Slim Pop - out Wide Camera Lens and Pop - out Camera Actuator

Abstract

A passive pop-out camera for incorporation into a foldable mobile electronic device such as a smartphone, a lens system for such a camera, and a pop-out actuator for operating other components in the lens system and such a camera. In some embodiments, the pop-out actuator is passive. In some embodiments, the pop-out actuator is based on a shape memory alloy.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001] [Cross - Reference to Related Applications] This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 383,721, filed on November 15, 2022; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 492,538, filed on March 28, 2023; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 495,148, filed on April 10, 2023; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 518,110, filed on August 8, 2023; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 507,108, filed on June 9, 2023. All of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety into this specification.

[0002] [Field] This disclosure generally relates to digital cameras. More particularly, this disclosure relates to digital cameras having a pop - out (「PO」) mechanism and a pop - out lens.

[0003] [Definitions] In this application, the following symbols and abbreviations are used with respect to the optical and other properties referred to throughout this specification and the drawings. All of these terms are known in the art: Total Track Length (TTL): The maximum distance between a point on the front surface S1 of the first lens element L1 and the image sensor, measured along an axis parallel to the optical axis of the lens when the system is focused at an infinite object distance.

[0004] Back Focal Length (BFL): The minimum distance between a point on the rear surface S2N of the last lens element LN and the image sensor, measured along an axis parallel to the optical axis of the lens when the system is focused at an infinite object distance.

[0005] Effective Focal Length (EFL): The distance between the rear principal point P′ and the rear focal point F′ of the lens (the assembly of lens elements L1 - LN) in the lens.

[0006] f-number (f / #): Ratio to the entrance pupil diameter of the EFL.

[0007] 〔Background〕 A multi-aperture digital camera (or multi-camera) is standardly mounted on today's mobile electronic devices (or simply "mobile devices", e.g., smartphones, tablets, laptops, PDAs, headsets, etc.). Generally, a multi-camera includes a wide camera that functions as the main (or "primary") camera of the mobile device, an ultra-wide (UW) camera, and an (optional) tele camera. The main (or wide) camera has a wide camera sensor and a wide camera field of view (FOV W )(approximately 65 to 95 degrees, approximately 20 mm to 35 mm 35eq.FL), and the UW camera has a UW camera sensor and a UW camera field of view (FOV UW > FOV W )(approximately 105 to 130 degrees, approximately 10 mm to 16 mm 35eq.FL), and the tele camera has a tele camera sensor and a tele camera field of view (FOV T < FOV W)(approximately 50 mm to 250 mm 35 eq.FL), and has. The main problem is to design a wide camera that supports increasingly high image quality (IQ), and yet is suitable for a thin mobile device having a device height of, for example, <12.5 mm. To improve IQ, increasingly large image sensors are being incorporated into mobile devices. Such large image sensors can have an optical format larger than 1 / 2'', i.e., such large image sensors can have a sensor diagonal (''SD'') of >8 mm (e.g., 1 / 1.5'' (SD = 10.7 mm), or 1 / 1'' (SD = 16 mm)). The P-O camera makes it possible to incorporate a large image sensor while supporting the slim thickness of a mobile device including the PO camera. The PO camera is described, for example, in co-owned international patent application PCT / IB2020 / 058697.

[0008] Figure 1A schematically shows the definitions of various camera entities such as TTL, EFL, and BFL. For most small lenses used in multi-cameras mounted on mobile devices, e.g., in the case of a wide lens, as shown in Figure 1A, TTL is larger than EFL.

[0009] Figure 1B shows an exemplary camera having a lens. The camera has a field of view (FOV), an EFL, and an image sensor of sensor width S. For a (rectangular) image sensor with a constant width / height ratio, the (full) image sensor diagonal (SD) is proportional to the width and height of the sensor. A typical width / height ratio of an image sensor is 4:3. For example, the SD of a 1 / 1.2'' sensor is 14.3 mm. The diagonal FOV has the relationship shown in the following equation with respect to EFL and SD:

[0010]

Equation

[0011] From this, it can be understood that a larger EFL is required to realize a camera having a larger image sensor but the same FOV. Although it is desirable to mount a larger image sensor on a wide camera, in order to maintain the same FOV W a larger EFL is required. As a result, the TTL increases, which is not desirable for mounting on a slim mobile device.

[0012] FIG. 1C schematically shows a mobile device 100 including a known PO camera (POC) 110 in a first state (a “collapsed state”) in which the camera is not in use (or is inactive). In the collapsed state, the POC 110 has a first TTL (a “collapsed TTL” or “c-TTL”) as described. The c-TTL is adapted to the height dimension of modern mobile devices, that is, in the collapsed state, the PO camera 110 does not exceed the height (or thickness) of the mobile device 100. The height of the mobile device 100 may include the region where the multi-camera is included in the mobile device 100 (a “camera bump” or simply a “bump”). The c-TTL can be in the range of 5 to 15 mm.

[0013] Figure 1D schematically shows mobile device 100 including POC 110 in the second state (the "pop - out state", or the "PO state"). Generally, the POC operates as a camera only in the PO state. In the PO state, POC 110 has the second TTL (the "TTL") as described. Since TTL > c - TTL, POC 110 exceeds the height of mobile device 100. In other words, in the PO state, POC 110 protrudes (or "pops out") from mobile device 100. Usually, the thickness ("T") of a mobile device is approximately T = 5 mm to 20 mm. The TTL can be in the range of 6 to 25 mm. The POC can protrude approximately 1 mm to 15 mm from mobile device 100.

[0014] To switch POC 110 from the PO state to the retracted state, an active actuator such as a stepping motor, a shaped metal alloy (SMA) actuator, etc. is required. "Active" in this case means that power is required for operation. In many cases, to switch POC 110 from the retracted state to the PO state, an active actuator is not necessary, and for example, a passive actuator based on spring force is sufficient. In the present disclosure, the term "passive" indicates that no power is required for the actuator and / or the operation. Recently, "foldable mobile devices" such as "foldable phones" ("FP") (for example, Samsung Galaxy Fold, or Samsung Galaxy Flip) have emerged. The FP can be "folded". When the FP is folded, miniaturization is achieved, which is desirable. When the FP is unfolded, a large screen area for the primary screen is obtained, which is also desirable. Generally, in the folded state, the primary screen of the FP is not active.

[0015] A POC including an SMA actuator is described, for example, in the co-owned international patent application PCT / IB2022 / 056646. Often, in an SMA actuator, an SMA wire is used. The SMA wire is beneficial for use within a mobile device. The SMA wire is inexpensive, lightweight, compact, and can be used for a low-power, low-noise, compact actuator. Generally, the SMA wire is operable under a loaded condition, for example, for up to twenty-five thousand (25,000) cycles. This is disadvantageous when used within a mobile device, as operation over one hundred thousand (100,000) cycles may be required.

[0016] It would be beneficial to have a wide camera lens design that supports a PO wide camera including a large image sensor, for example, having a size of 1 / 1.33'' or more (i.e., having SD ≥ 12 mm).

[0017] It would be beneficial to have a fully passive POC included in a mobile device. That is, a relatively slim camera that still provides a large zoom effect or uses a large image sensor and does not require active operation when switching from the PO state to the retracted state and when switching from the retracted state to the PO state. Such a fully passive POC is disclosed herein.

[0018] It would be beneficial to have an SMA actuator that is operable for a relatively large number of cycles (e.g., up to 100,000 cycles) for use within a mobile device. Such an SMA actuator camera is disclosed herein.

[0019] 〔Summary〕 In various embodiments, a lens system for a compact digital camera, an image sensor having a sensor diagonal SD, and having a field of view FOV and L 1Starting from [0], there are N = 9 lens elements L arranged along the lens optical axis OA from the object side towards the image side. 1 ~L 9 And a lens having including Each lens element L i (1 ≤ i ≤ N) has a respective focal length f i with a magnitude |f i having The plurality of said lens elements are divided into two lens groups G1 and G2 separated by a large gap BG, The plurality of said lenses have a pop - out total track length TTL < 20 mm in the PO state and a contracted total track length c - TTL in the contracted state, The lens system is configured to switch from the PO state to the contracted state by contracting BG to a contracted large gap c - BG, and is configured to switch from the contracted state to the PO state by performing the reverse operation, BG > 0.2×TTL, SD ≥ 12 mm, A lens system is provided where the ratio c - TTL / SD ≤ 0.65.

[0020] In various embodiments, a lens system for a compact digital camera having a PO state and a contracted state, An image sensor having a sensor diagonal SD, L 1 Starting from [0], there are N lens elements L arranged along the lens optical axis OA from the object side towards the image side. 1 ~L N (1 ≤ i ≤ N) and a lens having including Each lens element L i has a respective clear aperture diameter DA Li having Each lens element L i has, in the PO state, a field of view FOV and an f - number (f / #), and a lens thickness T Lensand a back focal length BFL, an effective focal length EFL, and a total track length TTL < 20 mm, The lens system is configured to switch from the PO state to the contracted state by contracting the BFL to a contracted back focal length c-BFL, and is configured to switch from the contracted state to the PO state by performing the reverse operation. BFL > 0.2 × TTL, SD ≧ 15 mm, A lens system is provided with a ratio c-TTL / SD < 0.7.

[0021] In various embodiments, a foldable mobile device including a passive pop-out camera (POC), The passive POC includes a pop-out lens, an image sensor, a passive pop-out (PO) actuator, and includes The foldable mobile device is deployable by a deployment operation and foldable by a folding operation, Both operations are performed by a user, The POC has a PO state in which the POC is operable and has a total track length TTL, has a contracted state in which the POC has and a contracted c-TTL < TTL, and has The passive PO actuator operates to utilize the folding operation to switch the passive POC from the PO state to the contracted state. A foldable mobile device is provided in which the passive PO actuator operates to utilize the deployment operation to switch the passive POC from the contracted state to the PO state.

[0022] In various embodiments, a foldable mobile device including a passive bendable pop-out camera (POC), The passive bending POC is Lenses and Miller and An image sensor; A passive pop-out actuator; A camera housing; Including, The foldable mobile device is unfoldable by an unfolding action and foldable by a folding action; Both actions are performed by the user, the lens is disposed on the object side of the mirror, The camera housing includes: Module height H M a module region having Shoulder Height H S <H M a shoulder region having having The passive bending POC comprises: The passive bending POC is active and has a module height H M and a PO state having The passive bending POC has a contraction module height c-H M <H M and a contracted state having having the passive PO actuator is operative to utilize the folding motion to switch the passive bending POC from a PO state to a contracted state; A foldable mobile device is provided, wherein the passive PO actuator is operable to utilize the unfolding motion to switch the passive bending POC from a contracted state to a PO state.

[0023] In various embodiments, a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator included in a camera includes: a plurality of P≧2 SMA wires; a moving element operable to actuate components included in said camera; including the camera is included in a mobile electronic device each of the plurality of P SMA wires is operable over M cycles the plurality of P SMA wires are guided by the moving element the force for operating the component included in the camera is provided by one of the plurality of P SMA wires a SMA actuator is provided, which is operable over an extended number of cycles of P×M by the continued use of the P SMA wires

[0024] [Brief Description of the Drawings] Non-limiting examples of the embodiments disclosed herein will be described below with reference to the drawings attached hereto, shown after this paragraph. The same structure, element, or member appearing in two or more figures is generally assigned the same number in all the figures in which it appears. If the same element is illustrated and numbered in only one figure, it is assumed to have the same number in all the figures in which it appears. The drawings and the description are intended to clarify and make clear the embodiments disclosed herein and should in no way be construed as limiting. FIG. 1A schematically shows the definitions of various entities such as TTL and EFL; FIG. 1B shows the definitions of thin lens approximation or equivalent FOV, EFL, and S; FIG. 1C schematically shows a mobile device including a known PO camera ("POC") in a first state ("contracted state"); FIG. 1D schematically shows the mobile device of FIG. 1C in a second (pop-out) state; FIG. 2A schematically shows the PO optical lens system disclosed herein in a PO state focused at infinity; FIG. 2B schematically shows the PO system of FIG. 2A in a contracted state; Figure 2C shows an example of a 1G PO optical lens system including the PO lens disclosed in this specification in the PO state; Figure 2D shows the PO system of Figure 2C in the contracted state; Figure 3 shows an example of a 2G PO optical lens system disclosed in this specification. Figure 4 shows another example of a 2G PO optical lens system disclosed in this specification. Figure 5 shows an example of a 1G PO optical lens system disclosed in this specification. Figure 6 shows yet another example of a 2G PO optical lens system disclosed in this specification. Figure 7 shows another example of a 1G PO optical lens system disclosed in this specification. Figure 8A shows a cross-sectional side view of a foldable mobile phone including the passive PO camera disclosed in this specification in a partially unfolded state. Figure 8B shows a cross-sectional side view of the foldable mobile phone of Figure 8A in the folded state. Figure 8C shows a cross-sectional side view of an enlarged portion of the foldable mobile phone of Figure 8A in the folded state. Figure 9A shows a cross-sectional side view of another foldable mobile phone including the passive PO camera disclosed in this specification in a partially unfolded state. Figure 9B shows a cross-sectional side view of the foldable mobile phone of Figure 9A in the folded state. Figure 9C shows a cross-sectional side view of an enlarged portion of the foldable mobile phone of Figure 9A in the folded state. Figure 10A shows a cross-sectional side view of another foldable mobile phone including the passive PO camera disclosed in this specification in a partially unfolded state. Figure 10B shows a cross-sectional side view of the foldable mobile phone of Figure 10A in the folded state. Figure 11A shows a cross-sectional side view of another foldable mobile phone including the passive PO camera disclosed in this specification in a partially unfolded state. Figure 11B shows a cross-sectional side view of the foldable mobile phone of Figure 11A in the folded state. FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of the shape memory alloy actuator disclosed in this specification.

[0025] 〔Detailed Description〕 FIG. 2A shows an example related to the prior art of a “2-group” (or “2G”) pop-out (“PO”) optical lens system 200 including a PO lens 202 and an image sensor 204. The PO optical lens system 200 is shown in the PO state or in the spread (and focused at infinity) state. The PO lens 202 is divided into two lens groups separated by a big gap (BG). The first lens group is the object-side lens group (“G1”), and the second lens group is the sensor-side lens group (“G2”). The thickness of G1 is T G1 as shown. The lens 202 includes a plurality of N lens elements Li (where i is an integer from 1 to N, and N can be, for example, from 5 to 10). L1 is the lens element closest to the object side, and LN is the lens element closest to the image side, that is, the side where the image sensor is located. This order applies to all lenses and lens elements disclosed in this specification. Each lens element Li has its respective front surface S2i - 1 (the subscript “2i - 1” is the number of the front surface) and its respective rear surface S2i (the subscript “2i” is the number of the rear surface). This numbering convention is used throughout this specification. Alternatively, as done throughout this specification, the lens surface is denoted as “Sk”, where k is from 1 to 2N. The front and rear surfaces may be aspherical in some cases. However, this is not limiting.

[0026] As used in this specification, the term “front surface” of each lens element refers to the surface of the lens element located closer to the entrance of the camera (the object side of the camera), and the term “rear surface” refers to the surface of the lens element located closer to the image sensor (the image side of the camera).

[0027] Each lens group includes one or more lens elements Li. G1 may include ≧5 elements, and G2 may include 1 to 2 elements. G2 may act as a field lens as is known in the art.

[0028] FIG. 2B shows the 2G PO optical lens system 200 in the contracted state. The big gap BG contracts to the contracted BG (denoted as "c-BG"), that is, the distance between G1 and G2 decreases, resulting in a contracted TTL ("c-TTL"). c-BG can be in the range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm. Only BG changes. The other distances in the PO optical lens system 200 (for example, BFL, or the distances between the lens elements included in each of G1 and G2) do not change.

[0029] FIG. 2C shows the lens thickness T Lens Another example of the 1G PO optical lens system 250 including a PO lens 252 having a lens thickness T

[0030] FIG. 2D shows the 1G PO optical lens system 250 in the contracted state. The BFL contracts to the contracted BFL (denoted as "c-BFL"), that is, the distance between the lens 252 and the image sensor 254 decreases, resulting in a contracted TTL ("c-TTL"). The basic lower limit of c-TTL is given by the thickness of the lens 252 ("T Lens "), that is, c-TTL > T Lens In fact, c-TTL = T Lens + c-BFL. Here, c-BFL = 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm or more. That is, c-TTL = T Lens + 0.2 mm to T Lens + 1.5 mm or more.

[0031] The 2G PO optical lens system 200 is operable to be used in a PO camera. The resulting POC operates as a camera only in the PO state. In the retracted state, the POC does not operate as a camera, i.e., it is inactive.

[0032] The 1G PO optical lens system 250 is a “1-group” (or “1G”) PO optical lens system. That is, the lens 252 moves as a single unit. That is, the distance between the lens elements included in the lens 252 does not change when switching from the PO state to the retracted state, and only the BFL changes. The 2G PO optical lens system 200 and the 1G PO optical lens system 250 may be included in (or operable to be included in) a POC. To perform optical image stabilization (OIS), the POC may use a plurality of methods known in the art. Such methods may be “lens shift OIS” (where the lens is moved relative to the image sensor and the mobile device hosting the camera for OIS), or “sensor shift OIS” (where the image sensor is moved relative to the lens and the mobile device hosting the camera for OIS).

[0033] All of the PO optical lens systems disclosed herein can be used in the examples of POCs described in the co-owned PCT patent application PCT / IB2020 / 058697.

[0034] All of the PO optical lens systems disclosed below are shown in the PO state in which a POC including the optical lens system is operable.

[0035] In the contracted state, all examples of the 2G PO optical lens system have a c-BG of 0.2 mm to 4.0 mm. The small c-BG is beneficial for realizing a slim camera module that can be incorporated into a slim mobile device such as a smartphone. The cTTL can be in the range of 9.94 mm to 13.9 mm. In the contracted state, all examples of the 1G PO optical lens system have a c-BFL of 0.2 mm to 3.0 mm. The small c-BFL is beneficial for realizing a slim camera module. The cTTL can be in the range of 9.26 mm to 13.22 mm. For clarity, all lens systems disclosed in this specification can be beneficially included or incorporated into a mobile device such as a smartphone.

[0036] Figure 3 shows an example of a 2G PO optical lens system disclosed in this specification and numbered 300. The lens system 300 includes a PO lens 302 divided into two lens groups G1 and G2 and having a lens optical axis 308, an image sensor 304, and optionally an optical element 306. The optical element 306 may be, for example, an infrared (IR) filter and / or a glass image sensor dust cover. The image sensor 304 may have an SD of 21.5 mm. G1 includes seven lens elements (L 1 ~L 7 ), and G2 includes two lens elements (L 8 ~L 9 ). Light rays pass through the lens 302 and form an image on the image sensor 304. Figure 3 shows six fields each having four light rays.

[0037] The detailed optical data and surface data of the PO lens 302 are shown in Tables 1 to 2. Table 1 shows the surface type, and Table 2 shows the aspherical coefficient. The surface types are as follows: a) Plano: A flat surface with no curvature.

[0038] b) Q type 1 (QT1) surface sag formula:

[0039]

Number

[0040] c) Even Asphere (ASP) surface sag formula:

[0041]

Number

[0042] Here, {z, r} are standard cylindrical polar coordinates, c is the paraxial curvature of the surface, k is the conic parameter, r norm is approximately half of the clear aperture (CA) of the surface, A n is the aspheric coefficient shown in the lens data table. The Z-axis is positive towards the image side. The value of CA is given as the clear aperture radius, i.e., D / 2. The reference wavelength is 555.0 nm. Except for the refractive index (「rate」) and Abbe number, the unit is mm. Each lens element Li has a respective focal length fi shown in Table 1. The FOV is given as the half FOV (HFOV).

[0043]

Table 1

[0044]

Table 2

[0045] L 1 from L 9The power sequence of the lens elements up to is as follows: +-+--+-+-(plus-minus-plus-minus-minus-plus-minus-plus-minus). That is, the PO lens 302 includes 4 positive lens elements and 5 negative lens elements. L 8 and L 9 both have large maximum SAGs of 3.8 mm and 3.5 mm, indicated by "Max_SAG L8 " and "Max_SAG L9 ", respectively.

[0046] L 1 is made of glass; EFL G1 and EFL G2 have opposite signs but the same magnitude. That is, |EFL G1 | and |EFL G2 | differ from each other by less than 3%; The thickness of G1 is approximately 4.5 times greater than the thickness of G2; f 9 and EFL G2 have the same sign and the same magnitude. That is, f 9 and EFL G2 differ from each other by less than 4%; f 6 is the strongest lens element of the lens 306. The strength of f 6 is more than 1.5 times (3 / 2 times) that of the lens 306; L 4 and L 5 are close to each other. AGT L4~L5 is less than 2% of TTL; The ratio of c-TTL to SD is 0.46 - 0.64; The ratio of BG to TTL is 0.33; The ratio of BG to cTTL is 0.35 - 0.49; The ratio of cTTL to TTL is 0.68 - 0.94; The ratio of cTTL to EFL is 0.86 - 1.19; L 8 The maximum SAG of (Max_SAG L8) is 5.25 times larger than the thickness of L 8 ; L 9 The maximum SAG (Max_SAG L9 ) of L 9 is 4.04 times larger than the thickness of L

[0047] Figure 4 shows another example of a 2G PO optical lens system disclosed herein and numbered 400. The lens system 400 includes a PO lens 402 divided into two lens groups G1 and G2 and having a lens optical axis 408, an image sensor 404, and optionally, an optical element 406. The image sensor 404 may have an SD of 21.5 mm. G1 includes eight lens elements (L 1 ~L 8 ), and G2 includes one lens element (L 9 ). The detailed optical data and surface data of the PO lens 402 are shown in Tables 3 to 4. Table 3 shows the surface type, and Table 4 shows the aspherical coefficients.

[0048] L 1 and L 6 are made of glass; EFL G1 and EFL G2 have opposite signs but the same magnitude. That is, |EFL G1 | and |EFL G2 | differ from each other by less than 25%; The center thickness of G1 is about 7 times larger than the center thickness of G2; f 9 and EFL G2 have the same sign and the same magnitude. That is, f 9 and EFL G2 differ from each other by less than 2%; f 6 is the strongest lens element of the lens 406. The strength of f 6 is about 1.5 times (3 / 2 times) that of the lens 406; L 5 and L 6 are close to each other; The ratio of cTTL to SD is 0.49 to 0.65; The ratio of BG to TTL is 0.27; The ratio of BG to cTTL is from 0.27 to 0.36; The ratio of cTTL to TTL is from 0.75 to 0.98; The ratio of cTTL to EFL is from 0.92 to 1.21; and L 1 from L 9 to L, the sequence of lens powers is plus - plus - plus - minus - minus - plus - plus - plus - minus. That is, the PO lens 402 includes six positive lens elements and three negative lens elements.

[0049]

Table 3

[0050]

Table 4

[0051] Figure 5 shows an example of a 1G PO optical lens system disclosed in this specification and numbered 500. The lens system 500 includes a PO lens 502 having a lens optical axis 508, an image sensor 504, and optionally, an optical element 506. The image sensor 504 may have an SD of 21.5 mm. The PO lens 502 includes eight lens elements (L 1 ~L 8 ). Light rays pass through the lens 502 and form an image on the image sensor 504. The detailed optical data and surface data of the PO lens 502 are shown in Tables 5 - 6. Table 5 shows the surface types, and Table 6 shows the aspherical coefficients.

[0052]

Table 5

[0053]

Table 6

[0054] Figure 6 shows another example of a 2G PO optical lens system disclosed in this specification and numbered 600. The lens system 600 includes a PO lens 602 divided into two lens groups G1 and G2 and having a lens optical axis 608, an image sensor 604, and optionally, an optical element 606. The image sensor 604 may have an SD of 21.5 mm. G1 includes eight lens elements (L 1 ~L 8 ), and G2 includes one lens element (L 9 ). The detailed optical data and surface data of the PO lens 602 are shown in Tables 7 to 8. Table 7 shows the surface type, and Table 8 shows the aspherical coefficients.

[0055]

Table 7

[0056]

Table 8

[0057] Figure 7 shows an example of a 1G PO optical lens system disclosed in this specification and numbered 700. The lens system 700 includes a PO lens 702 having a lens optical axis 708, an image sensor 704, and optionally, an optical element 706. The image sensor 704 may have an SD of 21.5 mm. The PO lens 702 includes six lens elements (L 1 ~L 6) is included. The light beam passes through the lens 702 and forms an image on the image sensor 704. The detailed optical data and surface data of the PO lens 702 are shown in Tables 9 to 10. Table 9 shows the surface types, and Table 10 shows the aspherical coefficients.

[0058] L 6 On the lens shape of, instead of the entire BFL, only the BG that spreads from the point of L closest to each of the image sensor 706 and the optical element 706 can be shrunk. 6

[0059]

Table 9

[0060]

Table 10

[0061] Table 11 shows the values and ranges of the optical lens systems 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 disclosed in this specification.

[0062] - SD, TTL, c-TTL, BG, c-BG, BFL, c-BFL, EFL, EFL G1 , EFL G2 , T G1 , T G2 , T Lens , f 5 , f 6 , f 9 , AGT L4~L5 , The unit of Max_SAG is mm; the unit of the half-field-of-view (「HFOV」) is degrees, and the f-number (「f / #」) has no unit.

[0063] - The image sensors 304, 404, 504, and 604 may have an SD of 21.5 mm (「4 / 3´´ sensor」 or 「1 / 0.8´´ sensor」).

[0064] -AGT L4~L5 represents the average thickness of the air gap between L 4 and L 5 "Average thickness" in this case means the average of all y values from 0 (i.e., from the optical axis such as the optical axis 308) to D / 2 (i.e., the highest edge) of the distance between L 4 and L 5 .

[0065] -c‐BG MIN and c‐BG MAX represent the minimum and maximum values of the shrunk BG respectively. c‐BG can have any value between c‐BG MIN and c‐BG MAX .

[0066] -c‐BFL MIN and c‐BFL MAX represent the minimum and maximum values of the shrunk BFL respectively. c‐BFL can have any value between c‐BFL MIN and c‐BFL MAX .

[0067] -c‐TTL MIN and c‐TTL MAX represent the minimum and maximum values of the shrunk TTL respectively. c‐TTL can have any value between c‐TTL MIN and c‐TTL MAX .

[0068] -T Lens , T G1 , and T G2 represent the center thickness of the lens, or the center thicknesses of G1 and G2 respectively. The center thickness is measured on the lens optical axis.

[0069] -f 5 , f 6 , and f 9 refer to the focal lengths of L 5 , L 6 , and L 9 respectively.

[0070]

Table 11

[0071] Figures 8A - 8B illustratively show a foldable mobile phone (``FP'') 800 including an inner passive POC 802 disclosed herein. By ``inner'' is meant in this case that the FOV 808 of the camera 802 is located on the same side as the ``primary screen'' of the FP 800. The primary screen is the largest screen (i.e., having the largest screen area) included in the FP 800. The FP 800 includes a hinge axis 810 that connects a first wing 812 to a second wing 818 and is operable to enable the FP 800 to be deployed and folded. The hinge axis 810 has an orientation perpendicular to the x - y plane. The first wing 812 includes a first outer (or ``world - facing'') side surface 814 and a first inner (or ``user - facing'') side surface 816. The second wing 818 includes a second outer side surface 820 and a second inner side surface 822. Generally, the primary screen of the FP 800 extends across both the first inner side surface 816 and the second inner side surface 822. When the FP 800 is deployed, the primary screen can be used in its entirety and the inner passive POC 802 is operable (or ``active'') as a user - facing (or ``selfie'') camera. In some embodiments, the first outer side surface 814 and / or the second outer side surface 820 also include a screen. When the FP 800 is folded, the aperture of the inner passive POC 802 is covered by the second wing 818. The inner passive POC 802 includes a passive PO actuator (Figure 8C), a PO lens 804 having an optical axis (``OA'') lens thickness T L and an image sensor 806. The inner passive POC 802 is included in and surrounded by a camera module housing (or simply, ``camera housing'') 809.

[0072] Figure 8A shows FP800 in a partially deployed state where the passive POC802 is in the PO state. In the PO state, the inner passive POC802 has a TTL and is active as a camera, i.e., the PO lens 804 is operable to form a sharp (or clear) image of the scene on the image sensor 806. In the PO state, the height (“H C ”) of the camera housing 809 is defined by the TTL and a mechanical “penalty” (“p”), and H C = TTL + p. Here, p can be in the range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm. That H C is low is beneficial for use in a slim mobile device such as a smartphone. Here, and hereinafter, H C , the TTL, and p are measured along the z-axis.

[0073] Figure 8B shows FP800 in the folded state. In the folded state, the inner passive POC802 is in a contracted state. In the contracted state, the passive POC has a c-TTL < TTL and is not active as a camera. The deployment operation for switching between the folded state (Figure 8B) and the deployed state (Figure 8A) is indicated by arrow 824. The folding operation for switching between the partially deployed state (Figure 8A) and the folded state (Figure 8B) is indicated by arrow 826. Generally, the deployment operation and the folding operation are manually performed by the user. The height (“H”) of each of the first wing 812 and the second wing 818 is shown. The first wing 812 has a normal region with a height (“H”) and a bump region with a raised height H + B. Here, “B” is the bump height. The bump region protrudes from the first inner side surface 816. The inner passive POC802 is incorporated in the bump region, and the inner passive POC802 receives light from the scene facing the first inner side surface 816. In the contracted state, the camera housing 809 has a collapsed height (“c-H C ”) < HC has c-H C where c-H C is defined by c-H = c-TTL + p. Since c-H C ≦ H, in the contracted state, there is no camera bump. In other embodiments, in the contracted state, a reduced camera bump may exist. "Reduced" in this case means that the camera bump has a lower B compared to the PO state. Here and hereinafter, H, B, c-H C , and c-TTL are measured along the z-axis.

[0074] FIG. 8C shows an enlarged portion 830 of the FP800 in the folded state where the inner passive POC802 is in the contracted state. The portion 830 shows the passive PO actuator 832 disclosed herein. The passive PO actuator 832 includes a spring 834. At the upper end, the spring 834 is fixedly attached to the first outer side surface 814, or more generally, to a component included in the first wing 812 that does not move relative to the first wing 812. At the lower end, the spring 834 is fixedly attached to a PO lens barrel including the PO lens 804. In the contracted state, the spring 834 is operable to store kinetic energy and provide a spring force as indicated by the arrow 836. That is, a load is applied to the spring 834. When the user deploys the FP800, the spring 834 relaxes, and due to the spring force, the inner passive POC802 operates (or "pops out"), that is, the inner passive POC802 switches to the PO state. When the user folds the FP800, the spring 834 is compressed and a load is applied, so the inner passive POC802 switches to the contracted state. Note that when the FP800 is folded by the user, the passive POC802 simultaneously switches from the PO state to the contracted state. When the FP800 is deployed by the user, the passive POC802 simultaneously switches from the contracted state to the PO state. As desired for a mobile device such as an FP, no active actuation is required.

[0075] In some embodiments, as shown here, a mechanical spring can be used. In other embodiments, a magnetic spring can be used. The magnetic spring may include a magnet and a yoke, or may include two magnets. Such magnetic springs are described, for example, in co-owned international patent applications PCT / IB2022 / 052194 and PCT / IB2023 / 054411.

[0076] Figures 9A - 9B illustratively show the FP900 including the outer passive POC902 disclosed herein. "Outer" in this case means that the FOV908 of the passive POC902 is located on the opposite side of the primary screen of the FP900. The FP900 includes all components as described in Figures 8A - 8B except where the passive POC is different. In both the folded and deployed states of the FP900, the aperture of the FOV908 of the outer passive POC902 receives light from the scene. The outer passive POC902 includes a passive PO actuator (Figure 9C), a PO lens 904, and an image sensor 906. The outer passive POC902 is included in the camera housing 909.

[0077] Figure 9A shows the FP900 in a partially deployed state where the outer passive POC902 is in the PO state. The bump region protrudes from the first outer side surface 814. The outer passive POC902 is incorporated in the bump region and receives light from the scene facing the first outer side surface 814.

[0078] Figure 9B shows the FP900 in a folded state where the outer passive POC is in a contracted state.

[0079] FIG. 9C shows an enlarged portion 930 of the folded FP900 in which the outer passive POC902 is in a contracted state. The portion 930 shows a passive PO actuator 932 including a magnetic spring 940 as disclosed herein. The magnetic spring 940 includes a first magnet 942 fixedly attached to a PO lens barrel including the PO lens 804, and a second magnet 944 fixedly attached to the second wing 818. The first magnet 942 and the second magnet 944 are selected and oriented to attract each other. In the contracted state, the first magnet 942 and the second magnet 944 are relatively close to each other. As a result, magnetic energy is accumulated, and the magnetic spring 940 operates to provide a magnetic spring force indicated by the arrow 946. Due to the magnetic spring force, the outer passive POC902 contracts. When the user deploys the FP900, the magnetic spring 940 relaxes and no magnetic spring force is provided. Another spring included in the outer passive POC902 may provide a spring force to pop out the outer passive POC902, that is, the outer passive POC902 is switched to the PO state. The first magnet 942 and the second magnet 944 are separated from each other relatively. When the user folds the FP900, the first magnet 942 and the second magnet 944 approach each other again, and the outer passive POC902 switches to the contracted state. Note that when the FP900 is folded by the user, it should be noted that at the same time, the outer passive POC902 switches from the PO state to the contracted state. When the FP900 is deployed by the user, at the same time, the outer passive POC902 switches from the contracted state to the PO state. No active operation is required as desired for a mobile device such as an FP.

[0080] FIGS. 10A - 10B illustratively show an FP1000 including an outer passive POC1002 as disclosed herein. The FP1000 includes all the components described in FIGS. 8A - 8B except for the points where the passive POCs are different. The outer passive POC1002 includes a passive PO actuator 1010, a PO lens 1004, and an image sensor 1006 as disclosed herein, and is included in a camera housing 1009.

[0081] FIG. 10A shows the FP1000 in a partially deployed state where the passive POC1002 is in the PO state.

[0082] FIG. 10B shows the FP1000 in a folded state where the passive POC is in a contracted state. The bump region protrudes from the first outer side surface 814. The outer passive POC1002 is incorporated in the bump region and receives light from a scene facing the first outer side surface 814. The PO actuator 1010 includes a plurality of O gear wheels (in this case, O = 3), a first gear wheel 1012, a second gear wheel 1014, and a third gear wheel 1016. The PO actuator 1010 is disposed on the hinge axis 810 or near the hinge axis 810. For example, the PO actuator 1010 may be disposed at a maximum distance of 25 mm from the hinge axis 810. In fact, the outer passive POC1002 is also disposed relatively close to the hinge axis 810. For example, the POC1002 may be disposed at a maximum distance of 50 mm from the hinge axis 810. The PO actuator 1010 utilizes operations such as a deployment operation indicated by the arrow 824 or a folding operation indicated by the arrow 826 to switch the outer passive POC1002 from the PO state to the contracted state as indicated by the arrow 1018. The reverse is also true. That is, the PO actuator 1010 converts the rotational deployment operation or rotational folding operation of the first wing 812 and the second wing 818 around the hinge axis 810 into a linear movement of the PO lens barrel including the PO lens 804 along the z-axis with respect to the image sensor 806. It should be noted that when the FP1000 is folded by the user, the outer passive POC1002 simultaneously switches from the PO state to the contracted state. When the FP1000 is deployed by the user, the outer passive POC1002 simultaneously switches from the contracted state to the PO state. No active operation is required as desired for a mobile device such as an FP.

[0083] Figures 11A - 11B exemplarily show the FP1100 including the outer passive POC1102 disclosed in this specification. Figure 11A shows the FP1100 in a partially deployed state where the outer passive POC1102 is in the PO state. The FP1100 includes all the components described in Figures 8A - 8B except for the different points of the passive POC. The outer passive POC1102 receives light from a scene facing the first outer side surface 814. In the PO state, the outer passive POC1102 can operate as a folding camera as known in the art. The outer passive POC1102 includes a passive PO actuator (not shown), a lens 1104, a mirror 1108, and an image sensor 1106, and is included in a camera housing 1109. The outer passive POC1102 is operable to receive light along a first optical path ( "OP1") parallel to the z - axis. The OA of the lens 1104 is parallel to OP1. In the PO state, the mirror 1108 has an orientation at an angle of approximately 45 degrees with respect to the z - axis, and the reflected light propagates along a second optical path ( "OP2") parallel to the z - axis towards the image sensor 1106. The lens 1104 is disposed on the object side of the mirror 1108. This provides a relatively low f / # for a given camera height, which is beneficial for use in mobile devices such as an FP. Such a camera is described, for example, in co - owned International Patent Application No. PCT / IB2022 / 055745. In the PO state, the camera housing 1109 has a raised first ( "module") region including the PO lens 1104 and the mirror 1108, and a second ( "shoulder") region including the image sensor 1106. The module region is defined by the sum of T L , the height of the mirror 1108, and a minimum module height ( "MH M ") of approximately 0.1 mm to 2.5 mm air gap between the PO lens 1104 and the mirror 1108. The height ( "H M ") of the module region of the camera housing 1009 measured along the z - axis is MH Mand a mechanical "penalty" ("p") such that H M = MH M + p. Here, p can be in the range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm. The shoulder region has a minimum shoulder height ("MH S ") < MH M This is determined by the height of the image sensor 1106 measured along the z-axis. The height of the shoulder region of the camera housing 1009 measured along the z-axis ("H S ") is determined by MH S and a mechanical "penalty" ("p") such that H S = MH S + p. Here, p can be in the range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm. That H M is low and that H S is low are beneficial for use in a slim mobile device such as a smartphone. Since H S < H M , the shoulder region can be incorporated into the normal region of height H. Only the module region is incorporated into the bump region. In other words, the outer passive POC 1102 is only partially incorporated into the bump region, which is beneficial for realizing a relatively small bump region. Here and hereinafter, height, air gap, MH M , H M , MH S , H S , and p are measured along the z-axis.

[0084] FIG. 11B shows the FP 1100 in the folded state where the outer passive POC 1102 is in the contracted state. For switching from the PO state to the contracted state, the PO lens 1104 is linearly moved towards the second wing 818. The mirror 1108 is rotationally moved about 45 degrees around an axis perpendicular to OP1 and OP2 so as to form an angle of about 0 degrees with the Y-axis, and is further linearly moved towards the second wing 818. "About" in this case means a variation of, for example, ±10 degrees or ±5 degrees. Each movement is by MH Mis c-MH M <MH M contracts to, and H M is c-H M <H M is executed so as to contract to. Here, c-H M = c-MH M + p. However, so that a camera bump is not required in the contracted state, c-H M ≤ H. MH S does not change. To provide the operation of the movement of each of the PO lens 1104 and the mirror 1108, the outer passive POC 1102 may include a passive PO actuator such as a passive PO actuator 932 (FIG. 9C) including a magnetic spring, or a passive PO actuator such as a passive PO actuator 1010 (FIGS. 10A to 10B) including a plurality of gear wheels.

[0085] FIG. 12 shows the SMA actuator 1200 disclosed in this specification. The SMA actuator 1200 is operable when used within the camera of a mobile device such as a smartphone over a relatively large number of cycles (for an example, see below). The SMA actuator 1200 includes a moving element 1202. The moving element 1202 moves relative to the mobile device including the moving element 1202, for example, for switching POC from the PO state and the contracted state and vice versa, for focusing the lens, or for moving the lens or the image sensor for optical image stabilization (OIS). The moving element 1202 includes a plurality of P rails 1210 (in this case, P = 4), a first rail 1212, a second rail 1214, a third rail 1216, and a fourth rail 1218. The SMA actuator 1200 includes a plurality of P SMA wires 1220 (in this case, P = 4), a first SMA wire 1222, a second SMA wire 1224, a third SMA wire 1226, and a fourth SMA wire 1228. Each of the P SMA wires 1220 is disposed on one of the P rails 1210 and is guided by one of the P rails 1210. A preload is applied between the P SMA wires 1220 and the P rails 1210 so that the P SMA wires 1220 do not separate (or "derail") from the moving element 1202. The SMA actuator 1200 also includes a plurality of P first crimps 1230 and a plurality of P second crimps 1232. That is, as a whole, the SMA actuator 1200 includes 2P crimps. Each of the crimps included in the plurality of P first crimps 1230 and the plurality of P second crimps 1232 is fixedly attached to one end of each SMA wire included in the P SMA wires 1220 as shown. The crimps provide mechanical and electrical connections. In other embodiments, the plurality of P rails and the P SMA wires may each include P = 2 to 25.

[0086] The movement of the moving element 1202 may be a rotational movement along a rotation axis 1204 parallel to the z-axis. The rotation axis 1204 may be located at the center of the moving element 1202. In other embodiments, the movement of the moving element 1202 may be a linear movement in the x-y plane, as indicated by the arrow 1206. To effect such linear or rotational movement, the SMA actuator 1200 is operable to drive a current through one of the P SMA wires 1220. That is, during operation, only one of the P SMA wires 1220 operates. In other words, the SMA actuator 1200 sequentially operates the P SMA wires 1220. For example, during a first period, only the first SMA wire 1222 operates, during a second period, only the second SMA wire 1224 operates, during a third period, only the third SMA wire 1226 operates, and during a fourth period, only the fourth SMA wire 1228 operates. This can be beneficial for extending (or lengthening) the number of cycles for which the SMA actuator 1200 is operable. For example, a single SMA wire may be operable for M cycles under a loaded condition, but the specifications of the SMA actuator may require operation over P×M cycles. By sequentially operating the P SMA wires as detailed above, the specification of P×M cycles can be met. For example, a single SMA wire, such as the first SMA wire 1222, may be operable for M = twenty-five thousand (25,000) cycles under a loaded condition, but the specifications of the SMA actuator 1200 may require operation over 4×M = one hundred thousand (100,000) cycles. By sequentially operating the four SMA wires 1220 as detailed above, the specification of one hundred thousand (100,000) cycles can be met. In this embodiment, the relatively large number of cycles is one hundred thousand (100,000) cycles. In other embodiments, the relatively large number of cycles may be in the range of five thousand (5,000) cycles to five hundred thousand (500,000) cycles.

[0087] Although the present disclosure has been described by way of specific examples and generally related methods, modifications and replacements (rearrangements) of such examples and such methods will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present disclosure should be understood as not being limited by the specific examples described herein, but only by the appended claims.

[0088] It is understood that specific features of the subject matter disclosed herein, which have been described in the context of separate examples for clarity, may be provided in combination in a single example. Conversely, various features of the subject matter disclosed herein, which have been described in the context of a single example for brevity, may be provided separately or in any suitable combination.

[0089] Unless otherwise specified, the use of the expression “and / or” between the last two of the listed alternatives indicates that it is appropriate and possible to select one or more of the listed alternatives.

[0090] It should be understood that when the claims or the specification refer to an element preceded by the articles “a” or “an”, such reference should not be construed as indicating that there is only one of such elements.

[0091] All patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual patent and patent application were specifically and individually indicated as being incorporated herein by reference. Further, any citation or identification of a reference in this application should not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present disclosure.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0092]

Figure 1A

Figure 1B

Figure 1C

Figure 1D

Figure 2A

Figure 2B

Figure 2C

Figure 2D

Figure 3

Figure 4

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Figure 8A

Figure 8B

Figure 8C

Figure 9A

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Figure 9C

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Figure 11A

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Figure 12

Claims

1. A lens system for a compact digital camera, an image sensor having a sensor diagonal SD, having a field of view FOV and L １ starting from １ and having N = 9 lens elements L arranged along the lens optical axis OA from the object side toward the image side １ ~L ９ and a lens having including, Each lens element L ｉ (where 1 ≤ i ≤ N) has a respective focal length f ｉ with a magnitude |f| ｉ and the plurality of said lens elements are divided into two lens groups G1 and G2 separated by a big gap BG, the plurality of said lenses have a total pop - out track length TTL < 20 mm in the pop - out state and a total retracted track length c - TTL in the retracted state, the lens system is configured to switch from the pop - out state to the retracted state by retracting BG to a retracted big gap c - BG and to switch from the retracted state to the pop - out state by performing the reverse operation, BG > 0.2×TTL, SD ≥ 12 mm, a lens system with a ratio c - TTL / SD ≤ 0.

65.

2. G1 includes seven lens elements, G2 includes two lens elements, the lens system according to Claim 1.

3. G1 includes eight lens elements, G2 includes one lens element, the lens system according to Claim 1.

4. BG is L ８ and L ９ The lens system according to claim 1, which is located between

5. BG is located between L ７ and L ８ and the lens system according to claim 1.

6. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein BG > 0.25×TTL.

7. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein FOV > 70°.

8. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein FOV > 75°.

9. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein FOV > 80°.

10. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein FOV > 85°.

11. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein c - TTL / SD < 0.

6.

12. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein c - TTL / SD < 0.

5.

13. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein c - TTL / SD > 0.

3.

14. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein c - TTL / TTL < 0.

8.

15. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein f / # < 2.

2.

16. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein f / # < 2.

1.

17. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein f / # < 2.

0.

18. L １ The lens system according to claim 1, wherein L is made of glass.

19. L ６ The lens system according to claim 1, wherein L is made of glass.

20. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein SD > 15 mm.

21. The lens system according to Claim 1, wherein SD > 20 mm.

22. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein SD = 21.5 mm.

23. All the lens elements of G1 are combined to have an effective focal length EFL Ｇ１ and All lens elements of G2 are combined to have an effective focal length EFL Ｇ２ and EFL Ｇ１ and EFL Ｇ２ have different signs, EFL Ｇ１ in size and the EFL Ｇ２ in size are different from each other by less than 25%, the lens system according to claim 1.

24. All the lens elements of G1 are combined to have an effective focal length EFL Ｇ１ and All the lens elements of G2 are combined to have an effective focal length EFL Ｇ２ and have EFL Ｇ１ and EFL Ｇ２ have different signs, EFL Ｇ１ and the size of the EFL Ｇ２ The lens system according to claim 1, wherein the sizes of are different from each other by less than 5%.

25. All lens elements of G2 are combined to have an effective focal length EFL Ｇ２ and f ９ and EFL Ｇ２ have the same reference signs and f ９ and EFL Ｇ２ are less than 7.5% different from each other, the lens system according to claim 1.

26. All the lens elements of G2 are combined to have an effective focal length EFL Ｇ２ and f ９ and EFL Ｇ２ have the same reference signs and f ９ and EFL Ｇ２ are less than 5% different from each other, the lens system according to claim 1.

27. f ６ is the lens system according to claim 1, having the smallest size among all lens elements.

28. |f ６ The lens system according to claim 1, wherein | is 2 / 3 times the size of any other lens element.

29. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of G1 is more than 4 times the thickness of G2.

30. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of G1 is more than 6 times the thickness of G2.

31. L ４ and L ５ The average air gap between and is less than 5% of the TTL, the lens system according to claim 1.

32. L ４ and L ５ The average air gap between and is less than 2% of the TTL, the lens system according to claim 1.

33. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein G2 is a field lens.

34. L ８ has a thickness T ８ in the lens optical axis, Ｌ８ and a maximum SAG Max_SAG Max_SAG Ｌ８ / T ８ The lens system according to claim 1, wherein Ｌ８ / T ８ > 4.

35. L ８ has a thickness T ８ on the lens optical axis, Ｌ８ and a maximum SAG Max_SAG Max_SAG Ｌ８ / T ８ > 5, the lens system according to claim 1.

36. L ９ has a thickness T ８ in the lens optical axis, Ｌ９ and a maximum SAG Max_SAG Max_SAG Ｌ９ / T ９ The lens system according to claim 1, wherein Ｌ９ / T ９ > 3.

37. L ９ has a thickness T ９ in the lens optical axis, Ｌ９ and a maximum SAG Max_SAG Max_SAG Ｌ９ / T ９ The lens system according to claim 1, wherein Ｌ９ / T ９ > 3.

75.

38. L １ to L ９ The lens power sequence from １ to ９ is plus - minus - plus - minus - minus - plus - minus - plus - minus, the lens system according to claim 1.

39. L １ to L ９ The lens power sequence from １ to ９ is plus-plus-plus-minus-minus-plus-plus-plus-minus, the lens system according to claim 1.

40. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein the lens includes 4 positive lens elements and 5 negative lens elements.

41. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein the lens includes 6 positive lens elements and 3 negative lens elements.

42. The lens system is included in a pop-up camera, The pop-up camera is included in a smartphone. The lens system according to any one of claims 1 to 41.

43. A lens system for a compact digital camera having a pop-up state and a retracted state, An image sensor having a sensor diagonal SD, L １ starting from L １ , N lens elements L １ to L Ｎ (1 ≤ i ≤ N) arranged along the lens optical axis OA from the object side towards the image side, and a lens having them １ ~L Ｎ (1 ≦ i ≦ N), and Including, Each lens element L ｉ has a respective clear aperture diameter DA Ｌｉ and Each lens element L ｉ has, in the pop-out state, a field of view FOV and f-number (f / #), a lens thickness T Ｌｅｎｓ a back focal length BFL, an effective focal length EFL, and a total track length TTL < 15 mm The lens system is configured to switch from the pop-up state to the retracted state by contracting the BFL to the contracted back focal length c-BFL, and to perform the reverse operation to switch from the retracted state to the pop-up state. BFL > 0.2 × TTL, SD ≥ 12 mm, Ratio c-TTL / SD < 0.8, f / # ≤ 1.

6. The lens system.

44. The lens system according to claim 43, wherein N = 6.

45. The lens system according to claim 43, wherein FOV > 70°.

46. The lens system according to claim 43, wherein FOV > 75°.

47. The lens system according to claim 43, wherein c-TTL / SD < 0.

75.

48. The lens system according to claim 43, wherein c-TTL / SD < 0.

7.

49. The lens system according to claim 43, wherein c-TTL / TTL < 0.

8.

50. The lens system according to claim 43, wherein BFL > 0.3 × TTL.

51. The lens system according to claim 43, wherein BFL > 0.35 × TTL.

52. The lens system according to claim 43, wherein f / # ≤ 1.

5.

53. The lens system according to claim 43, wherein f / # ≤ 1.

4.

54. The lens system according to claim 43, wherein SD ≥ 13 mm.

55. The lens system according to claim 43, wherein SD is in the range of 13 mm to 15 mm.

56. The lens system according to claim 55, wherein the EFL is in the range of 8 mm to 9.5 mm.

57. The lens system according to claim 56, wherein the TTL is in the range of 13 mm to 14 mm.

58. L １ to L ６ The lens power sequence from minus - plus - minus - plus - minus - plus, according to claim 44 of the lens system.

59. The lens system is included in a pop - out camera, The pop - out camera is included in a mobile device. The lens system according to any one of claims 43 to 58.

60. The mobile device is a smartphone. The lens system according to claim 59.

61. A foldable mobile device including a passive pop - out camera (POC), The passive POC, A pop - out lens, An image sensor, A passive pop - out actuator, Including, The foldable mobile device is deployable by a deployment operation and foldable by a folding operation, Both operations are performed by a user, The POC, A pop - out state in which the POC is operable and has a total track length TTL, A contracted state in which the POC has and a contracted c - TTL < TTL, Having, The passive pop - out actuator operates to utilize the folding operation to switch the passive POC from the pop - out state to the contracted state, The passive pop - out actuator operates to utilize the deployment operation to switch the passive POC from the contracted state to the pop - out state. A foldable mobile device.

62. The foldable mobile device includes one or more screens, Among the one or more screens, the largest screen is a primary screen. The foldable mobile device according to claim 61.

63. The foldable mobile device according to claim 61, wherein the passive POC is an outer passive POC facing a scene different from the scene facing the primary screen.

64. The foldable mobile device according to claim 61, wherein the passive POC is an inner passive POC facing the same scene as the scene facing the primary screen.

65. The foldable mobile device according to claim 61, wherein the passive pop-out actuator includes one or more mechanical springs.

66. Utilizing the folding operation to switch the passive POC from the pop-out state to the contracted state includes applying a load to one or more of the mechanical springs. The foldable mobile device according to claim 61, wherein utilizing the unfolding operation to switch the passive POC from the contracted state to the pop-out state includes utilizing mechanical spring force.

67. The foldable mobile device according to claim 61, wherein the passive pop-out actuator includes one or more magnetic springs.

68. The foldable mobile device according to claim 67, wherein utilizing the folding operation to switch the passive POC from the pop-out state to the contracted state includes utilizing magnetic spring attraction.

69. The foldable mobile device according to claim 61, wherein the passive pop-out actuator includes two or more gear wheels.

70. The foldable mobile device according to claim 69, wherein utilizing the folding operation to switch the passive POC from the pop-out state to the contracted state and utilizing the unfolding operation to switch the passive POC from the contracted state to the pop-out state includes operating two or more of the gear wheels.

71. The image sensor has a sensor diagonal SD. The foldable mobile device according to claim 61, wherein the ratio c-TTL / SD ≤ 0.

65.

72. The foldable mobile device according to claim 71, wherein c-TTL / SD ≤ 0.

6.

73. The foldable mobile device according to claim 71, wherein c-TTL / SD ≤ 0.

5.

74. The foldable mobile device according to claim 71, wherein c-TTL / SD > 0.

3.

75. The pop-out lens has an effective focal length EFL, The foldable mobile device according to claim 61, wherein the ratio c-TTL / EFL ≤ 0.

75.

76. The foldable mobile device according to claim 75, wherein c-TTL / EFL ≤ 0.

7.

77. The foldable mobile device according to claim 75, wherein c-TTL / EFL ≤ 0.

65.

78. The foldable mobile device according to claim 75, wherein c-TTL / EFL > 0.

4.

79. The foldable mobile device according to claim 61, wherein TTL is in the range of 6 mm to 25 mm.

80. The foldable mobile device according to claim 61, wherein TTL is in the range of 7.5 mm to 15 mm.

81. The foldable mobile device according to claim 61, wherein c-TTL ≤ 0.9 × TTL.

82. The foldable mobile device according to claim 61, wherein the image sensor has a sensor diagonal SD in the range of 12 mm to 25 mm.

83. The foldable mobile device according to claim 61, wherein the pop-out lens has an effective focal length EFL in the range of 10 mm to 30 mm.

84. The foldable mobile device has a normal region and a raised camera bump region, The passive POC is included in the camera bump region, the foldable mobile device according to claim 61.

85. A foldable mobile device including a passive bendable pop-out camera (POC), The passive bendable POC, A lens, A mirror, An image sensor, A passive pop-out actuator, A camera housing, Including, The foldable mobile device is deployable by a deployment operation and foldable by a folding operation, Both operations are performed by a user, The lens is disposed on the object side of the mirror, The camera housing, Module height H Ｍ a module area having Shoulder height H Ｓ <H Ｍ having a shoulder region, and Having, The passive bendable POC, When the passive buckling type POC is active and has a module height H Ｍ in a pop-out state, When the passive bending type POC is in a contracted state having a contracted module height c-H Ｍ <H Ｍ and Having, The passive pop-out actuator operates to utilize the folding operation to switch the passive bendable POC from a pop-out state to a retracted state. The passive pop-out actuator is a foldable mobile device that operates to utilize the deployment operation to switch the passive bending type POC from a contracted state to a pop-out state. **Claim 86** The foldable mobile device includes one or more screens, the largest screen among the one or more screens is referred to as the primary screen, The foldable mobile device according to claim 85, wherein the passive bending type POC is an outer passive bending type POC that faces a scene different from the scene faced by the primary screen. **Claim 87** The foldable mobile device according to claim 85, wherein switching the passive bending type POC from the pop-out state to the contracted state includes rotational movement and linear movement of the mirror. **Claim 88** The foldable mobile device according to claim 85, wherein switching the passive bending type POC from the pop-out state to the contracted state includes linear movement of the lens. **Claim 89** c-H Ｍ =H ｓ The foldable mobile device according to claim 85, wherein it is ±20%. **Claim 90** c-H Ｍ =H Ｓ The foldable mobile device according to claim 85, wherein it is ±10%. **Claim 91** The foldable mobile device according to claim 85, wherein the passive pop-out actuator includes one or more magnetic springs. **Claim 92** The foldable mobile device according to claim 91, wherein utilizing the folding operation to switch the passive bending type POC from the pop-out state to the contracted state includes magnetic spring attraction. **Claim 93** The foldable mobile device according to claim 85, wherein the passive pop-out actuator includes two or more gear wheels. **Claim 94** The foldable mobile device according to claim 93, wherein utilizing the folding operation to switch the passive bending type POC from the pop-out state to the contracted state and utilizing the deployment operation to switch the passive bending type POC from the contracted state to the pop-out state include operating two or more of the gear wheels. **Claim 95** The camera has a back focal length BFL and a total track length TTL, The foldable mobile device according to claim 85, wherein BFL / TTL > 0.

5. **Claim 96** The foldable mobile device according to claim 95, wherein BFL / TTL > 0.

6. **Claim 97** The image sensor has a sensor diagonal SD, Ratio c-H Ｍ The foldable mobile device according to claim 85, wherein c-H / BFL ≤ 1.

98. The pop-out lens has an effective focal length EFL, Ratio c-H Ｍ The foldable mobile device according to claim 85, wherein c-H / EFL ≤ 0.

75.

99. c-H Ｍ The foldable mobile device according to claim 98, wherein c-H / EFL ≤ 0.

7.

100. c-H Ｍ The foldable mobile device according to claim 98, wherein c-H / EFL ≤ 0.

65.

101. c-H Ｍ The foldable mobile device according to claim 98, wherein c-H / EFL > 0.

4.

102. H Ｍ is a foldable mobile device according to claim 85, which is in the range of 6 mm to 25 mm.

103. H Ｍ is a foldable mobile device according to claim 85, which is in the range of 7.5 mm to 15 mm.

104. c-H Ｍ ≤0.9×H Ｍ The foldable mobile device according to claim 85, wherein this is the case.

105. The image sensor has a sensor diagonal SD, The SD is in the range of 12 mm to 25 mm, the foldable mobile device according to claim 85.

106. The pop-out lens has an effective focal length EFL, The EFL is in the range of 10 mm to 50 mm, the foldable mobile device according to claim 85.

107. The EFL is in the range of 10 mm to 25 mm, the foldable mobile device according to claim 106.

108. The foldable mobile device has a normal area and a raised camera bump area, The shoulder area is included in the normal area, The module area is included in the camera bump area, the foldable mobile device according to claim 85.

109. A shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator included in a camera, A plurality of P≥2 SMA wires, A moving element that operates to operate components included in the camera, Including, The camera is included in a mobile electronic device, Each SMA wire of the plurality of P SMA wires is operable over M cycles, The plurality of P SMA wires are guided by the moving element, The force for operating the components included in the camera is provided by one of the plurality of P SMA wires, By continuously using the P SMA wires, the SMA actuator is operable over an extended number of cycles of P×M, the SMA actuator.

110. P = 4, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

111. P = 2 to 25, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

112. M = 1,000 to 100,000, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

113. M = 2,500 to 25,000, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

114. The moving element includes a plurality of P rails, Each of the P SMA wires is arranged on each of the P rails, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

115. Each of the P SMA wires is mechanically and electrically connected to the component included in the camera via a crimping portion, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

116. The moving element performs a rotational movement, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

117. The moving element performs a linear movement, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

118. The camera is a POC, The operation of the component included in the camera is performed for switching of the POC from a pop-out state and a retracted state and for switching in the reverse direction, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

119. The operation of the component included in the camera is performed for focusing, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

120. The operation of the component included in the camera is performed for optical image stabilization, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

121. The mobile device is a smartphone, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

122. The mobile device is a tablet, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

123. The mobile device is a headset, the SMA actuator according to claim 109.

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