Welding structure, welding equipment and welding method

Abstract

The welded structure includes a first cover plate (10), a second cover plate (20), a web plate (30), and a rib plate (40), the first cover plate (10) and the second cover plate (20) are spaced apart from each other, a plurality of web plates (30) are spaced apart from each other along a first direction and are inserted and fitted into the first cover plate (10) and the second cover plate (20), and a plurality of rib plates (40) are spaced apart from each other along a second direction and are inserted and fitted into the first cover plate (10) and the second cover plate (20), where the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the web plate (30) and the rib plate (40) are inserted and fitted into each other. The welded structure employs an insert-fit lock between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate for the box structure, thereby forming a stable sealed box structure and increasing the rigidity of the structure. The present invention also relates to a welding device and a welding method.

Description

cross reference

[0001] This application claims priority to a Chinese patent application bearing application number 2022102878462 and entitled "Welded structure, welding apparatus and welding method," filed on March 22, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this disclosure. [Technical field]

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of welding, and in particular to a welded structure, a welding apparatus and a welding method. [Background technology]

[0003] The chassis bolster, traction beam and bogie frame side beam at the ends of the car body are the most important bearing parts of the track vehicle. The track vehicle is exposed to severe alternating load conditions during the running process. In order to ensure its good bearing service ability, multi-layer multi-pass arc MAG welding process is adopted. Arc welding has a large heat input, which leads to serious welding deformation. After welding, it is necessary to spend a lot of manpower and materials to tune and correct, resulting in strength loss and performance degradation. The added back pad will significantly reduce the fatigue resistance performance of the box structure. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In order to solve the deficiencies of conventional box-type structures that require tuning and correction, resulting in strength loss and performance degradation, the present application provides a welded structure that employs an insert-fit lock between an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate for a box-type structure, thereby forming a stable sealed box-type structure and increasing the rigidity of the structure.

[0005] In order to solve the problems such as the need for manual tuning and correction in the past, which resulted in strength loss and performance degradation, inability to effectively suppress welding distortion, a large amount of work required for repeated verification, inability to accurately and dynamically adjust according to the progression trend and change amount of deformation of the welded structure, and poor reverse deformation effect, the present application further provides a welding device for a welded structure, and by providing a multi-point flexible support on the supporting surface, it is possible to precisely control welding distortion, precisely and quantitatively suppress defects, and effectively improve structural performance, thereby improving manufacturing precision, reducing manufacturing costs, and significantly improving production efficiency.

[0006] In order to solve the defects such as the inability to realize the exemption of post-welding tuning of the welded structure, the inability to effectively suppress welding distortion, the large amount of work required for repeated verification, the inability to accurately and dynamically adjust according to the progress trend and change amount of the deformation of the welded structure, and the poor reverse deformation effect, the present application further provides a welding method for a welding device, and by adjusting the magnitude of the multi-point flexible biasing force on the supporting surface, it is possible to realize gap-free, rapid and accurate assembly, multi-point flexible constraint and multi-energy field cooperative and high-performance welding, and the engineering goals of precisely controlling welding distortion, effectively suppressing welding defects, and greatly improving the performance of the weld bead structure are synchronously realized. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present application, a welded structure includes a first cover plate, a second cover plate, a web plate, and a rib plate, The first cover plate and the second cover plate are provided with a gap therebetween, The plurality of web plates are provided at intervals along a first direction, and are inserted and fitted into the first cover plate and the second cover plate, respectively; The plurality of rib plates are provided at intervals along a second direction and are inserted and fitted into the first cover plate and the second cover plate, respectively; wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, The web plate and the rib plate are fitted together.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present application, a first slot and a second slot are provided on a surface of the first cover plate, The first slots are spaced apart from one another along the first direction, and the first slots are fitted into the web plates in a one-to-one correspondence; The second slots are spaced apart from one another along the second direction, and the second slots are fitted into the rib plates in a one-to-one correspondence; Here, a groove is provided on the side of the first slot and the second slot facing the second cover plate.

[0009] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a first cover plate, and the first slot and the second slot are provided to realize the insertion fitting between the first cover plate, the web plate and the rib plate.

[0010] Furthermore, by providing grooves on the sides of the first slot and the second slot facing the second cover plate, it is possible to facilitate quick and accurate assembly of the insertion and locking structure without gaps; at the same time, the grooves improve the back surface forming of the weld bead and improve the penetration of the root of the weld bead, not only meeting the assembly requirements but also improving the assembly efficiency.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present application, a third slot and a fourth slot are provided on a surface of the second cover plate, The third slots are spaced apart from one another along the first direction, and the third slots are fitted to the web plates in a one-to-one correspondence; The fourth slots are spaced apart from one another along the second direction, and the fourth slots are fitted into the rib plates in a one-to-one correspondence; Here, a groove is provided on the side of the third slot and the fourth slot facing the first cover plate.

[0012] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a second cover plate, and provides a third slot and a fourth slot to realize the insertion and fitting of the second cover plate with the web plate and the rib plate.

[0013] Furthermore, by providing grooves on the sides of the third slot and the fourth slot facing the first cover plate, it is possible to facilitate quick and accurate assembly of the insertion and locking structure without gaps; at the same time, the grooves improve the back surface forming of the weld bead and improve the penetration of the root of the weld bead, not only meeting the assembly requirements but also improving the assembly efficiency.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present application, the first cover plate, the second cover plate, the web plate, and the rib plate are all made of high strength weathering steel.

[0015] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a manufacturing material for a welded structure. As the running speed of high-speed trains and urban rail trains increases, the need for reducing the weight of trains increases. Therefore, a design for reducing the weight and weight of trains is carried out by using high-strength weathering steel instead of ordinary low-alloy steel, and the engineering characteristics of high-strength weathering steel, such as high strength, good plasticity, excellent fatigue resistance, and good cost performance, are utilized.

[0016] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a welding device having a welded structure includes a support portion, a welding portion, and an adjustment portion, The support portion is formed with a support surface that supports the welded structure, the weld portion is connected to the support portion to provide welding to the welded structure; The adjustment portion is connected to the support portion and abuts against a welding surface of the welded structure, Here, in the process of welding the welded structure, the adjustment portion adjusts the magnitude of the biasing force on the welded surface of the welded structure, thereby achieving control over the flatness of the welded structure.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present application, the support unit includes a support base and a drive unit, a surface of the support platform forming the support surface; The drive unit is connected to the support platform so as to realize adjustment of a rotation angle of the support platform.

[0018] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a support part, and by providing a support base, support for the welding structure is realized, and at the same time, the driving unit realizes inversion of the support base, thereby meeting the needs of welding from different angles.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present application, the weld is a laser arc hybrid welding mechanism connected to the support.

[0020] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of the welding part, and by combining the laser arc hybrid welding mechanism with the supporting part and the adjusting part, system innovation is realized for the entire manufacturing chain of product structure development, welding equipment research and development, and welding process control. This effectively overcomes the technical barriers of difficult assembly, low efficiency, and poor stability of the traditional laser arc hybrid welding closed box structure, solves the engineering difficulties of the large volume of the laser arc hybrid welding torch and the large spatial interference in the traditional assembly method, and breaks through the technical bottleneck of difficult pore discharge and poor back surface forming in medium and thick plate laser arc hybrid welding.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present application, the adjustment unit includes a magnetic unit and a sensor unit, The magnetic units are provided on the support base so as to realize positioning of the welded structure by magnetic attraction, The sensor units are provided on the support table so as to feed back welding parameters in a welding process of a welded structure to the welding portion.

[0022] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of an adjustment part, in which a magnetic unit and a sensor unit are provided on the surface of the support base, i.e., the support surface, to realize positioning for a closed box-type welded structure made of high-strength weathering steel and acquisition of corresponding parameters in the welding process, thereby realizing the engineering goals of precisely controlling welding deformation, effectively suppressing welding defects, and greatly improving the weld bead structure performance.

[0023] According to a welding method based on the above welding apparatus according to the third aspect of the present application, Obtaining a first welding characteristic value in a welding process of a welded structure, where the first welding characteristic value indicates a distortion amount parameter of the welded structure; generating a first adjustment policy for controlling an amount of distortion of a weld surface of the welded structure based on the first weld characteristic value; and performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present application, in the step of acquiring a first welding characteristic value in the welding process of the welded structure, specifically, Obtaining a first strain characteristic value, a second strain characteristic value, and a third strain characteristic value during a welding process of the welded structure, where the first strain characteristic value refers to a strain area parameter of the welded structure, the second strain characteristic value refers to a strain force parameter corresponding to the first strain characteristic value, and the second strain characteristic value refers to a friction force parameter corresponding to the first strain characteristic value; generating the first weld characteristic value based on the first distortion characteristic value, the second distortion characteristic value, and the third distortion characteristic value.

[0025] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of acquiring a first welding feature value in a welding process of a welded structure, and acquiring a distortion feature value in the welding process of the welded structure realizes the generation of a corresponding first welding feature value.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present application, in the step of generating a first adjustment policy for controlling a distortion amount of a welding surface of the welded structure based on the first welding characteristic value, specifically, Obtaining a preset adjustment area of ​​a corresponding welding surface of the welded structure, and extracting and obtaining all the adjustment portions within the corresponding preset adjustment area based on the first distortion feature value; generating a first adjustment feature value based on each of the acquired adjustment parts according to the second distortion feature value, where the first adjustment feature value indicates an adhesive force parameter of the corresponding adjustment part; generating a second adjustment feature value for each of the acquired adjustment portions based on the second distortion feature value and the third distortion feature value, where the second adjustment feature value indicates a friction force parameter between the corresponding adjustment portion and the welded structure; generating the first adjustment policy based on the preset adjustment region based on the first adjustment feature value and the second adjustment feature value.

[0027] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of generating a first adjustment policy for controlling the distortion amount of the welding surface of the welded structure, adjusting the magnitude of the adsorption force of the magnetic unit corresponding to the distortion area based on the adsorption force parameters, and further realizing reverse deformation adjustment in the welding process of the welded structure.

[0028] Furthermore, when adjusting the magnitude of the attractive force of the magnetic unit, it is necessary to monitor the friction force parameters to avoid the problem of the welding structure moving during the welding process due to insufficient attractive force.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the present application, in the step of generating the first adjustment policy based on the preset adjustment region based on the first adjustment feature value and the second adjustment feature value, specifically, Constructing a digital twin model based on the welded structure; and Obtaining a first twin adjustment feature value based on the digital twin model based on the first adjustment feature value; Obtaining a second twin adjustment feature value based on the digital twin model based on the second adjustment feature value; determining based on the second twin accommodation feature value; When it is determined that the second twin adjustment feature value satisfies a preset adsorption condition, generating the first adjustment policy based on the first adjustment feature value; and generating the first adjustment policy based on the second adjustment feature value when it is determined that the second twin adjustment feature value does not satisfy a preset adsorption condition.

[0030] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of generating a first adjustment policy based on a preset adjustment region, and realizes calculation for the reverse deformation amount of the welded structure by constructing a digital twin model, and verifies the adhesion force parameters between the support base and the welded structure, thereby avoiding the problem that the adhesion force of the magnetic unit is insufficient, causing the welded structure to move on the support base.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present application, in the step of performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy, specifically, obtaining an instant welding area of ​​the welded structure and performing dynamic fitting to the instant welding area and the preset adjustment area; obtaining a first instantaneous adjustment region and a second instantaneous adjustment region based on the dynamic fitting, where the first instantaneous adjustment region is a region corresponding to the first distortion feature value, and the second instantaneous adjustment region is a region within a preset range around the first instantaneous adjustment region; acquiring and determining a magnetic field distortion parameter within the second instantaneous adjustment region; and if determining that the magnetic field distortion parameter does not satisfy a preset distortion threshold, generating the first adjustment policy based on the preset distortion threshold.

[0032] Specifically, the present embodiment provides an embodiment for performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure, by monitoring the magnetic field within a preset range around the distortion area of ​​the welded structure, adjusting the magnetic unit corresponding to the distortion area to avoid the problem of excessive magnetic field disturbance in the surrounding area, ensuring the welding quality, dynamically controlling the welding deformation in the hybrid welding process, and further meeting the engineering needs of ensuring the accurate welding position and enhancing the welding stability.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the present application, after the step of performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy, specifically: Obtaining a second welding feature value and a third welding feature value during a welding process of the welded structure, where the second welding feature value refers to a welding trajectory parameter of the welded structure and the third feature value refers to a molten pool parameter of the welded structure; generating a second adjustment policy for controlling a magnetic field direction of the adjustment portion based on the second welding characteristic value and the third welding characteristic value; The method further includes providing real-time magnetic field stirring to a molten pool of the welded structure during a welding process according to the second adjusting policy.

[0034] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment for real-time magnetic field stirring for the molten pool of the welded structure, and uses the alternating magnetic field action generated by the magnetic unit to combine and control the laser and arc energy field of laser-arc hybrid welding, effectively suppressing plasma, increasing the droplet flying speed and molten pool flow speed of laser-arc hybrid welding, improving the heat transfer and energy efficiency of the laser and arc, making the droplet transfer more stable, and improving the arc directionality. At the same time, a magnetic field stirring effect is formed inside the weld bead molten pool, further refining the weld bead grain structure and enhancing the gas discharge ability, and improving the mechanical performance and fatigue strength of the hybrid welding head under magnetic field superposition by at least 5% compared with traditional hybrid welding heads. Effect of the Invention

[0035] The one or more technical measures described above in the present application have at least one of the following technical effects: According to the welding structure, welding device, and welding method of the present application, a stable sealed box structure is formed by inserting and locking the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate into the box structure, and the rigidity of the structure is increased.

[0036] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0037] In order to more clearly describe the technical solutions in the present application or the prior art, the drawings necessary for describing the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Of course, the drawings described below are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

[0038] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic assembly diagram of the welded structure according to the present application. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic assembly diagram of the welded structure according to the present application. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic assembly diagram of the welded structure according to the present application. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic assembly diagram of the welded structure according to the present application. [Diagram 5] This is the fifth schematic assembly diagram of the welded structure according to the present application. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the layout of a welding device according to the present application. [Figure 7] 2 is a flowchart of a welding method according to the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0039] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the present application. Of course, the described embodiments are not all the embodiments, but only some of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments that a person skilled in the art can obtain without creative labor are all within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", and "outside" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for convenience and simplification of the description of the embodiments of the present application, and does not indicate or suggest that the devices or elements shown have a specific orientation or are configured or operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present application. In addition, terms such as "first", "second", and "third" are merely for explanation, and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance.

[0041] In some specific implementation methods of the present application, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, the method provides a welded structure, including a first cover plate 10, a second cover plate 20, a web plate 30, and a rib plate 40, the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 20 are spaced apart from each other, a plurality of web plates 30 are spaced apart from each other along a first direction and are respectively inserted and fitted into the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 20, and a plurality of rib plates 40 are spaced apart from each other along a second direction and are respectively inserted and fitted into the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 20, where the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the web plate 30 and the rib plate 40 are respectively inserted and fitted into each other.

[0042] Specifically, to address the deficiencies of conventional box-type structures that require tuning and compensation, resulting in strength loss and performance degradation, the present application provides a welded structure and employs an insert-fit lock between top and bottom cover plates for the box-type structure, thereby forming a stable sealed box-type structure and increasing the rigidity of the structure.

[0043] In some possible embodiments of the present application, a first slot 11 and a second slot 12 are provided on the surface of the first cover plate 10, the first slots 11 are spaced apart along a first direction, and the first slots 11 are inserted and fitted into the web plate 30 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the second slots 12 are spaced apart along a second direction, and the second slots 12 are inserted and fitted into the rib plate 40 in a one-to-one correspondence, where a groove 50 is provided on the side of the first slots 11 and the second slots 12 facing the second cover plate 20.

[0044] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a first cover plate 10, and by providing a first slot 11 and a second slot 12, the first cover plate 10 is inserted and fitted into the web plate 30 and the rib plate 40.

[0045] Furthermore, by providing the grooves 50 on the sides of the first slot 11 and the second slot 12 facing the second cover plate 20, it is possible to facilitate quick and accurate assembly of the insertion and locking structure without any gaps; at the same time, the grooves 50 improve the backside forming of the weld bead and enhance the penetration of the root of the weld bead, which not only meets the assembly requirements but also improves the assembly efficiency.

[0046] In a possible embodiment, the groove 50 is a single V-shaped opening provided on the side of the first cover plate 10 facing the second cover plate 20 .

[0047] In some possible embodiments of the present application, a third slot 21 and a fourth slot 22 are provided on the surface of the second cover plate 20, the third slots 21 are spaced apart along a first direction, and the third slots 21 are inserted and fitted into the web plate 30 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the fourth slots 22 are spaced apart along a second direction, and the fourth slots 22 are inserted and fitted into the rib plate 40 in a one-to-one correspondence, where a groove 50 is provided on the side of the third slots 21 and the fourth slots 22 facing the first cover plate 10.

[0048] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of the second cover plate 20, and by providing a third slot 21 and a fourth slot 22, the second cover plate 20 is inserted and fitted with the web plate 30 and the rib plate 40.

[0049] Furthermore, by providing the grooves 50 on the sides of the third slot 21 and the fourth slot 22 facing the first cover plate 10, it is possible to facilitate quick and accurate assembly of the insertion and locking structure without any gaps; at the same time, the grooves 50 improve the backside forming of the weld bead and improve the penetration of the root of the weld bead, which not only meets the assembly requirements but also improves the assembly efficiency.

[0050] In a possible embodiment, the groove 50 is a single V-shaped opening provided on the side of the first cover plate 10 facing the second cover plate 20 .

[0051] In some possible embodiments of the present application, the first cover plate 10, the second cover plate 20, the web plate 30 and the rib plate 40 are all made from high strength weathering steel.

[0052] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a manufacturing material for a welded structure. As the running speed of high-speed trains and urban rail trains increases, the need for reducing the weight of trains increases. Therefore, a design for reducing the weight and weight of trains is carried out by using high-strength weathering steel instead of ordinary low-alloy steel, and the engineering characteristics of high-strength weathering steel, such as high strength, good plasticity, excellent fatigue resistance, and good cost performance, are utilized.

[0053] In a possible embodiment, the welded structure is made of high-strength weathering steel and is thinned from the original 8-12 mm thickness to 5-8 mm, reducing the weight by at least 20% compared to conventional closed box structures.

[0054] In a possible embodiment, the welded structure is applied to a chassis of a track vehicle.

[0055] In a possible embodiment, the welded structure is a bolster for a rail car.

[0056] In some specific implementation methods of the present application, as shown in Figures 1 to 6, the method provides a welding apparatus for a welded structure, including a support part, a welding part 100, and an adjustment part, the support part has a support surface for supporting the welded structure, the welding part 100 is connected to the support part to realize welding to the welded structure, the adjustment part is connected to the support part and abuts against the welding surface of the welded structure, and in the process of welding to the welded structure, the adjustment part adjusts the magnitude of the biasing force on the welding surface of the welded structure, thereby realizing control over the flatness of the welded structure.

[0057] Specifically, in order to solve the defects such as the need for manual tuning and correction in the past, which resulted in strength loss and performance degradation, inability to effectively suppress welding distortion, a large amount of work required for repeated verification, inability to accurately and dynamically adjust according to the progression trend and change amount of deformation of the welded structure, and poor reverse deformation effect, the present application further provides a welding device for a welded structure, and by providing a multi-point flexible support on the supporting surface, it is possible to precisely control welding distortion, precisely and quantitatively suppress defects, and effectively improve structural performance, thereby improving manufacturing precision, reducing manufacturing costs, and significantly improving production efficiency.

[0058] In some possible embodiments of the present application, the support includes a support base 60 and a drive unit 70, where the surface of the support base 60 forms the support surface, and the drive unit 70 is connected to the support base 60 so as to realize adjustment of the rotation angle of the support base 60.

[0059] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a support part, and by providing a support base 60, support for the welding structure is realized, and at the same time, the driving unit 70 realizes the inversion of the support base 60, thereby meeting the needs of welding from different angles.

[0060] In addition, all of the conventional welding of bolsters adopt a single welding mechanism, that is, a single welding torch is used for welding. In the process of welding the bolster, there is a problem that manual turning over, repeated positioning and clamping are required, and it is difficult to perform clamping formation in one go. Therefore, it also affects the processing accuracy of the bolster and improves the labor strength. At the same time, the conventional method has a situation where a single support is provided for the bolster, and with a single welding distortion suppression measure, the manufacturing accuracy after welding of the box-type bolster structure has still not reached the tuning-free standard.

[0061] In addition, the present application does not limit the specific structure of the drive unit 70. The drive unit 70 includes a motor, a bearing, a support mechanism, a transmission mechanism, etc. Due to space limitations, the present application does not describe the specific structure in detail. In actual applications, those skilled in the art can refer to the installation in related fields according to actual situations.

[0062] In some possible embodiments of the present application, the weld 100 is a laser arc hybrid welding setup that is connected to a support.

[0063] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of the welding part 100, and by combining the laser arc hybrid welding mechanism with the supporting part and the adjusting part, system innovation is realized for the entire manufacturing chain of product structure development, welding equipment research and development, and welding process control. This effectively overcomes the technical barriers of the traditional laser arc hybrid welding closed box structure, which is difficult to assemble, has low efficiency and is not stable, solves the engineering difficulties of the large volume of the laser arc hybrid welding torch and has a lot of spatial interference in the traditional assembly method, and breaks through the technical bottleneck of the medium and thick plate laser arc hybrid welding, which is difficult to discharge pores and has poor back surface forming.

[0064] In a possible embodiment, the cooperation of the laser arc hybrid welding with the groove 50 corresponding to the weld bead on the back side of the welded structure greatly facilitates the gas inside the laser arc hybrid welding molten pool to be exhausted from the back side of the molten pool, effectively suppressing the porosity defects of medium-thickness laser arc hybrid welding.

[0065] In a possible embodiment, the laser arc hybrid welding mechanism employs a process of weld forming the weld surface in one go during the welding process of the welded structure to complete the welding.

[0066] In some possible embodiments of the present application, the adjustment unit includes a magnetic unit 80 and a sensor unit 90, where a plurality of magnetic units 80 are provided on the support base 60 to realize positioning of the welded structure by magnetic attraction, and a plurality of sensor units 90 are provided on the support base 60 to feed back welding parameters during the welding process of the welded structure to the welding portion 100.

[0067] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of an adjustment part, in which a magnetic unit 80 and a sensor unit 90 are provided on the surface, i.e., the support surface, of the support base 60, thereby realizing positioning for the closed box-type welded structure made of high-strength weathering steel and obtaining corresponding parameters during the welding process, thereby realizing the engineering goals of precisely controlling the welding deformation, effectively suppressing welding defects, and greatly improving the weld bead structure performance.

[0068] In addition, the sealed box structure of high-strength weathering steel is complex, has a large number of weld beads, and has a small welding pitch (minimum pitch of up to 5 mm). The assembly requirements are strict and must be controlled within the range of 0 to 0.5 mm. The assembly is difficult, and the traditional assembly mode has difficulty meeting the special assembly requirements of laser-arc hybrid welding.

[0069] It should be particularly mentioned here that although laser-arc hybrid welding has engineering characteristics such as small welding deformation, high manufacturing precision, strong penetration ability, good welding quality, fast welding speed, and high work efficiency, when applied to a closed box structure, the following problems still exist: the volume of the laser-arc hybrid welding torch is large, the welding space is easily interfered with, the traditional positioning and pressing device occupies a lot of physical space, and spatial interference between the hybrid welding torch and the pressing device is commonly present, making it impossible to realize fully automatic spatial welding of closed box structures by laser-arc hybrid welding.

[0070] In a possible embodiment, the support base 60 is provided with a magnetic unit 80 to achieve adhesion to a closed box-type welded structure made of high-strength weathering steel.

[0071] In a possible embodiment, the magnetic unit 80 is an electromagnet.

[0072] In a possible embodiment, a number of high-precision electromagnets are fitted into the support base 60, and the electromagnetic attraction control modules are distributed in a number of spots along the length and width of the support base 60, and the arrangement positions of the electromagnetic attraction control modules are set according to the needs of supporting, positioning and constraints of the workpiece. The pitch between different modules is generally 500 to 800 mm, and the positions of the electromagnet control modules are steplessly adjusted and precisely set by servo motors along the length, width and height of the support base 60, with a control precision of 0.1 mm. Each electromagnetic attraction control module is fitted with a high-precision machining component to realize precise positioning and support for the box-shaped part. The magnetic field strength of the electromagnetic attraction control module is adjusted by setting the magnitude of the current, and each module is adjusted by setting the magnitude of the current. The supporting and suction force of the roller can be digitally set and quantitatively adjusted between 0 and 50KN. Through precise and quantitative control of the position and suction force of the electromagnet, the insert structure box can achieve accurate setting of the reverse deformation amount along the three directions of length, width and height, multi-point accurate supporting and positioning, and multi-point flexible suction and pressing, thereby ensuring that the entire precision assembly and welding process of the box structure is effectively restricted. The electromagnet suction assembly method changes the unfavorable situation of a lot of spatial physical interference in traditional assembly, and maximizes the spatial accessibility of laser arc hybrid welding. At the same time, it ensures the accurate setting, flexible pressing and dynamic control of the spatial position and rigidity constraints in the welding process, greatly improving the precision of welding deformation and the ability to control real-time.

[0073] In a possible embodiment, compared with a permanent magnet, an electromagnet does not suffer from the phenomenon of demagnetization due to welding heat, so the electromagnetic control module distributed in a discrete spot manner can independently output the spatial position and the suction pressure, and the reverse deformation amount and the suction pressure are controlled according to the support position set digitally and in real time, thereby achieving the engineering purpose of flexible and precise control of the welding deformation, and meeting the special assembly and welding requirements of the large volume of the laser-arc hybrid welding torch, which requires a wide working space, and strict assembly precision.

[0074] In some specific implementations of the present application, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 7, the present application provides a welding method based on the above welding apparatus, Obtaining a first welding characteristic value in a welding process of the welded structure, where the first welding characteristic value indicates a distortion amount parameter of the welded structure; generating a first adjustment policy for controlling an amount of distortion of a weld surface of the welded structure based on the first weld characteristic value; and performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy.

[0075] Specifically, in order to solve the defects such as the inability to realize the exemption of post-welding tuning of the welded structure in the past, the inability to effectively suppress welding distortion, the large amount of work required for repeated verification, the inability to accurately and dynamically adjust according to the progress trend and change amount of the deformation of the welded structure, and the poor reverse deformation effect, the present application further provides a welding method for a welding device, and by adjusting the magnitude of the multi-point flexible biasing force on the supporting surface, it realizes gap-free, rapid and accurate assembly, multi-point flexible constraint and multi-energy field cooperative and high-performance welding, and synchronously realizes the engineering goals of precisely controlling welding distortion, effectively suppressing welding defects, and greatly improving the weld bead structure performance.

[0076] In some possible embodiments of the present application, in the step of acquiring a first welding characteristic value in a welding process of a welded structure, specifically, Obtaining a first strain characteristic value, a second strain characteristic value, and a third strain characteristic value in a welding process of a welded structure, where the first strain characteristic value refers to a strain area parameter of the welded structure, the second strain characteristic value refers to a strain force parameter corresponding to the first strain characteristic value, and the second strain characteristic value refers to a friction force parameter corresponding to the first strain characteristic value; generating a first weld characteristic value based on the first distortion characteristic value, the second distortion characteristic value, and the third distortion characteristic value.

[0077] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of acquiring a first welding feature value in a welding process of a welded structure, and acquiring a distortion feature value in the welding process of the welded structure realizes the generation of a corresponding first welding feature value.

[0078] In some possible embodiments of the present application, the step of generating a first adjustment policy for controlling an amount of distortion of a welded surface of a welded structure based on a first weld characteristic value specifically includes: Obtaining a preset adjustment area of ​​a welding surface of a corresponding welded structure, and extracting and obtaining all adjustment portions in the corresponding preset adjustment area based on a first distortion characteristic value; generating a first adjustment feature value based on each acquired adjustment unit according to the second distortion feature value, where the first adjustment feature value indicates an adhesive force parameter of the corresponding adjustment unit; generating a second adjustment feature value based on each acquired adjustment portion according to the second distortion feature value and the third distortion feature value, where the second adjustment feature value indicates a friction force parameter between the corresponding adjustment portion and the welded structure; generating a first adjustment policy based on the preset adjustment region based on the first adjustment feature value and the second adjustment feature value.

[0079] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of generating a first adjustment policy for controlling the distortion amount of the welding surface of the welded structure, adjusting the magnitude of the adsorption force of the magnetic unit 80 corresponding to the distortion area based on the adsorption force parameters, and further realizing reverse deformation adjustment in the welding process of the welded structure.

[0080] Furthermore, when adjusting the magnitude of the attractive force of the magnetic unit 80, the friction force parameters need to be monitored to avoid the problem of the welding structure moving during the welding process due to insufficient attractive force.

[0081] In some possible embodiments of the present application, in the step of generating a first adjustment policy based on a preset adjustment region based on the first adjustment feature value and the second adjustment feature value, specifically, Constructing a digital twin model based on the welded structure, Obtaining a first twin adjustment feature value based on the digital twin model based on the first adjustment feature value; Obtaining a second twin adjustment feature value based on the digital twin model based on the second adjustment feature value; determining based on the second twin accommodation feature value; When determining that the second twin adjustment feature value satisfies the preset suction condition, generating a first adjustment policy based on the first adjustment feature value; and generating a first adjustment policy based on the second adjustment feature value when determining that the second twin adjustment feature value does not satisfy the preset suction condition.

[0082] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of generating a first adjustment policy based on a preset adjustment region, and realizes calculation for the reverse deformation amount of the welded structure by constructing a digital twin model, and verifies the adhesion force parameters between the support base 60 and the welded structure, so as to avoid the problem that the adhesion force of the magnetic unit 80 is insufficient, causing the welded structure to move on the support base 60.

[0083] In some possible embodiments of the present application, in the step of performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy, specifically, Obtaining an instantaneous weld area of ​​the welded structure and performing dynamic fitting to the instantaneous weld area and the preset adjustment area; obtaining a first instantaneous adjustment region and a second instantaneous adjustment region based on the dynamic fitting, where the first instantaneous adjustment region is a region corresponding to a first distortion feature value, and the second instantaneous adjustment region is a region within a preset range around the first instantaneous adjustment region; acquiring and determining a magnetic field distortion parameter within a second instantaneous adjustment region; and generating a first adjustment policy based on the preset distortion threshold if determining that the magnetic field distortion parameter does not satisfy the preset distortion threshold.

[0084] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment for performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure, and by monitoring the magnetic field within a preset range around the distortion area of ​​the welded structure, the problem of excessive magnetic field disturbance in the surrounding area caused by adjusting the magnetic unit 80 corresponding to the distortion area can be avoided, ensuring the welding quality, and meeting the engineering needs of dynamically controlling the welding deformation in the hybrid welding process, and further ensuring the accurate welding position to enhance the welding stability.

[0085] In some possible embodiments of the present application, after performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy, specifically: Obtaining a second welding feature value and a third welding feature value during a welding process of the welded structure, where the second welding feature value refers to a welding trajectory parameter of the welded structure and the third feature value refers to a molten pool parameter of the welded structure; generating a second adjustment policy for controlling a magnetic field direction of the adjustment portion based on the second welding characteristic value and the third welding characteristic value; The method further includes providing real-time magnetic field stirring to the molten pool of the welded structure during the welding process according to a second adjusting policy.

[0086] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment for real-time magnetic field stirring for the molten pool of the welded structure, and uses the alternating magnetic field action generated by the magnetic unit 80 to combine and control the laser and arc energy field of laser-arc hybrid welding, effectively suppressing plasma, increasing the droplet flying speed and molten pool flow speed of laser-arc hybrid welding, improving the heat transfer and energy efficiency of the laser and arc, making the droplet transfer more stable, and improving the arc directionality. At the same time, a magnetic field stirring effect is formed inside the weld bead molten pool, further refining the weld bead grain structure and enhancing the gas discharge ability, and improving the mechanical performance and fatigue strength of the hybrid welding head under magnetic field superposition by at least 5% compared with conventional hybrid welding heads.

[0087] In addition, the heat source of hybrid welding is concentrated and has a small active area, which is extremely sensitive to changes in spatial position caused by dynamic small distortions during the welding process of large complex components. If real-time intervention is not made to the small deformations in the welding process, the accumulated distortion will lead to relatively large deviations in the subsequent welding position, and further affect the stability and reliability of the welding process. Therefore, real-time intervention and dynamic control of the welding deformation is required.

[0088] In addition, by combining laser-arc hybrid welding with the magnetic field generated by electromagnet attraction, the stirring action of the electromagnetic force inside the weld bead molten pool can be used to speed up the discharge of gas, effectively reducing the occurrence of weld bead porosity defects. At the same time, the direction of the electromagnetic force can be adjusted to suppress the arc magnetic blow phenomenon, making the arc and droplet transfer more stable. The combined control of the multi-energy field of the magnetic field, laser, and arc can further refine the weld bead grain structure, and the mechanical performance and fatigue strength of the hybrid welding head are significantly improved.

[0089] In other words, by comprehensively utilizing the above-mentioned innovative method, the present application changes the welding manufacturing mode of the sealed box-type structure from the entire manufacturing flow of structural design and development, welding equipment research and development, and welding process development, and has significant effects of improving the manufacturing accuracy, connection strength, and welding quality of the sealed insertion connection box-type component.

[0090] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, terms such as "connected to each other" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected. They may be mechanically connected or electrically connected, and may be directly connected to each other or indirectly connected to each other via an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application according to specific circumstances.

[0091] In the present description, a description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described with reference to the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, schematic expressions of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, a person skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in the present specification with features of different embodiments or examples without mutual contradiction.

[0092] Finally, it should be explained that the above embodiments are only for explaining the present application, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that any combination, modification, or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present application will not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present application, and all of them should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application. [Explanation of symbols]

[0093] 10: First cover plate 11: First slot 12: Second slot 20: Second cover plate 21: Third slot 22: 4th slot 30: Web board 40: Rib board 50: Groove 60: Support stand 70: Drive unit 80: Magnetic unit 90: Sensor unit 100: Welded part.

Claims

1. a first cover plate, a second cover plate, a web plate, and a rib plate; The first cover plate and the second cover plate are provided with a gap therebetween, The plurality of web plates are provided at intervals along a first direction, and are inserted and fitted into the first cover plate and the second cover plate, respectively; The plurality of rib plates are provided at intervals along a second direction, and are inserted and fitted into the first cover plate and the second cover plate, respectively; wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, A welded structure characterized in that the web plate and the rib plate are inserted and fitted into each other.

2. A surface of the first cover plate is provided with a first slot and a second slot, The first slots are spaced apart from one another along the first direction, and the first slots are fitted to the web plates in a one-to-one correspondence; The second slots are spaced apart from one another along the second direction, and the second slots are fitted to the rib plates in a one-to-one correspondence; 2. The welded structure according to claim 1, wherein a groove is provided on the first slot and the second slot on a side facing the second cover plate.

3. a third slot and a fourth slot are provided on a surface of the second cover plate; The third slots are spaced apart from one another along the first direction, and the third slots are fitted to the web plates in a one-to-one correspondence; The fourth slots are spaced apart from one another along the second direction, and the fourth slots are fitted into the rib plates in a one-to-one correspondence; 2. The welded structure according to claim 1, wherein a groove is provided on the third slot and the fourth slot on a side facing the first cover plate.

4. The welded structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first cover plate, the second cover plate, the web plate, and the rib plate are all made of high-strength weathering steel.

5. A welding device having a welding structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a support portion, a welding portion, and an adjustment portion; The support portion is formed with a support surface that supports the welded structure, the weld portion is connected to the support portion to provide welding to the welded structure; The adjustment portion is connected to the support portion and abuts against a welding surface of the welded structure, Here, the welding device for a welded structure is characterized in that, during the process of welding the welded structure, the adjustment unit adjusts the magnitude of the spring force on the welding surface of the welded structure, thereby achieving control over the flatness of the welded structure.

6. The support unit includes a support base and a drive unit. a surface of the support platform forming the support surface; The welding device of claim 5, wherein the driving unit is connected to the support table so as to realize adjustment of a rotation angle of the support table.

7. The welding device of claim 5, wherein the welding portion is a laser arc hybrid welding mechanism connected to the support portion.

8. the adjustment unit includes a magnetic unit and a sensor unit; The magnetic units are provided on the support base so as to realize positioning of the welded structure by magnetic attraction, 8. The welding device for a welded structure according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of sensor units are provided on the support table so as to feed back welding parameters in a welding process of the welded structure to the welding portion.

9. A welding method based on a welding device of a welding structure according to any one of claims 5 to 8, Obtaining a first welding feature value in a welding process of a welded structure, where the first welding feature value indicates a distortion amount parameter of the welded structure; generating a first adjustment policy for controlling an amount of distortion of a weld surface of the welded structure based on the first weld feature value; performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during a welding process according to the first adjustment policy.

10. In the step of acquiring the first welding feature value in the welding process of the welded structure, specifically, Obtaining a first strain characteristic value, a second strain characteristic value, and a third strain characteristic value during a welding process of the welded structure, where the first strain characteristic value indicates a strain area parameter of the welded structure, the second strain characteristic value indicates a strain force parameter corresponding to the first strain characteristic value, and the second strain characteristic value indicates a friction force parameter corresponding to the first strain characteristic value; 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: generating the first weld feature value based on the first distortion feature value, the second distortion feature value, and the third distortion feature value.

11. In the step of generating a first adjustment policy for controlling a distortion amount of a welding surface of the welded structure based on the first welding characteristic value, specifically, Obtaining a preset adjustment area of ​​a corresponding welding surface of the welded structure, and extracting and obtaining all the adjustment portions within the corresponding preset adjustment area based on the first distortion feature value; generating a first adjustment feature value based on each of the acquired adjustment parts according to the second distortion feature value, where the first adjustment feature value indicates an adhesive force parameter of the corresponding adjustment part; generating a second adjustment characteristic value for each of the acquired adjustment portions based on the second distortion characteristic value and the third distortion characteristic value, where the second adjustment characteristic value indicates a friction force parameter between the corresponding adjustment portion and the welding structure; The method of claim 10, further comprising: generating the first adjustment policy based on the preset adjustment region based on the first adjustment feature value and the second adjustment feature value.

12. In the step of generating the first adjustment policy based on the preset adjustment region based on the first adjustment feature value and the second adjustment feature value, specifically, Constructing a digital twin model based on the welded structure; and Obtaining a first twin adjustment feature value based on the digital twin model based on the first adjustment feature value; Obtaining a second twin adjustment feature value based on the digital twin model based on the second adjustment feature value; determining based on the second twin accommodation feature value; generating the first adjustment policy based on the first adjustment feature value when it is determined that the second twin adjustment feature value satisfies a preset suction condition; The method of claim 11, further comprising: generating the first adjustment policy based on the second adjustment feature value when it is determined that the second twin adjustment feature value does not satisfy a preset suction condition.

13. In the step of performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy, specifically, obtaining an instant welding area of ​​the welded structure and performing dynamic fitting to the instant welding area and the preset adjustment area; obtaining a first instantaneous adjustment region and a second instantaneous adjustment region based on the dynamic fitting, where the first instantaneous adjustment region is a region corresponding to the first distortion feature value and the second instantaneous adjustment region is a region within a preset range around the first instantaneous adjustment region; acquiring and determining a magnetic field distortion parameter within the second instantaneous adjustment region; 13. The method of claim 11 or 12, further comprising: if it is determined that the magnetic field distortion parameter does not satisfy a preset distortion threshold, generating the first adjustment policy based on the preset distortion threshold.

14. After performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy, specifically: obtaining a second welding feature value and a third welding feature value during a welding process of the welded structure, where the second welding feature value refers to a welding trajectory parameter of the welded structure and the third feature value refers to a molten pool parameter of the welded structure; generating a second adjustment policy for controlling a magnetic field direction of the adjustment portion based on the second welding characteristic value and the third welding characteristic value; The method of any one of claims 9 to 12, further comprising: providing real-time magnetic field stirring to a molten pool of the welded structure during a welding process according to the second adjusting policy.

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