Sample introduction device and sample introduction method

Abstract

The present invention relates in particular to a sample supply device and a sample supply method for supplying a flask-shaped sample container to an analysis device. According to the present invention, the sample containers are aligned in a defined manner in terms of reproducible and correct discharge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a sample supply device according to the general concept of claim 1. Further, the present invention relates to a sample supply method according to the general concept of claim 10.

Background Art

[0002] In modern material analysis, the samples to be analyzed are usually subjected to compositional analysis using various analyzers. For this purpose, a wide variety of analyzers are available, and several different types of them are often provided in a laboratory environment. The analysis can be carried out quickly, cost-effectively, and reproducibly in this way. Especially in private laboratories, high processing capacity and as little time and cost expenditure as possible are desired in order to operate without waste. For these reasons, the highest possible degree of automation related to the implementation of material analysis is becoming increasingly important. In addition to the actual analysis execution, this also applies to the handling of samples, namely the preparation of samples, the logistics management in the laboratory, and the supply of individual samples to the corresponding analyzers.

[0003] Various techniques are known from the prior art for preparing samples as quickly as possible in preparation for analysis and for enabling operators to handle the samples easily. One of the aims here is to avoid errors that may occur frequently, especially when the proportion of manual work is high in daily laboratory work and when the workload is high in order to achieve particularly high processing capacity. Known solutions include, for example, conveyor lines or carousel arrangements in which sample containers, especially samples in crucibles, are sequentially supplied to the analyzer via corresponding connections. However, before the system achieves a time benefit through the automatic transport and supply of sample containers, a labor-intensive step of the operator loading the transport system, namely the conveyor belt or the sample container carousel, is often required.

[0004] However, trays with a large number of sample containers can be prepared independently of others before the actual analysis, so there is no need to prepare them immediately before or during the analysis operation. In that case, the corresponding conveyor system can supply sample containers with such trays, for example. In particular, when the sample containers are provided without containing samples - that is, when the samples are only filled onto or into the analyzer immediately before the actual analysis - if the sample containers face in the wrong direction, for example, upside down, it may cause considerable confusion in the process. Therefore, in some cases, the sample containers are checked using, for example, optical methods, cameras, light barriers, etc. before being finally supplied to the analyzer. If a misalignment is detected, the process is interrupted and the operator is notified with an error message. This causes a relatively long delay in the process and may consequently lead to high downtime costs corresponding to it. Therefore, it is essential that the corresponding container trays, etc. are loaded with due care in advance.

[0005] Another option is a configuration in which an electric gripper arm automatically moves back and forth between a sample container supply section, such as a tray or a conveyor chain, and the analyzer to pick up individual sample containers and supply them to the analyzer. This method also has the advantage that more complex handling of samples or sample containers becomes possible with such a gripper arm. For example, it is advantageous when different types of sample containers require different handling, or when accurate alignment is required according to the connection part of the analyzer. As long as an appropriate detection device is used, such a robotic arm can also correct the wrong orientation of the sample container, for example, when the sample container is inserted incorrectly or falls over on the tray. However, the major drawback here is that sometimes very complex mechanisms are vulnerable to influence, and complex mechanisms may contain a large number of moving parts that are interlocked or functionally connected. The more complex the structural design of such a robotic solution is, the higher the associated acquisition costs usually are. Failures or defects are also related to relatively high repair costs or replacement part costs accordingly. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] Against such a background, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art and quickly and surely supplying a sample container to an analyzer, while minimizing the labor of an operator related to the handling of the sample container and the possibility of errors in any case.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] The above problems are solved by a sample supply device having the features of claim 1 according to the present invention. In the sample supply device according to the present invention, sample containers are distributed by a corresponding distribution device, from which individual sample containers are supplied directly or indirectly, i.e., after appropriate further conveyance, for analysis in an analyzer. The distribution device can be formed by or can have, for example, a distribution port or a distribution path. According to the present invention, an alignment device is arranged in front of this distribution device, and the sample containers can be aligned in a defined manner using this alignment device. In this case, the goal is usually defined as an alignment suitable for transferring the sample container to the analyzer and, as a result, for further processing the sample container without problems. This is understood to be possible differently depending on the analyzer.

[0008] In particular, in the case of a crucible-shaped sample container having a basic shape of a hollow cylinder or cube with one end open, the correct orientation is often defined such that the opening faces upward so that the sample is filled into the internal sample receiving space according to gravity. In this case, the sample container is often distributed downward through a distribution path having a free fall section, and is taken in by a receiving element or a sample container catcher of the analyzer or another sample supply device in this distribution path. The sample container can be conveyed into, onto, or further from such a receiving element, for example, using a belt conveyor or a simple gripper arm, in which case the correct alignment is already ensured by the sample supply device according to the present invention.

[0009] To align the sample containers, the alignment device has an inversion device that can selectively change the orientation of the sample containers, in particular. In this context, the orientation of the sample container should be understood, in particular, with respect to its longitudinal axis. Thus, for example, it is possible to invert a sample container having an incorrect orientation before dispensing and thus bring it into the orientation defined as the correct orientation. In particular, this can mean rotating the sample container by 180° so that after inversion the sample container has the opposite orientation with respect to its longitudinal axis. Alternatively or additionally, a further influence on the position of the sample container, for example a rotational movement around the longitudinal axis, can be imparted so that the sample container has a clearly defined orientation.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the inversion device has pins that initially prevent the movement of the sample container through the alignment device. In particular, when the sample container moves at least substantially in the direction of its longitudinal axis, such pin-shaped elements can be used to either let the oncoming sample container pass through as it is, or invert the sample container before or during further movement, depending on the orientation of the oncoming sample container. In particular, a preferably crucible-shaped sample container can be used here, which has an opening facing upwards on one side in the correct orientation when it is dispensed or passed to the analyzer. When a sample container having a shape such as a hollow cylinder, cube, etc. moves along its longitudinal axis, for example through a supply path, to the alignment device, the front face of the sample container can come into contact with the pins of the inversion device.

[0011] There are two main cases to be distinguished here. On the one hand, the sample container may reach with its closed bottom first, so that it will already have the normal correct orientation while moving further without being obstructed or affected. On the other hand, the sample container may have an inverted orientation with respect to its longitudinal direction when it reaches the alignment device or within it. In this case, due to the inversion of the sample container, the orientation will be changed such that the closed bottom replaces the opening, and vice versa. If the sample container is inverted and moves further before or during release, the sample container will have the correct orientation with the opening facing upwards when it is dispensed.

[0012] The effect of the pin of the inversion device is such that, in particular, an ideal crucible-shaped or cup-shaped sample container that reaches the pin in the wrong orientation will first move until the pin engages with the internal sample receiving space. The movement of the sample container ends at the latest when the bottom of the container contacts the front surface of the pin on the inside.

[0013] The pin is preferably pivotally mounted so that it deflects from the rest position to the release position as soon as it contacts the oncoming sample container, specifically by its own weight. When the pin contacts the sample container, if the closed end is first, it is preferable that the sample container can continue to move along the movement path without being changed, for example towards the dispensing opening, by the pin that has moved to the release position. However, if the sample container first has the opening facing the front and moves to such an extent that the pin of the inversion device engages with the inside of the sample container, the sample container must first follow the lateral pivoting movement of the pin before proceeding. Here, the longitudinal orientation of the sample container is preferably changed to at least such an extent that it is ensured that the sample container has the correct orientation when it is dispensed.

[0014] Preferably, the sample container is moved within the area of the alignment device by the sample supply device at least essentially as a result of gravity, i.e., based on the weight of the sample container itself. In this case, the sample container slides, for example, along the supply path in the direction of the alignment device or the inversion device. According to the invention, the sample container does not necessarily have to move strictly vertically, i.e., in the vertical direction. Similarly, in particular, movements forming an acute angle with respect to the horizontal plane, or even movements parallel thereto, can be enabled.

[0015] With respect to the direction in which the sample container is supplied to the alignment device, the inversion device is preferably designed such that the pivotably mounted pin is aligned in the direction of the sample container that at least substantially arrives in its rest position, and the longitudinal axis of the pin preferably extends at least substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sample container when it reaches the inversion device, or there is preferably an acute angle of less than 45° between the longitudinal axis of the pin and the sample container. Thereby, the pin can be easily moved to the release position by the weight of the arriving sample container. In particular, the release position is at least essentially directed downward, i.e., in the direction of gravity. Thus, a sample container that is already correctly aligned preferably passes through the alignment device with its closed end first, in which case the inversion device or its pin-shaped element simply pivots out of the movement path due to the weight of the sample container. In contrast, in the opposite direction, i.e., a sample container that arrives with its open end first, initially slides over the pin, so the pivoting movement of the pin is not caused by a frontal contact with the outside of the bottom of the sample container, but rather by the inner wall of the sample container coming to rest on the pin. After the downward co-pivoting movement, the sample container preferably slides off the pin as a result of gravity and continues its movement along the free fall path in the direction of the distribution device, for example, through the distribution path.

[0016] In an alternative embodiment, the alignment device can initially have a structure that brings the sample container to a horizontal position where the longitudinal axis of the sample container is at least essentially perpendicular to the vertical direction. Next, from this position, the sample container can move along a free-fall path perpendicular to its longitudinal direction. A collision device, for example a cross bar or plate-like and / or wedge-shaped element, preferably arranged at the center of the longitudinal extension of the sample container, is configured to impart a lateral rotational impact force to the sample container in the transverse direction with respect to its longitudinal direction when the sample container collides with it, so that its longitudinal axis tilts towards a direction having a vertical component on the horizontal line. Due to the one-sided closed shape of the crucible-shaped sample container, the sample container has an asymmetric mass distribution with respect to its longitudinal axis. As a result, the angular momentum always has the effect that when the sample container collides with the collision element, the heavy bottom section of the sample container is at least essentially vertically downward, so that the sample container has the normal preferred orientation with the opening facing upwards during further movement in the falling direction. Next, when the thus-aligned sample container reaches the dispensing device of the sample supply device, for example by entering a dispensing channel provided with a dispensing opening at its end, correct alignment is ensured during dispensing.

[0017] In the case of the pin of the inversion device that can be moved between a rest position and a release position, the pin preferably receives a restoring force acting in the direction of the rest position. This can be achieved by an elastically acting bearing, a magnetically acting element such as a permanent magnet and / or an electromagnet, at least a partially elastic design of the inversion device or the pin, and / or a motor-applied torque. Such a restoring force ensures that after the release of the sample container, the starting position for stopping and, if necessary, inverting the advancement of the next sample container is always again assumed.

[0018] The reversing device preferably has a weight or counterweight for applying a restoring force. Such a counterweight can be arranged on the side opposite to the pivot bearing or the pin of the pivot axis. Specifically, this weight has a mass sufficient to create a torque in the direction of the rest position that is higher than the torque applied in the direction of the release position by the mass of the pin alone. At the same time, the counterweight is preferably dimensioned such that the torque applied in the direction of the rest position is less than the weight applied in the direction of the release position, usually on the opposite side, i.e., specifically on the side of the pin, when the incoming sample container contacts the pin and slides over the pin in its inner region.

[0019] To adapt to different types of sample containers, the pin and / or the corresponding counterweight can be made adjustable, removable, and / or replaceable. Specifically, by appropriately adjusting the counterweight, the torque for proper operation can be adapted to the mass of the sample container used. In a preferred embodiment, the counterweight can be adjusted with respect to the length of the actuating lever, for example, using a thread.

[0020] To interrupt the sample supply operation as needed, the alignment device can have a blocking device for blocking the reversing device and / or for blocking the movement of the sample container through the alignment device. Also, it is understood that such a blocking device can start from the upstream side of the alignment device to stop or decelerate the further movement of the sample container in the direction of the alignment device. In this way, the sample supply device according to the invention can not only ensure the correct alignment of the sample container but also time the supply of the sample container to the analyzer or the supply rate according to the rate at which individual analyses are carried out.

[0021] Preferably, a corresponding dispensing sensor is assigned to the dispensing device, and this sensor can be used to detect the success or completion of the dispensing of the sample container. Thus, on the one hand, it is possible to recognize whether or when the supply process of the sample container to the analyzer has been completed, so that the next sample container can be supplied. On the other hand, using such a dispensing sensor, it is also possible to recognize whether an obstacle has occurred on the transport path of the sample container, specifically in the area of the dispensing device, for example, whether the sample container has tilted in the dispensing path.

[0022] The sample supply device according to the present invention ensures that the sample container is always correctly aligned when dispensed to the analyzer, so that the requirements for pre-supplying, i.e., replenishing, the sample container are reduced accordingly. Thus, the operator no longer needs to confirm that each of the individual sample containers is already correctly aligned before inserting them into the sample supply device according to the present invention. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the sample supply device according to the present invention has a filling device for simply filling it with a plurality of sample containers. Specifically, this can be a funnel-shaped arrangement of components or the funnel itself, or alternatively or additionally, an input ramp or a similar filling port through which a plurality of sample containers can be loaded into the sample supply device simply by dropping them in. Specifically, this enables a procedure of opening a storage bag in which a large number of sample containers are held in a random orientation and filling the sample supply device with the contents through the filling device. In addition to the significant labor involved in individually aligning and arranging the sample containers in a tray or the like, the undesirable aspect of direct contact between the operator and the sample containers is also eliminated. On the one hand, this reduces the risk that the sample containers are contaminated and, as a result, the analysis of the samples subsequently placed in the sample containers is tampered with. Next, the form of the graphite sample container, specifically the graphite crucible, is used for various applications. Here, handling the sample containers individually often results in undesirable contamination of the material for handling the sample containers or the operator's hands when in contact with the containers. This problem is generally solved simply by dropping a large number of sample containers into the collection container.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the sample supply device according to the present invention has a separation device, and using this separation device, individual samples can be drawn out from a plurality of sample containers that may exist in a scattered state and supplied individually to the alignment device. As a result, the handling of the system is further simplified, and the smooth operation of the alignment device and, as a result, the entire sample supply device is further supported.

[0024] The separation device is preferably designed as a conveyor wheel or has a conveyor wheel. The conveyor wheel can have one or preferably a plurality of receiving parts for the sample containers, and by means of this receiving part, individual sample containers are picked up from the supply part and further conveyed in the direction of the alignment device. The receiving part is dimensioned such that only one sample container enters the receiving part at a time, but there is sufficient clearance around the sample container so that the sample container can enter and exit the receiving part without tipping, and so that the sample container is not picked up by the receiving part when it is not in a specific orientation.

[0025] The corresponding receiving part of the separation device for the sample container can, for example, have a cross-sectional area that increases towards its opening, so that the sample container can easily enter the receiving part regardless of its orientation, especially in a scattered state. Alternatively or additionally, a slight inclination can be provided in the receiving part, in which case the opening of the receiving part into which the sample container can enter is, in detail, offset in the moving direction of the separation device with respect to the deeper region of the receiving part. This makes it possible to more reliably pick up individual sample containers from a disordered group, such as in the form of a stack or a bulk load.

[0026] Preferably, from the separation device, the separated sample container reaches the alignment device through a supply path. In detail, the supply path is dimensioned such that the sample container can only pass through it parallel to its longitudinal axis, so that it reaches the alignment device either with the bottom first or with the opening first. This further supports the proper operation of the alignment device described above.

[0027] The supply path is generally understood not to be limited to a specific length or a specific path. Specifically, when the movement of the sample container through the supply path is utilized as a result of the self-weight of the sample container, the arrangement of the supply path can have a vertical component at least in each section. In addition to a vertical path or a path at an angle to the horizontal plane, a series of different path sections can also be provided. Curved sections are also possible. For example, in the case of an alternative design of the alignment device, specifically when using the collision element in the manner described above, when the horizontal alignment of the sample container is achieved before free-falling in the direction of the collision element, the supply path can, for example, have a shape in which the sample container is first accelerated through at least an essentially vertical drop section and then passes through a curved section until it reaches a horizontal orientation and continues to move in this form until it reaches the supply port and exits the supply path downward in the direction of the collision element through the supply port.

[0028] Sensors can be assigned to the supply path, and these sensors can be used to detect the entry and / or presence of the sample container in the supply path or the movement of the sample container through the supply path. This facilitates the inspection of the operation regarding the smooth conveyance of the sample container through the sample supply device. The important point here is, for example, the transfer of the sample container separated from the separation device into the supply path at the corresponding discharge port or the inlet opening into the supply path. If the sample container gets stuck at this point between the wall of the supply path and the side boundary of the separation device holder, the process may stop or the machine may be damaged. The corresponding sensor can help recognize such obstacles at an early stage.

[0029] Clogging of the sample container when entering the supply path can also be avoided by the widened outlet of the supply path and / or a separate widened discharge section. In this case, the section of the supply path related to the outlet, i.e., in particular the section of the supply path facing the separation device, is preferably funnel-shaped and extends from the inlet opening of the supply path, i.e., in particular in the direction of the subsequent alignment device. Particularly preferably, the widened, in particular funnel-shaped, section of the supply path has an asymmetric shape, and ideally, the wider side than the center is arranged in the moving direction of the sample container moved by the separation device.

[0030] The sample supply device preferably has a control device for controlling the moving speed of the separation device. In the case of a conveyor wheel, this is applied in particular to its rotational speed. Thus, depending on the data from some sensor, if an obstacle such as clogging of the sample container is about to occur, the movement of the separation device can be slowed down or stopped completely. It is understood that corresponding sensors, in particular position, speed and / or acceleration sensors, can also be provided to detect the moving speed of the separation device.

[0031] Alternatively or additionally, the alignment device, in particular its inversion device, can also be actively controlled and operated by corresponding adjustment devices and / or control devices. Corresponding data from various sensors of the types described above can also be used in this regard.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, a filling level sensor is provided to monitor the filling level within the area of the filling device or in a reservoir associated with the filling device. Specifically, a plurality of sensors can also be assigned to the filling device, in which case, for example, one sensor monitors the filling level of the sample container reservoir with relatively coarse accuracy, and when the filling level drops below a certain level and the sample container needs to be refilled, a signal or message can be output by the corresponding control device. Another sensor can, specifically, determine whether the sample container is filled at all, and for example, send a message after the last sample container from the supply unit has been used up, and stop the operation of the sample supply device, or its components, specifically the movement of the separation device, with the corresponding control device.

[0033] The sample supply method according to claim 10 has particular inventive significance.

[0034] According to this method, the supply of samples or sample containers to the analyzer is carried out by first preparing a plurality of sample containers. These are preferably basically crucible-shaped sample containers, specifically having a hollow cylindrical and / or cubic basic shape with one end closed.

[0035] Next, the sample containers are separated according to a process, which can be carried out automatically, in particular using a corresponding separation device.

[0036] Subsequently, the individual sample containers are aligned in an orientation defined by the application situation. This orientation depends in particular on how the sample containers are subsequently used with or by the analyzer. The sample containers are particularly preferably provided in an upright position with the opening facing upwards so that, in particular, they can be filled with the sample substance from above using gravity. The sample containers are oriented, in particular, by selectively reversing their orientation with respect to their longitudinal axis. Here, it is preferably distinguished whether the sample containers are already basically in the correct orientation or in an initial position suitable for the correct orientation. In particular, the reversal is only carried out if this is not the case. If correct, further movement of the sample containers can be permitted or released without hindrance. The sample containers are aligned or reversed, in particular, by a corresponding alignment device, preferably using a corresponding reversal device.

[0037] Finally, the sample containers are dispensed in the reverse orientation, if necessary, according to the method. Thus, ultimately, by the method according to the invention, it is ensured that all the dispensed sample containers, regardless of their initial position, have an orientation suitable for further use in the analyzer.

[0038] It is understood that all the embodiments and aspects described above with respect to the sample supply device can be used in corresponding aspects also in the sample supply method according to the invention.

[0039] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments. All features described and / or illustrated form independent aspects of the present invention, regardless of their combination in the illustrated embodiments or mention in the claims.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0040]

Figure 1

Figure 2

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Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0041] FIGS. 1 and 2 show a sample supply device 1 in a preferred embodiment according to the present invention. The sample supply device 1 is used to supply a sample container 2 to an analyzer, but is not shown in detail for clarity. Generally, the sample supply device 1 according to the present invention is preferably not only connectable to a specific analyzer, but also suitable for use with different analyzers. Another possible option is to use the sample supply device 1 according to the present invention as just one element of a series of individual sample supply sections in a laboratory environment.

[0042] The sample supply device 1 according to the present invention distributes the sample container 2 into a clearly defined alignment or orientation using a dispensing device 3, which is characterized by the fact that this sample container 2 can then be used correctly and without further hassle in subsequent analysis devices. According to the present invention, the sample container 2 is aligned by an alignment device 4 that is functionally and structurally upstream of the dispensing device 3. In this case, the upstream arrangement particularly refers to the direction of movement of the sample container through the various sections or components of the sample supply device 1.

[0043] In the illustrated embodiment, the orientation device 4 has a reversing device 5 that can selectively change or reverse the orientation of the sample container 2 with respect to its longitudinal axis. In this context, selectively means that the orientation of the sample container 2 is changed only if required due to its initial orientation in order to be properly aligned using the dispensing device 3 for further use in the analyzer.

[0044] In the preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the reversing device 5 has a pivotally mounted pin 6 that is movable between a stationary position shown in FIG. 1 and a release position shown in FIG. 2.

[0045] The pin 6 does not necessarily have to be cylindrical and does not have to have a constant thickness or a constant cross-sectional shape. The term "pin" ultimately includes various types of elongated components. These can be, for example, protrusions or tongues of variously shaped materials. Mandrels, cones or pyramids also functionally correspond to the term "pin" in the meaning of the present invention.

[0046] As shown in FIG. 1, when the sample container 2 reaches the alignment device 4, the pin 6 of the reversing device 5 in the stationary position first prevents the sample container 2 from moving further in the direction of the dispensing device 3. In this example, the sample container 2 has the preferred shape of a crucible with an interior 7 and a bottom 8, and since this bottom 8 closes the sample container 2 on one of its end faces, access to the interior 7 is possible only on one side. If the sample container 2 collides with the pin 6 of the reversing device 5 with the bottom 8 facing forward, the sample container 2 exerts a torque on the reversing device 5 in the direction of its release position due to its own weight. This is possible especially when there is a certain angle between the longitudinal axis or the direction of movement of the sample container 2 when it reaches the alignment device 4 and the longitudinal axis of the pin 6 of the reversing device 5, i.e., when the longitudinal axis of the sample container 2 and the longitudinal axis of the pin 6 or the reversing device 5 as a whole are not exactly parallel. Due to the applied torque, the reversing device 5 moves in the direction of the release position shown in FIG. 2 by the pin 6 pivoting downward around the pivot axis 9 and clearing the way for the sample container 2 to continue moving.

[0047] However, when the sample container 2 reaches the alignment device 4 with its open side leading as shown in the figure according to FIG. 1, the pin 6 engages with the interior 7 of the sample container 2. The movement of the sample container 2 ends at the latest when the distal end of the pin 6 contacts the inner bottom 10 of the sample container 2. In this state, the sample container 2 is located above the dispensing path 11 of the dispensing device 3 in particular. Therefore, it is preferable that the sample container 2 is separated from the supply path 12 from which it was supplied to the alignment device 4. In this state, it is preferable that the sample container 2 is held exclusively by the inversion device 5 or the pin 6 of the inversion device 5. Here, when the inversion device 5 moves in the direction of its release position, the pin 6 moves to a position facing downward in the direction of the dispensing device 3. The sample container 2 follows this movement of the inversion device 5 or further causes it by its own weight. However, as a result, its orientation with respect to its longitudinal axis rotates substantially 180° compared to its original position (this should be understood with respect to its direction of movement). The actual angle between the orientation when the sample container 2 arrives and the orientation when it is dispensed ultimately depends on the individual design. However, the specific shapes and dimensions of the various components of the sample supply device 1 according to the present invention may vary in each case according to the respective application situation, for example, the downstream analyzer.

[0048] As can be seen from the cross-sectional views according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the dispensing device 3 or the dispensing path 11 is shaped in particular in the region of the alignment device 4 or the inversion device 5 such that there is enough space for the inversion device 5 to move together with the sample container 2 without problems. For this purpose, the discharge path 11 can have, for example, a conical cross-sectional shape or can be widened in some other suitable way.

[0049] In the exemplary embodiment shown, the inversion device 5 has a counterweight 13 on the side facing outward when viewed from the pin 6 of the pivot axis 9, and this counterweight 13 exerts a torque in the direction of the stationary position with respect to the inversion device. Specifically, the counterweight 13 can be adjusted, for example, by changing the distance to the pivot axis 9, that is, by changing the length of the lever arm.

[0050] The change in the position of the counterweight 13 with respect to the pivot axis 9 can be realized, for example, by fastening the counterweight 13 with a thread, further screwing it in or loosening it and displacing it axially. According to the present invention, both internal and external threads can be provided on the counterweight 13, which interact with the corresponding mating threads. It is understood that instead of threads, it is also possible to simply displace the counterweight 13 on the support arm of the inversion device 5. The counterweight 13 is preferably fixed against position changes with respect to the pivot axis 9, in which case this is done in particular according to the principles of press fitting or friction fitting and / or fitting.

[0051] Alternatively or additionally, the counterweight 13 can also be made removable or replaceable.

[0052] By changing or replacing the counterweight 13, the torque acting in the direction of the stationary position of the inversion device 5, that is, the restoring force, can be adjusted. In this way, the inversion device 5 can be adjusted for operation with sample containers 2 of various masses. The ideal result is that in the state of the inversion device 5 not in contact with the sample container 2, the torque acting in the direction of the stationary position is dominant, so that it is guaranteed that the inversion device 5 automatically returns to the stationary position. Here, when the inversion device 5 receives the weight of the sample container 2 at the end opposite to the counterweight 13 with respect to the pivot axis 9, that is, specifically at the pin 6 or a pin-shaped element, the torque acting in the direction of the release position becomes dominant, causing the movement of the inversion device 5.

[0053] Instead of or in addition to the counterweight 13, the restoring force can also be achieved by a spring device, a magnetically or electromagnetically acting component, and / or an inversion device 5 made of a flexible or elastic material, in particular by the general design of the pin 6. In this context, combinations of various means are also possible.

[0054] Another option that can be realized in addition to the other described configurations of the inversion device 5 is to actively move the inversion device 5 to the release position and / or the rest position, in particular by motor drive. This makes it possible to control and influence to a certain extent the sequence or operation of the alignment device 4 and thus ultimately the sample supply device 1 as a whole.

[0055] By using a blocking device (not shown in detail), it is possible to block the movement of the inversion device 5 and / or fix the inversion device 5 in a specific position, in particular the rest position and / or the release position. Alternatively or additionally, corresponding blocking devices can also be provided to block the movement of the sample container 2 through the supply line 12, the alignment device 4, and / or the dispensing device 3.

[0056] In connection with the present invention, the corresponding blocking device can operate in a fitting manner, in particular by introducing a blocking member into the movement path of the sample container 2 or the inversion device 5. Alternatively or additionally, this blocking action can also be achieved according to the force-locking principle, for example, by increasing the frictional force on the pivot axis 9 and / or by reducing the cross-sectional area of the supply line 12, for example, by means of a clamping jaw or an equivalent component, and clamping the sample container 2.

[0057] The sample supply device 1 according to the present invention can also have one or more sensors. In the preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, for example, a dispensing sensor 14 is provided, which is assigned to the dispensing device 3 and is arranged at the end of the dispensing path 11, i.e., in the vicinity of the dispensing port 15. The normal dispensing of the sample container 2 can be confirmed by the dispensing sensor 14. In that case, it can be assumed that the new sample container 2 can pass through the alignment device 4 and the dispensing device 3 without being hindered.

[0058] The data obtained using the corresponding sensors are used in monitoring, control and / or regulating devices and, when a fault is detected in the process, can output a message, in particular a warning message, to the operator via the corresponding user interface. Furthermore, it is possible to carry out a statistical investigation of the operation, for example with regard to the absolute number of sample containers 2 and / or the number of dispensings per unit of time. Therefore, preferably, alternatively or additionally, the operation of the sample supply device 1, in particular of the alignment device 4, can also be adjusted according to the recorded sensor data, for example by activating or deactivating the corresponding blocking device.

[0059] In the exemplary embodiment shown, the swivel inversion device 5 has a swivel range of approximately 90°. In the rest position, the counterweight 13 rests in contact with the rest stop 16. In the direction of the release position, the movement of the inversion device 5 is limited by the release stop 17. If the sample container 2 leaves the inversion device 5 before reaching the release stop 17 (when inverting the sample container 2), or if it has already passed beyond the inversion device 5 in the direction of the dispensing device 3 (when the sample container 2 has entered in the correct orientation), the inversion device 5 will return towards the rest position from this point on. Therefore, the release position should be understood in terms of function and is not strictly defined by reaching the maximum deflection of the inversion device 5 or by reaching the release stop 17. The same applies to the rest position when a new sample container 2 reaches the inversion device 5 before the inversion device 5 reaches the rest stop 16.

[0060] In the perspective views of FIGS. 3 and 4, and the side view according to FIG. 5, it can be seen that the sample supply device 1 according to the present invention in the illustrated exemplary embodiment preferably has a filling device 18 in the form of a funnel or a charging ramp, or a combination thereof. The filling device 18 is preferably designed such that an acceptance volume for the sample container reservoir is formed in the internal region it delimits. Alternatively or additionally, a separate reservoir filled via the filling device 18 can also be provided. In this way, a plurality of sample containers 2 can be stored in the sample supply device 1, so that by sequentially distributing the sample containers 2, a continuous supply to the downstream analyzer can be maintained for a relatively long time. Specifically, the filling device 18 is dimensioned to hold at least 10, preferably at least 25, particularly preferably at least 50 sample containers 2 in stock.

[0061] The quantity of sample containers 2 in the reservoir can be detected, for example, using a filling level sensor 19. Preferably, a plurality of filling level sensors 19 can also be used.

[0062] The sensors used in connection with the present invention can operate in principle in different ways or function according to different operating principles. Specifically, a design based on the principle of an optical barrier is suitable for detecting the passage or presence of a sample container 2 at a specific location. An exemplary use of an optical barrier sensor is the dispensing sensor 14. Other sensors that can detect the presence of one or more sample containers 2 function, for example, according to the induction principle and / or by LIDAR. An example of this is the filling level sensor 19. However, it should be understood that ultimately each of the sensors mentioned can function according to each of the exemplary principles mentioned, and combinations such as an induction measurement supported by LIDAR using another sensor are also possible.

[0063] In the illustrated embodiment, the separation device 20 is used to individually supply the sample containers 2 from the reservoir in the area of the filling device 18 to the alignment device 4, so that on the one hand it can function without interference, and on the other hand the continuous discharge of the individual sample containers 2 and the supply to the analyzer can be carried out. In this embodiment, the separation device 20 is designed as a conveyor wheel 21 or has a conveyor wheel 21. Alternatively, designs such as a conveyor belt, a conveyor chain, etc. are also possible.

[0064] The conveyor wheel 21 is designed in the form of a paddle wheel in detail and preferably has a plurality of receiving parts 22 for the sample containers 2, and these receiving parts 22 are separated from each other by paddle elements 23 and their shapes are defined.

[0065] The conveyor wheel 21 is rotated by a motor and is arranged in detail with respect to the filling device 18 such that the receiving part 22 travels below the sample container 2 in the filling device 18 or in the sample container reservoir. The outer region of the conveyor wheel 21 having the paddle elements 23 and the receiving parts 22 defined thereby extends in detail into the housing part 25, and its width substantially corresponds to the height of the paddle elements 23, and with this width the paddle elements 23 project from the bottom plate 26 of the conveyor wheel 21, resulting in defining the width of the receiving part. Accordingly, in the region of the housing part 25, the receiving part 22 is restricted by the blade element 23, the bottom plate 26 of the conveyor wheel 21 and the wall of the housing part 25 and is accessible only through an opening that at least substantially faces radially inwards.

[0066] Due to the corresponding arrangement of the filling device 18 on the housing part 25, the transition part between the filling device 18 and the housing part 25 extends, in particular, over the area of the accessible opening of the receiving part 22 and / or immediately above it, i.e., it is offset radially inwards. For example, due to the corresponding inclination and / or shape of the filling device 18 as an input ramp that can also be provided only partially, the sample container 2, in particular in the form of bulk packing, now leans against the bottom plate 26 of the conveyor wheel 21, and as a result of the action of gravity, at least some of them enter the receiving part 22. This can be supported by the corresponding asymmetric shape and / or orientation of the receiving part 22 inclined with respect to the radial direction in connection with the rotation of the conveyor wheel 21. The inclination of the receiving part 22 is predetermined by the shape of the blade element 23. Preferably, the opening of the receiving part 22 is designed to be offset radially with respect to the rotation direction of the conveyor wheel 21.

[0067] When the sample container 2 is placed in the receiving part 22, in particular from bulk packing, in the illustrated embodiment of the sample supply device 1, its orientation can ultimately only take two states. Its bottom 8 faces either radially outwards or radially inwards as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 with respect to the sample container 2a, and the opening of the interior 7 of the sample container 2 faces radially outwards as in the case of another sample container 2b also shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0068] In this example, the separation device 20 is connected to the alignment device 4 by the supply path 12. The separated sample containers 2 can exit radially outwards from the receiving part 22 of the conveyor wheel 21 through the corresponding discharge ports 27, enter the supply path 12 from there, and initially maintain their orientation. When the sample container 2 reaches the alignment device 4 equipped with the inversion device 5 through the supply path 12, its orientation can be inverted in the above-described manner, and as a result, all the sample containers 2 have the same orientation when they reach the distribution device 3.

[0069] The supply path 12 can have a discharge section with a cross-section that widens in the direction of the discharge port 27, i.e., at its end facing the separation device 20. Here, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an asymmetric structure with a large spread depending on the rotational direction of the conveyor wheel 21 is preferred. This reduces the risk of clogging when the sample container 2 exits the holder through the discharge port 27 into the discharge section or the supply path 12.

[0070] In principle, the moving speed of the separation device 20, specifically the rotational speed of the conveyor wheel 21, needs to be reasonably calculated according to the dimensions of the sample container 2 and, due to the surface characteristics with which the sample container 2 interacts with the surface defining the boundary of the receiving part 22, according to how quickly the sample container 2 can slide out of the receiving part 22. Alternatively or additionally, the position of the discharge port 27 in the rotational direction should also be considered, because the influence of the vertically acting gravity on the acceleration of the sample container 2 is evaluated according to this position.

[0071] The more the discharge port 27 is positioned in the lower region of the conveyor wheel 21, i.e., the steeper the slope of the sample container 2 when leaving the receiving part 22, the greater the acceleration when leaving the receiving part. Therefore, when the sample container 2 exits the receiving part 22, care must be taken that the receiving part does not overshoot the discharge port 27 while the sample container 2 is partially located in the receiving part 22 and already in the supply path 12 or its discharge section 28, so that the sample container 2 clogs and the movement of the separation device 22, and consequently the operation of the entire sample supply device 1, is prevented and the separation device 20 does not move.

[0072] To avoid the above problems, the moving speed of the separation device 20 can be monitored and adjusted using a control device. For this purpose, appropriate sensors can be provided. Specifically, the discharge sensor 29 related to the separation device 20 can be arranged in the region of the discharge port 27, specifically, and can detect the presence of the sample container 2 in the receiving part 22 immediately before or directly at the discharge port 27.

[0073] Such a discharge sensor 29 can also detect when the sample container 2 has completely left the receiving part 22. When the progressive movement of the separation device 20 reaches a specific point where there is a risk of the sample container 2 getting clogged in the manner described above, if the sample container 2 has not yet left the receiving part 22, the control device can be used to reduce the moving speed of the separation device 20 or completely stop it until the sample container 2 has completely left the receiving part 22.

[0074] In order to monitor the rotational speed of the conveyor wheel 21 or the moving speed of the separation device 20, it is generally understood that it is possible to directly measure the moving speed and / or provide one or more corresponding sensors that can measure the moving distance or the moving rotation angle.

[0075] Also, FIGS. 6 and 7 show an alternative embodiment of the sample supply device 1 according to the present invention. Here, the filling device 18 and the separation device 20 are provided in the manner described above.

[0076] However, the alignment device 4 is designed to essentially require no moving parts.

[0077] The supply path 12 for guiding the sample container 2 from the separation device 20 to the alignment device 4 after separation is, in this example, shaped such that the sample container 2 first moves through at least a substantially vertical section where it is accelerated as a result of gravity. This is followed by a curved section 30, which deflects the sample container 2 and preferably positions it in a horizontal orientation that is at least substantially perpendicular to the vertical direction. In this position, the sample container 2 still moves a certain distance along the horizontal section 31 of the supply path 12 until it reaches the release port 32 as a result of its inertia.

[0078] The sample container 2 now exits from the discharge opening 32 in a horizontally downward direction and reaches an alignment device having an inversion device 5 in the form of a collision element 33 by free fall. The collision element 33 is designed as a rod extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the oncoming sample container 2. Specifically, the collision element 33 is arranged relative to the discharge opening 32 such that the sample container 2 collides with the collision element 33 approximately at the center with respect to its longitudinal extent. Due to the one-sided arrangement of the bottom 8, the sample container 2 preferably has an asymmetric mass distribution, so that it receives an angular momentum when colliding with the collision element 33 and always assumes an upright position with the bottom 8 facing downwards. In this position, which is basically suitable for use in an analyzer in most cases, the sample container 2 further falls into the collection funnel 34, and its tapered shape corrects any excessive rotation of the sample container 2. The sample container 2 finally flows into the distribution device 3, and the sample container 2 is finally distributed by this distribution device.

[0079] Regardless of the design of the sample supply device 1, specifically the alignment device 4, a capture device 35 can be installed downstream of the distribution device 3. This capture device 35 takes in the distributed sample container 2 in the correct orientation. Next, the capture device 35 can be used, or starting from the capture device 35, further final conveyance to the analyzer can be performed.

Explanation of reference numerals

[0080] 1 Sample supply device 2 Sample container 2a Sample container 2b Sample container 3 Distribution device 4 Alignment device 5 Inversion device 6 Pin 7 Inside 8 Bottom 9 Swivel axis 10 Inside the bottom 11 Discharge path 12 Supply path 13 Counterweight 14 Distribution sensor 15 Distribution opening 16 Static stop 17 Release stop 18 Filling device 19 Level sensor 20 Separation device 21 Conveyor wheel 22 Receiving part 23 Paddle element 24 Motor 25 Housing part 26 Bottom plate 27 Discharge port 28 Drop section 29 Drop sensor 30 Curved section 32 Release opening 33 Collision element 34 Recovery funnel 35 Capture device

Claims

1. A sample supply device (1) comprising a dispensing device (3) for dispensing a sample container (2), in particular a crucible-shaped sample container, to a analyzer, wherein the dispensing device (3) is arranged behind an alignment device (4) for the defined alignment of the sample container (2).

2. The sample supply device according to claim 1, wherein the alignment device (4) has an inversion device (5) for selectively changing the orientation of the sample container (2) with respect to its longitudinal axis.

3. The sample supply device according to claim 2, wherein the inversion device (5) preferably has a pivotably mounted pin (6), and / or the inversion device (5), in particular the pin (6), can be moved between a rest position and a release position.

4. The sample supply device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the inversion device (5) is subject to a restoring force acting in the direction of the rest position, and preferably the inversion device (5) has a counterweight (13) for applying the restoring force, in particular an adjustable, removable and / or replaceable counterweight.

5. The sample supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a blocking device is provided for blocking the inversion device (5) and / or for blocking the movement of the sample container (2).

6. The sample supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a dispensing sensor (14) for detecting the dispensing of the sample container (2) is associated with the dispensing device (3).

7. The sample supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sample supply device (1) has a filling device (18) for filling the sample supply device (1) with a plurality of sample containers (2), preferably having a funnel and / or a loading ramp, and preferably at least one filling level sensor (19) is assigned to the filling device (18).

8. The sample supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sample supply device (1) has a separation device (20) for separating the sample containers (2), and preferably the separation device (20) comprises a conveyor wheel (21) preferably having one or more receiving parts (22) for the sample container (2).

9. The sample supply device according to claim 8, wherein an adjustment device is provided for adjusting the moving speed of the separation device (20), specifically the rotational speed of the conveyor wheel (21).

10. A sample supply method for supplying a sample container (2) to an analyzer, comprising: preparing a plurality of sample containers (2), specifically crucible-shaped containers; separating the sample containers (2); determining the orientation of a single sample container (2), wherein the sample container (2) is selectively inverted according to its orientation with respect to its longitudinal axis; distributing the sample container (2). A method comprising the steps of.

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