the combined priority score.

[0007] In many lighting applications, design for fidelity and preference usually takes precedence over vividness. Nevertheless, high priority in design intent is not necessarily independently achievable, for example vividness V1 and fidelity F1 are mutually exclusive. In general, in human surroundings, preference is considered most important, followed by fidelity. The adoption of TM-30 is still continuing. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0008] [Non-Patent Document 1] Miller, Naomi, “Flicker Metrics and other Quandaries”, PNNL 2019 [Non-Patent Document 2] Wood, Mike, “Flicker, stroboscopic effect, and SVM”, Figure 3, 2021 [Non-Patent Document 3] DoE Report 2019 Lighting R&D Opportunities(§3.4) Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] In general, in a first aspect, the disclosure provides a light emitting diode (LED) having a first LED die having a peak emission wavelength L1 at blue or shorter wavelengths, a second LED die having a peak emission wavelength L2 at red, orange, yellow, green, or blue-green wavelengths, and a homogenous light conversion material positioned to receive light emitted from the first LED and the second LED, the homogenous light conversion material having a peak emission wavelength L2 at green wavelengths. P1 (ii) a first phosphorescent compound having a peak emission wavelength L in an orange wavelength range; P2 and (iii) a peak emission wavelength L at a red, orange, yellow, green, or blue-green wavelength. P3 and a homogenous light conversion material including a third phosphorescent compound having a first phosphorescent compound, a second phosphorescent compound, and a third phosphorescent compound having ...

[0010] Examples of the light emitting device may include one or more of the following features and / or features of other embodiments. For example, L2 and L P3 Both may contain red wavelengths.

[0011] L2 may include red and blue-green wavelengths, and L P3may include red and blue-green wavelengths.

[0012] In operation, a lighting fixture including the light emitting device can output light having at least F2 fidelity according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering. In operation, a lighting fixture including the light emitting device can output light having at least F1 fidelity according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering.

[0013] In operation, a luminaire including the light emitting device can output 200 or more lumens per watt of input power.

[0014] The light conversion material can have multiple peak emission wavelengths between 580 nm and 650 nm.

[0015] The light emitting device can include an encapsulant material including a light conversion material, the encapsulant material encapsulating the first LED die and the second LED die at a surface of the substrate. The light emitting device can include at least a portion of an electrical circuit comprising the first LED die and the second LED die, the electrical circuit configured to provide independent control of a first amount of power delivered to the first LED die and a second amount of power delivered to the second LED die.

[0016] L1 may range from 400 nm to 500 nm. L2 may range from 600 nm to 650 nm. Alternatively, L2 may range from 500 nm to 565 nm. P1 can range from 500 nm to 550 nm. P2 can range from 550 nm to 650 nm. P3 can be in the range from 580 nm to 650 nm.

[0017] In another aspect, the disclosure features a light emitting device package comprising: a first light emitting device according to the first aspect, where the relative concentrations of the first phosphorescent compound, the second phosphorescent compound, and the third phosphorescent compound in the homogeneous light conversion material and the relative luminosity of the first LED and the second LED are further selected such that the light emitting device emits a first white light having a first correlated color temperature (CCT) during operation; and a second light emitting device according to the first aspect, where the relative concentrations of the first phosphorescent compound, the second phosphorescent compound, and the third phosphorescent compound in the homogeneous light conversion material and the relative luminosity of the first LED and the second LED are further selected such that the light emitting device emits a second white light having a second CCT during operation. The amount of the first white light and the amount of the second white light can be mixed and separately controllable such that the CCT of the mixed light can be varied between the first CCT and the second CCT.

[0018] In general, in another aspect, the disclosure features a light emitting device that includes a substrate, a first light emitting diode (LED) die having a first spectral power distribution (SPD) and a second LED die having a second SPD different from the first SPD, the first LED die and the second LED die being supported by the substrate on a first side of the substrate, the first SPD having a primary peak or dominant wavelength of 500 nm or greater, and a phosphorescent material disposed to receive light emitted from the first LED die and the second LED die, the phosphorescent material configured to convert the light received from the first LED die to light having a third SPD when the light passes through the phosphorescent material, and configured to pass light from the second LED die to light having a fourth SPD when the light passes through the phosphorescent material. The third SPD is broader than the first SPD, the second SPD, and the fourth SPD.

[0019] Example light emitting devices may include one or more of the following features and / or features of other embodiments. For example, the primary peak wavelength or dominant wavelength of the first SPD may be 550 nm or greater. The primary peak wavelength or dominant wavelength of the first SPD may be 600 nm or greater.

[0020] The light emitting device can include an encapsulant including a phosphorescent material, the encapsulant encapsulating the first LED die and the second LED die at the surface of the substrate.

[0021] The fourth SPD may be broader than the first SPD. Alternatively, the first SPD and the fourth SPD may be identical.

[0022] The primary peak wavelength or dominant wavelength color of the first SPD may be red, and the primary peak wavelength or dominant wavelength color of the second SPD may be blue, blue-green, or ultraviolet.

[0023] The light emitting device may further comprise one or more additional first LED dies having a first SPD and one or more additional second LED dies having a second SPD, the additional first LED dies and the additional second LED dies being supported by the substrate at a first side of the substrate. The substrate extends along a length having a width and a thickness less than the length, and the first LED dies and the second LED dies are disposed at different locations along the length of the substrate. The length may be greater than 1 centimeter and the width is less than or equal to 1 centimeter.

[0024] In general, in another aspect, the disclosure features a lighting fixture including a light emitting device of any of the preceding aspects and a solid optical assembly disposed with a first light input surface facing the light emitting device, the solid optical assembly configured to receive light from the light emitting device at said surface and output light from one or more light output surfaces.

[0025] The solid optical assembly can include two light output surfaces, each positioned to output light into a different light emitting lobe.

[0026] The light emitting device can extend in a plane, and the solid optical assembly comprises a plurality of light input surfaces including a first light input surface, the plurality of light input surfaces being spaced apart from one another and facing the light emitting device, and the solid optical assembly is configured to accept light from the light emitting device at each of the light input surfaces and output light from one or more light output surfaces.

[0027] The luminaire may include a heat sink that includes a channel shaped and sized to receive the light emitting device. The heat sink may be in thermal contact with the light emitting device on a bottom side of the light emitting device opposite the LED die.

[0028] In another aspect, the present disclosure comprises one or more lighting fixtures according to the preceding aspect and an electronic control system in communication with the one or more lighting fixtures over a network, the electronic control system being programmed to control the brightness and color of light emitted by the one or more lighting fixtures.

[0029] In general, in a further aspect, the disclosure provides a light emitting diode (LED) having a first LED die having a peak emission wavelength L1 in the range of 360 nm to 490 nm, a second LED die having a peak emission wavelength L2 in the range of 600 nm to 650 nm, and a light conversion material positioned to receive light emitted from the first LED die and the second LED die, the light conversion material comprising: (i) a first LED die having a peak emission wavelength L1 in the range of 500 nm to 550 nm; P1 (ii) a peak emission wavelength L in the range of 550 nm to 650 nm; P2 and (iii) a peak emission wavelength L in the range of 580 nm to 650 nm. P3and a third phosphorescent compound having a first phosphorescent compound, a second phosphorescent compound, ...

[0030] In general, in another aspect, the disclosure provides a light-emitting diode (LED) device comprising: a first LED die having a peak emission wavelength L1 in the blue or ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum; a second LED die having a peak emission wavelength L2 in the red portion of the electromagnetic spectrum; and a light conversion material positioned to receive light emitted from the first LED die and the second LED die, the light conversion material comprising: (i) a first LED die having a peak emission wavelength L1 in the green portion of the electromagnetic spectrum; P1 (ii) a first phosphorescent compound having a peak emission wavelength L in the orange portion of the electromagnetic spectrum; P2 and (iii) a peak emission wavelength L in the red portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. P3 and a third phosphorescent compound having a first phosphorescent compound, a second phosphorescent compound, ...

[0031] Example lighting devices may include one or more of the following features and / or features of other aspects. For example, in operation, a lighting fixture including the lighting device may output light having at least F2 fidelity according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering. In operation, a lighting fixture including the lighting device may output light having at least F1 fidelity according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering.

[0032] In operation, a luminaire including the light emitting device can output 200 or more lumens per watt of input power.

[0033] The light conversion material can have multiple peak emission wavelengths between 580 nm and 650 nm.

[0034] The light emitting device can include an encapsulant material including a light conversion material, the encapsulant material encapsulating the first LED die and the second LED die at a surface of the substrate. The light emitting device can include an electrical circuit comprising the first LED die and the second LED die, the electrical circuit configured to provide independent control of a first amount of power delivered to the first LED die and a second amount of power delivered to the second LED die.

[0035] In general, in a still further aspect, the disclosure provides a light emitting diode (LED) having a peak emission wavelength L1 in the range of 360 nm to 490 nm, a second LED having a peak emission wavelength L2 in the range of 600 nm to 650 nm, or in the range of 500 nm to 565 nm, and a homogenous light converting material positioned to receive light emitted from the first LED and the second LED, the homogenous light converting material comprising: (i) a first LED having a peak emission wavelength L1 in the range of 500 nm to 550 nm; P1 (ii) a peak emission wavelength L in the range of 550 nm to 650 nm; P2 and (iii) a peak emission wavelength L in the range of 580 nm to 650 nm. P3and a homogenous light conversion material including a third phosphorescent compound having a first phosphorescent compound, a second phosphorescent compound, and a third phosphorescent compound having ...

[0036] In general, in a still further aspect, the present disclosure provides a first optical module comprising: a first heat sink, a first light emitting filament comprising a first plurality of light emitting diode (LED) dies and a first encapsulant material; and a first optical assembly disposed to receive light emitted from the first light emitting filament, homogenize the light received from the first light emitting filament to form a homogenized light, and direct the homogenized light from the first light emitting filament to a first light distribution in a first hemisphere; a second light emitting filament comprising a second heat sink, a second plurality of light emitting diode (LED) dies and a second encapsulant material; and a first optical assembly disposed to receive light emitted from the second light emitting filament, homogenize the light received from the first light emitting filament to form a homogenized light, and direct the homogenized light from the first light emitting filament to a first light distribution in a first hemisphere. and directing the homogenized light from the second light emitting filament to a second light distribution portion in a second hemisphere opposite the first hemisphere, a bus disposed between the first optical module and the second optical module, and an electronic control module supported by the bus, the electronic control module configured to receive power from a power source external to the lighting fixture and configured to control the first light emitting filament and the second light emitting filament to control light emitted from the first light emitting filament and the second light emitting filament. The first plurality of LED dies comprises at least one blue or ultraviolet LED die and at least one red LED die, and the first encapsulant material includes a first phosphorescent compound and a second phosphorescent compound.

[0037] Example lighting fixtures may include one or more of the following features and / or features of other aspects. For example, the first light distribution section and the second light distribution section may have different shapes. The first light distribution section may consist of two lobes. The second light distribution section may consist of a single lobe.

[0038] The lighting fixture can include a cover comprising a first panel disposed on a first side of the lighting fixture and a second panel disposed on a second side of the lighting fixture opposite the first side, the first panel and the second panel forming a first channel including the first optical module and a second channel including the second optical module. The first panel and the second panel can include forged aluminum. The forged aluminum of the first panel and the second panel can provide a reflective surface having a parabolic shape.

[0039] The lighting fixture may include a first sensor assembly positioned to receive light from the first optical module.

[0040] The luminaire may include a second sensor assembly arranged to receive light from the second optical module. The first optical assembly may include a plurality of light guides arranged to receive light from the first light emitting filament and guide the light to an extractor. The extractor may have a single extraction surface. The extractor may have a pair of extraction surfaces spaced apart from one another. The first optical assembly may include a plurality of injectors arranged to receive light from the first light emitting filament and couple the light into corresponding ones of the plurality of light guides.

[0041] The first heat sink may comprise a recess having a floor extending in a plane and a sidewall on opposite sides of the floor, the light emitting filament being disposed in the groove in thermal contact with the heat sink at the floor and the sidewall. The recess may be a groove.

[0042] The first heat sink includes a first panel housing the first light emitting filament and a second panel extending from the first panel adjacent the first optical assembly, the second panel having a surface contacting the first optical assembly at a location offset from the first light emitting filament. The first heat sink can have a G-shaped cross-section.

[0043] In general, in a further aspect, the disclosure features a lighting fixture comprising: a heat sink having a surface with a recess at a raised height relative to opposing sides, the recess having a floor and opposing sidewalls extending from the floor; and a light emitting diode (LED) package comprising a substrate having a top surface, a bottom surface, and opposing side surfaces extending between the top and bottom surfaces, the bottom surface of the LED package being in thermally conductive contact with the floor of the recess and opposing side surfaces of the LED package being in thermally conductive contact with opposing sidewalls of the recess.

[0044] Example lighting fixtures may include one or more of the following features and / or features of other embodiments: For example, the bottom surface may be in direct contact with a floor of the recess, one or more of the side surfaces may be in direct contact with a sidewall of the recess, and the recess is U-shaped.

[0045] The recess may be a groove, with opposing sidewalls of the recess being perpendicular to the floor of the recess.

[0046] The LED package can be press-fit into the cavity.

[0047] In general, in yet another aspect, the disclosure features a lighting fixture including a first part having a first optical aperture, a second part having a second optical aperture, and a fastener that secures the first part to the second part with the first optical aperture adjacent the second optical aperture such that the first optical aperture and the second optical aperture intersect a path of light propagation in the lighting fixture, the fastener extending along a perimeter of the first part and the second part and contacting the lighting fixture at a plurality of points that exert a force that presses the adjacent optical apertures toward each other, the force being sufficient to hold the first part and the second part together and maintain registration of the first part and the second part during operation of the lighting fixture.

[0048] Example lighting fixtures may include one or more of the following features and / or features of other aspects: For example, the first part may comprise a light guide and the second part may comprise an extractor, the light guide and the extractor being optically coupled at adjacent optical apertures, the light guide configured to guide light along a forward direction and provide the guided light to the extractor at the adjacent optical apertures, and the extractor configured to direct the light received at the adjacent optical apertures and output the received light to an ambient environment with a predetermined light distribution.

[0049] Example lighting fixtures may include one or more of the following features and / or features of other embodiments. For example, the fastener may include a hook disposed on a first end of the fastener and an arch disposed on a second end of the fastener opposite the first end, where the hook is shaped to hook onto the first part and the arch is shaped to press onto the second part. The first part of the lighting fixture may be a light guide or a housing. The second part may be an optical extractor.

[0050] The fastener can include one or more spring elements that can include contoured portions arranged to provide a resilient element to the force pressing adjacent optical apertures toward one another.

[0051] The fastener may consist of a single piece of metal.

[0052] Specific implementations of the subject matter described herein may be implemented to achieve one or more of the following advantages: The luminaires can provide a high dynamic range, can vary the correlated color temperature (CCT), can be easily replaced and upgraded in the field, and can operate with high optical efficiency. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0053] [Figure 1A] FIG. 13 shows the recommended specification criteria from IES TM-30 Annex E based on design intent and priority levels based on further detailed parameters. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overlap and possible combinations of TM-30 design intent and priority levels. [Figure 2A] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a lighting fixture, according to some examples. [Figure 2B] FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the lighting fixture of FIG. 2A. [Figure 2C] FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the lighting fixture of FIG. 2A. [Figure 3A] FIG. 2C is an exploded perspective view of a heat sink and a light source of the lighting fixture of FIGS. 2A to 2C. [Figure 3B] FIG. 2C is an exploded perspective view of a heat sink and a light source of the lighting fixture of FIGS. 2A to 2C. [Figure 3C] 2A-2C are cross-sectional schematic diagrams of light sources in the exemplary lighting fixture shown in FIG. [Figure 3D] 2A-2C are cross-sectional schematic diagrams of light sources in the exemplary lighting fixture shown in FIG. [Figure 4A] 1 is a perspective view of an example fastener for fastening multiple pieces of a lighting fixture. [Figure 4B] 1 is a perspective view of an example fastener for fastening multiple pieces of a lighting fixture. [Figure 4C] 1 is a perspective view of an example fastener for fastening multiple pieces of a lighting fixture. [Figure 5A] 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a portion of a hybrid red light source. [Figure 5B] 1 is a plot showing spectral power distributions for different emitters and phosphors that can be incorporated into a hybrid red light source. [Figure 5C] 1 is a plot showing an example of a chromaticity gamut used to evaluate different combinations of emitters and phosphors in a hybrid red light source. [Figure 5D] 1 is a plot showing an example of achievable chromaticity range at low CCT using a hybrid red light source. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of lighting fixtures and components of a lighting control system. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 illustrates components of a lighting control system. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a schematic floor plan of an exemplary lighting control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0054] The disclosed concepts are directed, at least in part, to a networked, variable white lighting fixture and component light sources. The lighting fixture includes an optical system with high optical efficiency, such as greater than 80%, uniform light characteristics, and effective beam shaping. The optical efficiency can be 80% or greater, such as 85%, 90%, 95%, or even 96% or greater. The light characteristics, such as brightness and color, can be uniform at the output in space, at the target surface, or both. The lighting fixture can provide beam shaping to illuminate the target surface with a desired uniformity, brightness, color, white point, or combination thereof. Illumination away from the target surface can be minimal.

[0055] Lighting fixtures FIG. 2A shows an exploded view of an exemplary lighting fixture 100 configured for both direct and indirect lighting. The lighting fixture 100 includes optical modules 102 and 104 for providing direct and indirect lighting, respectively. The optical modules 102 and 104 are mounted to a shared bus 110 that also houses an electronic control module (ECM) 114. The lighting fixture 100 further includes a lower sensor tower 106, an upper sensor tower 108, power wiring 112, and a cover 116 consisting of two panels that attach to the bus 110 and enclose the elements within the lighting fixture 100. Two brackets 119 enclose the edges of the lighting fixture 100 between the panels of the cover 116. The lighting fixture 100 extends linearly along an axis 101 that is parallel to the z-axis of a Cartesian coordinate system provided for reference. Other lighting fixture examples may provide only direct lighting or only indirect lighting. Examples of different lighting fixtures include, for example, suspended, recessed, wall mounted, wall wash, grazer, upright, and other configurations.

[0056] Both the direct optical module 102 and the indirect optical module 104 include respective optics, an LED substrate, and a heat sink. In general, the optics of the optical modules 102 and 104 are similar, except for the optical extractors 130 and 126, which in this example shape the extracted light for direct and indirect illumination. When properly installed, the direct optical module 102 can be configured to provide direct illumination to a target surface, for example, maintaining a light distribution angle below the glare zone. The indirect optical module 104 provides indirect illumination by illuminating a target surface, such as a ceiling, which further reflects the light into the surrounding environment. The indirect optical module 104 is configured in this example to create a uniformly tightly controlled light distribution consisting of two lobes. The direct optical module 102 and the indirect optical module 104 work in conjunction to provide a desired ratio of direct and indirect lighting, such as, for example, such that the overall light output ratio of indirect / direct light is between 30% / 70% and 70% / 30%.

[0057] Both the direct optics module 102 and the indirect optics module 104 include solid-state light sources, such as light sources that use light emitting diodes (LEDs) or other solid-state light emitters. The light sources can be LED packages, such as chip-on-board (OCB) packaged LED devices, or in another form, and can have a point filament or other shape. The light sources can provide high efficiency, low etendue, brightness and chromaticity stability, and high color rendering.

[0058] As described in further detail below, the light sources in each optical module 102 and 104 of the exemplary lighting fixture 100 are matched and edge-coupled to the optics of each module, which may include components such as coupling components, guiding components, and extraction components, or combinations thereof.

[0059] The lower sensor tower 106 and the upper sensor tower 108 each house a sensor for collecting information about the surroundings of the lighting fixture 100. The ECM 114 can modify the output characteristics of the direct and / or indirect optical modules based on this information. In general, the lower sensor tower 106 and the upper sensor tower 108 can include a passive infrared (PIR) occupancy sensor, such as utilizing an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and an ambient light sensor, and an ambient light sensor that blocks infrared and / or ultraviolet radiation. In general, the lower sensor tower 106 and the upper sensor tower 108 can be the same or different. In some examples, the lower sensor tower 106 includes a flat lens that results in a smooth, esthetically pleasing shape that can fit inside the lighting fixture 100. Alternatively or additionally, the upper sensor tower 108 can include a digital color sensor for measuring the characteristics of the reflected light of a target, such as a ceiling.

[0060] The ECM 114 comprises an ECM board (e.g., PCB), a microcontroller (MCU), and an integrated sensor tower. The ECM 114 can provide feedback of various ambient conditions, including lighting conditions of the target surface, such as brightness, color, shade, amount of ambient light, presence of people, rough ambient temperature or thermal imaging, and acoustics. The ECM 114 can interface with sensors coupled to the light guide 122 from each optical module to determine the color or other properties of the light mixed therein. Such sensors can have a high dynamic range. As a result, the ECM 114 can adjust the color temperature despite LED binning and degradation. For example, the ECM 114 can receive data from an upper sensor tower regarding the reflected light characteristics of the target, which allows the ECM 114 to offset artifacts induced in the ceiling.

[0061] The cover 116 comprises panels that cover opposing sides of the lighting fixture 100. In some examples, the panels are aluminum, such as forged aluminum, or other materials that have a highly reflective surface. The shape of the panels can vary depending on the implementation. In some examples, the panels have a parabolic shape.

[0062] The luminaire 100 includes fasteners 270 that hold the elements of the luminaire in place. Further details about fasteners 270 are provided below. A label 180 with information about replacement parts for the luminaire, or the like, may be placed on the inside surface of the cover 116.

[0063] The power wiring 112 can connect the lighting fixture to an external source of power and can enable two-stage power conversion with high efficiency (e.g., 80% or more, 90% or more, 93.1%, etc.). In some implementations, the power wiring is used in conjunction with Gallium Nitride (GaN) Field Effect Transistors (FETs) to reduce switching losses.

[0064] The direct optics module 102 and the indirect optics module 104 are constructed in a manner that allows them to be "dropped in," e.g., easily installed and replaced, onto the bus 110. The bus 110 can distribute input power to both light sources and can facilitate communication and arbitration between the boards.

[0065] 2B and 2C, cross-sectional views of an exemplary lighting fixture 100 are shown through two cross sections parallel to the xy plane of a Cartesian coordinate system. The views show cross sections at different locations along axis 101, revealing different components.

[0066] The direct optical module 102 and the indirect optical module 104 each include a light source 118, a light guide 122, a CPC injector 132, and an extractor (126 for module 104 and 130 for module 102). The CPC injector 132 is positioned to capture light emitted from the light source 118 and couple the captured light into the corresponding light guide 122. In certain implementations, the CPC injector 132 can capture almost all the light from the light source 118. For example, a good total internal reflection (TIR) ​​CPC injector with a properly shaped aperture and immersion coupling (e.g., index matching gel) can capture more than 95% of the light emitted from the light source 118. Similar coupling efficiency can be achieved with a hollow CPC injector based on a reflective shell. A properly configured injector can preserve the etendue and help provide a luminaire 100 with a high overall optical efficiency, such as 96%. The CPC injector 132 also provides initial shaping of the light distribution. In certain instances, the initial shaping of the light distribution is sufficient to cause the luminaire 100 to avoid using an extractor for indirect lighting.

[0067] The light guide 122 receives light from the CPC injector 132 and guides the light to the extractors 126 and 130. The light guide 122 also acts as a mixing chamber so that the light emerges from the light guide uniformly (with uniform intensity) and mixed (spectrally). In some implementations, the light guide 122 can provide shaping in the lateral, axial, or both directions of the output light. As a result, the light emerging from the luminaire 100 can have a low unified glare rating (UGR rating), for example, with little or no stray light.

[0068] The size of the light guide 122 is generally selected to match the light source 118. For example, in certain cases, the light guide 122 may be up to a few millimeters wider than the light source 118 and may have a height of approximately 40 mm. Such dimensions may be long enough to provide sufficient distance for the light to mix thoroughly while preserving the etendue.

[0069] The light guide 122 is optically coupled to the extractors 126 and 130 at adjacent optical apertures. The light guide 122 guides light in a forward direction to the extractors 126 and 130, respectively, thereby providing light to the extractors 126 and 130 at adjacent optical apertures.

[0070] Extractor 126 and extractor 130 are shaped differently to provide different light extraction patterns for direct and indirect lighting. In this example, extractor 126 has a bat-wing shape (in cross section) that allows for precise tailoring of the output light distribution in the space, e.g., producing a light distribution with little to no glare and no additional baffles. The final distribution of indirect light can vary greatly depending on the shape of extractor 126. The shape of extractor 126 also allows luminaire 100 to precisely place the light on the target surface with little to no deviation. Extractor 130 has a single extraction surface that provides a single light lobe for direct lighting.

[0071] Each optical module also includes a heat sink 134 with a "G" shaped cross section to enclose the components of the optical system of the modules 102 and 104. The heat sink 134 directly interacts with the cover 116 and the bus 110 to provide a good thermal path from the respective light sources to the surrounding environment. Additionally, the top of the "G" contacts the light guide 122, and a channel 135 at the base of each "G" receives the light source 118 and the CPC injector 132 for optical alignment and mounting. The heat sink 134 manages the temperature of the luminaire 100 during operation to keep the temperature of the luminaire 100 below a threshold, such as below 60°C, which can improve the optical efficiency of the luminaire 100, for example, increased lumen maintenance life and increased chromaticity shift life. Fasteners 140 can secure the optics to the heat sink 134.

[0072] Also, an index-matching gel is positioned between the CPC injector 132 and the light source 118. The index-matching gel can reduce Fresnel losses at the package-to-air and air-to-optics interfaces, which can improve efficacy and optical efficiency.

[0073] 3A-3B show two exploded perspective views of a portion of an exemplary lighting fixture 100 including an optical module 104, a heat sink 134, and a light source 118. Here, the optical system of the optical module is shown to consist of a single extractor 126 fed by four light guides 122, each of which receives light from a corresponding CPC injector 132. A light pipe 120 is positioned between these light guides 122. In this example, the light source 118 is in the form of a filament, e.g., a long, thin LED package, but can have other shapes in other implementations. In general, the filament can be rigid or flexible depending on the implementation. In FIG. 3B, the light source 118 is shown positioned at the base of a channel 135 in the heat sink 134.

[0074] Functionally, the light source 118 comprises an active region 302 adjacent to a CPC injector. The active region 302 provides light during operation and is separated by inactive regions 304. The active region 302 includes multiple LED dies encapsulated by an encapsulant material in a suitable substrate. The active regions 302 are spaced apart in the substrate to form inactive regions therebetween. The substrate may include, for example, an organic material such as FP4, a polyimide, a metal such as aluminum, a ceramic such as alumina, or other materials. In general, the encapsulant material may cover both the active region 302 and the inactive region 304, or alternatively, may cover only the active region 302. The encapsulant material may include one or more phosphorescent compounds. Each phosphorescent compound may be homogeneously distributed throughout the encapsulant material or may be otherwise distributed.

[0075] 3C and 3D show cross-sectional views of a portion of an exemplary lighting fixture 100 including a light source 118. Fig. 3C shows a cross-section perpendicular to the Z axis, and Fig. 3D shows a cross-section perpendicular to the X axis. The light source 118 consists of a substrate 312 supporting an LED die 310.

[0076] Depending on the implementation, the encapsulant may include only broadband phosphorescent compounds, one or more narrowband phosphorescent compounds, or one or more narrowband phosphorescent compounds in addition to broadband phosphorescent compounds. The encapsulant of the exemplary light source 118 includes a mixture of broadband and narrowband phosphorescent compounds in a suitable binder (e.g., a silicone binder) that covers the LED die 310 on the substrate. The broadband phosphorescent compounds in this example are configured to provide light with a broad SPD that is mostly distributed between blue-green and red. The narrowband phosphors in this example provide light with a narrowband SPD with one or more narrow peaks in the red portion of the visible spectrum.

[0077] In this example, light source 118 includes three strips 310a, 310b, and 310c of encapsulated LED dies deposited on a substrate 312 in each active region 302. Strips 310a, 310b, and 310c are separately operably controllable. Each strip is configured to provide one or more control channels for the LED dies.

[0078] In this example, strips 310a and 310c are configured to provide warm white light, and strip 310b is configured to provide cool white light. Each strip includes one or more pump LED dies configured to pump phosphor in encapsulant material 308, and one or more direct red, direct green, direct blue-green, or other direct color LED dies that supplement the SPDs provided by the phosphor-infused encapsulant with light of the respective color. In this example, the pump LEDs and direct color LEDs are arranged in a single row along the z-direction. The pump LED dies can be blue, ultraviolet, or other LEDs that can be used to pump the phosphor.

[0079] In this example, each strip provides two channels such that the pump LED die and the direct color LED die in the strip are separately controllable. The light source 118 includes an appropriate number of electrical connections to connect the warm white and cool white strips to an ECM for separate control. Depending on the implementation, the warm white strips in different active regions may each be electrically combined to provide dependent control or electrically separated to provide independent control. The cool white strip in the example light source may be similarly configured.

[0080] Depending on the example, the strips may be covered with additional material over the encapsulation material already present in each strip. Such additional material may include a transparent encapsulation material, a translucent encapsulation material, or an immersion material. The immersion material may be an oil or silicone intended to enhance optical coupling between the active area and the luminaire injector.

[0081] The walls of the heat sink 134 extend above the strips 310a-c. The bottom surface of the light source 118 and the floor 128 of the channel 135 are in thermally conductive contact. In this example, heat transfer can occur through the bottom of the light source 118 to the floor 128 of the heat sink 134. Opposing sides of the substrate 312 are also in thermally conductive contact with opposing sidewalls of the channel 135. Thus, heat transfer can occur through both the floor 128 of the heat sink 134 and the opposing sidewalls of the channel 135. FIG. 3D shows a series of alternating active and inactive regions 302 and 304 in the substrate 312, where the active regions 302 are each coupled to a corresponding CPC injector 132. Each active region 302 includes the same strip and channel of the LED die 310. In this cross section 301, only one strip of each active region is visible in the YZ plane. The LED die 310 in each active area 302 is surrounded by a respective strip of encapsulant material. In this example, the encapsulant material of the strip between adjacent active areas is discontinuous. Immersion silicone oil 132a, 132b, and 132c are disposed between the active areas 302 and the CPD injector 132.

[0082] While the above examples include specific combinations of LED dies and phosphors, in general, the active area 302 of the light source may include other color channels of the LED dies, such as red, yellow, green, and / or blue channels. The light source of the LED package may include red LEDs, green LEDs, cyan LEDs, blue LEDs, ultraviolet LEDs, or any combination thereof. Additionally, the LED package may include at least one phosphor in combination with an appropriate pump LED. The LED package may be configured as a single channel or a multi-channel LED package. Multi-channel packages may be used to provide control and / or stabilization over the chromaticity or white point of the light provided by the LED package by controlling the amount of individual light provided by each channel during operation. White point control may provide control of the light, for example, between warm white (WW) and cool white (CW) light from the same package. For example, the correlated color temperature (CCT) may be varied in the interval between 2200K and 5700K, or between 2500K and 5000K. Exemplary light sources, whether providing one (single) channel or multiple channels, may comprise one or more packages.

[0083] Additionally, the shape and design of the heat sink 134 can reduce thermal resistance and enable efficient heat transfer. For example, the heat sink 134 can be designed based on the shape of the light source, such as an elongated filament, to improve thermal management and extend the life of the LED.

[0084] The arrangement of the LEDs within the light source 118 can affect thermal crowding and therefore thermal management. For example, a linear arrangement of the LED dies can reduce thermal crowding. The package dimensions of the package, which are approximately the LED die dimensions of the LED dies, can also improve thermal management.

[0085] Light source color In general, the light sources in the lighting fixture 100 may be configured as single or multiple channel LED packages to provide control, stability, or both to properties such as the chromaticity or white point of the light provided by the light source 118. In some implementations, the control of the white point can provide control of the color of the light between warm white (WW) and cool white (CW) light from the same package. For example, the correlated color temperature (CCT) can be varied in the interval between 2500K and 5000K. Light sources according to the present technology can be configured to provide single or multiple channels and be placed into one or more packages. The light sources may include WW emitters, CW emitters, or both WW and CW emitters combined with one or more direct red emitting LEDs.

[0086] The LEDs in a light source may have one or more Spectral Power Distributions (SPDs). The SPD provides a profile of the light power distributed throughout the spectrum, typically as a function of wavelength. The SPD of a light source determines the chromaticity of the light source, and for a white light source, the correlated color temperature (CCT), also called the white point.

[0087] In general, the light source comprises at least one phosphor with at least one pump LED die. The phosphor emits light, e.g., luminescence, when exposed to a particular type of radiation. The pump LED die illuminates the phosphor to provide a desired SPD. In a particular example, the light source 118 comprises two different LED dies with different SPDs, each illuminating the phosphor. As light from the LED die propagates through the phosphor, the phosphor absorbs the pump light and emits light at a longer wavelength than the pump light. The phosphor can broaden and / or shift the peak wavelength of the SPD when comparing the output light to the input light.

[0088] In some implementations, the light source 118 comprises one or more first LED dies intended to pump phosphors and one or more second LED dies, such as red, green, or blue-green LEDs. The first LED die can be a blue, blue-green, or ultraviolet pump LED die, such as having light in wavelengths from 360 nm to 490 nm, and the second LED die can be a red or blue-green LED die with a primary peak or dominant wavelength of 500 nm or greater, such as 550 nm or 600 nm if intended as a red fill. In this disclosure, the color of the light refers to the quality of the spectrum of the light, even though the light may not be visible to the human eye, e.g., light with wavelengths from 360 nm to 400 nm is considered ultraviolet in color.

[0089] The dominant wavelength can be determined according to industry standards (see, for example, https: / / www.ies.org / definitions / dominant-wavelength-of-a-color-stimulus / ).

[0090] Both the first and second LED dies emit light that enters an encapsulant material adjacent to the LED dies, such as a phosphorescent compound-containing binder that coats on or above the LED dies. The inner surface of the encapsulant material 308 receives light from the first and second LEDs. As the light passes from the inner surface to the outer surface of the encapsulant material 308, inelastic scattering of the light from the phosphor changes the SPD of the light from the LED dies. For example, the first SPD can be a third SPD and the second SPD can be a fourth SPD. The third SPD can be broader than the fourth SPD, e.g., the FWHM of the primary peak in the SPD can be larger. The fourth SPD can be broader than the second SPD, e.g., the phosphor in the encapsulant material 308 can broaden the spectrum of the light emitted by the LED.

[0091] In some implementations, the phosphor has wavelength dependent properties, e.g., the phosphor can broaden SPDs with some peak wavelengths and not affect SPDs with other wavelengths, e.g., the second SPD can be unaffected from traveling through the encapsulant material 308, e.g., the second SPD and the fourth SPD are identical.

[0092] As another example, there may be multiple types of phosphorescent compounds in the encapsulant 308. The first LED die may have a blue or shorter peak emission wavelength L1, for example in the range of 360 nm to 490 nm. The second LED die may have a red, yellow, or green peak emission wavelength L2, for example in the range of 600 nm to 650 nm or in the range of 500 nm to 565 nm. The phosphor 308 may have three different peak emission wavelengths L P and the like. For example, the phosphorescent compound may be a homogeneous combination of three phosphorescent compounds with L P1 can be green, such as from 500 nm to 550 nm. P2 can be orange, such as from 550 nm to 650 nm. P3 can be red, such as from 580 nm to 650 nm.

[0093] White light from phosphor-converted LEDs often lacks enough red light to achieve the TM-30 specification, specifically, to achieve high TM-30 preference and fidelity ratings. Incorporating a phosphor to scatter the direct emission from the red LED die can improve color uniformity over the angular spread and result in a tunable amount of red light in the white light. A narrowband tunable red can result in an increased chromaticity range and higher preference ratings due to lower CCT and higher fidelity ratings and efficiency.

[0094] The relative concentrations of the three phosphorescent compounds and the luminous intensities of the first and second LED dies can be selected such that the luminaire 100 emits white light having a particular quality, such as preference P1 and fidelity F3 according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering. In some implementations, the luminaire 100 can output light from an exterior surface having fidelity F1 or greater or F2 or greater according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering. The luminaire 100 can have an efficacy of 200 lm / W (lumens per watt).

[0095] In some implementations, the phosphor in the encapsulant 308 includes multiple L P3 The optical fiber may have multiple red peak emission wavelengths, such as values ​​of

[0096] In some implementations, the electrical connections, sub-components of the ECM 114 can control the amount of power provided to each LED, e.g., LED die, in the light source 118. For example, the ECM 114 can provide a first amount of power to a first LED die and a second (different) amount of power to a second LED die.

[0097] The use of phosphor-converted LED emitters reduces D over time. u’v’ For example, LEDs used alone can drift in their chromaticity over time. However, various LED color correction methods can reduce the amount of color drift.

[0098] The light source 118 comprises one or more suitable color light sources, such as direct color emitting LEDs, e.g., red, blue-green, or other color, combined with WW emitters, CW emitters, or both WW and CW emitters, where the WW and CW emitters may comprise phosphor-converted LED emitters with a first channel for pump LEDs, but may also be other forms of white light emitters. The resulting light source may thus comprise one or more channels corresponding to the same number of white light sources, and a respective number of further channels for direct color (red, blue-green, or other color) emitting LEDs.

[0099] In some implementations, the light source 118 is a phosphor-converted LED emitter with a first channel for a pump LED and a second channel for a direct red-emitting LED. Supplementing the red portion of the spectrum with a narrowband source can be used to improve color rendering, stabilize the color point, increase the effectiveness of the emission, or a combination thereof. A suitable phosphor may be required when supplementing the red portion of the spectrum. For example, TriGain™ phosphors (from GE Current, Beachwood, OH), Nichia H5 and F1 (from Nichia Corporation, Tokushima), or other products may be used.

[0100] An example efficacy could be 180lm / W and as high as 215lm / W or more while achieving CCT values ​​from 2700K to 5000K and TM-30 P1, F3 requirements for color rendering. An example LED package could be configured as a very elongated form factor of 1mm x 18mm with all LED dies in a single line under a common phosphor. The LED package could be configured as a surface mount package that is intended for recessed mounting for reduced package level thermal resistance. The recessed mounting increases the surface area for conductive heat transfer and improves heat spreading. Simulations have shown that the thermal resistance of the package could be reduced by 60-70% compared to a standard 3030 LED package.

[0101] Using a mid-power LED die designed for nominal operation at 65mA, or other suitably under-driven LED die, that limits the operating current to 30mA, can be an efficient design choice. Thermal management designs are expected to allow operating temperatures below 60°C. The increased efficacy achieved by using lower drive currents can mitigate the thermal droop associated with higher temperatures, allowing the package to operate at 98-99% of 65mA at 25°C for WW and CW, respectively.

[0102] The use of appropriate LED die, encapsulant, phosphor, and package materials in the example LED package can achieve high lumen maintenance and chromaticity stability, for example, L90 at over 80,000 hours and CS4 at over 25,000 hours (more than 4 steps of chromaticity shift per TM-35). The example LED package can be configured to provide low thermal resistance resulting in low LED operating temperatures and operate the LED die at less than nominal current densities. These aspects further improve lumen maintenance and chromaticity stability.

[0103] As previously mentioned, the lighting fixture 100 includes fasteners 270, which are mechanical elements shaped to secure the various components of the lighting fixture together. Figures 4A-4C depict perspective views of examples of such fasteners. Specifically, these figures show exemplary fasteners 400a, 400b, and 400c, all of which are examples of fasteners for securing the optics of the indirect optics module 104 to the lighting fixture 100.

[0104] Each fastener 400a, 400b, and 400c is configured to secure different elements together without the use of adhesive to bond the elements together. The fasteners are also shaped to register with alignment features (e.g., including groove-registering ridges, post-registering holes, etc.) in one or more elements (e.g., optical elements) to facilitate precise alignment of the lighting fixture components relative to one another.

[0105] The fastener 400a includes a pair of arms 401 that extend along opposite sides of the optics of the optical module 104. Each arm 401 includes a spring 404 consisting of a corrugated portion of the arm. Both arms 401 terminate in a hook 406 that hooks onto a heat sink of the optical module 104. The springs 404 allow the arms 401 to stretch during assembly of the lighting fixture 100 and provide a holding force once assembled. The integral spring feature 404 can provide a resilient element to the force that holds adjacent optical apertures together.

[0106] The arms 401 are joined together at the ends opposite the hook 406 by a bridge that includes an arcuate portion 402 designed to conform to the surface of the optical system.

[0107] Connectors other than hooks may be used. For example, fasteners 400b and 400c are configured to be attached to a lighting fixture using alternative fasteners, such as screws or bolts. Specifically, fastener 400b includes a through hole 408 at the end of one of its arms that can receive a fastening element. Fastener 400c includes through holes 408 at the end of both arms for receiving a fastening element.

[0108] The fastener 400 can secure multiple components of the lighting fixture 100 relative to one another. For example, the fastener 400 can hold a light guide, such as light guide 122, and extractor 126, each of which can have adjacent optical apertures that intersect a path of light propagation in the lighting fixture 100. The fastener 400 can extend along the periphery of the light guide 122 and extractor 126 with multiple points of contact. At the points of contact, the fastener 400 can exert a force that presses adjacent optical apertures against one another to maintain the registration of the multiple components of the lighting fixture 100 during operation.

[0109] In general, it is believed that the use of fasteners such as fasteners 400a, 400b, and 400c can reduce the amount of adhesive bonding of two or more different components to assemble lighting fixture 100. The fasteners can also allow for easier disassembly of the lighting fixture as compared to similar structures that use extensive adhesive bonding.

[0110] Although the luminaire 100 described above is a linear fixture, that is, the luminaire extends along a straight axis 101, other configurations are possible. For example, the luminaire may be curved, such as shaped into a closed ring, wavy, or other shape. Additionally, in some instances, only a single optical module is used, for example, to provide only indirect lighting or only direct lighting.

[0111] Hybrid Red Light Source Conventional white LED light sources (e.g., consisting of a phosphor pumped with a blue LED die) are considered to be red deficient. Various approaches to adding red light include using a broadband red phosphor, using a narrowband red phosphor (e.g., TriGain™), or using a separately packaged red LED. However, such approaches, while providing relatively high CRI ratings (e.g., as high as 90 or 95), may not readily provide the desired TM-30 preference rating.

[0112] An alternative approach is to use a hybrid red light source, which is obtained by packaging a direct red emitting LED die with a blue LED die and a phosphor (e.g., TriGain™). An exemplary hybrid red light source 50 is depicted in FIG. 5A. The light source 50 includes a red LED die 51 and a blue LED die 52, all encapsulated by an encapsulant material including one or more phosphorescent compounds (e.g., including TriGain™ phosphor) in a substrate 55. Although the light source 50 is depicted as having three blue LED dies 52 and two red LED dies 51, more generally, these numbers may be different. In general, such a light source may include the same number of red and blue LED dies, more red LED dies than blue LED dies, or more blue LED dies than red LED dies. In general, the number of each die may be selected based on the type of die and the overall power specified for the light source.

[0113] It is believed that such a light source can feature several advantages. For example, the inclusion of a red LED die allows the light source to adjust the amount of red light in the light source's SPD independently of the other colors. Independent red control also allows for reduced effects of wavelength shifts that can occur in separately packaged red LEDs. Additionally, encapsulation of the red LED die in phosphor can facilitate improvements in color uniformity due to scattering of red light by phosphor particles as the red LED die traverses the encapsulant material.

[0114] Referring to FIG. 5B, the SPD of an example hybrid red light source is shown. Also shown in this plot are the SPDs of the blue LED, red LED (511), green phosphor, orange phosphor, and TriGain™ phosphor (531). In this example, the SPD of the red LED has an emission peak (at approximately 620 nm to 630 nm) that overlaps with the primary peak of the TriGain™ phosphor. The spectrum shown in this example corresponds to the spectrum obtained by deconvoluting the spectra of Nichia's H5, F1, and red products, and the SPD of the example light source is approximated by the sum of the SPDs of the constituent components.

[0115] Using the approach to approximating the SPD of a hybrid red light source, it is possible to evaluate different hybrid red spectra for TM-30 and / or CIE color values. Referring to FIG. 5C, the CIE x,y values ​​are plotted for a number of different SPDs achievable by a hybrid red light source. For each data point, the mix of relative amounts of blue LED light, red LED light, and phosphor emission is selected using a Monte Carlo algorithm. The data points represent the range of samples that were evaluated. In this example, samples have a CCT of 2200K, a CCT of 6500K, and D values ​​ranging from -0.007 to 0.001. uv However, more broadly, the entire gamut, or other regions of the gamut, may be sampled in this manner.

[0116] It is believed that the hybrid red approach can reliably provide a light source that exceeds the P2 and F3 standards, especially at cooler CCTs. Referring to FIG. 5D, simulation data demonstrates that over 93% of samples with CCTs from 2700K to 3000K achieve P1 performance. In contrast, a similar simulation experiment conducted using the spectrum for a light source without an additional red LED revealed that only 80% of the samples met the P1 standard. Therefore, it can be concluded that the hybrid red light source can facilitate reliable achievement of P1 by a light source at a low CCT.

[0117] luminaire effectiveness According to the DoE Report 2019 Lighting R&D Opportunities (§3.4), luminaire effectiveness is defined as luminaire effectiveness = package effectiveness x derating (droop, power delivery, optical efficiency).

[0118] The light source 118 can be a hybrid of phosphor-converted white LEDs mixed with direct color LEDs, e.g., red, orange, yellow, green, or blue-green LEDs. The following description focuses on an example with a direct red LED. An elongated, phosphor-encapsulated surface mount device (SMD) package can have blue and red emitting dies along with a broadband green phosphor, a broadband orange phosphor, and a narrowband red phosphor. The direct red emitting die provides complementary narrowband red emission at wavelengths that enable a warm white package efficacy of up to 215 lm / W and color rendering P1, F3.

[0119] The ECM 114 is capable of driving the LED die at approximately 30% of the current density of the die design. The heat sink 134 provides a thermal management system for the luminaire 100, allowing the LEDs to be heated by a low thermal resistance package. case Operates at ≦60°C with a total droop of 0.96.

[0120] High efficiency (Gallium Nitride) GaN (Field Effect Transistor) FETs can be used in various power stages including the power supply and can be greater than 95%, greater than 96%, or greater than 97% efficient. The resulting power efficiency is 0.96 x 0.97 = 0.92.

[0121] The optical efficiency (OE) can be 96% or more as stated. When capturing a 2π solid angle source emission with a low angle reflector and immersion coupling with index matching gel from the LED exiting the photon to the surrounding environment, there is only one refractive index changing interface. By removing the optical interface, the Fresnel loss of about 4% per interface can be removed. For example, commercially available LED driver ICs, such as certain ICs from manufacturers like Transphorm (Goleta, CA) or Onsemi (Phoenix, AZ), can have an internal efficiency of 97%. The resulting power efficiency can be greater than 90%, such as 0.96 x 0.97 = 0.92.

[0122] Luminous Flux Output Generally, the luminaire luminous flux output varies depending on the size of the luminaire 100 and other factors, such as operational power, number of LED dies, etc. The exemplary luminaire of FIGS. 2A-2C may be 2 inches by 5 inches by 4 feet and can provide 3600 lumens or more. Light is emitted from both the top and bottom of the luminaire 100. The output from the top of the luminaire is emitted in a distribution such as a 140° bat wing shape to reduce glare and provide a soft indirect light to complement the direct component emitted from the bottom of the fixture. Other distributions of indirect lighting output are possible, such as by appropriate design of the extractor 126.

[0123] A control system allows for adjustment of the direct to indirect light ratio ranging from 30:70 to 70:30, allowing for a more pleasant lighting experience and significant glare reduction such as a Universal Glare Rating (UGR) of 18 or less with the selected ratio. The optical design can provide a sharp cutoff to eliminate angles that contribute to glare. The uplight example design can provide uniform luminance in the plenum / ceiling plane with a gradient of 4:1 or better across a 10 foot plane.

[0124] The direct module 102 and the indirect module 104 may include one or more color sensors. For example, two color sensors may be used to monitor the chromaticity / CCT of both the direct and indirect light emission. Optionally, a third sensor, such as a color sensor in the upper sensor tower 108, may be used to monitor ceiling reflections to mitigate ceiling color shifts.

[0125] Color rendering The luminaire 100 can use a two channel package incorporating either a WW or CW emitter as the first channel and a direct red emitting LED as the second channel. The ability to supplement the red portion of the spectrum with a narrowband source can maximize efficacy while achieving good color rendering standards (P1, F3).

[0126] The use of a direct red emitter overcomes the shortcomings of certain narrowband phosphors by allowing for complementary narrowband red emission at the precise wavelengths required to achieve P1, F3 color rendition without incurring a significant efficacy penalty.

[0127] The optics of the lighting fixture 100 can mix light from all light sources and provide uniform chromaticity with less than 50%, less than 20%, or even less than 10% variation across a properly defined target surface.

[0128] A direct red channel combined with internal optical sampling allows the instrument to compensate for changes in efficiency and wavelength shifts of the red emitter as operating conditions change.

[0129] For example, simulations of the LED die and phosphors used in Nichia's H5 and F1 products show that efficacy of 215lm / W can be achieved at CCT values ​​from 2700K to 5000K, meeting TM-30 P1, F3 requirements.

[0130] chromaticity Chromaticity control (CCT adjustment) can be provided by the use of three color channels: two phosphor-converted color channels and one direct red emission channel. uv can be a metric for the degree of color shift based on the CIE 1976 (u'v') diagram, which is meant to reach a distance in u'v' space proportional to the difference in color perception. The threshold for noticing a color shift is typically D uv = 0.001. By itself, the phosphor conversion channel is D uv It may have nominal CCT values ​​of 3100K and 6300K at >0.005. It is important to note that such phosphor-converted primaries may have a low percentage emission from the red phosphor which improves chromaticity stability over time. The low phosphor-converted red content also allows for more efficient performance of these channels.

[0131] According to the present technology, a red channel can be associated with each phosphor conversion channel, thus shifting the chromaticity and lowering the CCT, and D uv These channels, along with internal optical sampling, allow the instrument to maintain chromaticity stability over time, and D across the entire CCT range. uv It may also be possible to make adjustments.

[0132] The phosphor conversion primaries can be selected by modeling the performance of a particular die and phosphorescent material. In the simulation (see FIG. 5C described above), CCT=2400K-6500K and D uv Over 10,000 spectra were generated with chromaticity coordinates between 0.008 and 0.002. Of these spectra, 60% did not meet at least the P2 and F3 requirements of TM-30. The remaining spectra were compared and analyzed to determine the most effective combination of phosphor and direct red emitter that met the P1 and F3 requirements of TM-30. These results were generalized into models for WW and CW primaries that allowed efficacy levels in excess of 215 lm / W across the entire CCT range from 2700K to 5000K.

[0133] White point adjustment ability The ECM 114 can adjust the white point by mixing two independently controlled hot and cool LED channels along with two independently controlled red and blue LED sub-channels.

[0134] The microcontroller (MCU) determines the chromaticity requirements and D uv It may be used in the luminaire 100 to add sub-channel red and blue content as needed so that requirements are met across the entire white tunable range. Such an MCU can be configured to generate two pulse width modulated (PWM) outputs, which can then be low-pass filtered and then applied to the respective LED channels. The PWM values ​​range from 0 (fully off or reverse) to 512 (fully on or reverse). The current control by the step size is therefore 1 / 512=0.2%. This allows for mixing of each channel with a relatively high degree of precision, since the intensity of the LEDs is directly proportional to the current.

[0135] Color temperature stability can be further enhanced with a high dynamic range (250M:1) color sensor IC (https: / / ams.com / as73211) optically coupled to the light guide 122 for optical mixing and extraction of the LEDs. The near-field CCT is read by the MCU, which uses it to trim each channel as needed to offset CCT drift due to LED heat and degradation. The color sensor itself uses a novel thin-film based CIE 1931 interference filter, which eliminates drift due to filter aging and UV-induced filter degradation. Other color sensors that use die-based filters are prone to drift and / or lack sufficient dynamic range.

[0136] The luminaire 100 may be configured to keep the temperature of the LEDs below 60° C., such as through a heat sink 134, a cover 116, or both. Chromaticity may be maintained by spectral addition of the mentioned sub-channel (e.g., red) LEDs as needed across a tunable range, along with closed-loop CCT sensing using high dynamic range, low drift sensors.

[0137] Glare Control Glare is a human response to a set of physical conditions. There are two main sources of glare that the technology herein addresses. The first source is high intensity light directed toward the observer's eyes. The second source is a high contrast between the light from the luminaire 100 and the light from the surrounding environment.

[0138] For direct lighting, the optics may be configured to shape the light beam with a sharp cutoff to homogenize the illumination of the target surface. For indirect lighting, the luminaire 100 may be configured to provide uplighting. For indirect lighting, the luminaire 100 may be configured to provide adjustable uplighting that can be adapted to the lighting needs of the moment. Indirect lighting can help create a pleasant and productive work environment and reduce glare from contrast.

[0139] For beam shaping, the optical system includes a combination of compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) injection optics and a light guide to control and maintain etendue. Such an optical system can be configured to provide a beam free of stray light that enters the observer's eye at angles typically considered glare. The optical system may use large castellations at the exit of the light guide to reduce small angle beam emission. Baffles or external reflectors may be used to provide a sharp beam cutoff angle, but at the expense of reduced optical efficiency.

[0140] The optical system may be configured to provide uplighting with a beam distribution with no light below a small angle, such as 3 degrees, 4 degrees, 5 degrees, 6 degrees, or other angles above the horizontal, such that the uplighting does not contribute to glare. Properly directing some uplighting to properly illuminate the ceiling adjacent to the luminaire 100 further reduces glare by reducing the ratio between the luminance of the luminaire and the luminance of the background. Such glare may be controlled, providing a Unified Glare Rating (UGR) of 18, 17, 16, 15, or even less than 15. Uplighting may also provide a pleasant indirect source of illumination from the ceiling / plenum.

[0141] Temporal Light Modulation (TLM) The channels of the LED package can be driven by a high-performance switching-mode driver IC (https: / / www.onsemi.com / pdf / datasheet / ncl31000-d.pdf), which provides a constant current source.

[0142] The switching frequency of the driver IC may be set at about 500 kHz. This is a good frequency because the required inductors and other components can be physically small and switching artifacts can be easily filtered out. However, a potential drawback to operation at high frequencies is electromagnetic interference (EMI). To mitigate EMI, the driver IC operates in "spread spectrum" mode. In this mode, the 500 kHz switching frequency is periodically shifted by up to ±3%. Thus, the switching noise artifacts range from 485 kHz to 515 kHz, with small second and third harmonics near 1 MHz and 1.5 MHz. Such frequencies are two orders of magnitude larger than the upper frequency definition for stroboscopic visualization measurements (SVM) and flickering, and do not contribute to TLM.

[0143] A microcontrol unit (MCU) can be used to control the drive current of each LED channel using pulse width modulation (PWM). The MCU can be configured to generate two fixed 2.048kHz square wave signals with variable duty cycles. Such PWM signals can then be converted to smooth analog control voltages by passing them through a two-pole low-pass filter. The example luminaire can use a two-pole filter to better filter transients and suppress harmonic generation due to the fast rise and fall of the digital signal. The resulting analog control voltages are fed into the analog control inputs of the driver IC for dimming and white / color adjustment.

[0144] A 2.048kHz PWM signal is the fundamental modulation frequency, but SVMs are typically only scaled to a maximum of 2kHz (Miller, Naomi, "Flicker Metrics and other Quandaries", PNNL 2019). A plot of SVM speed vs. PWM speed using a Fourier expansion for a square wave suggests that our SVM is 0.25 (Wood, Mike, "Flicker, stroboscopic effect, and SVM", Figure 3, 2021).

[0145] Dimming Range As stated, dimming can be managed by the MCU, which can generate two 2.048kHz signals with variable PWM duty cycle, one to set the intensity of the WW LED channel and the other to set the intensity of the CW LED channel.

[0146] The MCU may be configured to determine the duty cycle of each of the two PWM signals based on a 9-bit binary counter. Each counter may have a range from 0 (e.g., fully off) to 511 (e.g., fully on). The minimum change in the counter is 1 in 512, which is 0.2%.

[0147] The MCU can provide the PWM signal as a variable width 3.3V square wave signal with a frequency of 2.048kHz. LED driver ICs (e.g., NCL31000 and NCL31001 from ON Semiconductor, Phoenix, AZ) can be used to provide two dimming control options. The highest resolution option is to provide an analog voltage input to the dimming control that ranges from 0V to 2.4V. To achieve this, each digital PWM signal can be converted to a smooth, continuously variable analog voltage by passing the signal through a two-pole low-pass filter circuit and then scaling it to produce 2.4V (fully on) when the PWM signal is 100%.

[0148] Per the datasheet, the mentioned driver IC is capable of deep dimming down to zero (0%) with an accuracy of 0.1% when operated in high-resolution analog control mode. The limiting factor for the resolution is the step size of the PWM channel, which is 1 in 512 or 0.2%. To take into account small nonlinearities in the I / V curves of the low-pass filters and LEDs, tolerances of component values, and other sources of error, the effective resolution can be limited to 0.4%.

[0149] To preserve chromaticity / white point, each of the WW and CW LED channels can be augmented with one or more additional channels, such as red LEDs or optionally other LEDs. To this end, the MCU selectively adds these secondary spectral components as needed across the luminaire's white tunable range.

[0150] Additionally, a high dynamic range, low drift charge-coupled transistor sensor can optionally be coupled to the mixed LED light as part of a feedback loop.

[0151] Lighting Control System 6 illustrates various aspects of connecting and networking a lighting control system 600. The lighting control system 600 may include an electronic control module (ECM) 502, such as the ECM 114. The ECM 502 may be connected to an uplight optical module 504, such as for indirect lighting, and a downlight optical module 506, such as for direct lighting.

[0152] The ECM 502 can include various sensors, such as color sensors 508a, 508b, and 508c, and temperature sensors 514a and 514b. The color sensors 508 can use thin-film interference based on CIE 1931 or DIN 5033, providing little or no filter drift over temperature and time. The color sensor 508a can provide a large dynamic range, such as 250M:1, and sensitivity, which can enable closed-loop control. The color sensor 508a can be, for example, an ams AS7321 digital XYZ color sensor. The ECM 114 can store data collected by the sensors for use in evaluating performance and determining operating parameters.

[0153] The ECM 502 may also include a voltage regulator 516 and a real-time clock 524 connected to a supercapacitor 526 .

[0154] The ECM 502 may include various integrated circuits (ICs), such as a monitoring IC 510, LED driver ICs 522A, 522B, 522c, 522d, and an ambient light sensor IC 512. The monitoring IC 510 may generate a 12-bit voltage measurement and a 12-bit current measurement, providing a 24-bit power result with a small error, such as 1.5% total unadjusted error. The monitoring sensors may be analog devices, such as, for example, the LTC2945 wide range high precision power monitoring IC.

[0155] The LED driver IC522 can provide high efficiency such as 97% per manufacturer datasheet, can step down, can integrate diagnostics and fault detection, can be dimmed to zero with 0.2% accuracy, can have switched mode power supply (SMPS frequency) at 500kHz, spread spectrum, and pulse width modulation (PWM) such as fundamental transmission line matrix (TLM) above 2kHz.

[0156] The ECM may include a radio 538 that may be based on a 64 MHz ARM Cortex-M4. The radio 538 may be multi-protocol, such as an 802.15.4 radio (Thread, BTS), may have 512KB of flash memory and 128KM of RAM memory, may have low quiescent and transmit power, and may be an OpenThread certified component. The radio 538 may be, for example, a Nordic Semiconductor nRF52833 ARM MCU with a multi-protocol radio.

[0157] Within the ECM 502, MOSFETs 520a, 520b, 520c, and 520d may be connected to the cool LED bank 528a, the hot LED bank 530a, the cool LED bank 528b, and the hot LED bank 530b, respectively. The MOSFETs may have relatively high efficiency.

[0158] A light pipe 526a can be connected to an ambient light sensor IC 512, which can be used for daylight harvesting and infrared and ultraviolet blocking, and can have exceptional dynamic range and sensitivity. The ambient light sensor IC 512 can be, for example, an ams TSL2572.

[0159] Also, the PIR sensor 536 can use an ASIC to reduce false triggers and can have a flat lens for a smooth luminaire appearance. The PIR sensor 536 can be, for example, a Panasonic EKMC161011 PIR sensor.

[0160] Light pipe 526b can measure the color and luminance of light reflected from the surrounding environment, such as a ceiling, and can be used to shift the color of the ceiling. Light pipes 526c and 526d can guide light to the optics of uplight optical module 504 and downlight optical module 506, respectively.

[0161] The uplight optical module 504 and the downlight optical module 506 each include a temperature sensor, such as temperature sensors 514c and 514d, such as a Microchip MCP9808, one or more cool color LED banks, such as cool color LED banks 528a and 528b, and one or more warm color LED banks, such as warm color LED banks 530a and 530b, respectively.

[0162] Each of the cool LED banks 528a and 528b may have a respective blue light boost section, such as blue boost sections 532a and 532b. Microprocessor controlled sub-channels of selected blue and red LEDs may provide an SPD "add-in" to achieve color quality metrics over the 2700-5000K range.

[0163] Each of the warm color LED banks 530a and 530b may have a respective red light enhancement section, such as red enhancement section 534a and 534b. The downlight optical module 506 may also have an authentication IC 534, which may be a robust Internet of Things (IoT) authentication device, to ensure the downlight optical module 506 as certified for use in the luminaire, e.g., to prevent dangerous low efficacy "knockoffs." The authentication IC 534 may include 2KB of non-volatile memory with factory-programmed LED specific information, optics, lens type, etc., and may store accumulated operating time. An API may query the stored time, LED type, lens type, etc. The authentication IC 534 may be, for example, an Infineon SLE95402 safety authentication IC.

[0164] In some implementations, the entire ECM 502, each of the uplight and downlight optical modules 504, 506, including, for example, LEDs and optics, or a combination thereof, is field replaceable.

[0165] Error Detection and Diagnosis The lighting control system 600 is configured to identify and report errors in the system, such as, for example, device / equipment errors, loss of network communication, or other errors. Such errors may be reported to a building operator or the like, or may be made automatically available.

[0166] For example, faults and warnings for LEDs can be signaled to the MCU by an appropriate component such as an LED driver IC 522, such as the NCL31001 driver IC. Each LED channel can have its own driver IC. Such an IC can have several (e.g., nine) status monitoring bits that are set when specific conditions are met. Some LED faults can be thermal shutdown, LED open, and LED overcurrent. These generate interrupt signals to the MCU. A warning signal for each channel can be generated when programmed limits are exceeded for driver temperature, LED PCB temperature, for example, temperature sensors per channel, LED thermal shutdown, LED overvoltage, LED undervoltage, and LED overcurrent average. Other temperature sensors 514 can be near the FET transistors and can be read by the MCU. The MCU can have an on-die temperature sensor. The sensor can be sampled at regular intervals and qualified via bounds checks.

[0167] The LED driver IC 522 may include a high-precision 10-bit ADC that can read the voltage and current of its LED channels every 100 milliseconds.

[0168] Status bits for each LED channel, along with other information such as periodic V / I measurements, can be stored in 32Mbit flash memory in the luminaire along with network status and energy usage data. This can be used to provide long term (e.g., 29 months) rolling trends and fault / alarm history for predictive maintenance (PM) applications.

[0169] Additionally, each LED package can be equipped with a suitable (e.g., 2Kbit) memory device for storing life characteristics (total operating hours, LED component type, and binary data). A commercially available example is the Optiga™ Authenticate S device from Infineon (Munich, Germany).

[0170] In combination, the luminaire trend data and LED characteristics can be used to form a dataset that can be periodically sent to a Border Router (BR). For data analysis, the BR can use pre-trained TensorFlow models (see, e.g., https: / / www.tensorflow.org) to evaluate the dataset, perform interference processing, and issue forward PM alerts via its API.

[0171] Luminaire-level lighting control The ambient light sensor IC 512 may include an occupancy sensor and / or an ambient light sensor. Such sensors may be integrated directly into or embedded in the luminaire, such as in the lower sensor tower 106, during manufacture or assembly. For example, a luminaire may have an embedded occupancy sensor, an embedded ambient light sensor (ALS), and two embedded high dynamic range CCT color sensors.

[0172] An example of a motion sensor can be a PIR sensor 536, such as the Panasonic EKMB1201113 (Panasonic Industrial Devices, Newark, NJ). Such sensors offer high immunity to false triggering and offer low power consumption. Such sensors are small, have flat lenses, and can be unobtrusively integrated into the lighting fixture. Such sensors have a detection range of approximately 5 m.

[0173] An example of an ambient light sensor (ALS) could be the TSL25721 IC (available from ams-OSRAM AG, Austria) which has a very high dynamic range (from a dark room to 60K lux sunlight). Its spectral response curve approximates the response of the human eye, the sensor rejects infrared and ultraviolet light, is only 2mm x 2mm in size, and can go into a "sleep mode" for very low power operation.

[0174] An example of a charge-coupled transfer sensor could be the AS73211 (available from ams-OSRAM AG, Austria), an IC that can provide closed-loop color control of both uplights and downlights. This sensor offers high dynamic range (250M:1) and stability. This sensor uses thin-film based CIE 1931 interference filters to eliminate filter aging, drift, and UV-induced degradation. Other color sensors may be used, but die-based filters are prone to drift, lack of sufficient dynamic range, or both.

[0175] Such sensors may be included in one or more electronic control modules 114 (ECMs) inside the exemplary lighting fixture 100. The ECM 114 is a circuit board that may include all or a portion of the electronics necessary to operate the lighting fixture 100, e.g., not including an LED assembly. The lighting fixture 100 may include one ECM, regardless of its size, or multiple ECMs. For example, depending on the length, the lighting fixture 100 may include one, two, three, four or more light sources 118, each with a respective ECM 114. Multiple ECMs may provide multiple ALS and PIR sensors distributed along the length of an elongated lighting fixture, thereby providing more granular daylight capture and human presence detection.

[0176] Sensor Readiness and Upgradability The electronic control module (ECM) 114 in the luminaire 100 may include an MCU along with charge-coupled transport sensor, ambient light sensor, occupancy detection, and temperature sensor components. Additional sensors may be integrated directly inside the example luminaire. An example ECM may provide one or more high-speed digital buses (e.g., "I2C" and / or "SPI" etc.) on-board. Such a configuration allows additional sensor modules to be added to the luminaire during manufacturing, such as via an internal connector with pins. Examples of additional sensors include CO2 sensors, CO sensors, microphones for glass breakage detection, vibration sensors, etc.

[0177] The luminaire 100 can be configured to operate the luminaire communication, control and sensing electronics external to the LEDs with a small amount of power. A prototype system has demonstrated consumption of less than 120 milliwatts. Nevertheless, the luminaire 100 may include a D4i interface. However, based on ANSI C137.4-2019, an additional 3.0 watts average and 6.0 W peak are required for the D4i power supply. Additionally, D4i sensors, such as those for ambient light, temperature, occupancy detection, etc., included readily available electronic components that are often more cost-effective to integrate directly into the luminaire circuitry. Integrating the sensor components directly also reduces the overall component count and therefore increases reliability.

[0178] Lumen Maintenance The luminaire 100 can be configured to maintain 70% of its initial light output for at least 50,000 hours. Lumen maintenance is dependent on two factors: drive current and case temperature (T case It is known that the LED package is controlled by its test / bin current and T case = 85°C, L70 values ​​of greater than 50,000 hours (e.g., greater than 60,000 hours, greater than 70,000 hours, greater than 80,000 hours) and L90 values ​​of greater than 36,000 hours (e.g., greater than 40,000 hours, greater than 50,000 hours) can be achieved.

[0179] The use of standard LED die, encapsulant, phosphor, and package materials in the new package configuration is expected to achieve the same reliability performance (lumen maintenance and color stability) when operated at the same die current and LED case temperature. Luminous flux maintenance for LED packages operated at an LED case temperature of 85° C. and binning / test current consistently achieves L70>50,000 hours (e.g., 60,000 hours or more, 70,000 hours or more, 80,000 hours or more), L90>36,000 hours (e.g., 40,000 hours or more, 50,000 hours or more), and Δu'v'<0.002 over 6,000 hours (e.g., 8,000 hours or more, 10,000 hours or more).

[0180] The lighting fixture 100 can provide low thermal resistance and can operate the LED die at less than rated drive currents, such as at or below 50%, 40%, 30%, or 28% of the standard design current.

[0181] In conjunction with the structural components of the example luminaire, which also serve as heat dissipation elements, the case temperature can be 60° C. or less.

[0182] Chromaticity maintenance Lighting fixture 100 may be configured to maintain chromaticity below a particular level, calculated as the distance between a coordinate pair on the CIE 1976 (u',v') diagram, such as 0.002 or less, over the first 6,000 hours (e.g., 8,000 hours or more, 10,000 hours or more) of operation.

[0183] Similar to lumen maintenance, color maintenance depends on the drive current and case temperature of the LED package. Lower drive current and lower case temperature can increase the color maintenance time.

[0184] Additionally, luminaire 100 can provide an internal optical sampling and control system that can enable adjustment of the spectral content based on feedback and provide the ability to compensate for changes in red emitter efficiency and wavelength shift due to changes in drive current and operating temperature. This allows the system to precisely adjust the CCT of the emitted light and provide consistent D across the CCT range. uv It is also possible to maintain =-0.003±0.001.

[0185] White point shift due to aging The white point, specifically the correlated color temperature, or more broadly the chromaticity of the light provided by a light source, can shift over time. In addition to operating temperature, drive current, etc., such shifts typically occur due to aging of the light source and its components. Aging can be described as the cumulative effect of operating conditions on the components of the light source over time. Examples of effects can be chemical reactions and physical effects on the light emitting diode die, encapsulant binders, phosphors, delamination, cracking, introducing additional optical interfaces, or combinations thereof. Such effects can be mitigated by combining multiple light sources and compensating for the effects of aging such that the mixed light of the combination exhibits a smaller white point shift than the light provided by any of the individual light sources by themselves.

[0186] Driver Life The lighting fixture 100 may be configured to operate the drive system, including the drive IC, such as via the power wiring 112, at temperatures below the rated temperature.

[0187] Good efficiency provides less heat and extends life. Luminaire 100 may include a two-stage driver architecture. The first stage may be a Class 2 42VDC supply feeding up to 25 luminaire zones. The second stage may be a high efficiency, high frequency, "buck" topology constant current driver internal to each luminaire. So, in this example, the projected lifetime of the effect is based on both stages.

[0188] It is known that the main heat source in the associated supplies used in both mentioned stages are field effect transistors (FETs). Gallium nitride (GaN) FETs can be used in place of conventional silicon FETs found in common SSL drivers. GaN FETs are significantly more efficient than silicon FETs, operate at lower temperatures (up to 20% cooler), and are more reliable. GaN FETs are available from manufacturers such as Transphorm (https: / / www.transphormusa.com / en / ). Based on design criteria including high reliability capacitors, a lifetime of over 80,000 hours can be expected at a calibration point temperature of 65°C.

[0189] The second internal driver stage can also use GaN FETs. The LED channels in the example luminaire can be configured to operate near the supply voltage from the first stage of about 42V. For example, the drive voltage can be 8-10V below 42V to mitigate heat dissipation in the second stage. Driver ICs such as the OnSemi NCL31001 provide high reliability and integration. With low component count and high reliability capacitors, driver lifetimes of 50k, 60k, 70k, 80k, or even more can be expected at a calibration point temperature of 65°C.

[0190] Interchangeable Components Components of the luminaire 100 may be field replaceable. Such components may include the direct optics module 102 and the indirect optics module 104 (optics, LED board, heat sink), as well as the electronics module (ECM 114, electronic control module (ECM) board, sensors, sensor tower). Incorporating components into modules may provide easy maintenance while the luminaire 100 is still installed in situ. Modules may be configured to be easily accessed and replaced. Power and communication connections for the optics and electronics modules may be made via pogo pins, plugs, or other connectors.

[0191] The ECMs in the luminaire example can communicate wirelessly via OpenThread, which provides the ability for each ECM to automatically become a "router" and commission new "end devices" onto the network as needed, making it possible to replace electronic modules or add or move luminaires seamlessly.

[0192] Similarly, the optics may be modular. Optical and electronic modules may be configured for easy replacement / upgrade in the field, further extending the useful life of the luminaire. Optical modules may be interchanged to provide different orientations without further replacement or modification.

[0193] Easy-to-degrade design (DfD) Lighting fixture 100 can be configured to integrate components into easily handled modules positioned for easy access and disassembly without encumbrance. For example, electrical connectors can be replaced with pogo pins, reducing overall precision work.

[0194] Modular luminaire configurations can simplify maintenance and upgradeability in the field, and can also simplify disassembly and end-of-life (EOL) processes. The modular design allows the same process to be used along the entire length of the pendant fixture, and subassemblies may have their own disassembly lines. Such disassembly can streamline personnel training, simplify layout for facilities, and allow for dedicated modular disassembly lines. Disassembly instructions can be included on the luminaire 100 itself, via a label, booklet, or otherwise.

[0195] To simplify DfD, the number of materials used in luminaire 100 may be kept low. For example, rather than mixing materials, the design may use aluminum throughout. This may reduce the number of parts that need to be destroyed and may reduce the number of materials that need to be salvaged / recycled.

[0196] technical interoperability The lighting control system allows for the control of one or more appropriately connected lighting fixtures via a network. The network includes a border router to one or more lighting fixtures. The lighting control system can be controlled from outside the network via the border router.

[0197] 7 illustrates an environment 700 for APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) and internet domain reservation for a lighting system. The environment 700 may include an API 702, an API proxy 728, and a lighting control system 704. The lighting control system 704 may include multiple lighting fixtures, such as lighting fixtures 712a, 712b, and 712c, and a network connection 714. The lighting control system 704 may be “in situ,” such as in a museum or a home. The lighting control system 704 may be an example of the lighting control system 600.

[0198] The lighting fixtures 712a-712c can be any of the lighting fixtures described in this disclosure and can be installed in the "field," such as in a business or residence. Each lighting fixture can include a warm and cool LED uplight module and a warm and cool LED downlight module with secure authentication and NVRAM ICs. In some implementations, the downlight module can include a secure authentication device that can ensure that the downlight optical module is certified for use in the lighting fixture, and can avoid unsafe low-efficacy clones, for example. The downlight module can store a non-volatile memory program with LED-specific information, such as optics and lens information. The downlight module can also store operational data, such as accumulated operating hours, LED type, and lens type, that can be altered by the API 702.

[0199] The lighting control system 704 may include one or more network interfaces 718 incorporated into the lighting fixtures 712a, 712b, 712c, or other components of the lighting control system, to enable the exchange of data within or outside the lighting control system.

[0200] The interface 718 may comprise a wired connection, a Wi-Fi, an Ethernet interface, or a combination thereof. Such an interface 718 may use IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee, 6LoWPAN), Bluetooth Mesh, Power over Ethernet (PoE), e.g., Class 8 End Device (PD), or other network technologies.

[0201] Wi-Fi may be used, but it is optimized for higher bandwidth and therefore involves higher power consumption. Wi-Fi typically requires a microprocessor with more power and memory resources than are necessary for the functionality of the luminaire, which increases power consumption. In a space where many people, devices, or both are using Wi-Fi, the presence of additional nodes can increase the initial delays that devices face when locating access points during the 802.11 network discovery process. Because Wi-Fi is pervasive and operates over long distances, this creates an "attack surface" for bad actors to compromise the network.

[0202] Bluetooth Mesh is suitable for retrofitting and requires little power. Bluetooth Mesh can communicate over long distances because messages can "hop" from node to node. However, this is accomplished by "controlled flooding", where each node relays the message to its neighbors. This increases the overhead and latency of multi-hop messages. The delay for four hops can exceed 0.6 seconds (https: / / bit.ly / CE_OTL), which is undesirable for lighting.

[0203] Zigbee or Z-Wave may be used, but may have similar latency as BLE Mesh with improved routing. Although also found in some lighting or home automation products, neither is widely supported by current smartphones or laptops, which reduces the options available for users to interact with lighting fixtures. Z-Wave is proprietary and limited to four hops.

[0204] Network connectivity 714 may include an OpenThread network 716 (see, e.g., https: / / www.silabs.com / documents / public / application-notes / an1142-mesh-network-performance-comparison.pdf). OpenThread is built on IEEE 802.15.4 (based on 6LowPAN / IPV6), has low latency, supports routing, provides security and resiliency, and is easily integrated into the Internet via Border Routers 726 (BRs). OpenThread network 716 may be self-healing, fully routed with no flooding, jave 802.15.4 standard security, may consume relatively little power, and may be supported by Google, Apple, Qualcomm, and TI.

[0205] The BR 726 can implement Ethernet and DALI interfaces. Nodes in the lighting control system 704, such as the individual luminaires 613a-613c, can also operate in Bluetooth mode for on-site commissioning.

[0206] Application Interoperability The lighting control system 704 may include an Application Programming Interface (API) 702 for application level interoperability. The API 702 may provide access to: 1) occupancy data for zones and individual luminaires; 2) zone characteristics including luminaires within the zone and identification characteristics for the zone (room name, space type, etc.); 3) Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD) data; and 4) energy reporting data. Optionally, the FDD data and the energy reporting data may be matched. The API 702 may include developer documentation with authentication instructions, API resource instructions with all endpoints, error codes, and debugging instructions, an up-to-date change log, and terms of use.

[0207] The technology can use a RESTful API interface. This can be implemented by a processing unit 720, for example as a Linux-based device, such as industrial grade Freescale I.MX6 embedded Linux, and in an OpenThread border router (BR) 726 that can run at the edge of the lighting control system 704. The luminaires 712a-712c can be configured to communicate information, such as their resources and methods, with the BR 726 via the API. Such information can include zone and occupancy data, signatures, FDD data, and total energy reporting data.

[0208] The BR 726 can bridge the OpenThread network 716 in the lighting control system 704 to the Internet and can provide OpenADR2.0b functionality and API services. The BR device can be powered by a commercially available UL listed 12VDC low current PSU or other suitable power supply.

[0209] In some implementations, the BR726 uses TensorFlow Lite's Predictive Maintenance model on-device, implements physical legacy interfaces 722 such as the DALI-2 and 0-10 interfaces, provides visibility into legacy interfaces 722 such as DALI address mapping to the luminaire's native IPv6 address, coordinates multi-luminaire lighting control strategies and accesses external API resources when used in those strategies, provides web-based local lighting control strategy definition and a system management "dashboard" for facility managers, and uses industrial-class MPUs and components with a relatively long-term support commitment rather than the educationally focused "Raspberry Pi", "Maker", or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the BR626 is delivered in a ruggedized aluminum housing measuring 3" x 5" x 2".

[0210] External API "consumers" (utility companies, internet service providers, facility managers, content / information aggregators, and hardware or software manufacturers) access the network through a cloud service provider, such as Amazon API Gateway, as an API proxy 728, instead of directly accessing the building. The API proxy 728 issues tokens to trusted entities, such as utilities or ISOs, enforces quotas, prevents throttling, and manages audit logs. The API proxy 728 provides traffic management, CORS support, authentication and access control, throttling, monitoring, quota enforcement, audit logs, and API versioning. API clients 706 may include facility managers, utilities, ISOs, etc.

[0211] The API 702 may include extended resources 708 from similar or identical lighting systems in other rooms and buildings that have been pre-certified for use with the lighting control strategies, for example API access to local occupancy sensors, daylight sensors, and DALI-2 controls.

[0212] The API 702 may include additional API resources 710 that are pre-approved for use in lighting control strategies, such as the National Weather Service's Severe Weather alert API.

[0213] The API contract can be defined using OpenAPI (OAS 3.0). The benefit of using OAS is that it streamlines the rendering and versioning of documentation, which is visualized using the open source Swagger UI. Swagger UI is also a platform for authorized client-side developers to make API requests and validate responses before integrating it into their own code base. To support a wide range of smart building operators, the lighting control system 704 can be configured to support a wide variety of languages ​​and frameworks for control. For example, Codegen 3 may be used to help generate API client libraries (SDKs) and server stubs. This can greatly simplify client-side integration and adoption of the technology.

[0214] The lighting control system 704 may be configured to provide the API 702 with enhanced value for lighting designers / planners by providing ad-hoc lighting distribution maps for a building. For example, the components of the luminaire 712 may be field replaceable modules. End users may be given the option to install modules with different light distributions in the luminaire 712 based on their specific requirements. Such modules may include one or more factory programmed memory devices with light distribution pattern information, grounding dates, and other information. Such data may be exposed to the API 702 as read-only information.

[0215] Addressability The lighting control system 704 may be configured to allow for unique identification and / or addressing of one or more of its components. The lighting control system 704 may further allow for configuration and reconfiguration of devices and may control zones independent of electrical circuitry.

[0216] As stated, the lighting control network can use an OpenThread network 716 (see, for example, https: / / www.threadgroup.org / What-is-Thread / Overview) based on IEEE 802.15.4 and using 6LowPAN for its upper layers and addressing scheme. OpenThread provides a 3.4×10 38 It is based on IPv6, which provides a 128-bit addressing scheme with 1 unique address.

[0217] The luminaires 712, border routers 726, and other components of the lighting control system 704 may be configured with unique IPv6 addresses. With IPv6 addressing, each device may be individually identified, controlled, and configured regardless of their electrical circuitry.

[0218] IPv6 addressing allows easy interconnection of lighting control systems 704 with the Internet via border routers 726 and their APIs 702. When lighting assets are securely accessed over the Internet, there need not be any restrictions regarding room, building, or geolocation.

[0219] The lighting control system 704 may be configured to interface with legacy controls 722, such as DALI controls, present in many buildings. DALI uses a different addressing scheme and is limited to 64 unique device addresses. To facilitate DALI control, a border router 726 may be configured with a DALI interface and uses a lookup table to map the DALI address to a native IPv6 address for each luminaire 712a-712c. In this approach, such luminaires 712 may be assigned a unique IPv6 address and a locally assigned DALI proxy address for the purpose of interfacing with DALI devices.

[0220] Energy Report The lighting control system 704 can be configured to separately report energy usage for the lighting fixtures 712 and other components of the lighting control system. Energy data can be reported for specific intervals, such as 15 minutes or less, and can be reported via one or more of the network interfaces mentioned. The lighting control system 704 may be able to store data for specific periods of time, such as 24 months. The lighting control system 704 can use automated energy measurements and can report the accuracy of the data provided, and the methodology for determining accuracy should be documented.

[0221] At the luminaire level, voltage and current measurements can be performed using a 12-bit delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter, such as monitor IC 510, with a total unadjusted error of less than ±0.75% per the IC manufacturer's datasheet (LTC2945 Power Monitor IC, Analog Devices, Wilmington, MA). This can produce a 24-bit power result at a total unadjusted error of ±1.50%.

[0222] Such power data may be formatted as a 32-byte record along with additional measurements (forward voltage and temperature of each LED channel, driver FET temperature, network status, occupancy and light sensor information, or other information) and timestamps. Such records may be stored at specific intervals, such as every 10 minutes, at each luminaire and / or other locations. The 32-byte records may be stored in a 32Mbit serial flash memory device. This may provide 29 months of energy usage data. A 32Mbit memory stores 4,194,304 bytes. A month of 32-byte records requires 140,160 bytes. 4,194,304 / 140,160=29.9 months. The memory may be managed by the MCU as a circular data structure such that after 29.9 months of data, each new record overwrites the oldest record.

[0223] Historical energy consumption and device level "health data" records may be made available to an API via an OpenThread Border Router (BR) in the network. By storing the information in the luminaire, the luminaire can be freely relocated, for example between different buildings, or taken offline, without the need to update records in the BR. Previously used luminaires may be configured to allow for erasure of data when commissioned onto a new network.

[0224] Each luminaire may be equipped with a real-time clock 524 to initiate storing sequences and timestamp data, such as by sending an appropriate signal to the microcontroller. This may be used to increase reliability. If a sequence is initiated via a command sent by the BR 726, it will be subject to a network disturbance. With the timestamp, records can continue to be collected and recorded during the network disturbance.

[0225] Lighting Control Strategy The lighting control system 704 may be configured to provide task coordination, scheduling, occupancy sensing, daylight capture, and / or other lighting control strategies while allowing manual control of lighting by occupants of the building.

[0226] The MCU in the luminaire can execute one or more local lighting strategies either independently or under the supervision of a Border Router (BR) device at the edge of the network, such as the BR 726. Lighting control strategies and schedules are provisioned and managed via the API 702.

[0227] Different luminaires or groups of luminaires may follow different lighting control strategies. Groups of luminaires in the network may be downloaded to the luminaires by the BR 726, stored in the luminaire's on-board flash memory, such as memory 518, and executed locally as needed. This can provide resilience in the event of network or BR disturbances.

[0228] Resources on the luminaire available to the luminaire's MCU may include a low drift NTP synchronized real-time clock (RTC), such as the real-time clock 524, ambient light measurements, CCT measurements, power consumption data, and occupancy detection data. Additionally, the BR726 can provide a DALI 2 compliant wired interface implemented at the BR for full manual control.

[0229] Additional resources available to the luminaire's MCU may include a) one or more measurements made by other luminaires in the same network, b) one or more measurements made by luminaire networks in other rooms, buildings, etc., via their API, and / or c) off-premise resources that may be provided by the BR726 via API702 calls over the Internet, such as local weather conditions to determine outside temperature and cloudiness. A properly configured lighting control system may follow one or more lighting strategies. One example is sequentially brightening and dimming a path along a hallway in front of a moving occupant (e.g., strategy efficacy sensor data from adjacent luminaires), a second example is task coordination based on movement across rooms and floors, weather, energy costs, etc., and a third example is leveraging DALI-2 control devices on a main floor to manually control multiple rooms and groups over the network.

[0230] System resilience The lighting control system 704 may be configured to mitigate loss of connectivity to the Internet. Mitigation may allow partial or complete operation of lighting control strategies (task coordination, scheduling, occupancy detection, daylight harvesting, manual control, etc.). The lighting control system 704 may be configured to continue operating in a pre-programmed state prior to loss of network connectivity. The lighting control system 704 may be configured to resume lighting control strategies for a specified period of time following loss of connectivity to power, for example up to 48 hours. The lighting control system 704 may be configured to retain one or more lighting control strategies upon loss of power.

[0231] A luminaire may be configured to continue executing its configured lighting control strategy during loss of connection to the next higher element, which is a Border Router (BR) device, such as BR726.

[0232] The lighting control strategy assigned to the luminaire can be transmitted by the BR 726 and stored in an on-board flash memory, such as memory 518 within the luminaire, which provides 10 years of data retention.

[0233] The MCU in the luminaire can be a low-power MCU to execute its lighting control strategy. Resources on the luminaire available to the MCU to implement the lighting control strategy can include a NTP synchronized real-time clock (RTC) with low drift (±2 minutes per year) and leap year correction, sensors for ambient light, CCT measurements, and power consumption data, as well as occupancy detection data. During a power outage event, the RTC can continue to operate for more than 90 hours via a trickle-charged supercapacitor.

[0234] The lighting control system 704 can allow luminaire firmware updates to be applied remotely over the network to improve or update functionality. When updating, the MCU may be unavailable for a short period of time, such as 30 seconds, to control the luminaire. Therefore, the MCU can be configured to first issue a command to the LED driver IC to save the current brightness value in a hardware register of the driver IC, which takes control before the MCU initiates the update or reboot process. This can be done without any apparent interruption to the operation of the luminaire. Once the update process is complete, the MCU can re-establish direct control of the LED driver.

[0235] Grid Service Capabilities The lighting control system 704 may be configured to reduce its energy consumption temporarily, in a predetermined manner, in response to a signal (i.e., a signal from a utility) without manual intervention and / or other methods. Methods for configuring the lighting control system's response associated with such conditions may be accessible through a user interface. The lighting control system may use OpenADR 2.0b functionality that may be provided by a border router (BR) 726 using openLEADR (see, e.g., https: / / www.lfenergy.org / projects / openleadr / ).

[0236] The BR726 can be configured to provide a dashboard via the UA to define the system's Demand Response (DR) logic. This can include the ability to configure DR price signals and other event responses, as well as "named group" responses that can be mapped to specific user-defined sets of lighting fixtures. Group responses can be conditioned by sensors embedded in the lighting fixtures in the network and / or by a supplied enumeration of external APIs (e.g., APIs for current weather and important alerts).

[0237] The lighting control system 704 may be configured to allow authorized occupants direct access to the BR via an IP address or URL from a browser. The BR renders the dashboard as a set of web pages, including user help information. Transport Layer Security (TLS) may be used to secure the traffic. The BR 726 may be configured to record user sessions and client IP addresses. Such records can be queried through a limited set of API calls for auditing purposes.

[0238] The dashboard allows the user to place luminaires in a named group, such as "Room B3". A default can be set, for example, all luminaires can respond to the configured DR logic for the network. A group may be configured with its own DR logic that takes precedence over the default rule. The slope rate may be configurable. If the group is set to ignore DR events, the BR 726 can be configured to not request a response. A named group may be configured to respond conditionally. For such purposes, the UI may be configured to make the group "eligible" for a DR event through one or a set of daylight and occupancy sensors embedded in one or more luminaires in the lighting control system. Sensors in luminaires near windows, and a very large number of occupancy sensors may be available to one or more groups of luminaires for better sensitivity. The DR logic of a group, including the use of an external API, may have the API periodically polled by the BR and provided to the group.

[0239] Ease of installation FIG. 8 shows a schematic floor plan 800 of an example lighting control system. The system may include a main power utility 802, personal supply units 804a-804c, node fixtures 806, represented by solid rectangles, and manual local controllers 808, represented by black triangles. As shown in FIG. 8, a single PSU, such as PSU 804a, may power multiple fixture nodes and may connect to other PSUs. Rooms in the floor plan, represented by solid white areas, may have one or more node fixtures 806. Some rooms include a combination of node fixtures 806 and manual local controllers 808, while some rooms have only one of them.

[0240] The manual local controller 808 may be battery powered, OpenThread compliant, or both. The node fixtures 806 may include luminaires, daylight sensors, and motion sensors as described in this disclosure.

[0241] One or more components of the lighting control system may be Class 2 equipment (IEC 61140). This may include a power supply unit (PSU), luminaires, BR devices, and other components of the lighting control system. In some examples, the luminaires communicate wirelessly but are still wired for power delivery in a parallel configuration with the PSU.

[0242] The lighting control system, including cabling, interconnecting components, etc., may be configured to be fully compliant with the requirements of 2020 NEC Article 725. Such a system may meet the criteria for low voltage lighting per 2020 NEC Article 411, i.e., such a system may operate below 60VDC (e.g., 42-48VDC) and may have an external Class 2 PSU rated at 12.5A or up to 25A. The PSU may include an overcurrent protection device.

[0243] The lighting control system may be configured to comply with UL-2108 6-DEC-2019. The lighting control system may be a Class 2 device intended for dry locations and may be Type Non-IC. The luminaire may be configured for suspension mounting from a ceiling or overhead surface and may meet Sections 27, 64, and all other requirements.

[0244] One or more components of the lighting control system may have internal fuses that serve as a supplemental overcurrent protection device (OCPD).

[0245] The use of a 42-48VDC supply voltage can facilitate battery transfer configurations (with a nominal battery voltage of 48V) for installations where lighting outages must be avoided. 48V is a common intermediate voltage used in server rooms with high reliability battery back-up.

[0246] Several embodiments are described. Other embodiments are within the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0247] 50 Hybrid Red Light Source 51 Red LED Die 52 Blue LED Die 55 Substrate 100 Lighting fixtures 101 Axis 102 Direct Optical Module 104 Indirect Optical Module 106 Downward Sensor Tower 108 Upper Sensor Tower 110 Shared bus, bus 112 Power wiring 114 Electronic control module, ECM 116 Cover 118 Light source 119 Bracket 120 Light Pipe 122 Light guide section 126, 130 optical extractor 128 Floor 132 CPC Injector 132a, 132b, 132c Silicone oil immersion 134 Heat sink 135 Channels 140 Fasteners 180 Labels 270 Fasteners 302 Active region 304 Inactive area 308 Encapsulating materials, phosphors 310 LED die 310a, 310b, 310c Encapsulated LED die strips 312 Substrate 400, 400a, 400b, 400c Fasteners 401 Arm 402 Arch 404 Spring 406 Hook 408 Through hole 502 Electronic control module, ECM 504 Upright Optical Module 506 Downlight Optical Module 510 Monitoring IC 511 Red LED 508, 508a, 508b, 508c Color Sensor 510 Monitoring IC 512 Ambient Light Sensor IC 514a, 514b, 514c, 514d Temperature sensors 516 Voltage Regulator 518 Memory 520a, 520b, 520c, 520d MOSFET 522, 522a, 522b, 522c, 522d LED Driver ICs 524 Real Time Clock 526 Supercapacitor 526a, 526b, 526c, 526d Light Pipes 528a, 528b Cool LED Bank 530a, 530b warm color LED bank 531 TriGain(TM) Phosphor 532a, 532b Blue intensified section 534a, 534b Red intensified area 536 PIR Sensor 538 Radio 600 Lighting Control System 700 Environment 702 Application Programming Interface 704 Lighting Control System 706 API Client 708 Extended Resources 710 Additional API Resources 712, 712a, 712b, 712c lighting fixtures 714 Network Connection 716 OpenThread Network 718 Network Interface 720 Processing Equipment 722 Legacy Interface 726 Border Router 728 API Proxy 800 Floor plan 802 Mains Utility 804a, 804b, 804c Personal Supply Unit 806 Node Fixtures 808 Manual Field Controller

Claims

1. 1. A light emitting device, comprising: Peak emission wavelength L at blue or shorter wavelengths １ a first LED die having Peak emission wavelength L at red, orange, yellow, green, or blue-green wavelengths ２ a second LED die having a homogenous light conversion material positioned to receive light emitted from the first LED die and the second LED die, Peak emission wavelength L in green wavelengths Ｐ１ a first phosphorescent compound having the formula: Peak emission wavelength L in orange wavelengths Ｐ２ a second phosphorescent compound having the formula: Peak emission wavelength L at red, orange, yellow, green, or blue-green wavelengths Ｐ３ A third phosphorescent compound having the formula: A homogeneous light conversion material comprising: Equipped with the light emitting device is a packaged LED device, and the relative concentrations of the first phosphorescent compound, the second phosphorescent compound, and the third phosphorescent compound in the homogeneous light conversion material and the relative luminosity of the first LED die and the second LED die are selected such that, in operation, the light emitting device emits white light having a spectral power distribution that meets preference P1 and fidelity F3 according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering. Light emitting device.

2. L ２ and L Ｐ３ The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein both

3. L ２ contains red and blue-green wavelengths, and L Ｐ３ The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein A comprises red and blue-green wavelengths.

4. 10. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein during operation, a lighting fixture including said light emitting device outputs light having at least F2 fidelity according to said TM-30 standard for color rendering.

5. 5. The light emitting device of claim 4, wherein during operation, the luminaire including the light emitting device outputs light having at least F1 fidelity according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering.

6. 10. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein during operation, the luminaire including the lighting device outputs 200 lumens or more per watt of input power.

7. 10. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the light conversion material has peak emission wavelengths between 580 nm and 650 nm.

8. 10. The light emitting device of claim 1, further comprising an encapsulant material including the light conversion material, the encapsulant material encapsulating the first LED die and the second LED die at a surface of the substrate.

9. 9. The light emitting device of claim 8, further comprising at least a portion of an electrical circuit comprising the first LED die and the second LED die, the electrical circuit configured to provide independent control of a first amount of power supplied to the first LED die and a second amount of power supplied to the second LED die.

10. L １ 10. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength is in the range from 360 nm to 490 nm.

11. L ２ 11. A light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength is in the range from 600 nm to 650 nm.

12. L ２ 11. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength is in the range from 500 nm to 565 nm.

13. L Ｐ１ 13. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength is in the range from 500 nm to 550 nm.

14. L Ｐ２ 14. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength is in the range from 550 nm to 650 nm.

15. L Ｐ３ 15. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength is in the range from 580 nm to 650 nm.

16. 16. The first light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the relative concentrations of the first phosphorescent compound, the second phosphorescent compound, and the third phosphorescent compound in the homogeneous light conversion material and the relative luminosity of the first LED and the second LED are further selected such that the light emitting device emits a first white light having a first correlated color temperature (CCT) during operation; and 16. The second light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the relative concentrations of the first phosphorescent compound, the second phosphorescent compound, and the third phosphorescent compound in the homogeneous light conversion material and the relative luminosity of the first LED and the second LED are further selected such that the light emitting device emits a second white light having a second CCT during operation; and Equipped with the amount of the first white light and the amount of the second white light are mixed and are separately controllable such that a CCT of the mixed light can be varied between the first CCT and the second CCT. Light emitting device package.

17. A substrate; a first light emitting diode (LED) die having a first spectral power distribution (SPD) and a second LED die having a second SPD different from the first SPD, the first LED die and the second LED die being supported by the substrate on a first side of the substrate, the first SPD having a primary peak or dominant wavelength of 500 nm or greater; a phosphorescent material disposed to receive light emitted from the first LED die and the second LED die, the phosphorescent material configured to convert light received from the first LED die to light having a third SPD as the light passes through the phosphorescent material and configured to pass light from the second LED die to light having a fourth SPD as the light passes through the phosphorescent material; Equipped with The third SPD is wider than the first SPD, the second SPD, and the fourth SPD. Light emitting device.

18. 20. The light emitting device of claim 17, wherein the primary peak wavelength or the dominant wavelength of the first SPD is 550 nm or greater.

19. 20. The light emitting device of claim 18, wherein the primary peak wavelength or the dominant wavelength of the first SPD is 600 nm or greater.

20. 20. The light emitting device of claim 17, wherein the dominant wavelength is an average of the first SPD based on unit weight for all visual wavelengths and zero weight for all other wavelengths.

21. 18. The light emitting device of claim 17, wherein the primary peak wavelength or the dominant wavelength of the first SPD is in the range of 600 nm to 650 nm.

22. 20. The light emitting device of claim 17, wherein the fourth SPD is wider than the first SPD.

23. 20. The light emitting device of claim 17, wherein the first SPD and the fourth SPD are identical.

24. 20. The light emitting device of claim 17, wherein the primary peak wavelength or the dominant wavelength color of the first SPD is red.

25. 20. The light emitting device of claim 17, wherein a primary peak wavelength or dominant wavelength color of the second SPD is blue, blue-green, or ultraviolet.

26. 20. The light emitting device of claim 17, further comprising: one or more additional first LED dies having the first SPD and one or more additional second LED dies having the second SPD, the additional first LED dies and the additional second LED dies being supported by the substrate on the first side of the substrate.

27. 27. The light emitting device of claim 26, wherein the substrate extends along a length having a width and a thickness that is less than the length, and the first LED die and the second LED die are disposed at different locations along the length of the substrate.

28. 28. The light emitting device of claim 27, wherein the length is greater than 1 centimeter and the width is less than or equal to 1 centimeter.

29. A light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 28; a solid optical assembly having a first light input surface disposed facing the light emitting device, the solid optical assembly being configured to receive light from the light emitting device at the first light input surface and output the light from one or more light output surfaces; A lighting fixture comprising:

30. 30. The lighting fixture of claim 29, wherein the solid optical assembly comprises two light output surfaces, each positioned to output the light into a different light emission lobe.

31. 30. The lighting fixture of claim 29, wherein the light emitting device extends in a plane, and the solid optical assembly comprises a plurality of light input surfaces including the first light input surface, the plurality of light input surfaces being spaced apart from one another and facing the light emitting device, and the solid optical assembly is configured to accept light from the light emitting device at each of the light input surfaces and output light from the one or more light output surfaces.

32. 30. The lighting fixture of claim 29, further comprising a heat sink comprising a channel shaped and dimensioned to receive the light emitting device.

33. 33. The lighting fixture of claim 32, wherein the heat sink is in thermal contact with the light emitting device on a bottom side of the light emitting device opposite the LED die.

34. One or more luminaires according to any one of claims 29 to 33; an electronic control system in communication with the one or more lighting fixtures via a network, the electronic control system being programmed to control the brightness and color of light emitted by the one or more lighting fixtures; A system comprising:

35. 1. A light emitting device, comprising: Peak emission wavelength L in the range from 400 nm to 500 nm １ a first LED die having Peak emission wavelength L in the range of 600 nm to 650 nm ２ a second LED die having a light conversion material positioned to receive light emitted from the first LED die and the second LED die, Peak emission wavelength L in the range of 500 nm to 550 nm Ｐ１ a first phosphorescent compound having the formula: Peak emission wavelength L in the range from 550 nm to 650 nm Ｐ２ a second phosphorescent compound having the formula: Peak emission wavelength L in the range from 580 nm to 650 nm Ｐ３ A third phosphorescent compound having the formula: A light conversion material comprising: Equipped with the first phosphorescent compound, the second phosphorescent compound, and the third phosphorescent compound are homogeneously distributed throughout the light conversion material; the light emitting device is a packaged LED device, and the relative concentrations of the first phosphorescent compound, the second phosphorescent compound, and the third phosphorescent compound in the light conversion material and the relative luminosity of the first LED die and the second LED die are selected such that, in operation, the light emitting device emits white light having a spectral power distribution that meets preference P1 and fidelity F3 according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering. Light emitting device.

36. 1. A light emitting device, comprising: Peak emission wavelength L in the blue or ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum １ a first LED die having The peak emission wavelength L in the red portion of the electromagnetic spectrum ２ a second LED die having a light conversion material positioned to receive light emitted from the first LED die and the second LED die, The peak emission wavelength L in the green portion of the electromagnetic spectrum Ｐ１ a first phosphorescent compound having the formula: The peak emission wavelength L in the orange portion of the electromagnetic spectrum Ｐ２ a second phosphorescent compound having the formula: The peak emission wavelength L in the red portion of the electromagnetic spectrum Ｐ３ A third phosphorescent compound having the formula: A light conversion material comprising: Equipped with the first phosphorescent compound, the second phosphorescent compound, and the third phosphorescent compound are homogeneously distributed throughout the light conversion material; the light emitting device is a packaged LED device, and the relative concentrations of the first phosphorescent compound, the second phosphorescent compound, and the third phosphorescent compound in the light conversion material and the relative luminosity of the first LED die and the second LED die are selected such that, in operation, the light emitting device emits white light having a spectral power distribution that meets preference P1 and fidelity F3 according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering. Light emitting device.

37. 37. The light emitting device of claim 35 or 36, wherein in operation a luminaire including said light emitting device outputs light having at least F2 fidelity according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering.

38. 40. The light emitting device of claim 37, wherein during operation, the luminaire including the light emitting device outputs light having at least F1 fidelity according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering.

39. 37. The lighting device of claim 35 or 36, wherein in operation the luminaire including said lighting device outputs 200 lumens or more per watt of input power.

40. 37. The light emitting device of claim 35 or 36, wherein the light conversion material has a plurality of peak emission wavelengths between 580 nm and 650 nm.

41. 37. The light emitting device of claim 35 or 36, further comprising an encapsulant material comprising the light conversion material, the encapsulant material encapsulating the first LED die and the second LED die at a surface of the substrate.

42. 42. The light emitting device of claim 41, further comprising an electrical circuit comprising the first LED die and the second LED die, the electrical circuit configured to provide independent control of a first amount of power supplied to the first LED die and a second amount of power supplied to the second LED die.

43. 1. A light emitting device, comprising: Peak emission wavelength L in the range from 360 nm to 500 nm １ a first LED having Peak emission wavelength L in the range of 600 nm to 650 nm or in the range of 500 nm to 565 nm ２ and a second LED having a homogenous light converting material positioned to receive light emitted from the first LED and the second LED, Peak emission wavelength L in the range of 500 nm to 550 nm Ｐ１ a first phosphorescent compound having the formula: Peak emission wavelength L in the range from 550 nm to 650 nm Ｐ２ a second phosphorescent compound having the formula: Peak emission wavelength L in the range from 580 nm to 650 nm Ｐ３ A third phosphorescent compound having the formula: A light conversion material comprising: Equipped with the light emitting device is a packaged LED device, and the relative concentrations of the first phosphorescent compound, the second phosphorescent compound, and the third phosphorescent compound in the homogeneous light conversion material and the relative luminosity of the first LED die and the second LED die are selected such that, in operation, the light emitting device emits white light having a spectral power distribution that meets preference P1 and fidelity F3 according to the TM-30 standard for color rendering. Light emitting device.

44. A lighting fixture, comprising: a first optical module comprising: a first heat sink, a first light emitting filament comprising a first plurality of light emitting diode (LED) dies and a first encapsulant material, and a first optical assembly disposed to receive light emitted from the first light emitting filament, homogenize the light received from the first light emitting filament to form a homogenized light, and direct the homogenized light from the first light emitting filament to a first light distribution in a first hemisphere; a second optical module comprising: a second heat sink, a second light emitting filament comprising a second plurality of light emitting diode (LED) dies and a second encapsulant material; and a second optical assembly disposed to receive light emitted from the second light emitting filament, homogenize the light received from the second light emitting filament to form a homogenized light, and direct the homogenized light from the second light emitting filament to a second light distribution in a second hemisphere opposite the first hemisphere; a bus disposed between the first optical module and the second optical module; an electronic control module supported by the bus, the electronic control module configured to receive power from a power source external to the lighting fixture and configured to control the first and second light emitting filaments to control the light emitted from the first and second light emitting filaments; Equipped with the first plurality of LED dies comprises at least one blue or ultraviolet LED die and at least one red LED die, and the first encapsulant material includes a first phosphorescent compound and a second phosphorescent compound; Lighting fixtures.

45. 45. The lighting fixture of claim 44, wherein the first light distribution portion and the second light distribution portion have different shapes.

46. 45. A luminaire as recited in claim 44, wherein the first light distribution section consists of two lobes.

47. 47. A luminaire as recited in claim 46, wherein the second light distribution portion consists of a single lobe.

48. 45. The lighting fixture of claim 44, further comprising a cover comprising a first panel disposed on a first side of the lighting fixture and a second panel disposed on a second side of the lighting fixture opposite the first side, the first panel and the second panel forming a first channel containing the first optical module and a second channel containing the second optical module.

49. 49. The lighting fixture of claim 48, wherein the first panel and the second panel comprise forged aluminum.

50. 50. A lighting fixture as described in claim 49, wherein the forged aluminum of the first panel and the second panel provides a reflective surface having a parabolic shape.

51. 45. The lighting fixture of claim 44, further comprising a first sensor assembly positioned to receive light from the first optical module.

52. 45. The lighting fixture of claim 44, further comprising a second sensor assembly positioned to receive light from the second optical module.

53. 53. The lighting fixture of claim 52, wherein the first optical assembly comprises a plurality of light guides positioned to receive light from the first light emitting filament and guide the light to an extractor.

54. 54. A luminaire as claimed in claim 53, wherein the extractor has a single extraction surface.

55. 54. A lighting fixture as claimed in claim 53, wherein the extractor comprises a pair of extraction surfaces spaced apart from one another.

56. 56. The lighting fixture of claim 55, wherein the first optical assembly further comprises a plurality of injectors positioned to receive the light from the first light emitting filament and couple the light into corresponding ones of the plurality of light guides.

57. 45. The lighting fixture of claim 44, wherein the first heat sink comprises a recess having a floor extending in a plane and a sidewall on opposite sides of the floor, the light emitting filament being disposed in a groove in thermal contact with the heat sink at the floor and the sidewall.

58. 58. A lighting fixture as claimed in claim 57, wherein the recess is a groove.

59. 45. The lighting fixture of claim 44, wherein the first heat sink comprises a first panel housing the first light emitting filament and a second panel extending from the first panel adjacent the first optical assembly, the second panel having a surface contacting the first optical assembly at a location offset from the first light emitting filament.

60. 60. A lighting fixture as described in claim 59, wherein the first heat sink has a G-shaped cross-section.

61. a heat sink having a surface with a recess at a raised height relative to an opposing side, the recess having a floor and opposing sidewalls extending from the floor; a light emitting diode (LED) package comprising a substrate having a top surface, a bottom surface, and opposing side surfaces extending between the top surface and the bottom surface; Equipped with the bottom surface of the LED package is in thermally conductive contact with the floor of the recess, and the opposing side surfaces of the LED package are in thermally conductive contact with the opposing sidewalls of the recess. Lighting fixtures.

62. 62. A lighting fixture as described in claim 61 , wherein the bottom surface is in direct contact with the floor of the recess and one or more of the side surfaces are in direct contact with the side walls of the recess, the recess being U-shaped.

63. 62. A lighting fixture as described in claim 61, wherein the recess is a groove and the opposing sidewalls of the recess are perpendicular to the floor of the recess.

64. 62. The lighting fixture of claim 61 , wherein the LED package is press fit into the recess.

65. A lighting fixture, comprising: a first component having a first optical aperture; a second component having a second optical aperture; a fastener for securing the first part to the second part with the first optical aperture adjacent the second optical aperture such that the first and second optical apertures intersect a path of light propagation in the lighting fixture, the fastener extending along a perimeter of the first and second parts and contacting the lighting fixture at a plurality of points exerting a force pressing adjacent optical apertures toward each other, the force being sufficient to hold the first and second parts together and maintain registration of the first and second parts during operation of the lighting fixture; A lighting fixture comprising:

66. 66. The lighting fixture of claim 65, wherein the first part comprises a light guide and the second part comprises an extractor, the light guide and the extractor being optically coupled at the adjacent optical apertures, the light guide configured to guide light along a forward direction and provide the guided light to the extractor at the adjacent optical apertures, and the extractor configured to direct light received at the adjacent optical apertures and output the received light to a surrounding environment with a predetermined light distribution.

67. 66. A lighting fixture as described in claim 65, wherein the fastener comprises a hook disposed on a first end of the fastener and a bow disposed on a second end of the fastener opposite the first end, the hook being shaped to hook onto the first component and the bow being shaped to press onto the second component.

68. 68. A luminaire as claimed in claim 67, wherein the first part of the luminaire is a light guide or a housing.

69. 68. A lighting fixture as described in claim 67, wherein the second component is an optical extractor.

70. 66. A lighting fixture as described in claim 65, wherein the fastener comprises one or more spring elements.

71. 71. A lighting fixture as described in claim 70, wherein the one or more spring elements comprise undulating portions arranged to provide a resilient element to the force urging the adjacent optical apertures toward one another.

72. 66. A lighting fixture as recited in claim 65, wherein the fastener comprises a single piece of metal.

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