Equipment for machining shafts, especially deep rolling

Abstract

An apparatus (1) for machining, particularly deep rolling, a shaft (4) and other components, comprising two revolving centers (2A, 2B) for supporting the shaft (4) to be machined on both sides, at least one drive (6A, 6B) for rotating the shaft (4) to be machined, and at least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') for machining, particularly deep rolling, the shaft (4) to be machined, the two revolving centers (2A, 2B) having central axes An apparatus (1) is shown and described in which at least one revolving center (2B) is disposed on a central axis (3), at least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are disposed on a movable axial slide (10A, 10B, 10C) displaceable along the central axis (3), and the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are radially displaceable relative to the central axis (3). At least one exchange device (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') is provided for exchanging the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B') to achieve efficient machining of components having different geometries. The use of such an apparatus for deep rolling axles (4), particularly wheelset axles for railway vehicles, is also shown and described.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for machining, in particular deep rolling, shafts and other components, comprising two revolving centers for supporting the shaft to be machined on both sides, at least one drive device for rotating the shaft to be machined, and at least one pair of rolling tools for machining, in particular deep rolling, the shaft to be machined, wherein the two revolving centers are arranged on a central axis, at least one of the revolving centers is displaceable along the central axis, and the at least one pair of rolling tools is arranged on a movable axial slide that is displaceable along the central axis, and the rolling tools are displaceable radially relative to the central axis.

[0002] The invention also relates to the use of such an apparatus for deep rolling axles, in particular wheelset axles for railway vehicles.

[0003] Axle machining is particularly important in the area of ​​wheel sets for railway vehicles, because deep rolling can significantly increase the durability of axles (German: Radsatzachsen, English: wheelset axles) and axles (German: Radsatzwellen, English: wheelset shafts). During deep rolling, a suitable rolling body is guided or rolled over the surface of the component to be machined under contact pressure. Various effects occur in the surface or edge layer area of ​​the machined material, such as smoothing the surface (small notches are leveled) and plastically deforming the material, thereby densifying it. Furthermore, deep rolling can reduce undesirable residual stresses that may be present in the workpiece edge layer. Deep rolling can also create favorable residual stress conditions in the edge layer area, particularly favorable compressive residual stresses. All of this allows deep-rolled axles to withstand the various loads acting on them better than axles that are not deep-rolled. Deep rolling therefore allows for a significant increase in the lifespan of wheel sets and other components subjected to similar loads, which can be demonstrated, for example, by endurance vibration tests.

[0004] For example, a machine for deep rolling axles is known from US Pat. No. 5,623,999. The machine described there is used for deep rolling axles for wheel sets for railway vehicles. The machine has two revolving centers, between which the wheel set to be machined is rotatably clamped. Furthermore, the machine has pairs of deep rolling tools that are movable relative to the wheel set.

[0005] A disadvantage of such devices is that, due to the arrangement of the tools and their limited mobility, the tools can only be changed manually and with great effort. This becomes necessary, for example, when different regions of a shaft or different shafts must be machined, and for this purpose rolling bodies with different geometries must be used. In particular, the complex change process often results in such devices being used only for very limited purposes, for example, for deep rolling wheel sets with primarily identical geometries. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] European Patent No. 2 588 273(B1) Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] Against this background, the object of the invention is to design and further develop the apparatus described at the beginning in such a way that components with different geometries can be efficiently processed.

[0008] In the case of a device according to the preamble of claim 1, this object is achieved by at least one changing device for changing rolling tools.

[0009] The present invention relates to an apparatus for machining, particularly deep rolling, shafts and other components. In addition to deep rolling, the apparatus can also be used for other machining processes, such as polish rolling, smooth rolling, or straightening, or turning. Preferably, long cylindrical components, particularly wheelset shafts for railway vehicles, are machined. The apparatus first includes two revolving centers for supporting the shaft to be machined on both sides. These revolving centers ensure that the shaft to be machined can be held securely, yet still rotatably, in the apparatus at its two opposite end faces. For example, the revolving centers can be conically shaped. The two revolving centers are arranged on a central axis that corresponds to the axis of rotation of the shaft when it is tightened. Furthermore, at least one of the revolving centers is displaceable along the central axis (i.e., axially). Alternatively, both revolving centers can be displaceable along the central axis (i.e., axially). The axial distance between the two center axes is adjustable, allowing for clamping and machining shafts of different lengths, for example, shafts up to 3000 mm long. The diameter of the shaft to be machined may be in the range of 50 mm to 500 mm. The device also includes at least one drive for rotating the shaft to be machined. Two or more drive units may be provided. The drive force of at least one drive unit is transmitted to the shaft, thereby rotating it. Preferably, the relative movement required for machining between the shaft to be machined and the rolling tool is achieved by movement (rotation) of the shaft, rather than by movement of the rolling tool around the shaft. Depending on the machining method, the shaft rotates at a speed of 20 rpm to 400 rpm. The device further includes a plurality of rolling tools arranged in pairs, with the pairs formed by two rolling tools being located on opposite sides of the shaft. The rolling tool is radially displaceable relative to the central axis, so that the rolling tool can be moved toward or away from the axis.The rolling tool is used to machine the shaft by pressing it against the surface of the rotating shaft. This is done with a rolling force of 2,000N to 50,000N. At least one pair of rolling tools is mounted on a movable axial slide that is displaceable along the central axis. Preferably, all pairs of rolling tools are mounted on such an axial slide. In this way, the rolling tools can be moved to the machining position on the shaft.

[0010] According to the present invention, the apparatus is supplemented with at least one changing device for changing the rolling tool. By changing device, we mean an apparatus that can change the rolling tool at least partially automatically, but preferably fully automatically. This has the advantage that the rolling tool can be changed with little or no manual intervention. By changing the rolling tool (partially or fully) automatically, the setup time can be significantly reduced, which allows the apparatus to be used more productively. Another advantage of the faster option for changing tools is that the apparatus can be used more flexibly for different processing tasks and different components, and thus works economically even with small quantities or batch sizes.

[0011] According to one configuration of the device, it may be provided that the change device is mounted so as to be movable, in particular rotatable about a rotation axis and / or vertically displaceable. The mobility of the change device allows a particularly efficient and smooth change of tools, since the change device can receive the tool to be changed, remove this tool from the processing position, and bring another tool into the processing position.

[0012] According to one configuration of the device, it is provided that the changing device has at least two, in particular at least four, storage compartments for rolling tools. Because the changing device has multiple storage compartments for rolling tools, the device can be equipped with different rolling tools for different processing tasks (e.g., deep rolling or straightening) and / or different component geometries (e.g., different diameters). Furthermore, storing the rolling tools in the changing device makes tool changes even faster, since the distance traveled by the tools is as short as possible.

[0013] A further configuration of the device provides that the changing device has a clamping device for releasing and clamping the rolling tool. If the changing device controls not only the supply and movement of the rolling tool but also the release and clamping of the rolling tool by the clamping device, the tool change can be carried out fully automatically, i.e., without manual intervention. This further reduces the setup time and also ensures a consistent, defect-free fixation of the deep rolling tool.

[0014] A further design of the device provides that the changer device is arranged in the region of the revolving center. In other words, the changer device is not arranged "next to" the shaft, as viewed in the axial direction of the shaft, but "in front" and "behind" the shaft. This arrangement is particularly space-saving and compact, and allows for collision-free machining of the shaft with rolling tools, even in the case of shafts with large diameters, because the described arrangement of the changer device does not require any installation space near the workpiece. This means that the machining options remain unlimited. The described arrangement of the changer device also makes it sufficiently easy to change the shaft to be machined.

[0015] According to a further configuration of the device, two or more pairs of rolling tools are provided. Increasing the number of pairs of rolling tools allows for particularly fast machining of long shafts. Two pairs of rolling tools have proven particularly advantageous, since they can be exchanged automatically. A first pair of rolling tools can be moved to one side of the device (axially "forward" of the shaft) and exchanged by an exchange device arranged there, and a second pair of rolling tools can be moved to the opposite side of the device (axially "backward" of the shaft) and exchanged by an exchange device arranged there. These two "outer" pairs of rolling tools can be supplemented by a third or further pair of rolling tools, which can be exchanged, for example, manually.

[0016] A further configuration of the device provides that at least one pair of rolling tools is arranged on a movable axial slide that is displaceable along the central axis. Arrangement on a slide has the advantage that two rolling tools arranged opposite each other can be arranged on the same axial slide, thereby ensuring that the two rolling tools always occupy the same axial position, i.e., always arranged exactly "opposite each other." Furthermore, this arrangement allows the axial slide to absorb the rolling forces of both rolling tools. This is particularly favorable in terms of design, since the two rolling forces of a pair of rolling tools are directed in opposite directions, are equal (in terms of magnitude), and thus reliably cancel each other out. Preferably, the axial slide is arranged vertically below the axis. It is also preferable that each pair of rolling tools is arranged on a (separate) axial slide, and therefore, each pair preferably has its own axial slide.

[0017] This configuration further proposes that two radial slides are arranged on at least one axial slide, the two radial slides being radially displaceable, and that a rolling tool is arranged on each of the radial slides. By combining the axial slide with the radial slide, the rolling tool can be moved not only axially but also radially, thereby enabling the rolling tool to move two-dimensionally within a horizontally arranged plane. Unlike axial slides, a pair of rolling tools cannot "share" a common radial slide. This is because the pair of rolling tools must move radially in opposite directions during operation, and the axes must be supported between them in a "pliers-like" manner. Each of the two radial slides "shares" one axial slide. Preferably, two radially displaceable radial slides are arranged on all of the axial slides.

[0018] In this configuration, it is also proposed that at least one axial slide is provided with a vertically displaceable shaft support. Preferably, at least two axial slides, particularly the two outer ones, are provided with vertically displaceable shaft supports. These shaft supports (also called "support prisms") are used to load shafts of different diameters into the device. For this purpose, the shaft supports preferably have an upper surface, such as a V- or U-shaped upper surface, that allows for (self-)centering of shafts parallel to the central axis. The vertical adjustability of the shaft support makes it possible to bring shafts of different diameters to a height suitable for clamping between two rotation centers. After clamping the shaft, the shaft support can be lowered again to release the shaft for processing. By arranging the shaft support on the axial slide, the axial displacement of the axial slide also results in the axial displacement of the shaft support, which makes it easier to accommodate shafts of different lengths, for example. Furthermore, arranging the shaft support on the axial slide table has the advantage that there is no need to fear a collision with the shaft support when the axial slide table is displaced in the axial direction (unlike arranging the shaft support between two axial slide tables). It may be provided that the shaft support has a measuring device. This has the advantage that the shaft can be measured (in particular its axial position or its concentricity in the device can be recorded) while it is mounted on the shaft support, so that the measurement data can be used for machining the shaft after it has been tightened.

[0019] A further configuration of the device provides that at least one rolling tool is pivotally mounted, particularly pivotable by at least 90° on both sides relative to the central axis. Preferably, all rolling tools, but in any case only those to which the changing device is assigned, are pivotally mounted in this manner. The rolling tools are preferably pivotable in a horizontal plane, i.e., about a vertical axis of rotation. A pivotable mounting has numerous advantages. First, the rolling tool can be tilted during the rolling process, i.e., it is not perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft. This has the advantage that even hard-to-reach places, such as notches or offsets, can be reached. Second, the rolling tool's pivotability can be used for tool changes, making this easier. This is because when the rolling tool is turned by 90°, it is aligned parallel to the central axis and can be particularly accessible to the changer by displacing the axial slide.

[0020] A further design of the device provides that each rolling tool is assigned a rolling cylinder, in particular a hydraulic rolling cylinder. The rolling cylinder (and the corresponding piston) can also reliably transmit very high rolling forces to the rolling tool, hydraulic systems having proven particularly valuable. Preferably, the rolling tool is rotatably mounted via a fork to a piston that can move back and forth relative to the corresponding rolling cylinder. The rolling cylinder is preferably mounted (possibly pivotably, as mentioned above) to a radial slide mounted on an axial slide, and the rolling tool is rotatably mounted to the slide and radially displaceably connected to it.

[0021] A further configuration of the device provides that at least one pivotally mounted rolling tool has a vertical pivot axis with a distance of 50 mm or less, particularly 35 mm or less, to the contact point between the rolling tool and the shaft. Machining forces (e.g., rolling forces) occurring during operation are introduced into the rolling tool at the contact point with the shaft. Due to their magnitude, these forces can generate large torques that cannot be supported as easily (e.g., by a motor) by a pivotable bearing as by a rigid bearing. It has therefore proven particularly advantageous to allow the pivot axis to extend particularly close to the contact point, ideally even through the contact point (distance = 0 mm). This reduced distance results in a smaller lever arm and, therefore, a smaller torque around the pivot axis. This allows the desired pivot or angular position of the rolling tool to be accurately maintained during machining, even when high rolling forces are applied. In terms of design, the reduction in distance can be achieved, for example, by a swivel drive that is arranged far "inner", i.e., almost below the axis, and is connected to the rolling cylinder via an arm that projects radially outward. Preferably, all swivelably mounted rolling tools are designed in this way.

[0022] In all the configurations shown, the above-described device is particularly suitable for use in deep rolling axles, in particular wheelset axles for railway vehicles. Due to the extremely high mileage they experience, railway vehicle wheelsets must be particularly resilient in order to achieve a long service life. Due to the large number of wheelsets in operation, only extremely cost-effective and efficient processing methods are possible, for which the device according to the invention is clearly particularly suitable.

[0023] The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the drawings, which show only one preferred exemplary embodiment. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1]1 is a top view of an apparatus according to the invention including a shaft to be machined; [Figure 2] 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 1 from above, without including the shaft. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 shows the device of FIG. 1 in position for changing tools. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the device of FIG. 1. [Figure 5] 2 is a side view of a portion of the device of FIG. 1 taken along the cross-sectional plane VV shown in FIG. 1.

[0025] FIG. 1 shows a top view of an apparatus 1 according to the present invention, including the shaft to be machined. FIG. 2 shows the apparatus 1 of FIG. 1 in a cross-sectional view from above, without the shaft. The apparatus 1 comprises two revolving centers 2A, 2B, which are arranged on a central axis 3. The central axis 3 extends in the z direction, which, together with the horizontal x direction and the vertical y direction, forms a coordinate system. A shaft 4 to be machined can be clamped and thus supported between the revolving centers 2A, 2B. To enable machining of shafts 4 of different lengths and to facilitate clamping, at least one of the two revolving centers 2 can be displaced along the central axis 3, allowing the two revolving centers 2A, 2B to be spaced apart from one another at different distances, preferably between 0 mm and 3000 mm. In the configuration of the device 1 which is preferred in this respect and which is shown in Figures 1 and 2, the first revolving centre 2A shown on the left is arranged in a fixed headstock 5A, whereas the second revolving centre 2B shown on the right is arranged in a movable tailstock 5B and is therefore displaceable along the central axis 3.

[0026] The device 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 further comprises at least one drive 6 for rotating the shaft 4 to be machined. In the configuration of the device 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, which is preferred in this respect, a first drive 6A is arranged in the region of the first revolving center 2A arranged on the left side. In addition to this, a second drive 6B is arranged (only optionally) in the region of the second revolving center 2B arranged on the right side. The transmission of the drive force to the shaft 4 to be machined takes place preferably via rotary transmissions 7A, 7B, which are arranged next to the revolving centers 2A, 2B and can drive the shaft 4 in a frictional and / or form-locking manner. The rotational movement of the drives 6A, 6B is respectively indicated in FIG. 2 by circular double arrows.

[0027] The device 1 of FIGS. 1 and 2 also comprises three pairs of rolling tools 8 for deep-rolling the shaft 4 to be machined. Two first rolling tools 8A, 8A' form a first pair, two second rolling tools 8B, 8B' form a second pair, and two third (middle) rolling tools 8C, 8C' form a third pair. Each rolling tool 8 is assigned a hydraulic rolling cylinder 14, which can press the rolling tool 8 against the shaft 4 to be machined with a defined rolling force. The rolling tools 8 can be moved in different directions. The rolling tools 8 are initially arranged so that they can be displaced (in cylindrical coordinates) in the radial direction (or Cartesian x-direction) relative to the central axis 3. In terms of design, this can be achieved by the rolling tools 8 being arranged on radial slides 9, with slight radial mobility being achieved by the rolling cylinders 14. The first rolling tools 8A, 8A' are arranged on the first radial slides 9A, 9A' (each with its own rolling cylinder 14). Similarly, the second rolling tools 8B, 8B' are arranged on the second radial slides 9B, 9B' (each with its own rolling cylinder 14), and the third (intermediate) rolling tools 8C, 8C' are arranged on the third (intermediate) radial slides 9C, 9C' (each with its own rolling cylinder 14). The rolling tools 8 are also arranged so as to be displaceable (in cylindrical coordinates) in the axial direction (or Cartesian z-direction) along the central axis 3. Structurally, this can be achieved in that the rolling tool 8 is arranged on an axial slide 10 that is displaceable along the central axis 3. The first rolling tool 8A, 8A' is arranged on a first axial slide 10A (via its first radial slide 9A, 9A').Similarly, the second rolling tool 8B, 8B' is arranged on the second axial slide 10B (via its second radial slide 9B, 9B'), and the third rolling tool 8C, 8C' is arranged on the third (intermediate) axial slide 10C (via its third radial slide 9C, 9C'). The axial mobility of the axial slides 10A, 10B, 10C and the radial mobility of the radial slides 9A, 9A', 9B, 9B', 9C, 9C' are indicated in Figure 2 by double arrows. Also visible in FIG. 2 are two vertically adjustable shaft supports 15A, 15B (hidden by shaft 4 in FIGS. 1 and 3), of which the first shaft support 15A is arranged on the first axial slide block 10A and the second shaft support 15B is arranged on the second axial slide block 10B.

[0028] The apparatus 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 also includes at least one changing device 11 for changing the rolling tools 8. In the preferred configuration of the apparatus 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, four changing devices 11 are provided. Two first changing devices 11A, 11A' are arranged around the first turning center 2A and serve to change the two first rolling tools 8A, 8A'. Furthermore, two second changing devices 11B, 11B' are arranged around the second turning center 2B and serve to change the two second rolling tools 8B, 8B'. No changing device is provided for the third (intermediate) rolling tools 8C, 8C'. Therefore, the third (intermediate) rolling tools 8C, 8C' must be changed manually. Each of the changing devices 11 has four containers 12A to 12D for the rolling tools 8, which will be explained in more detail in connection with Fig. 4. The changing devices 11 are in any case rotatable about rotation axes 13, 13' (see Figs. 2 and 4) so ​​that each of its containers 12 can be brought into an optimum position for changing the rolling tools 8. Preferably, the rotation axes 13, 13' extend parallel to the central axis 3.

[0029] 1 is shown in a position for changing the rolling tool 8. In FIG. 3, the features already described in connection with FIG. 1 or 2 are given corresponding reference numerals. To automatically change the rolling tool 8, the two outer axial slides 10A, 10B have been moved to their outermost positions. The first axial slide 10A has thus been moved far to the left, i.e., toward the first revolving center 2A, and the second axial slide 10B has been moved far to the right, i.e., toward the second revolving center 2B. Furthermore, the first rolling tool 8A, 8A' (together with its rolling cylinder 14) has in any case been pivoted by 90° toward the first revolving center 2A, so that the first rolling tool 8A, 8A' is located directly in front of the first changing device 11A, 11A'. Similarly, the second rolling tool 8B, 8B' (together with its rolling cylinder 14) is in any case pivoted by 90° in the direction of the second revolving center 2B, so that the second rolling tool 8B, 8B' is located immediately in front of the second changer 11B, 11B'. In this position, the rolling tools 8A, 8A', 8B, 8B' can be automatically exchanged in the two outer processing units (axial slides 10A, 10B). However, in the intermediate (optional) processing unit (axial slide 10C), the rolling tool 8C, 8C' must be exchanged manually.

[0030] Figure 4 shows an enlarged view of part of the device of Figure 1. In Figure 4, features already described in relation to Figures 1 to 3 are given corresponding reference numerals. For reasons of clarity, only the left half of the device 1 is shown in Figure 4, i.e., the area around the headstock 5A and the first revolving center 2A. In Figure 4, the position of the two rolling tools 8A, 8A', which are rotated by 90°, and their rolling cylinders 14 can be clearly seen. It can also be seen that the two changing devices 11A, 11A' each have four housings 12A to 12D. While the two rolling tools 8A, 8A' are inserted in one of the four housings 12A-12D in the position shown, the other three housings 12A-12D contain other tools that can be placed in the rolling cylinder 14 by the housings 12A-12D of the changer 11A, 11A', which rotate about their rotation axes 13, 13' (indicated by the circular dashed lines in FIG. 4), and then bring the desired tool to the desired position for automatic change. Finally, FIG. 4 also shows that the first axial slide 10A is provided with a first shaft support 15A, which has a V-shaped upper surface for supporting the shaft 4 (not shown in FIG. 4) and is vertically displaceable relative to the first axial slide 10A (indicated by the double arrow). The exchange devices 11A, 11A' are preferably vertically displaceable, for example by being displaceable upwards or downwards along guides 16 (also indicated by double arrows).

[0031] Finally, FIG. 5 shows a part of the device 1 of FIG. 1 in a side view along the cross-sectional plane VV shown in FIG. 1. In this side view, the structural design of the swivel bearing of the rolling tools 8B, 8B' and the rolling cylinder 14 assigned to them is particularly easy to see. Each of the two radial slides 9B, 9B' has a swivel drive 17, which is connected to the rolling cylinder 14 via an arm 18. The rolling cylinder 14 (and the rolling tools 8B, 8B' mounted thereon) can thus be swiveled in opposite directions of rotation by the swivel drive 17 about a vertically extending swivel axis 19. The swivel axis 19 runs as close as possible to a contact point 20 at which the rolling tools 8B, 8B' transmit working forces (e.g., rolling forces) to the shaft 4. Preferably, the pivot axis 19 and the contact point 20 form a distance 21 (radially in a horizontal plane) in the range of 0 mm to 50 mm, in particular 0 mm to 35 mm. This reduces torques caused by processing forces (e.g., rolling forces) that unintentionally change the desired pivot position of the rolling tool during processing. Furthermore, in FIG. 5, a radial drive 22 can be seen, which can radially displace the radial slide 9B (correspondingly, the opposite radial slide 9B' has a radial drive 22 (not shown)). However, for reasons of clarity, only the second rolling tool 8B, 8B' and the second radial slide 9B, 9B' are shown in FIG. 5; since the first rolling tool 8A, 8A' is correspondingly pivotally mounted, this embodiment can also be used for the first rolling tool 8A, 8A' and the first radial slide 9A, 9A'. [Explanation of symbols]

[0032] 1 device 2, 2A, 2B Live Center 3 Center axis 4th axis 5A main shaft box 5B Tailstock 6, 6A, 6B drive unit 7, 7A, 7B Rotating transmission body 8, 8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C' Rolling tools 9, 9A, 9A', 9B, 9B', 9C, 9C' Radial slide 10, 10A, 10B, 10C Axial slide 11, 11A, 11A', 11B, 11B' Exchange device 12, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D containers 13, 13' rotation axis 14 Rolling cylinder 15A, 15B shaft support 16 Guide 17 Swing drive unit 18 Arm 19 Swivel axis 20 contact points 21 distance 22 Radial drive unit

Claims

1. An apparatus (1) for machining, in particular deep rolling, shafts (4) and other components, comprising: - two revolving centres (2A, 2B) for supporting on either side the shaft (4) to be machined; at least one drive (6A, 6B) for rotating said shaft (4) to be machined; at least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') for processing, in particular deep rolling, the shaft (4) to be processed; Equipped with - the two revolving centres (2A, 2B) are arranged on a central axis (3), at least one revolving centre (2B) is displaceable along said central axis (3); at least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are arranged on a movable axial slide (10A, 10B, 10C) displaceable along said central axis (3); the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are radially displaceable relative to the central axis (3); In the apparatus (1), The apparatus (1) is characterized by at least one changing device (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') for changing the rolling tool (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B').

2. 2. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the exchange device (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') is movable, in particular rotatable about a rotation axis (13, 13') and / or vertically displaceable.

3. 3. The device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the changing device (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') has at least two, in particular at least four, housings (12A, 12B, 12C, 12D) for rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B').

4. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the changing device (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') has a clamping device for releasing and clamping the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B').

5. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the exchange device (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') is arranged in the area of ​​the revolving centre (2A, 2B).

6. An apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by two or more pairs of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C').

7. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are arranged on a movable axial slide (10A, 10B, 10C) displaceable along the central axis (3).

8. 8. The device (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that two radial slides (9A, 9A', 9B, 9B', 9C, 9C') are arranged on at least one axial slide (10A, 10B, 10C), the radial slides (9A, 9A', 9B, 9B', 9C, 9C') being displaceable in the radial direction, and a rolling tool (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') is arranged on each of the radial slides (9A, 9A', 9B, 9B', 9C, 9C').

9. 9. Device (1) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that at least one axial slide (10A, 10B, 10C) is provided with a vertically displaceable axial support (15A, 15B).

10. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one rolling tool (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B') is pivotably mounted, in particular pivotable by at least 90° on both sides relative to the central axis (3).

11. 11. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that each rolling tool (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') is assigned a rolling cylinder (14), in particular a hydraulic rolling cylinder (14).

12. 12. The device (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that at least one rotatably mounted rolling tool (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B') has a vertical pivot axis (19) with a distance (21) of 50 mm or less, in particular 35 mm or less, to a contact point (20) between the rolling tool and the shaft (4).

13. Use of the device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 for deep rolling axles (4), in particular wheelset axles for railway vehicles.

Images