Generating 3D models for tumor treatment field transducer layout

Abstract

A computer-implemented method for generating a three-dimensional (3D) synthetic model of an area of ​​a subject, the method comprising: generating a 3D clinical model of the area of ​​the subject based on one or more images of the area of ​​the subject; obtaining a 3D generic model of the general subject's area; combining the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model using affine transformations, bending transformations, and compressive transformations of the 3D generic model to obtain a 3D synthetic model of the subject; and displaying the synthetic 3D model on a display.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] [CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 411,375, filed September 29, 2022, and U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 373,102, filed September 26, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Background technology]

[0002] Tumor treatment fields (TT fields) are low-intensity alternating current electric fields in the mid-frequency range (e.g., 50 kHz to 1 MHz) that can be used to treat tumors, as described in U.S. Patent No. 7,565,205. TT fields are noninvasively induced in target regions by placing transducers directly on the subject's body and applying an alternating current (AC) voltage between the transducers. Conventionally, a first pair of transducers and a second pair of transducers are placed on the subject's body. During a first time interval, an AC voltage is applied between the first pair of transducers, generating an electric field with field lines running generally in the anterior-posterior direction. Then, during a second time interval, an AC voltage of the same frequency is applied between the second pair of transducers, generating an electric field with field lines running generally in the lateral direction. The system repeats this two-step sequence throughout the treatment.

[0003] Various embodiments will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like elements, and in which: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0004] [Figure 1] 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example of generating a three-dimensional (3D) synthetic model of a region of a subject. [Figure 2] 1 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of an affine transformation. [Figure 3A] 1 is an example of a 3D clinical model, a 3D generic model, and a 3D synthetic model generated in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosed subject matter. [Figure 3B]1 is an example of a 3D clinical model, a 3D generic model, and a 3D synthetic model generated in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosed subject matter. [Figure 3C] 1 is an example of a 3D clinical model, a 3D generic model, and a 3D synthetic model generated in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosed subject matter. [Figure 4A] 1 is an example showing the placement of a transducer array on a 3D clinical model of a subject. [Figure 4B] 1 is an example showing the placement of a transducer array on a 3D synthetic model of a subject. [Figure 5] 1 illustrates an example of a computer device for use in embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0005] Providing effective TT field treatment to a subject requires generating precise locations for transducer placement on the subject's body. These precise locations are based on, for example, the type of cancer, the size of the cancer, and the location of the cancer in the subject's body. Visualizing transducer placement locations on a three-dimensional (3D) model can help users, such as physicians, nurses, assistants, staff, physicists, and dosimetrists, accurately position transducers on the subject's body to optimize tumor treatment. However, generating a 3D model of a subject used to visualize transducer placement presents several challenges. For example, subject scans can contain a lot of noise, distorting the subject's 3D model, and some subjects may find it uncomfortable to view a distorted version of their own body. As another example, even if the 3D model accurately represents the subject, some subjects may find it uncomfortable to view their own body (e.g., the subject's face or torso) on a display. As another example, to save costs and processing time, a subject may only scan a portion of their body (e.g., a partial scan of the subject's head) to create a partial 3D model of their body, and some subjects may be uncomfortable viewing such a partial version of their body. The inventors recognized these issues and have discovered an approach to generate a 3D synthetic model of a subject by combining a 3D clinical model of the subject with a 3D generic model that can represent the size, shape, and / or characteristics of the individual subject.

[0006] 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example of generating a three-dimensional (3D) synthetic model of a region of a subject. Certain steps of method 100 are described as steps performed by a computer. The computer may be any device including one or more processors and memory accessible by the one or more processors, where the memory stores instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computer to perform the relevant steps of method 100. While an order of operations is shown in FIG. 1 for purposes of explanation, the timing and order of such operations may be varied where appropriate without detracting from the purpose and advantages of the examples described in detail throughout this disclosure.

[0007] Referring to FIG. 1 , at step 102, method 100 includes generating a 3D clinical model of a region of the subject based on one or more images of the region of the subject. In some embodiments, the one or more images are medical images. The medical images may include, for example, at least one of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image, a computed tomography (CT) image, an X-ray image, an ultrasound image, a nuclear medicine image, a positron emission tomography (PET) image, an arthrogram image, a myelogram image, or any image of the subject's body that provides an internal view of the subject's body. Each medical image may include an outline of a portion of the subject's body and a region corresponding to a region of interest (e.g., a tumor) within the subject's body. As an example, the medical images may be 3D MRI images.

[0008] In some embodiments, the images are not limited to medical images and may be any type of image. In one example, the one or more images are two-dimensional (2D) images that may be captured by one or more user devices. As an example, the one or more user devices may be mobile phones or cameras. In some embodiments, the one or more images include one or more medical images and one or more 2D images captured by the one or more user devices.

[0009] In some embodiments, the region of the subject includes a region of interest such as a tumor within the subject's body. By way of example, the region of the subject is the subject's head. By way of example, the region of the subject is the subject's torso.

[0010] In some embodiments, the 3D clinical model includes a coordinate system. As an example, if the subject's region includes the subject's head, method 100 may further include identifying a center of the 3D clinical model (the center is equidistant between the left ear reference position and the right ear reference position of the 3D clinical model), identifying an X-axis of the 3D clinical model (the X-axis passes through the center of the 3D clinical model and is between the left ear reference position and the right ear reference position of the 3D clinical model), identifying a Y-axis of the 3D clinical model (the Y-axis passes through the center of the 3D clinical model, is perpendicular to the X-axis, and is between the front and back of the 3D clinical model), and identifying a Z-axis of the 3D clinical model, where the Z-axis passes through the center of the 3D clinical model, is perpendicular to the X-axis and Y-axis, and is between the top and bottom of the 3D clinical model. In some embodiments, the surface of the 3D clinical model includes a plurality of meshes.

[0011] In step 104, method 100 includes obtaining a 3D generic model of a general subject's region. In some embodiments, the surface of the 3D generic model includes multiple meshes. For example, both the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model include a calibration system. As an example, if the subject's region includes the subject's head, the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model may each include a center, a reference position for the left ear, a reference position for the right ear, and an X-axis that intersects the center, a Y-axis that is perpendicular to the X-axis, intersects the center, and is located between the front and back of the head, and a Z-axis that is perpendicular to the X-axis and Y-axis and intersects the center.

[0012] In step 106, method 100 includes combining the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model. In some embodiments, combining the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model may be achieved by using an affine transformation, a bending transformation, and a compressive transformation of the 3D generic model. As an example, combining the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model includes deforming a mesh of the 3D generic model according to a mesh of the 3D clinical model. In some embodiments, method 100 includes transforming the 3D generic model using the transformation and the 3D clinical model, where the transformation includes an affine transformation, a bending transformation, and a compressive transformation. An example of an affine transformation is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2.

[0013] Regarding the bending transformation, in some embodiments, if the subject region includes the subject's head, the bending transformation may include transforming the eye positions of the 3D generic model to match the eye positions of the 3D clinical model without moving the ear positions of the 3D generic model. As an example, transforming the eye positions of the 3D generic model to match the eye positions of the 3D clinical model may include transforming equidistant points between the left eye reference position and the right eye reference position of the 3D generic model to match equidistant points between the left eye reference position and the right eye reference position of the 3D clinical model. In some embodiments, the bending transformation of the 3D generic model may include bending the 3D generic model on the X axis according to the 3D clinical model, such that after bending the 3D generic model, the forward position of the 3D generic model is on the Y axis, and the forward position of the 3D generic model is a position equidistant between the left eye reference position and the right eye reference position of the 3D generic model. In some embodiments, the bending transformation is a quadratic transformation.

[0014] With respect to the compression transformation, in some embodiments, the compression transformation may include transforming the 3D generic model to match the 3D clinical model. In some embodiments, the compression transformation of the 3D generic model may include compressing the 3D generic model in the X-axis according to the 3D clinical model. In some embodiments, the compression transformation is a quadratic transformation.

[0015] In step 108, method 100 includes generating a 3D synthetic model of the object based on the combination of the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model in step 106. As an example, method 100 may further include performing surface fitting on the 3D synthetic model, where the surface fitting procedure includes at least one of interpolation or extrapolation.

[0016] At step 110, the method includes displaying the 3D synthetic model on a display. In some embodiments, the display is displayed on a user interface. By way of example, a user may select to display the 3D clinical model and the 3D synthetic model on the display for comparison.

[0017] In step 112, method 100 includes generating one or more recommended transducer placement positions for one or more transducer arrays on the 3D clinical model for applying the tumor treatment field. In some embodiments, the one or more recommended transducer placement positions are generated based on, for example, a region of interest in the subject's body corresponding to the tumor. As an example, the one or more recommended transducer placement positions may be intended to optimize a tumor treatment dose delivered to the region of interest in the subject's body. In some embodiments, the one or more recommended transducer placement positions may be generated based on a 3D synthetic model.

[0018] In step 114, the method includes displaying at least one recommended transducer placement location on the 3D synthetic model on the display. Examples of generating and displaying one or more recommended transducer placement locations are shown in Figures 4A and 4B, which are described in more detail below.

[0019] Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an affine transformation. Certain steps of method 200 are described as steps performed by a computer. The computer may be any device including one or more processors and memory accessible by the one or more processors, where the memory stores instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computer to perform the relevant steps of method 200. While an order of operations is shown in Figure 2 for purposes of explanation, the timing and order of such operations may be changed where appropriate without negating the purpose and advantages of the examples detailed throughout this disclosure.

[0020] In step 202, method 200 includes converting the 3D generic model to a 3D clinical model. In some embodiments, converting the 3D generic model to the 3D clinical model includes identifying a center of the 3D clinical model (e.g., if the subject's region includes the subject's head, the center may be equidistant between the left ear reference position and the right ear reference position of the 3D clinical model), identifying a center of the 3D generic model (e.g., if the subject's region includes the subject's head, the center may be equidistant between the left ear reference position and the right ear reference position of the 3D generic model), and converting the 3D generic model such that the center of the 3D generic model overlaps with the center of the 3D clinical model.

[0021] In step 204, method 200 includes rotating the 3D generic model to align with the 3D clinical model. In some embodiments, rotating the 3D generic model to align with the 3D clinical model may include identifying a first position on the 3D clinical model, identifying a first position on the 3D generic model that corresponds to the first position on the 3D clinical model, and rotating the 3D generic model so that the first position on the 3D generic model overlaps with the first position on the 3D clinical model. In some embodiments, if the subject's region includes the subject's head, rotating the 3D generic model to align with the 3D clinical model may include identifying eye positions on the 3D clinical model, identifying the eye positions on the 3D generic model, and rotating the 3D generic model so that the eye positions on the 3D generic model overlap with the eye positions on the 3D clinical model. As an example, the eye positions of the 3D clinical model may be equidistant between the reference positions for the left eye and the right eye of the 3D clinical model, and the eye positions of the 3D generic model may be equidistant between the reference positions for the left eye and the reference positions for the right eye of the 3D generic model.

[0022] In some embodiments, both the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model include alignment systems, as described in FIG. 1 . In some embodiments, rotating the 3D generic model to align with the 3D clinical model may include rotating the 3D generic model about an X-axis to align a first position of the 3D generic model with a corresponding first position of the 3D clinical model on the same x-y plane. As an example, if the subject region includes the subject's head, rotating the 3D generic model to align with the 3D clinical model may include rotating the 3D generic model about an X-axis to align an eye position of the 3D generic model with an eye position of the 3D clinical model on the same x-y plane.

[0023] In step 206, method 200 includes scaling the 3D generic model to fit the 3D clinical model. In some embodiments, scaling the 3D generic model to fit the 3D clinical model may include scaling the 3D generic model so that a first region of the 3D generic model fits a corresponding first region of the 3D clinical model (e.g., if the region of the subject includes the subject's head, then an ear region of the 3D generic model fits an ear region of the 3D clinical model), and scaling the 3D generic model so that a second region of the 3D generic model fits a corresponding second region of the 3D clinical model (e.g., if the region of the subject includes the subject's head, then an eye region of the 3D generic model fits an eye region of the 3D clinical model). As an example, the distance between the left ear reference position and the right ear reference position of the 3D generic model can be scaled to match the distance between the left ear reference position and the right ear reference position of the 3D clinical model, and the distance between the left eye reference position and the right eye reference position of the 3D generic model can be scaled to match the distance between the left eye reference position and the right eye reference position of the 3D clinical model.

[0024] In some embodiments, both the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model include an adjustment system, as described above. In some embodiments, scaling the 3D generic model to fit the 3D clinical model may include scaling an X-axis of the 3D generic model so that a distance between two positions on the 3D generic model is the same as a distance between two corresponding positions on the 3D clinical model (e.g., if the subject region includes the subject's head, then the distance between both ears on the 3D generic model is the same as the distance between both ears on the 3D clinical model), and scaling a Y-axis of the 3D generic model so that a distance between a first position and a center of the 3D generic model is the same as a distance between a corresponding first position and the center on the 3D clinical model (e.g., if the subject region includes the subject's head, then the distance between an eye position and the center on the 3D generic model is the same as the distance between an eye position and the center on the 3D clinical model). As an example, the distance between the ears on the 3D clinical model may be the distance between the reference position of the left ear and the reference position of the right ear on the 3D clinical model, and the distance between the position of the eyes and the center on the 3D clinical model may be the distance between the reference position of the left eye and the reference position of the right eye on the 3D clinical model.

[0025] In some embodiments, scaling the 3D generic model to fit the 3D clinical model may include scaling the 3D generic model in X, Y, and Z axes according to the 3D clinical model. As an example, scaling the 3D generic model in the X axis may include setting the distance between a left position and a right position of the 3D generic model to be the same as the distance between the corresponding left and right positions of the clinical 3D model (e.g., if the subject region includes the subject's head, the distance between the left ear reference position and the right ear reference position of the 3D generic model to be the same as the distance between the left ear reference position and the right ear reference position of the clinical 3D head model), scaling the 3D generic model in the Y axis may include setting the distance between a front position and a center of the 3D generic model to be the same as the distance between the front position and a center of the 3D clinical model, and scaling the 3D generic model in the Z axis may include scaling the Z axis with the same scaling as the X axis. As an example, the forward position of the 3D generic model may be a position equidistant between the reference position of the left eye and the reference position of the right eye of the 3D generic model, and the forward position of the 3D clinical model may be a position equidistant between the reference position of the left eye and the reference position of the right eye of the 3D clinical model.

[0026] 3A-3C are examples of 3D clinical models, 3D generic models, and 3D synthetic models generated according to exemplary embodiments. In the example shown in FIG. 3A, a 3D clinical model of a region of a subject (e.g., the subject's head) is generated based on one or more images of the region of the subject. As shown in FIG. 3A, the 3D clinical model represents the shape, size, features, etc. of the subject's head. However, the 3D clinical model is noisy; for example, the model's eyes and ears are not clearly visible. Furthermore, the 3D clinical model is a partial version of the subject's head. FIG. 3B is an example of a 3D generic model of a region such as the head. FIG. 3C is a 3D synthetic model of a subject based on a combination of the 3D clinical model of FIG. 3A and the 3D generic model of FIG. 3B. As shown in FIG. 3C, the 3D synthetic model represents the shape, size, features, etc. of the subject's head, has low noise, clearly shows the model's eyes and ears, and is a complete version of the subject's body parts, e.g., the subject's head, rather than a partial version.

[0027] Figure 4A is an example of a display of a transducer array placement on a 3D clinical model of a subject. As an example, the transducer array placement is one of the transducer array recommended positions for applying the tumor treatment field generated in step 112 of Figure 1. Figure 4B is an example of a display of the transducer array placement on a 3D synthetic model of a subject. While Figures 4A and 4B show a transducer array with circular electrode elements, the electrode elements may have a variety of shapes.

[0028] 5 illustrates an exemplary computing device for use with embodiments herein. As an example, device 500 may be a computer for implementing certain inventive techniques disclosed herein. For example, the methods of FIGS. 1 and 2 may be performed by a computing device such as device 500. Device 500 may include one or more processors 502, memory 503, one or more input devices, and one or more output devices 505.

[0029] In one example, based on input 501, one or more processors generate a 3D synthetic model in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In one example, input 501 is user input. In another example, input 501 is one or more images of an area of ​​a subject. In another example, input 501 may be from another computer in communication with apparatus 500. Input 501 may be received in combination with one or more input devices (not shown) of apparatus 500.

[0030] The memory 503 is accessible (e.g., via link 504) by one or more processors 502, which can read information from and write information to the memory 503. The memory 503 may store instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors 502, implement one or more embodiments described herein. The memory 503 is a non-transitory computer-readable medium (or non-transitory processor-readable medium) that includes a set of instructions for generating a 3D synthetic model of a region of a subject, which, when executed by a processor (such as one or more processors 502), causes the processor to perform one or more methods disclosed herein.

[0031] The one or more output devices 505 may provide a status of the computer-implemented techniques described herein. The one or more output devices 505 may provide visualization data such as medical images, 3D clinical models, 3D generic models, 3D synthetic models, and / or transducer placement on the 3D synthetic models, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention. The one or more output devices 505 may include one or more displays, for example, a monitor, a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode display, an active matrix organic light-emitting diode display, a stereo display, etc.

[0032] Apparatus 500 is an apparatus for generating a 3D synthetic model of an area of ​​a subject, and includes one or more processors (e.g., one or more processors 502) and memory accessible by the one or more processors (e.g., memory 503), wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform one or more methods disclosed herein.

[0033] Exemplary Embodiments The present invention also includes other exemplary embodiments such as the following.

[0034] Exemplary Embodiment 1. A computer-implemented method for generating a three-dimensional (3D) synthetic model of an area of ​​a subject, comprising: generating a 3D clinical model of the area of ​​the subject based on one or more images of the area of ​​the subject; obtaining a 3D generic model of the general subject's area; combining the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model using an affine transformation, a bending transformation, and a compressive transformation of the 3D generic model to obtain a 3D synthetic model of the subject; and displaying the synthetic 3D model on a display.

[0035] Exemplary Embodiment 2. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 1, wherein the affine transformation includes transforming the 3D generic model to the 3D clinical model, rotating the 3D generic model to fit the 3D clinical model, and scaling the 3D generic model to fit the 3D clinical model.

[0036] Exemplary Embodiment 3. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 2, wherein the step of converting the 3D generic model into the 3D clinical model includes identifying a center of the 3D clinical model, identifying a center of the 3D generic model, and converting the 3D generic model such that the center of the 3D generic model overlaps with the center of the 3D clinical model.

[0037] Exemplary Embodiment 4. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 3, wherein the center of the 3D clinical model is equidistant between the left ear reference position and the right ear reference position of the 3D clinical model.

[0038] Exemplary Embodiment 5. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 2, wherein rotating the 3D generic model to align with the 3D clinical model includes identifying eye positions on the 3D clinical model, identifying eye positions on the 3D generic model, and rotating the 3D generic model such that the eye positions on the 3D generic model overlap with the eye positions on the 3D clinical model.

[0039] Exemplary Embodiment 6. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 5, wherein the eye positions of the 3D clinical model are equidistant between the left eye reference position and the right eye reference position of the 3D clinical model.

[0040] Exemplary Embodiment 7. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 2, wherein scaling the 3D generic model to fit the 3D clinical model includes scaling the 3D generic model so that an ear region of the 3D generic model fits an ear region of the 3D clinical model, and scaling the 3D generic model so that an eye region of the 3D generic model fits an eye region of the 3D clinical model.

[0041] Exemplary Embodiment 8. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 7, wherein the distance between the left ear reference position and the right ear reference position of the 3D generic model is scaled to match the distance between the left ear reference position and the right ear reference position of the 3D clinical model, and the distance between the left eye reference position and the right eye reference position of the 3D generic model is scaled to match the distance between the left eye reference position and the right eye reference position of the 3D clinical model.

[0042] Exemplary Embodiment 9. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 1, wherein the bending transformation includes transforming the eye positions of the 3D generic model to match the eye positions of the 3D clinical model without moving the ear positions of the 3D generic model.

[0043] Exemplary Embodiment 10. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 9, wherein equidistant points between the left eye reference position and the right eye reference position of the 3D generic model are transformed to match equidistant points between the left eye reference position and the right eye reference position of the 3D clinical model.

[0044] Exemplary Embodiment 11. The computer-implemented method of embodiment 9, wherein the bending transformation is a quadratic transformation.

[0045] Exemplary Embodiment 12. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 1, wherein the compression transformation includes transforming the 3D generic model to match the 3D clinical model.

[0046] Exemplary Embodiment 13. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 12, wherein the compression transformation is a quadratic transformation.

[0047] Exemplary Embodiment 14. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 1, further comprising performing surface fitting on the 3D synthetic model, wherein the surface fitting procedure comprises at least one of interpolation or extrapolation.

[0048] Exemplary Embodiment 15. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 1, further comprising: generating one or more recommended transducer array positions for one or more transducer arrays on the 3D clinical model for applying the tumor treatment field; and displaying at least one of the recommended transducer array positions on the 3D synthetic model on the display.

[0049] Exemplary Embodiment 16. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 1, wherein the region of the subject is the subject's head.

[0050] Exemplary Embodiment 17. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 1, wherein the region of the subject is the torso of the subject.

[0051] Exemplary Embodiment 18. The computer-implemented method of embodiment 1, further comprising the steps of: identifying a center of the 3D clinical model, wherein the center is equidistant between a left ear reference position and a right ear reference position of the 3D clinical model; identifying an X-axis of the 3D clinical model, wherein the X-axis passes through the center of the 3D clinical model and is between the left ear reference position and the right ear reference position of the 3D clinical model; identifying a Y-axis of the 3D clinical model, wherein the Y-axis passes through the center of the 3D clinical model, is perpendicular to the X-axis, and is between the front and back of the 3D clinical model; and identifying a Z-axis of the 3D clinical model, wherein the Z-axis passes through the center of the 3D clinical model, is perpendicular to the X-axis and Y-axis, and is between the top and bottom of the 3D clinical model.

[0052] Exemplary Embodiment 19. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 18, wherein the affine transformation includes rotating the 3D generic model about the X-axis to align the eye positions of the 3D generic model with the eye positions of the 3D clinical model on the same xy plane.

[0053] Exemplary Embodiment 20. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 19, wherein the eye positions of the 3D clinical model are equidistant between the left eye reference position and the right eye reference position of the 3D clinical model.

[0054] Exemplary Embodiment 21. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 18, wherein the affine transformation includes scaling the X-axis of the 3D generic model so that the distance between the ears on the 3D generic model is the same as the distance between the ears on the 3D clinical model, and scaling the Y-axis of the 3D generic model so that the distance between the eye positions and the center of the 3D generic model is the same as the distance between the eye positions and the center of the 3D clinical model.

[0055] Exemplary Embodiment 22. The computer-implemented method of exemplary embodiment 21, wherein the distance between the ears on the 3D clinical model is the distance between a reference position of the left ear and a reference position of the right ear on the 3D clinical model, and the distance between the positions and centers of the eyes on the 3D clinical model is the distance between a reference position of the left eye and a reference position of the right eye on the 3D clinical model.

[0056] Exemplary embodiment 23. An apparatus for generating a three-dimensional (3D) synthetic model of a subject's head, comprising: one or more processors; and a memory accessible by the one or more processors, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to generate a 3D clinical model of the subject's head based on one or more images of the subject's head; obtain a 3D generic model of a generic subject's head; transform the 3D generic model using a transformation and the 3D clinical model, the transformation including an affine transformation, a bending transformation, and a compressive transformation; generate a 3D synthetic model based on the transformed 3D generic model and the 3D clinical model; and display the 3D synthetic model on a display.

[0057] Exemplary embodiment 24. An apparatus as described in embodiment 23, wherein the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model each include a center, a reference position for the left ear, a reference position for the right ear, an X-axis that intersects with the center, a Y-axis that is perpendicular to the X-axis, intersects with the center, and is located between the front and back of the head, and a Z-axis that is perpendicular to the X-axis and Y-axis and intersects with the center.

[0058] Exemplary embodiment 25. The apparatus of embodiment 24, wherein the affine transformation of the 3D generic model includes aligning the center of the 3D generic model with the center of the 3D clinical model, and rotating the 3D generic model around the X-axis to place a position on the x-y plane equidistant between the reference position of the left eye and the reference position of the right eye of the 3D generic model.

[0059] Exemplary embodiment 26. An apparatus as described in embodiment 24, wherein the affine transformation of the 3D generic model includes scaling the 3D generic model in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis according to the 3D clinical model, wherein scaling the X-axis of the 3D generic model includes setting the distance between the reference positions of the left and right ears of the 3D generic model to be the same as the distance between the reference positions of the left and right ears of the clinical 3D head model, scaling the Y-axis of the 3D generic model includes setting the distance between the forward position and the center of the 3D generic model to be the same as the distance between the forward position and the center of the 3D clinical model, wherein the forward position of the 3D generic model is a position equidistant between the reference positions of the left eye and the reference positions of the right eye of the 3D generic model, and the forward position of the 3D clinical model is a position equidistant between the reference positions of the left eye and the reference positions of the right eye of the 3D clinical model, and scaling the Z-axis of the 3D generic model includes scaling the Z-axis with the same scaling as the X-axis.

[0060] Exemplary embodiment 27. The device described in embodiment 24, wherein the bending transformation of the 3D generic model includes bending the 3D generic model on the X-axis according to the 3D clinical model, and after bending the 3D generic model, the anterior position of the 3D generic model is on the Y-axis, and the anterior position of the 3D generic model is a position equidistant between the reference position of the left eye and the reference position of the right eye of the 3D generic model.

[0061] Exemplary Embodiment 28. The apparatus of embodiment 24, wherein the compressive transformation of the 3D generic model includes compressing the 3D generic model in the X-axis according to the 3D clinical model.

[0062] Exemplary embodiment 29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium containing instructions for generating one or more transducer placement recommendations on a subject, the instructions, when executed by a computer, causing the computer to perform a method including the steps of: generating a 3D clinical model of the subject based on one or more images of the subject; obtaining a 3D generic model of the generic subject; combining the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model using an affine transformation, a bending transformation, and a compressive transformation of the 3D generic model to obtain a 3D synthetic model of the subject; generating one or more transducer placement recommendations for one or more transducer arrays on the 3D clinical model for applying a tumor treatment field; and displaying at least one of the transducer placement recommendations on the 3D synthetic model on a display.

[0063] Exemplary Embodiment 30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of exemplary embodiment 29, wherein the surface of the 3D clinical model includes a plurality of meshes, and the surface of the 3D generic model includes a plurality of meshes, and the step of combining the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model includes deforming the mesh of the 3D generic model according to the mesh of the 3D clinical model.

[0064] Exemplary Embodiment 31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of exemplary embodiment 29, wherein combining the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model includes using an affine transformation, a bending transformation, and a compressive transformation of the 3D generic model. [Explanation of symbols]

[0065] 100 ways 102 steps 104 steps 106 steps 108 steps 110 steps 112 steps 114 steps 200 ways 202 steps 204 steps 206 steps 500 devices 501 Input 502 processor 503 memory 504 Link 505 output device

Claims

1. 1. A computer-implemented method for generating a three-dimensional (3D) synthetic model of a region of a subject, comprising: generating a 3D clinical model of the area of ​​the subject based on one or more images of the area of ​​the subject; obtaining a 3D generic model of an area of ​​a general subject; combining the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model using affine, bending, and compressive transformations of the 3D generic model to obtain a 3D synthetic model of the subject; and displaying the 3D synthetic model on a display.

2. The affine transformation is converting the 3D generic model to the 3D clinical model; rotating the 3D generic model to align it with the 3D clinical model; and scaling the 3D generic model to fit the 3D clinical model.

3. Transforming the 3D generic model to the 3D clinical model includes: identifying a center of the 3D clinical model; Identifying a center of the 3D generic model; 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising: transforming the 3D generic model so that a center of the 3D generic model overlaps a center of the 3D clinical model.

4. The step of rotating the 3D generic model to align with the 3D clinical model comprises: Identifying the eye positions on the 3D clinical model; Identifying eye positions of the 3D generic model; and rotating the 3D generic model so that eye positions of the 3D generic model overlap with eye positions of the 3D clinical model.

5. Scaling the 3D generic model to fit the 3D clinical model comprises: scaling the 3D generic model so that an ear region of the 3D generic model matches an ear region of the 3D clinical model; and scaling the 3D generic model such that an eye region of the 3D generic model matches an eye region of the 3D clinical model.

6. The bending transformation is 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, comprising transforming eye positions of the 3D generic model to match eye positions of the 3D clinical model without moving ear positions of the 3D generic model.

7. The compression conversion is The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , comprising transforming the 3D generic model to match the 3D clinical model.

8. moreover, generating one or more transducer array recommended positions for one or more transducer arrays on the 3D clinical model for applying a tumor treatment field; and displaying at least one recommended transducer array position in the 3D synthetic model on the display.

9. 1. An apparatus for generating a three-dimensional (3D) synthetic model of a subject's head, the apparatus comprising: one or more processors; and a memory accessible by the one or more processors, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: generating a 3D clinical model of the subject's head based on one or more images of the subject's head; obtaining a 3D generic model of the typical subject's head; Transform the 3D generic model using a transformation and a 3D clinical model, the transformation including an affine transformation, a bending transformation, and a compressive transformation; generating a 3D synthetic model based on the converted 3D generic model and the 3D clinical model; and A device for displaying a 3D synthetic model on a display.

10. The 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model are Center and an X axis intersecting the reference position of the left ear, the reference position of the right ear, and the center; a Y axis perpendicular to the X axis, intersecting the center and lying between the front and back of the head; 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a Z-axis that is orthogonal to the X-axis and the Y-axis and intersects a center.

11. The affine transformation of the 3D generic model is superimposing a center of the 3D generic model onto a center of the 3D clinical model; and rotating the 3D generic model about the X-axis to position a position on an x-y plane equidistant between a left eye reference position and a right eye reference position of the 3D generic model.

12. The bending transformation of the 3D generic model is bending the 3D generic model in the X-axis according to the 3D clinical model, wherein after bending the 3D generic model, an anterior position of the 3D generic model is on the Y-axis; The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the forward position of the 3D generic model is equidistant between a left eye reference position and a right eye reference position of the 3D generic model.

13. The compression conversion of the 3D general-purpose model is The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising compressing the 3D generic model in an X-axis to fit the 3D clinical model.

14. 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions for generating one or more transducer placement recommendation locations for a subject, the instructions, when executed by a computer, causing the computer to: generating a 3D clinical model of the subject based on one or more images of the subject; obtaining a 3D generic model of a typical subject; combining the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model using affine, bending, and compressive transformations of the 3D generic model to obtain a 3D synthetic model of the subject; generating one or more recommended transducer placement locations for one or more transducer arrays on the 3D clinical model for applying a tumor treatment field; and displaying at least one recommended transducer placement location on the 3D synthetic model on the display.

15. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein combining the 3D clinical model and the 3D generic model includes using an affine transformation, a bending transformation, and a compressive transformation of the 3D generic model.

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