Upright riverbed ecological transformation structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to an upright riverbed ecological reconstruction structure, in which a revetment embankment structure similar to the natural riverbed shape is installed in the river channel in response to the current upright riverbed, and a gentle slope is formed between the current upright riverbed and the corresponding revetment embankment structure, which slopes from the upright riverbed to the revetment embankment structure, and plants are planted on the gentle slope. The present invention uses a revetment embankment structure made by gluing and stacking block stones to create a shape similar to the natural river channel in the river channel, and restores plant colonies in the closed shallow water area formed by the revetment embankment and the current upright riverbed, thereby improving the current situation in which biodiversity is lost in urban river channels and the ecosystem is deteriorated. The present invention increases the complexity of the river channel structure by reconstructing the topography in the river channel, increases the diversity of hydraulic conditions, and at the same time provides a good place for aquatic animals to take refuge and rest, and the restoration of plants can purify the river channel water quality and improve the biodiversity of the river channel, which is helpful in building a healthy river water ecosystem. The present invention is applicable to the technical field of river channel ecological restoration.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The priority information of the present invention is priority number CN202210371207.4, priority date April 1, 2022, and title of the invention is Upright-type Riverbed Ecological Renovation Structure, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The present invention relates to the technical field of river channel ecological restoration, in particular to an upright-type riverbed ecological renovation structure. [Background technology]

[0002] Meandering is a natural tendency in the dynamic change process of a river. There are several reasons why a meandering river channel is formed, the main one being that when the water flows through the convex bank of a slightly curved river section, centrifugal force causes the water to erode the concave bank, forming a deep pond on the other side, and shallow water is formed on the other side.

[0003] For historical reasons, as the urbanization process in China continues to intensify, traditional river channel construction, due to lack of awareness and limited coastal water space, often focuses on water conservancy construction, but ignores ecology. Under this idea, many river channels in China's cities have been straightened, cut off at their bends, turned into drainage ditches, and hardened, destroying the ecological nature of the river channel and making the landscape uniform. In particular, the meandering river bend construction commonly seen in plain river channels is becoming more and more severe because the resistance of the curved water flow is greater than that of a straight bend of the same length under the current construction measures. In addition, in bends with too small a radius of curvature, the water flow is not smooth during the flood season, and often forms a steep slope in the valley at the top of the large reservoir, threatening the safety of the embankment, and making it difficult to ensure the stability and service life of the construction and reconstruction work. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an upright riverbed ecological reconstruction structure for the above-mentioned existing problems. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The technical plan adopted in this invention is an upright riverbed ecological reconstruction structure in which a revetment embankment structure similar to the natural river channel form is installed in the river channel in response to the existing upright riverbed, and a gentle slope is formed between the existing upright riverbed and the corresponding revetment embankment structure, sloping from the upright riverbed toward the revetment embankment structure, and plants are planted on this gentle slope.

[0006] Furthermore, for the revetment structure, a flushing-resistant structure will be adopted for the corresponding areas that are prone to flushing and erosion by water currents, while a gravel beach will be adopted for the remaining areas.

[0007] Furthermore, flashing-resistant structures are built up with large blocks of stone or large stone slabs.

[0008] Furthermore, the top of the flashing-resistant structure is slightly higher than the normal water level of the river channel.

[0009] In addition, the egg-pebble beach will be created by dumping chunk stones and high-end boulders, and the beach will adopt a gentle slope water entry method.

[0010] Furthermore, the average particle size of the egg gravel beach is approximately D50 = 20 mm, of which the content of 10 to 50 mm particle size group accounts for approximately 80%.

[0011] In addition, an ecological low weir will be installed across the river channel.

[0012] Furthermore, the ecological dam can be I-, J-, V-, U- or W-shaped, the material can be selected from logs or blocks, and the height usually does not exceed 30cm. The lowest part of the ecological dam should be located in the center of the river channel, and the blocks extend to the top of the river channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the plants planted on the gentle slope include submerged plants and recovery of emerged plants, and the emerged plants are one or more of Iris pseudacorus, Monochoria korsakowii, Cyperus persica, lotus flower, corn corymb, cattail, reed and Chinese laurel, and the submerged plants are one or more of Eelgrass, Shrimpweed and Malayan mentary.

[0014] Furthermore, an appropriate area capable of meeting the demand for gentle slope water access will be set up as a water access platform, and stairs will be installed extending from the top of the current upright riverbed to the water access platform.

[0015] Furthermore, the upright riverbed ecological modification structure is used in meandering river section governance, where the meandering river section includes a number of bends, and along the water flow direction, each bend includes an above-water side and a backwater side, a flushing-resistant structure is installed on the above-water side, a gravel beach is installed on the backwater side, and an ecological low weir spanning the river channel is installed at the junction of each bend.

[0016] Furthermore, the ecological low weir is used in turbid water flushing condition environments, and its structural type is a submerged low weir structure.

[0017] Furthermore, the submerged low dam structure is preferably a submerged three-dimensional low dam structure.

[0018] Furthermore, the crest of an ecological low weir presents a zigzag waveform in the direction crossing the river channel, and the main factors to be considered in designing the shape of the receiving surface of the weir body of an ecological low weir are the average annual runoff and average gradient of the meandering river section.

[0019] Specifically, when the meandering river section has a high average annual runoff and average gradient, the receiving surface shape of the weir body is an arcuate surface concave toward the weir body, and the angle α between the arcuate surface and the bottom surface of the weir body is 30° to 60°.

[0020] When the meandering river section has an average annual runoff and an average gradient at the intermediate stage, the weir body receiving surface includes a lower slope and an upper arc surface connected to the lower slope, the upper arc surface protrudes in a direction away from the weir body crest, and the angle β between the lower slope and the weir body bottom surface is 40° to 80°.

[0021] When the meandering river section has a low average annual runoff and average gradient, the weir body receiving surface is a slope, and the angle γ between the slope and the weir body bottom surface is 40° to 80°. Effect of the Invention

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are that the bank protection structure formed by the block stones creates a form similar to a natural river channel in the river channel, and plant colonies are restored in the closed shallow water area formed by the bank protection and the current upright riverbed, improving the current lack of biodiversity, ecosystem degradation and single landscape appearance of urban river channels. The present invention increases the complexity of the river channel structure by reconstructing the topography in the river channel, and increases the diversity of hydraulic conditions, while providing a good place for aquatic animals to take refuge and rest, and the restoration of plants can purify the river channel water quality, improve the biodiversity of the river channel, and help build a healthy river water ecology.

[0023] In addition, by installing the anti-flushing structure on the abovewater side of the bend section and the egg pebble beach on the backwater side of the bend section, combined with the installation of a specific structural layout of an ecological low weir at the junction of each bend section, the water flow velocity of the next bend section can be effectively alleviated, and the flushing force on the embankment structure can be further reduced, greatly improving the overall stability and service life of the ecological reconstruction structure, and having the beneficial effects of simple structure, convenient construction, and reducing the overall reconstruction costs. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0024] The following drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present application, constitute a part of the present application, and are intended only as an illustrative illustration and description of the invention, not as a limitation on the scope of the invention. In the drawings: [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the present application; [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is an exemplary cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present application. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of another embodiment of the present application; [Figure 4] FIG. 11 is a front view of an ecological low dam in another embodiment of the present application taken along the river channel width direction. [Diagram 5] 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 4 in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view (AA)' taken along line AA in FIG. 4 in another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view (AA)'' taken along line AA in FIG. 4 in another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0025] The following drawings clarify some embodiments of the present application, clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention, and the drawings in the specification which form a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative examples and explanations of the present invention are for interpreting the present invention and do not constitute undue limitations on the present invention. All other examples obtained based on the examples of the present invention without the need for creative efforts by those skilled in the art are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In addition to the directions defined individually, directions such as up, down, left, and right in this specification all correspond to the directions such as up, down, left, and right shown in FIG. 1 of the embodiment of this application, and when this specific posture is changed, this directional indication also changes accordingly. The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth" and similar words used in this application do not indicate any order, number or importance, but are only for distinguishing different components. In each embodiment of this disclosure, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar members.

[0027] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, for example, unless otherwise expressly limited, "connection" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific situation.

[0028] In addition, the technical solutions in each embodiment of the present invention may be linked to each other, but this must be based on what a person skilled in the art can realize. If the linkage of the technical solutions is contradictory to each other or cannot be realized, it should be considered that such linkage of the technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1 This embodiment is an upright riverbed ecological reconstruction structure, in which a revetment embankment structure with a shape similar to the natural riverbed (for example, S-shaped riverbed shape) is installed in the river channel in response to the current upright riverbed, and the revetment embankment elevation must balance the demands for ecology and landscape beautification, on the premise of satisfying the river channel's flood requirements. In the closed shallow water area between the current upright riverbed and the corresponding revetment embankment structure, a gentle slope is formed that slopes from the upright riverbed toward the revetment embankment structure, and plants are planted on this gentle slope to restore plant colonies.

[0030] In this example, the embankment structure adopts a flushing-resistant structure for the corresponding parts that are easily eroded by the water flow, and adopts a gravel beach for the remaining parts, of which the flushing-resistant structure is piled up with large chunks of stones or large stone slabs (the size of the large chunks is 40mm to 200mm, and the shapes range from round pebbles and boulders to relatively large flat stones), the top of the flushing-resistant structure is about 30cm higher than the normal water level of the river channel, the gravel beach is made by throwing in chunks of stones and high-end boulders, the average particle size of the gravel beach is about D50 = 20mm, of which the content of 10 to 50mm particle size group accounts for about 80%, and the beach adopts a gentle slope water entry method. Gravel is mixed and used in the middle position to simulate the natural classification of the riverbed substrate.

[0031] In this embodiment, an ecological low weir is installed in the river channel to span the river channel, or a continuous gradient structure is installed according to the river channel topography. The ecological low weir is installed in different structural forms such as I-type, J-type, V-type, U-type or W-type according to different geological conditions, and the material is selected to be logs or blocks of stone, and the height is usually not more than 30 cm, so as not to affect the migration of fish. The lowest part of the ecological low weir should be located in the center of the river channel, and the blocks of stone extend to the top of the river channel to protect the revetment slope.

[0032] In this embodiment, the recovery of plant colonies includes the recovery of submerged plants and emerged plants. The emerged plants are iris (30 plants / m 2 ), reeds (4 plants / m 2 ), Konagi (20 plants / m 2 ), Purple loosestrife (10 plants / m 2 ), Cattail (16 plants / m 2 ) and the submerged plants were eelgrass (4-5 plants / bundle, 25 bundles / m 2 ), Asamo (5-10 pieces / bundle, 9 bundles / m 2 ), Ebimo (10-15 pieces / bundle, 9 bundles / m 2 ) and other plants will be selected and cultivated in combination to purify the water and improve the appearance of the river channel landscape.

[0033] In this embodiment, a hydrophilic platform is set up at the corresponding urban area or appropriate location with hydrophilic needs in the closed shallow water area between the current upright riverbed and the corresponding revetment structure, and blue stone steps are set up from the top of the current upright riverbed to the hydrophilic platform, so that personnel can enter the hydrophilic platform through the blue stone steps. The hydrophilic platform is about 40 cm higher than the normal water level, and within the open guard fence, grass clippers are cultivated to create a hydrophilic space, which can meet the hydrophilic needs of the surrounding residents.

[0034] Example 2 The upright riverbed ecological modification structure in this embodiment is used for meandering river section governance, which includes a number of bends. Along the water flow direction, each bend includes an abovewater side and a backwater side. A flushing-resistant structure is installed on the abovewater side, a pebble beach is installed on the backwater side, and an ecological low weir spanning the river channel is installed at the junction of each bend.

[0035] An ecological low weir is a river water engineering structure constructed on a river channel, connected to both sides of the riverbed, and serves to prevent undercutting of the river channel surface and reduce local flow velocity. As shown in Figure 3, this embodiment installs ecological low weirs spanning the river channel at the junctions of each bend (i.e., between bend a and bend b, between bend b and bend c, and between bend c and bend d), which can effectively reduce the water flow velocity of the next bend, and further reduce the flushing force on the revetment embankment structure, which is favorable for the stable use and extended lifespan of the revetment embankment structure, and has the beneficial effects of being simple in structure, convenient in construction, and reducing the overall cost.

[0036] In addition, by installing the anti-flushing structure on the abovewater side of the bend section and the pebble beach on the backwater side of the bend section, combined with the installation of a specific structural layout of ecological low weirs at the junctions of each bend section, the installation of the ecological low weirs at the junctions of the bend sections can effectively reduce the water flow velocity, change the direction of the water flow from rushing straight toward the anti-flushing structure, and further reduce the impact force on the anti-flushing structure, play a relatively good maintenance role for the embankment structure, greatly improve the service stability and service life of the embankment structure, and are of great significance in the groundbreaking renovation in the field of meandering river section governance.

[0037] In addition, the flashing-resistant structure and the construction method of the egg-pebble beach in the revetment structure of this embodiment may be a construction method that artificially resembles natural attributes by solidifying it with cement.

[0038] In addition, in practical application, the water flow strength is relatively large under the turbid water flushing condition, so how to better ensure the use stability and service life of the revetment structure in the ecological restoration and reconstruction of the riverbed is a technical problem that has been studied by those skilled in the art but has not been overcome. In this regard, the research and development team of the present applicant has conducted N turbid water flushing experiments based on the above technical problem and the technical solution of the present invention. For example, in one experimental example, a water-sand self-circulating water tank with a length of 15m, a width of 1.54m, a depth of 0.48m, three meandering bends, a flushing-resistant structure is installed on the water side of each bend, a pebble beach is installed on the backwater side, and a first submerged low weir structure and a second submerged low weir structure are installed at the connection points of two adjacent bends, respectively, and a flushing experiment under sand-feeding turbid water conditions was conducted in the tank, and the flushing data of the upstream and downstream of the first submerged low weir structure and the second submerged low weir structure and the position data of the large lumps and high-end boulders in the upstream and downstream revetment structures were measured. By setting different flow velocities and discharge rates and corresponding to different structural shapes of ecological low weirs with different weir body receiving surfaces, the measurement results of the position data of the embankment structure remained almost unchanged, which further effectively demonstrated the specific layout of the riverbed ecological transformation structure in this embodiment, greatly improved the beneficial effects of the service stability and service life of the embankment structure, and further guaranteed the overall stability and service life of the riverbed ecological transformation structure.

[0039] Example 3 Based on Example 2, as a preferred embodiment, the structural type of the ecological low weir in this embodiment is a submerged low weir structure used in a turbid water flushing environment. As shown in Figure 4, the weir crest 51 of the ecological low weir 5 in this embodiment has a zigzag waveform along the direction crossing the river channel, which is convenient for fish migration, but it is not limited to a zigzag waveform and can be set to other irregular shapes such as a perforated frame type according to the actual situation. Among them, this embodiment mainly cleverly designs the receiving surface structure of the weir body of the ecological low weir, and the shape design of the weir body receiving surface 53 of this ecological low weir mainly takes into account factors such as the annual average runoff and average gradient of the meandering river section.

[0040] The average annual runoff of a meandering river step is the average flow rate passing through a cross section of a river, and is the arithmetic mean of the annual runoff over a long period of time. The average gradient of a meandering river step is the ratio of the total head of the meandering river step to the length of the step.

[0041] As shown in FIG. 5, in one embodiment, when the meandering river step has a high annual average discharge and average gradient, the shape of the weir body receiving surface 53 is a circular arc surface concave toward the weir body, the radius of curvature of the circular arc surface is reasonably designed according to the height and thickness of the weir body, and the angle α between the circular arc surface and the weir body bottom surface 52 is 30° to 60°, preferably 40° to 50°, and more preferably 45°. The sediment flow upstream of the ecological low weir (the mark in FIG. 5 indicates the direction of the sediment flow) is circular. It is easy for the embankment to rotate along the arc surface, and during the rotation, it finally rotates and falls away from the weir body 50 along the upper arc surface 531 of the arc surface, which is favorable for reducing the water flow speed and changing the water flow direction, thereby better playing its role in protecting the embankment structure, improving the service stability and service life of the embankment structure, and ensuring the overall stability and service life of the riverbed ecological reconstruction structure. It also has the beneficial effects of being simple in structure, convenient in construction, and reducing the overall reconstruction costs.

[0042] In this embodiment, the so-called high stage is specifically defined as a meandering river section with an annual average runoff of 2 to 4 billion cubic meters and an average gradient of 6% to 8%, such as the main tributaries of the Han River in China, Renhe River, Jinhe River, etc. The reason why the receiving surface 53 of the weir body is configured as a concave arc surface and has an appropriate angle α is that the runoff and radial flow rate of a high-stage meandering river are relatively large and are accompanied by a relatively large amount of sediment flow, and this sediment flow can have a relatively large spatial swirl within the concave arc surface, which is favorable to realizing the effects of mitigating the water flow rate and changing the water flow direction, thereby better ensuring the overall stability and service life of the riverbed ecological reconstruction structure.

[0043] As shown in Fig. 6, in one embodiment, when the meandering river step has an average annual discharge and an average gradient at the middle stage, the weir body receiving surface includes a lower slope 532 and an upper arc surface 531 connected to the lower slope, the upper arc surface 531 protrudes in a direction away from the weir crest of the weir body, and the radius of curvature of the upper arc surface is reasonably designed according to the height and thickness of the weir body. In addition, the angle β between the lower slope 532 and the weir body bottom surface 52 is 40° to 80°, more preferably 50° to 70°, and more preferably 60°. The technical solution of this embodiment can rotate the sediment flow (the mark in Fig. 6 indicates the sediment flow direction) upstream of the ecological low weir along the lower slope 532 and the upper arc surface 531, and during the rotation, it finally rotates and falls in a direction away from the weir body 50 along the upper arc surface 531.

[0044] In this embodiment, the so-called intermediate stage is specifically defined as a meandering river section with an average annual runoff of 1 to 2 billion cubic meters and an average gradient of 3% to 6%, such as the Danjiang River and Ziwu River, which are main tributaries of the Han River in China.

[0045] As shown in Fig. 7, in one embodiment, when the meandering river section has a low average annual runoff and average gradient, the weir body receiving surface 53 is a slope, and the angle γ between the slope and the weir body bottom surface 52 is 40°-80°, more preferably 50°-70°, and more preferably 60°. Since the runoff and radial flow velocity of a low-stage meandering river are relatively small and accompanied by a relatively small sediment flow, making the weir body receiving surface 53 sloped can reduce the water flow velocity and change the water flow direction, and ensure the overall stability and service life of the riverbed ecological renovation structure.

[0046] In this embodiment, the so-called low stage is specifically defined as a meandering river section with an annual average runoff of 0.1 to 1 billion cubic meters and an average gradient of 0.2% to 3%, such as the Yudai River, Mumai River, and Huangyang River, which are main tributaries of the Han River in China.

[0047] The above description clearly shows and describes the preferred embodiment of the present application, but as an object, it should be understood that the present application is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be considered as an exclusion to other embodiments, but may be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and may be modified by the above teachings or the skill or knowledge of the related art within the scope of the subject concept of the present specification. However, any modifications and changes made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present application, and should be included in the scope of protection of the claims attached to this application. [Explanation of symbols]

[0048] 1, current upright riverbed; 2, vegetation; 3, large boulders; 4, hydrophilic platform; 5, ecological low dam; 50, dam body; 51, dam crest; 52, dam body bottom; 53, dam body receiving surface; 531, upper arc surface; 532, lower slope; 54, dam body backwater surface; 6, egg pebble beach.

Claims

1. This is an upright riverbed ecological reconstruction structure, characterized in that a revetment embankment structure similar to the natural riverbed form is installed in the riverbed in correspondence with the current upright riverbed, a gentle slope is formed between the current upright riverbed and the corresponding revetment embankment structure, sloping from the upright riverbed to the revetment embankment structure, and plants are planted on the gentle slope.

2. The upright riverbed ecological transformation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the revetment embankment structure adopts a flushing-resistant structure for the corresponding parts that are easily flushed and eroded by the water flow, and adopts a gravel beach for the remaining parts.

3. The upright riverbed ecological reconstruction structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the anti-flush structure is piled up with large blocks of stones or large stone slabs.

4. The upright riverbed ecological transformation structure according to claim 2, wherein the top of the anti-flushing structure is slightly higher than the normal water level of the river channel.

5. The upright riverbed ecological transformation structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the egg-pebble beach is made by dumping chunk stones and high-end boulders, and the beach adopts a gentle slope water entry method.

6. The upright riverbed ecological reconstruction structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the average particle size of the egg pebble beach is about D50 = 20 mm, of which the content of the 10-50 mm particle size group accounts for about 80%.

7. 2. The upright riverbed ecological reconstruction structure according to claim 1, wherein an ecological low weir is installed across the river channel within the river channel.

8. The vertical riverbed ecological reconstruction structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the ecological low dam is I-type, J-type, V-type, U-type or W-type, the material is selected from logs or blocks, the height is generally not more than 30 cm, the lowest part of the ecological low dam should be located in the center of the river channel, and the blocks extend to the top of the river channel.

9. 2. The upright riverbed ecological reconstruction structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the plants planted on the gentle slope include submerged plants and emerged plants, the emerged plants being one or more of Iris pseudacorus, Monochoria krassiflora, Cyperus persica, lotus flower, corn corymb, cattail, reed and Chinese laurel, and the submerged plants being one or more of Eelgrass, Shrimp algae and Malayan mentary.

10. The upright riverbed ecological transformation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that an appropriate area capable of meeting the gentle gradient water access demand is set as a water access platform, and a staircase is installed extending from the top of the existing upright riverbed to the water access platform.

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