Method for Evaluating Combustion Appearance of Cigarette

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for evaluating the combustion appearance of a cigarette. It includes step S1 of collecting data on the external attributes of the cigarette, step S2 of standardizing the data of the cigarette, step S3 of constructing a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix for the external attributes of the cigarette, and step S4 of determining the weight vector of each attribute by factor analysis to perform the calculation of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and determining the final evaluation level based on the calculated fuzzy vector B. For the problem of analyzing and evaluating the combustion appearance of a cigarette, the present invention can determine the factor weight vector of data from different attributes and different samples by establishing a fuzzy comprehensive model of the combustion appearance of the cigarette, and obtain the level evaluation of the combustion appearance of the cigarette in combination with the subjective evaluation of each appearance attribute of the cigarette sample.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of the combustion appearance of cigarettes, and more specifically, to a method for evaluating the combustion appearance of cigarettes.

Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the market economy, the cigarette industry has shown a good development trend, and gradually realized the computer-aided production of tobacco leaves, environment-friendly prevention and control technologies, and the systematization of quality traceability. As people's consumption levels gradually improve, the manufacturing quality standards of cigarettes are becoming increasingly high. In the production of cigarettes, technology updates and iterations continue, and a manufacturing process that reduces the harm of cigarettes and improves product quality is being explored.

[0003] The research and development of cigarettes need to pass the review procedures such as clinical trial observation, pharmacology and toxicity tests, and component analysis by the health department. The production of cigarettes needs to conduct quality determination according to the national standards GB5606 - 5610 - 85 and meet the quality evaluation requirements. Quality inspection mainly focuses on the evaluation of the internal quality, external quality, and tar content of cigarettes. The combustion appearance of cigarettes is an important appearance form that smokers can intuitively feel during the combustion process of cigarette products, and its quality directly affects smokers' judgment of the quality of cigarette products. And during the smoking process of cigarettes, the frequent occurrence of ash dropping and ash scattering of cigarettes, and in severe cases, the dropping of the combustion cone not only pollutes the environment but also causes discomfort and dissatisfaction in the environment where smokers and passive smokers are located. It is also one of the factors that affect smokers' loyalty to cigarette brands and may even pose safety risks. On the other hand, with the development of cigarette technology and the continuous improvement of consumption levels and quality, smokers' requirements for the quality of cigarettes are also increasing. The attention and selection of cigarette products are gradually expanding to more factors such as taste, price, and packaging. The appearance state after the combustion of cigarettes is attracting more and more attention from smokers due to its intuitiveness. From the perspective of smokers, the experiences brought about by the combustion and smoking of cigarettes, such as the combustion time and the length of ash remaining on the cigarette, are the most important evaluation items.

[0004] In recent years, in the tobacco industry, research has been carried out on the combustion appearance form of cigarettes, mainly including two aspects: research on the ash convergence and ash scattering of cigarettes and research on detection methods. However, there is no perfect method to evaluate the combustion appearance during the smoking process of cigarettes. The objective evaluation of the combustion appearance of cigarettes is very important for the objective analysis of the appearance of cigarettes and the comparison of the combustion appearance forms of different cigarettes.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention is proposed.

Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to comprehensively evaluate the combustion appearance during the smoking process of cigarettes, form a perfect analysis and evaluation method, provide effective cigarette quality information for the cigarette manufacturing industry, and provide effective feedback for improving the cigarette manufacturing method.

[0007] To fill the gaps in the above evaluation items, the present invention establishes a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for the combustion appearance applicable to all types of cigarettes, records each external attribute of the cigarette using a panoramic camera and inputs it into the model, and finally obtains a comprehensive score reflecting the combustion appearance of the test cigarette, thereby providing an analysis and evaluation method for the combustion appearance of cigarettes.

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides an evaluation method for the combustion appearance of cigarettes, including the following steps.

[0009] S1: A step of collecting data on the external attributes of cigarettes, which is to collect the external attributes of cigarettes including 11 attributes in total, namely the cracking rate, the deviation degree of the ash column, the gray degree of the ash column, the length of the ash column, the area of the ash column, the ash shrinkage rate, the ash scattering value, the ash retention rate, the width of the carbonization line, the uniformity of the carbonization line, and the combustion speed, in the real-time smoking state of the cigarettes.

[0010] To collect the external attributes of a cigarette, devices and methods commonly used in the prior art can be employed. However, it is preferable to collect the external attributes of a cigarette by using a manipulator that simulates the entire process of human cigarette smoking and capturing the real-time smoking state of the cigarette with a camera system. Here, the manipulator for simulating the human cigarette smoking process and smoking environment is the patent application filed by the applicant on April 20, 2020, with the application number 202010329623.9 and the invention title "Manipulator for Simulating the Entire Process of Human Cigarette Smoking and Its Simulation Method". Also, the method for collecting the external attributes of a cigarette using this manipulator is the patent application filed by the applicant on April 26, 2020, with the application number 202010340747.7 and the invention title "Method for Measuring the Ash Convergence of a Cigarette during Combustion in All Directions by Simulating the Entire Process of Human Cigarette Smoking Using a Manipulator". Furthermore, the technical means of the above two patents regarding the manipulator and the method for measuring the ash convergence of a cigarette are incorporated into this application.

[0011] The meanings of the external attributes of the above-mentioned cigarette are as follows. The crack ratio is the ratio of the area of ash fragments falling or cracking on the ash column to the total surface area of the ash column. The deviation degree of the ash column is the maximum deviation angle between the burned ash column of the cigarette and the axis of the filter rod of the cigarette. The grayness of the ash column reflects the relative color difference in the same reference system of the remaining part after excluding cracks after the cigarette burns, and the larger the value, the whiter the ash column becomes. The length of the ash column is the length of the ash column formed after the cigarette burns. The area of the ash column is the width of the ash column formed after the cigarette burns. The ash shrinkage rate is the ratio of the area of the ash column after the cigarette burns to the area before combustion. The ash scattering value is the area of the ash that has fallen at positions other than the specified ash tapping position. The ash retention rate is the ratio of the maximum value of the length of the ash column that can be retained during the combustion process of the cigarette to the length of the cigarette burned to the butt. The width of the carbonized line is the width of the carbonized line at the bottom of the combustion cone of the cigarette. The uniformity of the carbonized line is the maximum deviation angle between the carbonized line at the bottom of the combustion cone of the cigarette and the cross-section of the cigarette. The combustion speed is the ratio of the combustion time to the combustion length.

[0012] S2. A step of standardizing the data of the cigarette, which standardizes the data using the following formula to Obtain TIFF2025516439000002.tif5170. TIFF2025516439000003.tif31170

[0013] S3. A step of constructing a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix for the external attributes of the cigarette, The attribute set is Each of TIFF2025516439000004.tif5170 represents different external attributes of the cigarette), and it is defined that The evaluation set is TIFF2025516439000005.tif5170 represents different evaluation results), and it is defined that TIFF2025516439000006.tif18170 The fuzzy sets of single-factor evaluations of all attributes are Steps for constructing TIFF2025516439000007.tif5170.

[0014] S4. Determine the weight vector of each attribute by factor analysis and perform the calculation of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The calculated Steps for determining the final evaluation level based on TIFF2025516439000008.tif5170, When establishing the factor analysis model of the following form for each attribute, TIFF2025516439000009.tif31170 The above factor analysis model is represented in the following matrix form, TIFF2025516439000010.tif11170 Each common factor is an independent normal random variable with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1, and its covariance matrix is TIFF2025516439000011.tif5170 Assume that it is, and assume that each special factor and between the special factor and the common factor are independent of each other, that is TIFF2025516439000012.tif24170 Assume that it is, TIFF2025516439000013.tif58170 When they are close, that is, when the residual is less than 5%, it is judged that the goodness of fit of the model is good and continue, By rotating the factors counterclockwise, the interpretability and uniqueness of the transformed factors become clear. When performing plane orthogonal rotation on two factors, TIFF2025516439000014.tif5170 has the following form, TIFF2025516439000015.tif5170 Taking the following orthogonal matrix, TIFF2025516439000016.tif13170 TIFF2025516439000017.tif5170 is the rotated factor loading matrix, and the model becomes the following form, TIFF2025516439000018.tif6170 At this time, the common factor is TIFF2025516439000019.tif becomes 6170, and since the current objective of rotating the two factors is to divide the variables into two parts explained by different factors, it is necessary to maximize the variance with TIFF2025516439000020.tif6170, and the relative variance between the two is represented by TIFF2025516439000021.tif15170, the influence of TIFF2025516439000022.tif5170 and the influence due to different dependencies of each attribute variable on the common factor are excluded, Next, satisfy TIFF2025516439000023.tif24170, for TIFF2025516439000024.tif50170, rotate these factors two by two, and in one complete rotation process, select two by two from TIFF2025516439000025.tif5170 and rotate them counterclockwise, for a total of TIFF2025516439000026.tif5170, and after one rotation is completed, proceed to the next cycle. In this repetition, TIFF2025516439000027.tif5170 gradually increases, and the rotation stops until the difference between the total variance of a certain cycle and the total variance of the previous cycle is 5% or less. At this time, by multiplying with TIFF2025516439000028.tif5170 standard orthonormal eigenvectors Then, through fuzzy transformation, TIFF2025516439000030.tif11170 corresponds one-to-one, and the evaluation corresponding to the maximum element is the step of the final evaluation level of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the cigarette.

[0015] Preferably, in step S1, by using a manipulator that simulates the entire process of human smoking of a cigarette and capturing the real-time smoking state of the cigarette with a camera system, the external attributes of the cigarette are collected.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, TIFF2025516439000031.tif is at level 5170 in descending order. TIFF2025516439000032.tif is 5170.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, TIFF2025516439000033.tif is obtained by the scoring of experts at level 5170.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects. 1. Regarding the problem of analyzing and evaluating the combustion appearance of a cigarette, the present invention can determine the factor weight vector of data of different attributes from different samples and obtain the level evaluation of the combustion appearance of the cigarette by establishing a fuzzy comprehensive model of the combustion appearance of the cigarette. 2. The evaluation method of the present invention is consistent with the actual appearance performance results during the combustion of the cigarette, and the evaluation results can objectively reflect the appearance performance during the combustion of the cigarette, which is very important for the objective analysis of the ash convergence and ash scattering properties of the cigarette and the comparison of the external attributes of different cigarettes.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019]

Figure 1

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0020] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. For experimental methods where specific conditions are not specified in the examples, they usually follow the conditions described in conventional conditions and manuals, or the conditions proposed by the manufacturer. General devices, materials, reagents, etc. used can all be commercially available unless otherwise specified. All raw materials required in the following examples and comparative examples are commercially available products.

[0021] Example 1 The present invention provides a method for analyzing and evaluating the combustion appearance of a cigarette, which includes the following steps.

[0022] S1. Collect data on the external attributes of the cigarette. Under the simulated smoking state by a robot and environmental simulation conditions, the real-time state of the cigarette, including the cracking rate, the deviation degree of the ash column, the grayness of the ash column, the length of the ash column, the area of the ash column, the ash shrinkage rate, the ash scattering value, the ash retention rate, the width of the carbonization line, the uniformity of the carbonization line, and the combustion rate, is captured from various angles using multiple cameras.

[0023] Two sets of industrial multi-axis manipulators are used to clamp the cigarette to simulate the movements of the arm and wrist when a smoker smokes. The moving speed and angle of the manipulator can be adjusted within a predetermined range. The ash tapping action is simulated by applying force with the fingers of the manipulator, and the strength, interval, and number of taps can be adjusted within a predetermined range. A suction device is used to simulate the smoking process, and the suction mode, suction time, suction volume, and suction interval can be adjusted within a predetermined range. Data collection is performed using a high-speed and high-precision smart camera set with a resolution of 1600*1200 and a frame rate of 50 fps or more.

[0024] The external attributes of the collected cigarette butts include 11 attributes: the cracking rate, the deviation degree of the ash column, the gray degree of the ash column, the length of the ash column, the area of the ash column, the ash shrinkage rate, the ash scattering value, the ash retention rate, the width of the carbonization line, the uniformity of the carbonization line, and the combustion speed. The meanings of these external attributes are as follows. The cracking rate is the ratio of the area of ash fragments falling or cracking on the ash column to the total surface area of the ash column. The deviation degree of the ash column is the maximum deviation angle between the burned ash column of the cigarette and the axis of the filter rod of the cigarette. The gray degree of the ash column reflects the relative color difference in the same reference system of the remaining part after excluding the cracks after the cigarette burns, and the larger the value, the whiter the ash column. The length of the ash column is the length of the ash column formed after the cigarette burns. The area of the ash column is the width of the ash column formed after the cigarette burns. The ash shrinkage rate is the ratio of the area of the ash column after the cigarette burns to the area before combustion. The ash scattering value is the area of the ash that has fallen at a position other than the designated ash tapping position. The ash retention rate is the ratio of the longest value of the ash column that can be retained during the combustion process of the cigarette to the length of the cigarette burned to the butt. The width of the carbonization line is the width of the carbonization line at the bottom of the combustion cone of the cigarette. The uniformity of the carbonization line is the maximum deviation angle between the carbonization line at the bottom of the combustion cone of the cigarette and the cross-section of the cigarette. The combustion speed is the ratio of the combustion time to the combustion length.

[0025] In the embodiment, 390 cigarette samples of normal thickness were collected, and the 11 appearance indexes shown above were collected for each sample. The collected values of each index of each sample are shown in Table 1. Here, TIFF2025516439000034.tif18170 is represented.

[0026] TIFF2025516439000035.tif249170TIFF2025516439000036.tif252170TIFF2025516439000037.tif252170TIFF2025516439000038.tif252170TIFF2025516439000039.tif252170TIFF2025516439000040.tif252170TIFF2025516439000041.tif252170TIFF2025516439000042.tif252170TIFF2025516439000043.tif252170TIFF2025516439000044.tif252170TIFF2025516439000045.tif155170

[0027] S2. Standardize the data of the cigarette. TIFF2025516439000046.tif5170Define the data of the cigarette collected in step S1, TIFF2025516439000047.tif5170which represents the measured values of 11 external attributes of the cigarette. Standardize the data using the following formula to obtain a mean value and a unit variance of zero TIFF2025516439000048.tif5170 TIFF2025516439000049.tif24170

[0028] Taking the four cigarette samples 1, 100, 167, and 300 in the examples as an example, the data of each standardized index is shown in Table 2.

[0029] TIFF2025516439000050.tif40170

[0030] S3. Construct a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix for the external attributes of the cigarette. TIFF2025516439000051.tif31170

[0031] Obtained by the scoring of experts TIFF2025516439000052.tif18170 The fuzzy set of single-factor evaluation of all attributes is TIFF2025516439000053.tif5170

[0032] Taking the four cigarette samples 1, 100, 167, and 300 in the examples as an example, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrices of each sample are shown in Tables 3 to 6.

[0033] TIFF2025516439000054.tif87170

[0034] TIFF2025516439000055.tif87170

[0035] TIFF2025516439000056.tif87170

[0036] TIFF2025516439000057.tif87170

[0037] S4. Determine the weight vector of each attribute by factor analysis and calculate the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. Establish a factor analysis model of the following form for each attribute TIFF2025516439000058.tif31170 In this case, the factor analysis model can be represented in the following matrix form TIFF2025516439000059.tif11170 Each common factor is an independent normal random variable with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1 TIFF2025516439000060.tif5170 Among each special factor and between the special factor and the common factor are independent of each other, that is TIFF2025516439000061.tif24170 Assuming that TIFF2025516439000062.tif12170 then TIFF2025516439000063.tif12170 is decomposed as TIFF2025516439000064.tif22170 and becomes

[0038] So far, regarding the examples, the correlation coefficient matrix calculated using 390 samples is shown in Table 7, and the principal component factor loading matrix is shown in Table 8.

[0039] TIFF2025516439000065.tif87170

[0040] TIFF2025516439000066.tif87170

[0041] The variance of the specific factor is estimated by the diagonal elements of TIFF2025516439000067.tif5170, that is TIFF2025516439000068.tif9170, and the residual matrix can be represented by TIFF2025516439000069.tif6170.

[0042] Since the explanation of the principal components is not strictly unique, by rotating the factors counterclockwise, the interpretability and uniqueness of the transformed factors become clear. When performing plane orthogonal rotation on two factors, TIFF2025516439000070.tif5170 has the following form, TIFF2025516439000071.tif5170 Taking the following orthogonal matrix, TIFF2025516439000072.tif13170TIFF2025516439000073.tif5170 is the rotated factor loading matrix, and the model becomes the following form, TIFF2025516439000074.tif6170 At this time, the common factor is TIFF2025516439000075.tif6170 Currently, TIFF2025516439000076.tif6170 needs to maximize the variance with TIFF2025516439000077.tif15170 can be represented. In this form, TIFF2025516439000078.tif It is possible to eliminate the influence of 5170 and the influence due to the different dependencies of each attribute variable on the common factor. Next, TIFF2025516439000079.tif 69170 should be satisfied, and TIFF2025516439000080.tif 5170 rotate these factors two by two. In one complete rotation process, TIFF2025516439000081.tif 5170 select two factors and rotate them counterclockwise, TIFF2025516439000082.tif 5170 when one rotation is completed, proceed to the next cycle, and in this repetition TIFF2025516439000083.tif 5170 stop rotating until the difference between the total variance of a certain cycle and the total variance of the previous cycle is 5% or less. TIFF2025516439000084.tif 5170 By multiplying with the standard orthogonal eigenvector, the factor weight vector of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation: TIFF2025516439000085.tif 6170 is obtained.

[0043] Regarding the example, the rotated factor loading matrix calculated using 390 samples is shown in Table 9.

[0044] TIFF2025516439000086.tif 87170

[0045] Correspondingly, the factor weight vector of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is as follows. TIFF2025516439000087.tif 18170 That is TIFF2025516439000088.tif 5170 and TIFF2025516439000089.tif 5170 they correspond one-to-one, and the evaluation corresponding to the maximum element is the final evaluation level of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the cigarette.

[0046] Taking four cigarette samples 1, 100, 167, and 300 of the embodiments as examples, the fuzzy vector of sample 1 is TIFF2025516439000090.tif5170, and the combustion appearance of the cigarette is evaluated as "fairly good". The fuzzy vector of sample 100 is TIFF2025516439000091.tif5170, and the combustion appearance of the cigarette is evaluated as "good". The fuzzy vector of sample 167 is TIFF2025516439000092.tif5170, and the combustion appearance of the cigarette is evaluated as "ordinary". The fuzzy vector of sample 300 is TIFF2025516439000093.tif5170, and the combustion appearance of the cigarette is evaluated as "very good".

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the combustion appearance of a cigarette, comprising: S1, a step of collecting data on the external attributes of a cigarette, wherein in the real-time smoking state of the cigarette, the external attributes of the cigarette including 11 attributes of the cracking rate, the deviation degree of the ash column, the gray degree of the ash column, the length of the ash column, the area of the ash column, the ash shrinkage rate, the ash scattering value, the ash holding rate, the width of the carbonization line, the uniformity of the carbonization line, and the combustion rate are collected; S2, a step of normalizing the data of the cigarette, wherein the data is normalized using the following formula to obtain; (In the formula, is the data of the cigarette collected in step S1, represents the measured values of 11 external attributes of the cigarette, ). S3, a step of constructing a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix of the external attributes of the cigarette, comprising: defining the attribute set as and defining the evaluation set as The fuzzy sets of single-factor evaluations of all attributes are constituted; S4, a step of determining the weight vector of each attribute by factor analysis and performing the calculation of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, and determining the final evaluation level based on the calculated , wherein when establishing a factor analysis model of the following form for each attribute (where represents the number of common factors (i.e., the number of variables), is the common factor of each variable, is the special factor only related to is the factor loading, ). The above factor analysis model is represented in the following matrix form Assuming that each common factor is an independent normal random variable with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1, and its covariance matrix is , and assuming that each special factor is independent of each other and the special factor and the common factor are independent of each other, that is (where represents the variance of the special factor). Assuming and is decomposed as When defining the corresponding orthonormal eigenvector as then The variance of the special factor is estimated by the diagonal elements of , that is and The residual matrix can be represented as If the residual between is less than 5%, it is determined that the fitness of the model is good and the process continues. By rotating the factors counterclockwise, the interpretability and uniqueness of the transformed factors are clarified. When performing plane orthogonal rotation on two factors, has the following form When taking the following orthogonal matrix is the rotated factor loading matrix, and the model becomes the following form At this time, the common factor is Since the current purpose of rotating the two factors is to divide the variables into two parts explained by different factors, ​ It is necessary to maximize the dispersion with respect to, and the relative dispersion of the two can be expressed as and the influence of and the influence due to different dependencies of each attribute variable on the common factor are excluded. Next, satisfies Rotate these factors two by two. In one complete rotation process, Select two by two and rotate them counterclockwise, with a total of rotations. After one rotation is completed, proceed to the next cycle. In this repetition, gradually increases. Stop rotating until the difference between the total dispersion of a certain cycle and the total dispersion of the previous cycle is 5% or less. At this time, the final is obtained. By multiplying with the standard orthonormal eigenvector, the of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is obtained. Subsequently, through fuzzy transformation, corresponds one-to-one to the elements of, and the evaluation corresponding to the maximum element is the final evaluation level of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the cigarette. Steps and are included. A method for evaluating the combustion appearance of a cigarette, characterized by this.

2. In step S1, by using a manipulator that simulates the entire process of a person smoking a cigarette and capturing the real-time smoking state of the cigarette with a camera system, the external attributes of the cigarette are collected. A method for evaluating the combustion appearance of a cigarette according to claim 1, characterized by this.

3. In step S3, In descending order of level, is as follows. A method for evaluating the combustion appearance of a cigarette according to claim 1, characterized by this.

4. In step S3, Obtained by the scoring of experts. A method for evaluating the combustion appearance of a cigarette according to claim 1, characterized by this.

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