UE-assisted radar processing

Abstract

The present disclosure provides systems, devices, apparatus, and methods, including a computer program encoded on a storage medium, for bistatic radar-aided sensing. A radar receiver receives (210) a configuration message from a radar transmitter, configuring the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter in bistatic radar sensing. The radar receiver receives (214) radar signal reflections. In response to receiving the radar signal reflections, the radar receiver transmits (218) a radar measurement report message to the radar transmitter. The radar receiver receives (202) a radar capability query from the radar transmitter. In response to the radar capability query, the radar receiver transmits (204) a radar capability response to the radar transmitter indicating radar capabilities supported by the radar transmitter for bistatic radar sensing.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to systems and methods for radar signal processing. [Background technology]

[0002] The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) is defining an air interface called Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) (5G NR). The architecture of a 5G NR wireless communication system may include a 5G Core (5GC) network, a 5G Radio Access Network (5G-RAN), user equipment (UE), etc. The 5G NR architecture may provide improved data rates, reduced latency, and / or increased capacity compared to other types of wireless communication systems.

[0003] Wireless communication systems may generally be configured to provide various telecommunication services (e.g., telephone, video, data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) based on multiple access techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology, that support communication with multiple UEs. Improvements in mobile broadband, such as the integration of radar and mobile broadband technologies, are useful in continuing the advancement of such wireless communication technologies. However, challenges in implementing radar in communication systems include the cancellation of self-interference in monostatic systems, which can lead to the loss of communicated information in situations where the transmitted and received signals carry both radar and communication information. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of aspects of the disclosure. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. Rather, this summary serves as a prelude to the more detailed description below.

[0005] Conventional techniques for object detection using monostatic radar configurations employing full-duplex operation can result in high self-interference from the radar transmitter to the radar receiver (e.g., within the same radar transceiver), which can degrade full-duplex operation and adversely affect the accuracy of radar sensing.

[0006] The present disclosure addresses these and other shortcomings by, in a first example, performing bistatic radar sensing using a user equipment (UE) as a radar receiver and a network entity as a radar transmitter. For example, the network entity can perform bistatic radar sensing with assistance from the UE. To perform bistatic radar sensing with assistance from the UE, the network entity configures the UE based on the UE's radar capabilities using a radar assistance configuration message. The network entity sends the radar assistance configuration message to the UE to assist the network entity in bistatic radar sensing. The network entity transmits a radar signal that reflects from an object to the UE. The network entity may add downlink communication information to the radar signal to produce a combined radar signal and communication signal. The UE can demodulate and decode the communication portion of the received combined radar signal and communication signal. The network entity receives a radar measurement report message from the UE, including radar information of the object.

[0007] Alternatively or additionally, the UE may be configured as a radar transmitter, and the network entity may be configured as a radar receiver. In this example, the UE requests the network entity to assist the UE in performing bistatic radar sensing. For example, if the UE is capable of performing the function of a radar transmitter, the UE may query whether the network entity is capable of performing the function of a radar receiver. The network entity transmits the UE radar receiver capability information. That is, the network entity transmits a first acknowledgement message if the network entity can assist the UE, and a second acknowledgement message if the network entity cannot assist the UE. The UE transmits a radar signal reflected by an object to the network entity. The UE may add uplink communication information to the radar signal to generate a combined radar signal and communication signal. The BS can demodulate and decode the communication portion of the received combined radar signal and communication signal. The network entity performs radar processing and transmits a radar measurement report message to the UE, including radar information of the object.

[0008] Thus, UEs and / or network entities performing bistatic radar sensing can overcome limitations associated with conventional monostatic object detection techniques, and can reduce high self-interference to radar receivers caused by radar transmitters, which can contribute to performance degradation in full-duplex systems.

[0009] Other examples include a base station (BS) or UE equipped with hardware configured to implement the above methods. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1A] 1 shows a diagram of a wireless communication system including multiple user equipments (UEs) and network entities communicating via one or more cells. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary environment for implementing user equipment (UE)-assisted radar processing, according to some embodiments. [Figure 1C] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary environment for implementing user equipment (UE)-assisted radar processing, according to some embodiments. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a signaling diagram illustrating a procedure for radar sensing assistance using a network entity as a radar transmitter, according to some embodiments. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a signaling diagram illustrating a procedure for radar sensing assistance using a UE as a radar transmitter, according to some embodiments. [Figure 4] 1 is a flowchart of a method for radar sensing assistance at a radar transmitter, according to some embodiments. [Figure 5] 1 is a flowchart of a method for radar sensing assistance in a radar receiver, according to some embodiments. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of an exemplary UE device. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation of one or more exemplary network entities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] FIG. 1A shows a diagram 100 of a wireless communication system associated with multiple cells 190. The wireless communication system includes a user equipment (UE) 102 and base stations 104, with some base stations 104c including an aggregated base station architecture and other base stations 104a-104b including a separated base station architecture. The UE 102 may include a radar device 103a, and the base station 104c may include a radar device 103b. The UE 102 may communicate with the base station 104c via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links 178. The aggregated base station architecture includes a radio unit (RU) 106, a distributed unit (DU) 108, and a central unit (CU) 110 configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node. The separated base station architecture utilizes a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units (e.g., the RU 106, the DU 108, and the CU 110). For example, the CU 110 may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs 108 may be co-located with the CU 110, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or more other RAN nodes. The DUs 108 may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs 106. Each of the RUs 106, DUs 108, and CUs 110 may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual radio unit (VRU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual central unit (VCU). The base station 104 and / or units of the base station 104, such as the RUs 106, DUs 108, or CUs 110, may be referred to as transmit receive points (TRPs).

[0012] The operation and / or network design of the base station 104 may be based on the aggregation characteristics of the base station functions. For example, a separated base station architecture is utilized in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN), which may also be referred to as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN) network, or a cloud radio access network (C-RAN). Separation may include distributing functions across two or more units in different physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functions of at least one unit, thereby enabling flexibility in network design. Various units in a separated base station architecture or a separated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit. For example, the CU 110a communicates with the DUs 108a-108b via respective midhaul links 162 based on an F1 interface. The DUs 108a-108b may communicate with the RUs 106a and 106b-106c, respectively, via respective fronthaul links 160. The RUs 106a-106c may communicate with each of the UEs 102a-102c and 102s via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links 178 based on the Uu interface. In an example, multiple RUs 106 and / or base stations 104 may simultaneously serve a UE 102, e.g., the UE 102a in cell 190a is simultaneously served by the access links 178 of the RU 106a in cell 190a and the base station 104c in cell 190e.

[0013] One or more CUs 110, such as CU 110a or CU 110d, may communicate directly with the core network 120 via a backhaul link 164. For example, CU 110d communicates with the core network 120 via a backhaul link 164 based on a next-generation (NG) interface. One or more CUs 110 may also communicate indirectly with the core network 120 via one or more separate base station units, such as a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 116, which may be associated with a near-real-time RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 128 and a non-real-time RIC 118 via an E2 link. The near-real-time RIC 128 may communicate with the SMO framework 116 and / or the non-real-time RIC 118 via an A1 link. The SMO framework 116 and / or the non-real-time RIC 118 may also communicate with an open cloud (O-cloud) 130 via an O2 link. One or more CUs 110 may further communicate with each other via a backhaul link 164 based on an Xn interface. For example, the CU 110d of the base station 104c communicates with the CU 110a of the base station 104b via the backhaul link 164 based on the Xn interface. Similarly, the base station 104c of the cell 190e may communicate with the CU 110a of the base station 104b via the backhaul link 164 based on the Xn interface.

[0014] The RU 106, DU 108, and CU 110, as well as the near-real-time RIC 128, non-real-time RIC 118, and / or SMO framework 116 may include (or be coupled to) one or more interfaces configured to transmit and receive information / signals via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Either the base station 104 or one or more separate base station units may be configured to communicate with one or more other base stations 104 or one or more other separate base station units via a wired or wireless transmission medium. In an example, a processor, memory, and / or controller associated with executable instructions for an interface may be configured to provide communication between the base station 104 and / or one or more separate base station units via a wired or wireless transmission medium. For example, a wired interface may be configured to transmit and receive information / signals via a wired transmission medium, such as for a fronthaul link 160 between the RU 106d and a baseband unit (BBU) 112 of the cell 190d, or more specifically, for a fronthaul link 160 between the RU 106d and the DU 108d. The BBU 112 may include the DU 108d and the CU 110d and may also have a wired interface configured between the DU 108d and the CU 110d to transmit and receive information / signals between the DU 108d and the CU 110d based on the midhaul link 162. In a further example, the wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver), may be configured to transmit and receive information / signals via a wireless transmission medium, for example, for information communicated between the RU 106a of the cell 190a and the base station 104c of the cell 190e via a cross-cell communication beam of the RU 106a and the base station 104c.

[0015] One or more higher layer control functions, such as functions related to Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), may be hosted on the CU 110. Each control function may be associated with an interface for communicating signals based on one or more other control functions hosted on the CU 110. User plane functions, such as a central unit user plane (CU-UP) function, control plane functions, such as a central unit control plane (CU-CP) function, or a combination thereof, may be implemented based on the CU 110. For example, the CU 110 may include logical division between one or more CU-UP procedures and / or one or more CU-CP procedures. The CU-UP function, when implemented in an O-RAN configuration, may be based on bidirectional communication with the CU-CP function via an interface, such as an E1 interface (not shown).

[0016] The CU 110 may communicate with the DU 108 for network control and signaling. The DU 108 is a logical unit of the base station 104 configured to perform one or more base station functions. For example, the DU 108 may control the operation of one or more RUs 106. The DU 108 may host one or more of the radio link control (RLC) layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, or one or more upper physical layer (PHY) layers, such as a forward error correction (FEC) module for encoding / decoding, scrambling, and modulation / demodulation. The DU 108 may host such functions based on the DU 108's functional division. The DU 108 may similarly host one or more lower PHY layers, and each lower layer or module may be implemented based on an interface for communication with other layers and modules hosted on the DU 108 or based on a control function hosted on the CU 110.

[0017] The RU 106 may be configured to implement lower layer functions. For example, the RU 106 may be controlled by the DU 108 and correspond to a logical node hosting RF processing functions or lower layer PHY functions, such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc. The functionality of the RU 106 may be based on a functional division, such as a lower layer functional division.

[0018] The RU 106 may transmit or receive over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 102. For example, the RU 106b in the cell 190b communicates with the UE 102b in the cell 190b via the first set of communication beams 132 of the RU 106b and the second set of communication beams 134b of the UE 102b, which may correspond to inter-cell or cross-cell communication beams. For example, the UE 102b in the cell 190b may communicate with the RU 106a in the cell 190a via the third set of communication beams 134a of the UE 102b and the RU beam set 136 of the RU 106a. Both real-time and non-real-time functions of the control plane and user plane communications of the RU 106 may be controlled by the associated DU 108. Thus, the DU 108 and the CU 110 may be utilized in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture, while the SMO framework 116 may be utilized to support non-virtualized and virtualized RAN network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 116 can support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage, which can be managed via an operation and maintenance (O&M) interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 116 interfaces with a cloud computing platform, such as the O-cloud 130, via an O2 link (e.g., a cloud computing platform interface) to manage the network elements. The virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, the RU 106, the DU 108, the CU 110, the near-real-time RIC 128, etc.

[0019] The SMO framework 116 may be configured to communicate directly with one or more RUs 106 utilizing an O1 link. The non-real-time RIC 118 of the SMO framework 116 may also be configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 116. For example, the non-real-time RIC 118 implements logical functions that enable control of non-real-time RAN functions and resources, near-real-time RIC 128 functions / applications, and / or artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) procedures. The non-real-time RIC 118 may communicate with (or be coupled to) the near-real-time RIC 128 via an A1 interface, etc. The near-real-time RIC 128 may implement logical functions that enable control of near-real-time RAN functions and resources based on data collection and interaction via an E2 interface, such as the E2 interface between the near-real-time RIC 128 and the CU 110a and DU 108b.

[0020] The non-real-time RIC 118 may receive parameters or other information from an external server to generate an AI / ML model for deployment on the near-real-time RIC 128. For example, the non-real-time RIC 118 receives parameters or other information from the O-cloud 130 via the O2 link for deployment of the AI / ML model to the real-time RIC 128 via the A1 link. The near-real-time RIC 128 may utilize parameters and / or other information received from the non-real-time RIC 118 or the SMO framework 116 via the A1 link to perform near-real-time functions. The near-real-time RIC 128 and the non-real-time RIC 118 may be configured to adjust RAN performance. For example, the non-real-time RIC 118 monitors patterns and long-term trends to improve RAN performance. The non-real-time RIC 118 may also deploy the AI / ML model to implement corrective actions via the SMO framework 116, such as initiating a reconfiguration of the O1 link or instructing management procedures for the A1 link.

[0021] Any combination of the RU 106, the DU 108, and the CU 110, or any individual reference thereto, may correspond to a base station 104. Thus, the base station 104 may include at least one of the RU 106, the DU 108, or the CU 110. The base station 104 provides the UE 102 with access to the core network 120. That is, the base station 104 may relay communications between the UE 102 and the core network 120. The base station 104 may be associated with a macrocell for high-power cellular base stations and / or a small cell for low-power cellular base stations. For example, cell 190e may correspond to a macrocell, and cells 190a-190d may correspond to small cells. Small cells include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc. A cellular structure including at least one macrocell and at least one small cell may be referred to as a "heterogeneous network."

[0022] Transmissions from the UE 102 to the base station 104 / RU 106 are referred to as uplink (UL) transmissions, and transmissions from the base station 104 / RU 106 to the UE 102 are referred to as downlink (DL) transmissions. Uplink transmissions may be referred to as reverse link transmissions, and downlink transmissions may be referred to as forward link transmissions. For example, the RU 106d utilizes the antennas of the base station 104c in cell 190d to transmit downlink / forward link communications to, and receive uplink / reverse link communications from, the UE 102d based on the Uu interface associated with the access link 178 between the UE 102d and the base station 104c / RU 106d.

[0023] The communication link between the UE 102 and the base station 104 / RU 106 may be based on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be associated with one or more carriers. The UE 102 and the base station 104 / RU 106 may utilize Y MHz of spectrum bandwidth (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, 800, 1600, 2000 MHz, etc.) per allocated carrier, with a carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz in total, where x component carriers (CCs) are used for communication in each of the uplink and downlink directions. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other along the frequency spectrum. In an example, the uplink and downlink carriers may be allocated asymmetrically, with more or fewer carriers allocated to either the uplink or downlink. A component carrier may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be associated with a primary cell (PCell), and the secondary component carrier may be associated as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0024] Some UEs 102, such as the UEs 102a and 102s, may perform device-to-device (D2D) communication via a sidelink. For example, the sidelink communication / D2D link utilizes a wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum associated with uplink and downlink communication. The sidelink communication / D2D link may also communicate information between the UEs 102a and 102s using one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and / or a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). Such sidelink / D2D communication may be performed via various wireless communication systems, such as a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) system, a Bluetooth® system, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, a New Radio (NR) system, etc.

[0025] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided into different classes, bands, channels, etc. based on the different frequencies / wavelengths associated with the electromagnetic spectrum. Fifth-generation (5G) NR is generally associated with two operating frequency ranges (FR), generally referred to as Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2). FR1 ranges from 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, while FR2 ranges from 24.25 GHz to 71.0 GHz, including FR2-1 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz) and FR2-2 (52.6 GHz to 71.0 GHz). While portions of FR1 actually extend above 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band. In contrast, FR2 is often referred to as the "millimeter wave" (mmWave) band. FR2 is a distinct but close subset of the "extremely high frequency" (EHF) band, also known as the "mmWave" band, which ranges from 30 GHz to 300 GHz. Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as "mid-band" frequencies. The operating band for mid-band frequencies is sometimes referred to as Frequency Range 3 (FR3), which ranges from 7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz. Frequency bands within FR3 may include characteristics of FR1 and / or FR2. Thus, the functionality of FR1 and / or FR2 may extend to mid-band frequencies. Higher operating frequency bands have been identified to extend 5G NR communications beyond the 52.6 GHz associated with the upper limit of FR2. Three of these higher operating frequency bands include FR2-2, which ranges from 52.6 GHz to 71.0 GHz; FR4, which ranges from 71.0 GHz to 114.25 GHz; and FR5, which ranges from 114.25 GHz to 300 GHz. The upper limit of FR5 corresponds to the upper limit of the EHF band. Therefore, unless otherwise specified herein, the term "sub-6 GHz" may refer to frequencies below 6 GHz within FR1 or may include mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified herein, the term "millimeter wave" or mmW refers to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2-1, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0026] The UE 102 and the base station 104 / RU 106 may each include multiple antennas. The multiple antennas may correspond to antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays that may facilitate beamforming operations. For example, the RU 106b may transmit downlink beamforming signals to the UE 102b based on the first set of beams 132 in one or more transmit directions of the RU 106b. The UE 102b may receive downlink beamforming signals from the RU 106b based on the second set of beams 134b in one or more receive directions of the UE 102b. In a further example, the UE 102b may also transmit uplink beamforming signals to the RU 106b based on the second set of beams 134b in one or more transmit directions of the UE 102b. The RU 106b may receive uplink beamforming signals from the UE 102b in one or more receive directions of the RU 106b. The UE 102b may perform beam training to determine optimal receive and transmit directions of the beamforming signals. The transmit and receive directions of the UE 102 and the base station 104 / RU 106 may or may not be the same. In a further example, beamforming signals may be communicated between a first base station 104c and a second base station 104b. For example, the RU 106a of the cell 190a may transmit beamforming signals to the base station 104c of the cell 190e based on the RU beam set 136 in one or more transmit directions of the RU 106a. The base station 104c of the cell 190e may receive beamforming signals from the RU 106a based on the base station beam set 138 in one or more receive directions of the base station 104c. Similarly, the base station 104c of the cell 190e may transmit beamforming signals to the RU 106a based on the base station beam set 138 in one or more transmit directions of the base station 104c. The RU 106a may receive beamforming signals from the base station 104c of the cell 190e based on the RU beam set 136 in one or more receive directions of the RU 106a.

[0027] The base station 104 may include and / or be referred to as a network entity. That is, a “network entity” may refer to the base station 104 or at least one unit of the base station 104, such as the RU 106, the DU 108, and / or the CU 110. The base station 104 may also include and / or be referred to as a Next Generation Evolved Node B (ng-eNB), Generation NB (gNB), Evolved NB (eNB), access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), TRP, network node, network equipment, or other related terminology. The base station 104 or entities in the base station 104 may be implemented as an IAB node, relay node, sidelink node, aggregated (monolithic) base station with the RU 106 and BBU including the DU 108 and CU 110, or as a separated base station 104b including one or more of the RU 106, DU 108, and / or CU 110. The set of aggregated or separated base stations 104a-104b may be referred to as a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN). In some examples, the UE 102b operates in a dual connection (DC) with the base station 104a and the base station 104b. In such a case, the base station 104a may be the master node, and the base station 104b may be the secondary node. In other examples, the UE 102b operates in a DC with the DU 108a and the DU 108b. In such a case, the DU 108a may be the master node, and the DU 108b may be the secondary node.

[0028] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 121, a Session Management Function (SMF) 122, a User Plane Function (UPF) 123, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 124, a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 125, and / or a Location Management Function (LMF) 126. The core network 120 may also include one or more location servers, which may include the GMLC 125 and the LMF 126 as well as other functional entities. For example, the one or more location servers may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of a Position Determination Entity (PDE), a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), etc., in addition to the GMLC 125 and the LMF 126.

[0029] The AMF 121 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 102 and the core network 120. The AMF 121 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 122 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 123 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 124 supports authentication and key agreement (AKA) credential generation, user identity processing, access authorization, and subscriber management. The GMLC 125 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. The LMF 126 receives measurements and aiding information from the NG-RAN and the UE 102 via the AMF 121 and calculates the position of the UE 102. The NG-RAN may use one or more positioning methods to determine the position of the UE 102. Positioning the UE 102 may include signal measurements, position estimation, and optional velocity calculation based on the measurements. The signal measurements may be performed by the UE 102 and / or the serving base station 104 / RU 106.

[0030] The communicated signals may also be based on one or more satellite positioning systems (SPSs) 114, such as signals measured for positioning. In an example, the SPS 114 of cell 190c may communicate with one or more UEs 102, such as UE 102c, and one or more base stations 104 / RUs 106, such as RU 106c. The SPS 114 may correspond to one or more of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a Global Positioning System (GPS), a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / location systems. The SPS 114 may be associated with LTE signals, NR signals (e.g., those based on round trip time (RTT) and / or multi-RTT), wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, terrestrial beacon systems (TBS), sensor-based information, NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) technology, downlink angle of departure (DL-AoD), downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA), and / or other systems, signals, or sensors.

[0031] The UE 102 may be configured as a mobile phone, smartphone, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, laptop, personal digital assistant (PDA), satellite radio, GPS, multimedia device, video device, digital audio player (e.g., Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) Audio Layer 3 (MP3) player), camera, game console, tablet, smart device, wearable device, vehicle, utility power meter, gas pump, home appliance, healthcare device, sensor / actuator, display, or other device of similar functionality. Some of the UEs 102 may be referred to as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as parking meters, gas pumps, home appliances, vehicles, and healthcare equipment. The UE 102 may also be referred to as a station (STA), mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communications device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, mobile client, client, or other similar terminology. The term UE may also apply to a roadside unit (RSU), which may communicate with other RSU UEs, non-RSU UEs, the base station 104, and / or entities of the base station 104, such as the RU 106.

[0032] 1A , in certain aspects, the UE 102 may include a UE radar assistance component 140 configured to receive a configuration message from the radar transmitter that configures the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter in bistatic radar sensing, receive radar signal reflections, and transmit a radar measurement report message to the radar transmitter in response to receiving the radar signal reflections.

[0033] In particular aspects, the base station 104 or a network entity of the base station 104 may include a radar assistance component 150 configured to receive, from a radar transmitter, a radar sensing request message requesting a radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter in bistatic radar sensing; in response to receiving, transmit a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) grant to the radar transmitter indicating a radar resource; in response to receiving the PDCCH grant, receive a radar signal reflection reflected from an object via the radar resource; and in response to receiving the radar signal reflection, transmit a radar measurement report message to the radar transmitter.

[0034] Accordingly, Figure 1A illustrates a wireless communications system that may be implemented in conjunction with aspects of one or more other figures described herein, such as the aspects shown in Figures 1B-7. Additionally, while the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as other wireless technologies, such as 5G Advanced and future versions, LTE, LTE Advanced (LTE-A), and 6G.

[0035] 1B-1C illustrate example environments 170 and 180 for implementing user equipment (UE)-assisted radar processing, according to some embodiments. The environments 170 and 180 include a UE 102 (e.g., 102A, 102B) and a network entity 104.

[0036] 1B , the network entity 104 can function as a radar transmitter transmitting a radar signal 172 for radar sensing. Radar sensing can be used to image the environment or to determine information about an object 176 in the environment based on range, Doppler, and / or angle information determined from reflections of the radar signal 174. The radar signal 172 includes a defined waveform, such as a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW), a pulsed waveform, or a chirp waveform, among other examples of defined waveforms. Radar sensing can also be used for automotive radar, e.g., detecting the environment around a vehicle, nearby vehicles or objects, smart cruise control, collision avoidance, etc. Radar signal sensing can also be used for gesture recognition, e.g., human activity recognition, hand movement recognition, facial expression recognition, keystroke detection, sign language detection, etc. Radar signal sensing can be used to obtain contextual information, e.g., location detection, tracking, direction determination, range estimation, etc. Radar sensing may be used to image an environment, for example, to provide three-dimensional (3D) maps for virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) applications. Radar devices may be employed, for example, to provide high-resolution localization for industrial Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The network entity 104 communicates with the UE 102 using an access link 178 (e.g., a wireless link) for control and / or data communication. For example, the network entity 104 communicates control information and downlink data to the UE 102. The UE 102 communicates control information and uplink data to the network entity 104. The downlink portion 178A of the access link 178 may be combined with the radar signal 172 to produce a combined radar and communication signal.

[0037] The UE 102 may function as a radar receiver that receives a reflection of the radar signal 174 reflected from the object 176. When the UE 102 receives the combined radar and communication signal, the UE 102 may demodulate and decode the communication portion of the signal to receive downlink information from the network entity 104. In response to receiving the reflection of the radar signal 174, the UE 102 transmits information about the object 176 to the network entity 104 using the uplink portion 178B of the access link 178. After receiving the information about the object 176, the network entity 104 compares the information about the object 176 with the radar signal 172 to determine the location of the object 176.

[0038] 1C , a UE 102 in an environment 180 can function as a radar transmitter transmitting a radar signal 172 for radar sensing and possibly uplink communication. A network entity 104 communicates with the UE 102 using an access link 178 (e.g., a wireless link). The UE 102 can add uplink communication information to the radar signal 172 to produce a combined radar and communication signal. The network entity 104 can demodulate and decode the communication portion of the received combined radar and communication signal. The network entity 104 can function as a radar receiver receiving a reflection of the radar signal 174 reflected from an object 176. In response to receiving the reflection of the radar signal 174, the network entity 104 transmits information about the object 176 to the UE 102 using the access link 178. After receiving the information about the object 176, the UE 102 compares the information about the object 176 with the radar signal 172 to determine the location of the object 176.

[0039] Thus, a UE and / or network entity performing bistatic radar sensing can overcome limitations associated with conventional monostatic object detection techniques. Additionally, the UE and / or network entity can add communication information to the radar signal to produce a combined radar and communication signal.

[0040] Accordingly, Figures 1B-1C depict example environments for various aspects of UE-assisted radar sensing that may be implemented in conjunction with aspects of one or more other figures described herein, such as the aspects shown in Figures 2-7.

[0041] 2 is a signaling diagram illustrating an example scenario 200 for radar sensing assistance using a network entity 104 (e.g., a base station) as a radar transmitter and a UE 102 as a radar receiver, in accordance with some embodiments. Generally speaking, the UE 102 and the network entity 104 perform bistatic radar sensing assistance based on three stages of operation. The three stages of operation include bistatic radar preparation 201, bistatic radar configuration and operation 203, and bistatic radar processing and reporting 205. Bistatic radar preparation 201 includes procedures 202, 204, 206, 208, and 221. Bistatic radar configuration and operation 203 includes procedures 210, 212, 213, 214, and 229. Bistatic radar processing and reporting 205 includes procedures 216, 218, 220, 219, and 222.

[0042] A radar receiver (e.g., the UE 102) may receive a radar capability inquiry from a radar transmitter (202). For example, the UE 102 receives a radar capability inquiry message (e.g., a ueCapabilityEnquiry message) from the network entity 104 requesting a transfer of the UE's radio access capabilities (202). In response to receiving the radar capability inquiry, or at the UE's own initiative, the radar receiver transmits a radar capability response to the radar transmitter (204) indicating the radar capabilities supported by the radar receiver for bistatic radar sensing. For example, the UE 102 transmits a radar capability response message (e.g., a UECapabilityInformatation message) to the network entity 104, transferring the UE's radar capabilities requested by the network entity 104 (204). The radar capability response includes an indication of at least one of: radar waveform parameters indicative of radar waveforms detectable by the radar receiver; a minimum radar range resolution capability of the radar receiver; a minimum radar Doppler resolution; a first minimum delay between receipt of a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) grant by the radar receiver and a first time at which the radar receiver performs radar reception; or a second minimum delay between receipt of a PDCCH grant and a second time at which the radar receiver performs transmission of a radar measurement report.

[0043] The UE's radar capability may also include a third minimum time delay between receiving the PDCCH grant and a third time when the radar receiver performs radar transmission. For example, the third minimum time delay may be in units of a number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, microseconds, etc. With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 , the third minimum time delay allows the UE to switch from functioning as a radar receiver ( FIG. 2 ) to a radar transmitter ( FIG. 3 ) for radar transmission 314. The UE 102 may decode an uplink (UL) PDCCH grant before transmitting a radar signal. The third minimum time delay allows the UE 102 to have sufficient time to decode the PDCCH grant. The third minimum time is different from the first minimum delay described above. In one example, when the UE 102 does not have full-duplex capability to perform monostatic radar sensing, the UE 102 may send a request to the network entity 104 to perform bistatic radar sensing (206). If the network entity 104 is available to perform bistatic radar sensing with the UE 102, the network entity 104 responds with an acknowledgement to the UE 102 (221).

[0044] The clock source stability determines the accuracy of synchronization between the UE 102 and the network entity 104. For example, a high performance crystal oscillator may improve the accuracy of synchronization between the UE 102 and the network entity 104. The radar capability response message may include an indication of the accuracy of the synchronization.

[0045] The UE's radar capability also depends on the UE's 102 positioning capability. The UE's 102 positioning capability may be determined by the UE's radar resolution capability. The UE's radar resolution capability may include angular resolution, range resolution, or Doppler resolution. The UE's radar resolution capability may also include detection range. To perform radar sensing accurately, the UE 102 may be configured with enhanced position resolution. For example, the enhanced position resolution may have a higher resolution than that of a Global Positioning System (GPS). In some other examples, 5G or 6G network-based positioning (e.g., observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA), angle of arrival, angle of departure, etc.) may configure the UE 102 with enhanced position resolution. The radar capability response message may include an indication of the accuracy of one or more positioning measurements.

[0046] The radar capability of the UE also depends on the local operating conditions of the UE 102. For example, the radar capability of the UE may be affected by the battery or thermal conditions of the UE 102. The radar capability response message may include an indication of the battery or thermal conditions.

[0047] The radar transmitter decides (208) to perform a radar detection assistance procedure 201 with the radar receiver. For example, based on the UE's radar capabilities reported (204) in the radar capability response message, the network entity 104 decides (208) to perform radar detection assistance with the UE 102.

[0048] To configure the radar receiver for a radar sensing assistance procedure, the radar transmitter sends 210 a configuration message to the radar receiver. For example, the UE 102 receives an RRC message (e.g., an RRCReconfiguration message) from the network entity 104. The RRCReconfiguration message may include a new information element (e.g., RadarAssistanceMeasurementConfiguration) to indicate a request for radar sensing assistance. After the radar receiver receives 210 the configuration message from the radar transmitter, the configuration message configures the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter in bistatic radar sensing. For example, the configuration message configures the UE 102 to perform bistatic radar sensing.

[0049] The radar receiver may be one of a group of radar receivers. In that case, the radar transmitter may define a group identifier (ID) for the group of radar receivers. For example, the network entity 104 includes the group ID in a configuration message to identify the group of UEs.

[0050] In a group situation, the radar receiver receives a PDCCH grant indicating radar resources (212). The radar receiver may receive downlink control information (DCI) from the radar transmitter indicating at least one indicator of downlink frequency resources, downlink timing resources, or radar waveforms. The DCI also indicates uplink resources for transmitting radar measurement report messages. The radar transmitter may scramble a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the PDCCH grant with the group's ID.

[0051] The radar receiver may reject 213 the configuration message with an indication that the radar receiver will not provide radar sensing assistance. If the radar receiver rejects 213 the configuration message, the radar receiver can send 229 a rejection message. If the radar receiver does not reject 213 the configuration message, the radar receiver proceeds to assist the radar transmitter in performing bistatic radar sensing.

[0052] In response to receiving the PDCCH grant, the radar transmitter and radar receiver perform bistatic radar sensing. For example, the network entity 104 transmits (214) a radar signal 172 into the air. The radar signal in this example includes an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar signal. In other examples, the radar signal 172 may include a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar signal or a pulsed radar signal. During bistatic radar sensing, the radar signal 172 travels through the air and may impact an object (e.g., 176).

[0053] When the radar signal 172 impacts the object 176, the radar signal 172 may change and the radar signal may be reflected as a reflection of the radar signal 174. The radar receiver receives the reflection of the radar signal 174 reflected from the object 176. For example, the reflection of the radar signal 174 may include information about the object 176. In response to receiving the reflection of the radar signal, the radar receiver processes 216 the reflection of the radar signal. For example, the UE 102 processes the reflection of the radar signal 174. By doing so, the UE 102 may detect the object 176 and determine information about the object 176 (e.g., object information).

[0054] The radar receiver then transmits 218 a radar measurement report message to the radar transmitter. The radar measurement report message may include information about the object 176 (e.g., object information). The object information may include location information or size information. The radar transmitter can use 220 the object information to calculate the range of the object 176 to determine the location of the object 176. In some examples, the radar transmitter can use the object information to determine the presence or movement of the object 176, the speed of the object 176, the distance between the radar transmitter and the object 176, the distance between the radar receiver and the object 176, the direction of movement of the object, and the elevation angle, size, and material composition of the object 176. In some other examples, the radar measurement report message may include an indication of at least one of Doppler velocity, Doppler spread, Doppler shift, or radar signal propagation delay information. After the radar transmitter calculates 220 the range of the object 176 to determine the location of the object 176, the radar transmitter can transmit 222 the object information to the radar receiver. In some examples, the radar receiver transmits 219 a request message to the radar transmitter requesting that the radar transmitter transmit 222 the object information to the radar transmitter after the radar transmitter determines the object information from radar signal reflections.

[0055] The radar receiver transmits a first message to the radar transmitter indicating that the radar receiver is unavailable for radar sensing assistance 226. In response to transmitting the first message, the radar receiver may receive a second message from the radar transmitter ignoring the radar assistance request 228. For example, the UE 102 receives an RRC message ignoring the configuration message as described above.

[0056] The radar receiver may transmit 226 a first message indicating that the radar receiver is unavailable for radar sensing assistance because the radar receiver detects 224 a radar receiver condition. For example, when a sensor of the UE 102 detects 224 a local condition of the UE 102, the UE 102 transmits 226 a first message indicating that the UE 102 is unavailable to perform radar sensing assistance with the network entity 104. The local condition of the UE 102 may include a battery level condition, a thermal condition, processing capacity, and available memory. The UE 102 may transmit the first message if the battery level, processing capacity, or available memory is below a certain threshold. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may transmit the first message if the temperature of the UE is outside a certain temperature range due to heating. FIG. 2 illustrates an example scenario 200 in which a network entity is configured as a radar transmitter and a UE is configured as a radar receiver for radar sensing assistance, while FIG. 3 illustrates another example scenario 300 in which a UE is configured as a radar transmitter and a network entity is configured as a radar receiver for radar sensing assistance.

[0057] 3 is a signaling diagram illustrating an example scenario 300 including a UE 102 as a radar transmitter and a network entity 104 as a radar receiver, according to some embodiments. The example scenario 300 can be implemented by the UE 102 communicating with the network entity 104 depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

[0058] 3 , generally speaking, the UE 102 and the network entity 104 perform bistatic radar sensing assistance based on three stages of operation. The three stages of operation include bistatic radar preparation 301, bistatic radar configuration and operation 303, and bistatic radar processing and reporting 305. Bistatic radar preparation 301 includes procedures 202, 204, and 308. Bistatic radar configuration and operation 303 includes procedures 306, 307, and 312. Bistatic radar processing and reporting 305 includes procedures 217, 314, 318, and 320. Procedures 202, 204, 308, and 312 may be similar to procedures 202, 204, 208, and 212 of FIG. 2 . In some aspects, the radar transmitter may send a radar sensing request message to the radar receiver requesting the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter with bistatic radar sensing. For example, the UE 102 may determine to perform radar sensing, and the UE 102 may transmit (306) a radar sensing request message to the network entity 104 requesting that the network entity 104 assist the network entity 104 with bistatic radar sensing. In response to transmitting (306), the radar transmitter may receive (212) a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) grant from the radar receiver indicating radar resources. For example, the UE 102 may receive (212) a PDCCH grant from the network entity 104 indicating radar resources. In response to receiving (314), the radar transmitter may transmit (314) a radar signal toward an area of ​​interest using the radar resources. In response to receiving a reflection of the radar signal, the radar receiver may process (217) the reflection of the radar signal. For example, the network entity 104 may process the reflection of the radar signal 174. By doing so, the network entity 104 may determine information about the object 176 (e.g., object information). The radar transmitter then receives a radar measurement report message from the radar receiver in response to transmitting the radar signal (318). After the radar transmitter receives the radar measurement report message (318), the radar transmitter may calculate (320) the range of the object 176 to determine the position of the object 176.

[0059] Figures 2-3 illustrate bistatic radar sensing at a radar receiver and at a radar transmitter. Figures 4-5 illustrate methods for implementing one or more aspects of Figures 2-3. Specifically, Figure 4 illustrates a radar receiver implementation of one or more aspects of Figures 2-3. Figure 5 illustrates a radar transmitter implementation of one or more aspects of Figures 2-3.

[0060] 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an example method for performing radar sensing assistance implemented in a radar receiver. With reference to FIGS. 1-3 and 6-7, the method may be performed by a radar receiver (e.g., UE 102), a UE device 602, which may include a memory 626′ and may correspond to the UE 102 as a whole or the UE device 602, or components of the UE 102 or the UE device 602, such as the radio baseband processor 626 and / or the application processor 606. In a further example, the network entity 104 may be a radar receiver.

[0061] The radar receiver may receive a radar capability inquiry from the radar transmitter 402. Referring to Figure 2, for example, the UE 102 receives a radar capability inquiry message (e.g., a ueCapabilityEnquiry message) from the network entity 104 requesting a transfer of the UE's radio access capabilities 202.

[0062] In response to receiving 402 the radar capability query, the radar receiver may transmit 404 a radar capability response to the radar transmitter indicating the radar capabilities supported by the radar receiver for bistatic radar sensing. Referring to Figure 2, for example, the UE 102 transmits 204 to the network entity 104 a radar capability response message (e.g., a UECapabilityInformatation message) that forwards the UE's radar capabilities as requested by the network entity 104.

[0063] The radar receiver receives a configuration message from the radar transmitter 410. Referring to Figure 2, for example, the UE 102 receives 210 an RRC message (e.g., an RRCReconfiguration message) from the network entity 104. The RRCReconfiguration message may include a new information element (e.g., RadarAssistanceMeasurementConfiguration measurement configuration) to indicate a request for radar sensing assistance.

[0064] In response to receiving the PDCCH grant, the radar transmitter transmits 414 a radar signal. For example, the network entity transmits 214 a radar signal 172 into the air, and the radar receiver receives 214 the radar signal.

[0065] The radar receiver then transmits a radar measurement report message to the radar transmitter 418. For example, referring to FIG. 2, the UE 102 transmits a radar measurement report message 218 to the network entity 104 that includes information about the object 176 (e.g., object information).

[0066] The radar receiver may send a request message to the radar transmitter requesting that the radar transmitter transmit the object information to the radar transmitter after determining the object information from the radar signal reflections (419). For example, referring to FIG. 2, the UE 102 sends a request message to the network entity 104 requesting that the network entity 104 transmit the object information to the network entity 104 after the network entity 104 determines (220) the object information from the radar signal reflections (219).

[0067] The radar receiver may detect a condition in the radar receiver that causes the radar receiver to be unavailable for radar sensing assistance (424). For example, the UE 102 may use various sensors (e.g., 618) to detect a local condition (battery level or thermal condition) of the UE 102. When a local condition is detected, the UE 102 is unavailable to perform radar sensing assistance with the network entity 104.

[0068] In response to detecting the condition, the radar receiver may transmit a message to the radar transmitter indicating that the radar receiver is available to perform radar sensing assistance 425. For example, with reference to FIG. 2, when the UE 102 detects 224 a condition local to the UE 102, the UE 102 transmits 226 a message indicating that the UE 102 is unavailable to perform radar sensing assistance with the network entity 104.

[0069] The radar receiver transmits a first message to the radar transmitter indicating that the radar receiver is unavailable for radar detection assistance (426). Referring to Figure 2, the UE 102 transmits a first message to the network entity 104 indicating that the UE 102 is unavailable for radar detection assistance (226).

[0070] In response to transmitting the first message, the radar receiver may receive a second message from the radar transmitter ignoring the radar assistance request 428. Referring to Figure 2, the UE 102 receives a second message from the network entity 104 ignoring the configuration message described above 228.

[0071] The radar receiver may receive downlink control information (DCI) from the radar transmitter indicating at least one indicator of downlink frequency resources, downlink timing resources, or radar waveforms 412. For example, referring to FIG. 2, the UE 102 receives a PDCCH grant from a network entity indicating radar resources 212.

[0072] In response to receiving the configuration message, the radar receiver may reject (413) the configuration message, which includes an indication that the radar receiver will not perform radar sensing assistance. Referring to Figure 2, the UE 102 rejects (213) the configuration message, which includes an indication that the UE 102 will not perform radar sensing assistance. If the UE 102 rejects (213) the configuration message, the UE 102 sends (229) a rejection message. If the UE 102 does not reject (213) the configuration message, the UE 102 proceeds to assist the network entity 104 in performing bistatic radar sensing.

[0073] The radar receiver may send a radar sensing request message to the radar transmitter to request radar sensing assistance (406). For example, referring to Figure 2, the UE 102 sends a radar sensing request message to the network entity 104 indicating a request for radar sensing assistance from the network entity 104. Figure 4 illustrates a method for radar sensing assistance from the radar receiver side, and Figure 5 illustrates a method for radar sensing assistance from the radar transmitter side.

[0074] 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an example method for performing radar sensing assistance implemented in a radar transmitter. With reference to FIGS. 1-3 and 11, the method may be performed by a network entity 104, such as a base station or a unit of a base station, which may correspond to an RU processor 706, a DU processor 726, a CU processor 746, etc. One or more network entities 104 may include memory 706′ / 726′ / 746′, which may correspond to the entire one or more network entities 104 or components of one or more network entities 104, such as the RU processor 706, the DU processor 726, or the CU processor 746. In a further example, the UE 102 may be a radar transmitter.

[0075] In the method 500, the radar transmitter may receive a radar capability inquiry from the radar receiver 502. Referring to Figure 2, for example, the UE 102 receives a radar capability inquiry message (e.g., a ueCapabilityEnquiry message) from the network entity 104 requesting a transfer of the UE's radio access capabilities 202.

[0076] The radar transmitter may transmit a radar capability response to the radar receiver in response to the radar capability query indicating the radar capabilities supported by the radar transmitter for bistatic radar sensing 504. Referring to Figure 2, for example, the UE 102 transmits 204 to the network entity 104 a radar capability response message (e.g., a UECapabilityInformatation message) that forwards the UE's radar capabilities as requested by the network entity 104.

[0077] The radar transmitter sends a radar sensing request message to the radar receiver requesting the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter with bistatic radar sensing (506). Referring to Figure 2, for example, the UE 102 sends a radar sensing request message to the network entity 104 requesting the network entity 104 to assist the UE 102 with bistatic radar sensing (206).

[0078] In response to transmitting, the radar transmitter receives a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) grant from the radar receiver indicating the radar resource 512. For example, the UE 102 receives a PDCCH grant from the network entity 104 indicating the radar resource 212.

[0079] The radar transmitter uses radar resources to transmit a radar signal toward the region of interest (514). Referring to Figure 3, for example, the UE 102 transmits (314) a radar signal 172 into the air, and the network entity 104 receives (214) the radar signal.

[0080] The radar transmitter receives a radar measurement report message from the radar receiver in response to transmitting the radar signal (518). Referring to Figure 3, for example, the UE receives a radar measurement report message from the network entity 104 in response to transmitting the radar signal (318).

[0081] The radar transmitter receives an acknowledgement message from the radar receiver indicating that the radar receiver assists the radar transmitter for bistatic radar sensing (513). Referring to Figure 3, for example, the UE 102 receives a radar sensing response message from the network entity 104 indicating that the UE 102 assists the network entity 104 for bistatic radar sensing (307).

[0082] The radar transmitter receives downlink control information (DCI) from the radar receiver indicating radar resources 512. Referring to Figure 3, for example, the UE 102 receives DCI from the network entity 104 indicating radar resources 312.

[0083] The UE device 600 may operate as either a radar transmitter or a radar receiver and may perform the methods of flowcharts 400 and 500, as shown in Figure 6. As described in Figure 7, one or more network entities 104 may also operate as either a radar transmitter or a radar receiver and may perform the methods of flowcharts 400 and 500.

[0084] FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 illustrating an example hardware implementation of a UE device 602. The UE device 602 may be the UE 102, a component of the UE 102, or may implement UE functionality. The UE device 602 may include an application processor 606, which may have on-chip memory 606′. In an example, the application processor 606 may be coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 608 and / or a display 610. The application processor 606 may also be coupled to a sensor(s) module 612, a power supply 614, an additional memory module 616, a camera 618, and / or other related components. For example, the sensor(s) module 612 may control a barometric pressure sensor / altimeter, motion sensors such as an inertial management unit (IMU), gyroscopes, accelerometer(s), light detection and ranging (LIDAR) devices, radio-aided sensing and ranging (RADAR) devices, acoustic navigation and ranging (SONAR) devices, magnetometers, audio devices, and / or other technologies used for positioning.

[0085] The UE device 602 may further include a wireless baseband processor 626, which may be referred to as a modem. The wireless baseband processor 626 may have on-chip memory 626'. Along with and similar to the application processor 606, the wireless baseband processor 626 may also be coupled to the sensor(s) module(s) 612, the power supply 614, the additional memory module 616, the camera 618, and / or other related components. The wireless baseband processor 626 may further be coupled to one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) card(s) 620 and / or one or more transceivers 630 (e.g., wireless RF transceivers).

[0086] Within the one or more transceivers 630, the UE device 602 may include a Bluetooth module 632, a WLAN module 634, an SPS module 636 (e.g., a GNSS module), and / or a cellular module 638. The Bluetooth module 632, the WLAN module 634, the SPS module 636, and the cellular module 638 may each include an on-chip transceiver (TRX), or in some cases, only a transmitter (TX) or only a receiver (RX). The Bluetooth module 632, the WLAN module 634, the SPS module 636, and the cellular module 638 may each include a dedicated antenna and / or utilize an antenna 640 for communication with one or more other nodes. For example, the UE device 602 may communicate (e.g., uplink / downlink communication) with other UEs 102 (e.g., sidelink communication) and / or with a network entity 104 through transceiver(s) 630 via antenna 640, where the network entity 104 may correspond to a base station or a unit of a base station, such as the RU 106, DU 108, or CU 110.

[0087] The wireless baseband processor 626 and the application processor 606 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 626′, 606′, respectively. The additional memory module 616 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 626′, 606′, 616 may be non-transitory. The wireless baseband processor 626 and the application processor 606 may be responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory 626′, 606′, 616, respectively. The software, when executed by the wireless baseband processor 626 / application processor 606, causes the wireless baseband processor 626 / application processor 606 to perform various functions described herein. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the wireless baseband processor 626 / application processor 606 when executing the software. The wireless baseband processor 626 / application processor 606 may be a component of the UE 102. The UE device 602 may be a processor chip (e.g., modem and / or application) and may include only the wireless baseband processor 626 and / or the application processor 606. In other examples, the UE device 602 may be the entire UE 102 and may include additional modules of the device 602.

[0088] As discussed, UE radar aiding component 140 is configured to receive a configuration message from a radar transmitter that configures the radar receiver to aid the radar transmitter in bistatic radar sensing, receive radar signal reflections, and transmit a radar measurement report message to the radar transmitter in response to receiving the radar signal reflections. UE radar aiding component 140 may be within wireless baseband processor 626, application processor 606, or both wireless baseband processor 626 and application processor 606. UE radar aiding component 140 may be one or more hardware components specially configured to execute specified processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute specified processes / algorithms, stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or a combination thereof.

[0089] As shown in the figure, the apparatus 600 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 600, particularly the wireless baseband processor 626 and / or the application processor 606, includes means for receiving a configuration message from a radar transmitter that configures the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter in bistatic radar sensing, means for receiving radar signal reflections, and means for transmitting a radar measurement report message to the radar transmitter in response to receiving the radar signal reflections. The apparatus 600 further includes means for receiving a radar capability query from the radar transmitter and means for transmitting a radar capability response to the radar transmitter in response to the radar capability query, the radar capability response indicating radar capabilities supported by the radar receiver for bistatic radar sensing. The means may be the UE radar assistance component 140 of the apparatus 600 configured to perform the functions described by the means.

[0090] FIG. 7 is a diagram 700 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of one or more exemplary network entities 104. The one or more network entities 104 may be a base station, a component of a base station, or perform the functions of a base station. The one or more network entities 104 may include or correspond to at least one of the RU 106, the DU 108, or the CU 110. The CU 110 may include a CU processor 746, which may have on-chip memory 746′. In some aspects, the CU 110 may further include an additional memory module 756 and / or a communication interface 748, both of which may be coupled to the CU processor 746. The CU 110 can communicate with the DU 108 through a midhaul link 162, such as an F1 interface, between the communication interface 748 of the CU 110 and the communication interface 728 of the DU 108.

[0091] The DU 108 may include a DU processor 726, which may have on-chip memory 726′. In some aspects, the DU 108 may further include an additional memory module 736 and / or a communication interface 728, both of which may be coupled to the DU processor 726. The DU 108 may communicate with the RU 106 via a fronthaul link 160 between the communication interface 728 of the DU 108 and the communication interface 708 of the RU 106.

[0092] The RU 106 may include an RU processor 706, which may have on-chip memory 706′. In some aspects, the RU 106 may further include an additional memory module 716, a communication interface 708, as well as one or more transceivers 730, all of which may be coupled to the RU processor 706. The RU 106 may further include an antenna 740, which may be coupled to the one or more transceivers 730, such that the RU 106 can communicate with the UE 102 through the one or more transceivers 730 via the antenna 740.

[0093] The on-chip memories 706′, 726′, 746′ and the additional memory modules 716, 736, 756 may each be considered computer-readable media / memories. The computer-readable media / memories may each be non-transitory. Each of the processors 706, 726, 746 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable media / memories. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor(s) 706, 726, 746, causes the processor(s) 706, 726, 746 to perform various functions described herein. The computer-readable media / memories may also be used to store data that is manipulated by the processor(s) 706, 726, 746 when executing the software. In an example, the BS radar assistance component 150 may be located in one or more network entities 104, such as in the CU 110, in both the CU 110 and the DU 108, in each of the CU 110, the DU 108, and the RU 106, in the DU 108, in both the DU 108 and the RU 106, or in the RU 106.

[0094] As discussed, the BS radar aiding component 150 is configured to receive a radar sensing request message from a radar transmitter requesting the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter in bistatic radar sensing, transmit a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) grant indicating a radar resource to the radar transmitter in response to receiving the PDCCH grant, receive a radar signal reflection reflected from an object via the radar resource in response to receiving the PDCCH grant, and transmit a radar measurement report message to the radar transmitter in response to receiving the radar signal reflection. The BS radar aiding component 150 may be within one or more processors of one or more of the CU 110, DU 108, and RU 106. The BS radar aiding component 150 may be one or more hardware components specially configured to execute specified processes / algorithms, be implemented by one or more processors configured to execute specified processes / algorithms, be stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or a combination thereof.

[0095] The one or more network entities 104 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the one or more network entities 104 include means for receiving a radar sensing request message from a radar transmitter requesting a radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter in bistatic radar sensing, means for transmitting a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) grant indicating a radar resource to the radar transmitter in response to receiving the PDCCH grant, means for receiving a radar signal reflection reflected from an object via the radar resource in response to receiving the PDCCH grant, and means for transmitting a radar measurement report message to the radar transmitter in response to receiving the radar signal reflection. The means may be a BS radar assistance component 150 of the one or more network entities 104 configured to perform the functions described by the means.

[0096] The particular order or hierarchy of the blocks in the processes and flowcharts disclosed herein is an illustration of an example approach. Thus, the particular order or hierarchy of the blocks in the processes and flowcharts may be rearranged. Some blocks may also be combined or removed. Dashed lines may indicate optional elements in the figures. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in an example order and are not limited to the particular order or hierarchy presented in the claims, processes, and flowcharts.

[0097] The detailed description set forth herein illustrates various configurations in conjunction with the drawings and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough description of the various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts.

[0098] Aspects of wireless communication systems, such as telecommunications systems, are presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, call flows, systems, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using hardware, computer software, and combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0099] An element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements, may be implemented as a "processing system" including one or more processors. Examples of processors include, but are not limited to, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a system-on-chip (SoC), a baseband processor, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a state machine, gating logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other similar hardware configured to perform various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system may execute software, which may be referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. Software shall be interpreted broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0100] If the functions described herein are implemented in software, the functions may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media and may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer. Storage media may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer.

[0101] The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, the aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may be realized via integrated chip implementations and other non-modular component-based devices, such as end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchase devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled devices, machine learning (ML)-enabled devices, etc. The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular components or non-chip-level implementations, and even to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more technologies described herein.

[0102] Devices incorporating aspects and features described herein may also include additional components and functionality for implementing and practicing the claimed aspects and features. For example, transmitting and receiving wireless signals necessarily involves several components for analog and digital purposes, such as hardware components, antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processor(s), interleavers, summers / analog summers, etc. The techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed deployments, aggregated or distributed components, end-user devices, etc. in various configurations.

[0103] The description is provided to enable those skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described in the present invention. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments. Accordingly, the claims should not be limited to the aspects described herein, but should be construed in light of the full scope of the present disclosure consistent with the language of the claims.

[0104] Reference to an element in the singular does not mean "one and only one" unless otherwise specified, but rather "one or more." Terms such as "if," "when," and "while" do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or response. That is, these phrases, e.g., "when," do not imply immediate action upon or during the occurrence of an action; they merely suggest that an action occurs if a condition is met, and do not require a specific or immediate temporal constraint for the action to occur. Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C" or "one or more of A, B, or C" include any combination of A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, and may include multiple As, multiple Bs, and / or multiple Cs, or may include only A, only B, or only C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements where the element is numbered one or more.

[0105] Unless otherwise specified, ordinal terms such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily imply any order in time, sequence, numerical value, or the like, but are used to distinguish between different instances of the term or phrase that follows each ordinal number.

[0106] All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of various embodiments described throughout this disclosure that are known or that will later become known by those skilled in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims. Words such as "module," "mechanism," "element," and "device" may not be substitutes for the word "means." Accordingly, claim elements should not be construed as means-plus-function unless the elements are expressly recited using the phrase "means for." As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" should be interpreted as "based on at least A," where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc., unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0107] The following examples are illustrative only and may be combined with other examples or teachings described herein without limitation. Example 1 is a method of radar sensing assistance in a radar receiver, the method including receiving a configuration message from a radar transmitter that configures the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter in bistatic radar sensing; receiving reflections of radar signals transmitted by the radar transmitter; and transmitting a radar measurement report message to the radar transmitter in response to receiving the reflections of the radar signals.

[0108] Example 2 may be combined with Example 1 and further includes receiving a radar capability query from the radar transmitter; and transmitting a radar capability response to the radar transmitter in response to the radar capability query, the radar capability response indicating radar capabilities supported by the radar receiver for the bistatic radar sensing.

[0109] Example 3 may be combined with Examples 1 to 2, and further includes, after the radar transmitter determines object information from the radar measurement report message, sending a request message to the radar transmitter requesting the radar transmitter to send object information.

[0110] Example 4 may be combined with Examples 1 to 3 and includes wherein the object information includes object position information or object size information. Example 5 may be combined with Examples 1 to 4, and further includes: transmitting a first message to the radar transmitter indicating that the radar receiver is unavailable for the radar sensing assistance; and receiving a second message from the radar transmitter in response to transmitting the first message, ignoring the radar assistance request.

[0111] Example 6 may be combined with Examples 1 to 5, and includes transmitting the first message is triggered by detecting a condition in the radar receiver indicating that the radar receiver is unavailable for the radar sensing assistance.

[0112] Example 7 may be combined with Examples 5 to 6 and includes the condition of the radar receiver being a temperature condition or a battery condition. Example 8 may be combined with Examples 1 to 7 and includes receiving the configuration message includes receiving the configuration message via a radio resource control (RRC) message.

[0113] Example 9 can be combined with Examples 1 to 8; The radar receiver is one of a plurality of radar receivers, and the configuration message includes a group identifier (ID) for identifying the plurality of radar receivers.

[0114] Example 10 may be combined with Examples 1 to 9 and further includes receiving downlink control information (DCI) from the radar transmitter before receiving the reflection, the DCI indicating an indicator of at least one of a downlink frequency resource of the radar signal, a downlink timing resource of the radar signal, or a radar waveform.

[0115] Example 11 may be combined with Example 10, wherein the DCI also includes indicating an uplink resource for transmitting the radar measurement report message. Example 12 may be combined with Examples 1 to 11 and further includes, in response to receiving the configuration message, rejecting the configuration message including an indication that the radar receiver will not provide the radar sensing assistance.

[0116] Example 13 may be combined with Examples 1 to 12, further comprising transmitting a radar sensing request message to the radar transmitter to request the radar sensing assistance. Example 14 may be combined with Examples 1 to 13 and includes the radar transmitter being a network entity and the radar receiver being a user equipment (UE).

[0117] Example 15 is a method of radar sensing assistance in a radar transmitter, the method including: transmitting a configuration message to a radar receiver, the configuration message configuring the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter in bistatic radar sensing; transmitting a radar signal toward a region of interest; and receiving a radar measurement report message from the radar receiver in response to the transmitting of the radar signal.

[0118] Example 16 is a method of radar sensing assistance at a radar transmitter, the method including: transmitting a radar sensing request message to a radar receiver, the radar sensing request message requesting the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter with bistatic radar sensing; receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) grant from the radar receiver in response to the transmitting, the PDCCH grant indicating radar transmission resources; transmitting a radar signal toward a region of interest using the radar transmission resources in response to the receiving; and receiving a radar measurement report message from the radar receiver in response to the transmitting of the radar signal.

[0119] Example 17 may be combined with Example 16 and further includes receiving a radar capability query from the radar receiver; and transmitting a radar capability response to the radar receiver in response to the radar capability query, the radar capability response indicating radar capabilities supported by the radar transmitter for the bistatic radar sensing.

[0120] Example 18 may be combined with Example 17, and further comprising, in response to transmitting the radar sensing request message, receiving a radar sensing response message from the radar receiver indicating that the radar receiver assists the radar transmitter in the bistatic radar sensing.

[0121] Example 19 may be combined with Examples 2, 18-20, and includes the radar capability response including an indication of at least one of: radar waveform parameters indicative of radar waveforms detectable by the radar transmitter; a minimum radar range resolution capability of the radar transmitter; a minimum radar Doppler resolution; a first minimum delay between reception of the PDCCH grant by the radar transmitter and a first time at which the radar transmitter is configured to receive the reflection; or a second minimum delay between the reception of the PDCCH grant and a second time at which the radar transmitter is configured to transmit the measurement report message.

[0122] Example 20 may be combined with Examples 16 to 19 and further includes receiving the PDCCH grant including receiving downlink control information (DCI) indicating the radar transmission resource.

[0123] Example 21 may be combined with Examples 16 to 20 and includes the PDCCH grant including an indicator of at least one of a downlink frequency resource of the radar signal, a downlink timing resource of the radar signal, or a radar waveform.

[0124] Example 22 may be combined with Examples 16 to 21, and includes the PDCCH grant indicating uplink resources for transmission of the radar measurement report message. Example 23 may be combined with Examples 1 to 13 or Examples 16 to 22 and includes the radar measurement report message including an indication of at least one of Doppler velocity, Doppler spread, Doppler shift, or radar signal propagation delay information.

[0125] Example 24 may be combined with Examples 17 to 23 and includes the radar transmitter being a user equipment (UE) and the radar receiver being a network entity. Example 25 is a method of radar sensing assistance in a radar receiver, comprising: receiving a radar sensing request message from a radar transmitter, requesting the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter with bistatic radar sensing; in response to the receiving, transmitting a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) grant to the radar transmitter indicating radar resources; in response to receiving the PDCCH grant, receiving a reflection of a radar signal transmitted by the radar transmitter; and in response to receiving the reflection of the radar signal, transmitting a radar measurement report message to the radar transmitter.

[0126] Example 26 may be combined with any one of the preceding examples and includes the radar signal being an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar signal, a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar signal, or a pulsed radar signal.

[0127] Example 27 may be combined with any one of the preceding examples, and includes the radar signal including a communication component, and the radar receiver demodulating and decoding the communication component. Example 28 is an apparatus for wireless communication including a memory and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 27.

[0128] Example 29 is a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 27.

Claims

1. 1. A method for radar sensing assistance in a radar receiver, comprising: receiving a configuration message from a radar transmitter that configures the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter in bistatic radar sensing; receiving reflections of radar signals transmitted by the radar transmitter; transmitting a radar measurement report message to the radar transmitter in response to the receiving the reflection of the radar signal.

2. receiving a radar capability query from the radar transmitter; 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting a radar capability response to the radar transmitter in response to the radar capability query, the radar capability response indicating radar capabilities supported by the radar receiver for the bistatic radar sensing.

3. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: after the radar transmitter determines object information from the radar measurement report message, transmitting a request message to the radar transmitter requesting the radar transmitter to transmit object information.

4. transmitting a first message to the radar transmitter indicating that the radar receiver is unavailable for the radar sensing assistance; 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, in response to transmitting the first message, a second message from the radar transmitter ignoring a request for radar assistance.

5. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting of the first message is triggered by detecting a condition in the radar receiver that indicates the radar receiver is unavailable for the radar sensing assistance.

6. The state of the radar receiver is: Temperature conditions, or The method according to any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein the state of the battery.

7. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the radar receiver is one of a plurality of radar receivers, and the configuration message includes a group identifier (ID) for identifying the plurality of radar receivers.

8. and receiving, from the radar transmitter before receiving the reflection, downlink control information (DCI), the DCI comprising: a downlink frequency resource of the radar signal; a downlink timing resource of the radar signal; or 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing an indicator of at least one of the radar waveforms.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the DCI further indicates an uplink resource for transmitting the radar measurement report message.

10. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in response to receiving the configuration message, rejecting the configuration message that includes an indication that the radar receiver will not provide the radar sensing assistance.

11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transmitting a radar sensing request message to the radar transmitter to request the radar sensing assistance.

12. The radar functional response includes: radar waveform parameters indicative of radar waveforms detectable by the radar transmitter; a minimum radar range resolution capability of said radar transmitter; Minimum radar Doppler resolution, a first minimum delay between receipt of the PDCCH grant by the radar transmitter and a first time at which the radar transmitter is configured to receive the reflection; or 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: an indication of at least one of: a second minimum delay between the reception of the PDCCH grant and a second time at which the radar transmitter is configured to transmit the measurement report message.

13. 1. A method for radar sensing assistance in a radar transmitter, comprising: transmitting a radar sensing request message to a radar receiver requesting the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter in bistatic radar sensing; receiving, in response to the transmitting, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) grant from the radar receiver indicating a radar transmission resource; In response to the receiving, transmitting a radar signal toward a region of interest using the radar transmission resource; and receiving a radar measurement report message from the radar receiver in response to the transmitting of the radar signal.

14. 1. A method for radar sensing assistance in a radar receiver, comprising: receiving a radar sensing request message from a radar transmitter requesting the radar receiver to assist the radar transmitter with bistatic radar sensing; In response to receiving, transmitting a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) grant to the radar transmitter indicating radar resources; receiving a reflection of a radar signal transmitted by the radar transmitter in response to receiving the PDCCH grant; transmitting a radar measurement report message to the radar transmitter in response to the receiving the reflection of the radar signal.

15. 15. An apparatus for wireless communication comprising a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to said memory and said transceiver, said apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 14.

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