High-contrast solid-state adaptive headlights

Abstract

The solid-state headlight comprises: a light-emitting diode light source; an illumination microlens; a projection microlens; a collimating optical component disposed between the light-emitting diode light source and the illumination microlens; a metal layer disposed between the illumination microlens and the projection microlens, the metal layer having an aperture; a high-reflectivity coating disposed between the metal layer and the illumination microlens, the high-reflectivity coating having a reflectivity of at least about 80%; and a low-reflectivity coating disposed between the metal layer and the projection microlens, the low-reflectivity coating having a reflectivity of at most about 20%.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] [CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS] This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. Non-provisional Patent Application No. 18 / 329,028, entitled "High Contrast Solid-State Adaptive Headlight," filed on June 5, 2023, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 382,777, entitled "High Contrast Solid-State Adaptive Headlight," filed on November 8, 2022, and which also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 486,796, entitled "High Contrast Solid-State Adaptive Headlight," filed on February 24, 2023, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0002] This application also claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 382,777, filed November 8, 2022, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0003] This application also claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 486,796, filed February 24, 2023, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0004] This document relates to high contrast solid state adaptive headlights. [Background technology]

[0005] Various techniques have been used in the past to control the light distribution from vehicle headlights. Some of the most advanced prior approaches involved solid-state headlights. While such approaches offered certain advantages over earlier technologies, they could produce stray light and / or glare within the light distribution, and could be associated with overheating or peeling. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In one aspect, a solid-state headlight comprises: a light-emitting diode light source; an illumination microlens; a projection microlens; a collimating optic disposed between the light-emitting diode light source and the illumination microlens; a metal layer disposed between the illumination microlens and the projection microlens, the metal layer having an aperture; a high-reflectivity coating disposed between the metal layer and the illumination microlens, the high-reflectivity coating having a reflectivity of at least about 80%; and a low-reflectivity coating disposed between the metal layer and the projection microlens, the low-reflectivity coating having a reflectivity of at most about 20%.

[0007] Implementations may include any or all of the following features: The illumination microlens has a single layer of polymer or glass material. The illumination microlens has a polymer or glass layer facing the collimation optics and a polymer layer between the polymer or glass layer and the high-reflectivity coating. The illumination microlens has a first polymer layer facing the collimation optics and a glass or polymer layer between the first polymer layer and the high-reflectivity coating. The solid-state headlight further includes a second polymer layer between the high-reflectivity coating and the glass layer. The projection microlens has a single layer of polymer or glass material. The projection microlens has a polymer and a glass layer between the polymer and the low-reflectivity coating. The high-reflectivity coating has multiple layers. The low-reflectivity coating has multiple layers. The high-reflectivity coating has a reflectivity of at least about 90%. The low-reflectivity coating has a reflectivity of at most about 5%. The solid-state headlight has a single channel. The solid-state headlight includes a plurality of channels, the illumination microlenses are included in an illumination microlens array, the projection microlenses are included in a projection microlens array, the high-reflectivity coating includes a metallic coating or a dielectric coating, or a combination thereof, and the low-reflectivity coating includes a metallic coating or a dielectric coating, or a combination thereof. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 shows an example of a channel for a high contrast solid-state adaptive headlight.

[0009] [Figure 2] 1 shows an example of a schematic setup for a high contrast solid-state adaptive headlight.

[0010] [Figure 3]1 shows an example of a high contrast solid-state adaptive headlight stack.

[0011] [Figure 4] 1 shows another example of a high contrast solid state adaptive headlight stack.

[0012] [Figure 5] 1 shows another example of a high contrast solid state adaptive headlight stack.

[0013] [Figure 6] 1 shows an example of the light distribution of a high-contrast solid-state adaptive headlight.

[0014] Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] This document describes example systems and techniques for improving solid-state adaptive headlights to improve the contrast of a ranging module, reduce stray light, and reduce glare. In some implementations, the metal aperture layer of a solid-state adaptive headlight may be provided with a high-reflectivity dielectric / metal coating facing the illumination side and a low-reflectivity coating (e.g., a metal coating or a combination of metal and dielectric coatings, where the dielectric coating can be a layer or a layer stack of different dielectric coating materials) facing the projection side. This can reduce heat buildup on the illumination side and can reduce stray light on the projection side, thereby reducing the amount of glare. Therefore, having at least one coating on each of the opposing sides of the metal aperture layer modulates the reflection generated by the headlight, improving performance.

[0016] Examples herein refer to vehicles. A vehicle is a machine that transports passengers, cargo, or both. A vehicle may have one or more motors that use at least one type of fuel or other energy source (e.g., electricity). Examples of vehicles include, but are not limited to, cars, trucks, and buses. The number of wheels may vary between vehicle types, and one or more (e.g., all) of the wheels may be used to propel the vehicle, or the vehicle may be unpowered (e.g., when a trailer is attached to another vehicle). A vehicle may include a passenger compartment that accommodates one or more people.

[0017] Examples described herein refer to top, bottom, front, side, or back. These and similar expressions identify things or aspects in a relative manner based on an explicit or arbitrary notion of perspective. That is, these terms are merely exemplary and are used for purposes of explanation and do not necessarily indicate the only possible positions, orientations, etc.

[0018] 1 illustrates an example of a high-contrast solid-state adaptive headlight channel 100. Channel 100 may be used with one or more other examples described elsewhere herein. In summary, channel 100 illustrates one example in which a solid-state headlight according to the present disclosure may include a single channel.

[0019] Channel 100 operates with collimated light 102, represented here diagrammatically as an arrow of light entering channel 100. Collimated light 102 may be generated by one or more light sources, including but not limited to one or more light emitting diode (LED) devices, and may be collimated using one or more collimating optics devices.

[0020] Channel 100 includes an illumination lens 104 and a projection lens 106 with a metal aperture stack 108 therebetween. Metal aperture stack 108 is intended to prevent the transmission of any light and includes at least one aperture 110. Metal aperture stack 108 provides increasing reflectivity toward illumination lens 104 and decreasing reflectivity toward projection lens 106, which may provide advantages, for example, as described herein.

[0021] The channel 100 may have improved operability and durability. In some implementations, the high reflectivity side of the metal aperture stack 108 may reduce absorption (e.g., by avoiding delamination or overheating), thereby reducing degradation of the channel 100. For example, light 112 of the collimated light 102 may pass through the aperture 110, and any remaining portion of the collimated light 102 may be substantially reflected by the metal aperture stack 108. That is, the light may be reflected back toward the source of the collimated light 102, where a heat sink may be placed, rather than being absorbed in the metal aperture stack 108, from which heat may leak solely through thermal conduction.

[0022] The channel 100 can reduce glare by avoiding stray light. In some implementations, the low-reflectivity side of the metal aperture stack 108 can prevent light reflection. For example, light 112′ exits the projection lens 106 when light 112 enters the end 114. If light 112″ is backscattered and reflected at the end 114 (due to Fresnel reflection), it can be reflected at the metal aperture stack 108 and exit the channel 100 as stray light 116. For example, backscattering can occur as a result of the material or surface of the projection lens 106 or due to the presence of dust or impurities or surface roughness. The stray light 116 may have a different direction than the light 112′ and thus cause glare from the channel 100. However, the low-reflectivity side of the metal aperture stack 108 can reduce or eliminate the occurrence of stray light 116, thereby improving the contrast in the light 112′.

[0023] 2 shows an example schematic setup of a high-contrast solid-state adaptive headlight 200. Headlight 200 can be used with one or more other examples described elsewhere herein. In summary, headlight 200 shows an example in which a solid-state headlight according to the present disclosure can include multiple channels.

[0024] Headlight 200 includes a light source 202, such as, but not limited to, an LED array. Headlight 200 includes collimation optics 204. For example, collimation optics 204 include one or more optical elements that collimate incident light, such as by reducing beam divergence. Headlight 200 includes an illumination microlens array (MLA) 206 having MLA lenslets 208 that pre-shape the intensity distribution of light from light source 202. MLA lenslets 208 may include a one-dimensional array (e.g., cylindrical lenses) or a two-dimensional array of microlenses, which may be identical to one another or different. For example, MLA lenslets 208 may all have the same shape or may have different shapes. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the described MLA and / or one or more other aspects of the headlight may be construed according to examples described in U.S. Pat. No. 10,232,763, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Headlight 200 includes a metal aperture stack 210 to allow some of the light from light source 202 to pass through and block the remainder of the light. Metal aperture stack 210 has a high-reflectivity coating facing toward MLA lenslets 208. In some implementations, the high-reflectivity coating has a reflectivity of at least about 80%. For example, the reflectivity can be at least about 90%.

[0025] Headlight 200 includes a projection MLA 212 with MLA lenslets 214 that shape the intensity distribution of light transmitted by metal aperture stack 210. MLA lenslets 214 may include an array of microlenses that may be identical to one another or different. For example, MLA lenslets 214 may all have the same shape or may have different shapes. Metal aperture stack 210 has a low-reflectivity coating facing the MLA lenslets 214. In some implementations, the low-reflectivity coating has a reflectivity of up to about 20%. For example, this reflectivity may be up to about 5%.

[0026] The above-exemplified headlight 200 structure, in which the metal aperture stack 210 has respective high-reflectivity and low-reflectivity coatings, meets any of several process requirements that may be applied to headlight design and manufacturing. For example, the headlight 200 meets required performance criteria for structuring techniques (e.g., etching, ablation, or lift-off), bonding, and oxygen diffusion (e.g., to avoid oxidation of the metal in the metal aperture stack 210). The headlamp may be designed so that most of the light passes through the aperture stack opening. This may be achieved by optimizing the collimator dispersion and exit angle of the collimated light and by the MLA illumination lenslets 206.

[0027] FIG. 3 shows an example of a stack 300 for a high-contrast solid-state adaptive headlight. Stack 300 can be used with one or more other examples described elsewhere herein. The top of stack 300 is designed to face the light source (e.g., providing collimated light from an LED array). Light 302 enters stack 300 from the light source and is represented here schematically as an arrow. Stack 300 includes an illumination MLA 304. In some implementations, illumination MLA 304 includes a layer of polymer (e.g., plastic or epoxy) and / or glass, which includes lenslets. For example, illumination MLA 304 can include lenslets of the same or different shapes / sizes. Illumination MLA 304 is both transmissive and refractive. Thus, stack 300 can include illumination microlenses (e.g., compression-molded or injection-molded, etched, embossed, or imprinted lens arrays) that include a single layer of polymer or glass material. In some implementations, stack 300 can have an epoxy layer on illumination MLA 304. For example, if a plastic insert / overmolding is used, the adhesive / epoxy layer can be omitted; stack 300 can have plastic lenses on both sides and a metal layer in the middle connected to each other. Although adhesive bonding can lead to thickness deviations from the lenslet to the aperture, in some implementations, illumination MLA 304 can be glued toward the projection side because placement requirements can be lowered.

[0028] The stack 300 has a high-reflectivity coating 306 facing toward (e.g., in contact with) the illumination MLA 304. The high-reflectivity coating 306 may include one or more layers and may have a thickness selected based on the wavelength of the light 302. For example, the thickness of the high-reflectivity coating 306 may be about half the wavelength of the light 302. The high-reflectivity coating 306 may have a reflectivity of at least about 80%, such as at least about 90%. Due to the high-reflectivity coating 306, light 302′ of the light 302 is reflected toward the illumination side in areas where no aperture 307 is present. To allow some of the light 302 to be transmitted, the stack 300 has a metal layer 308 that includes one or more apertures, including, but not limited to, aperture 307 (i.e., where no high-reflectivity coating 306 is present). Metal layer 308 (with or without high-reflectivity coating 306 and / or low-reflectivity coating 310, described below) can be formed using any of several techniques that produce a relatively thin metal layer with apertures. In some implementations, metal layer 308 (with or without high-reflectivity coating 306 and / or low-reflectivity coating 310) is stamped from a metal sheet. As such, in some implementations, coating can be performed before or after stamping.

[0029] The stack 300 includes a low-reflectivity coating 310 on the metal layer 308 on the opposite side from the high-reflectivity coating 306. The low-reflectivity coating 310 can include one or more layers. The low-reflectivity coating 310 can be a dielectric or metal coating, or a combination of both. For example, a base metal layer with a high absorption coefficient and a single dielectric layer or a dielectric layer stack as an anti-reflective coating can be used. The low-reflectivity coating 310 can have a thickness selected based on the wavelength of the light 302. For example, the metal layer component of the low-reflectivity coating 310 can be about 50 nanometers (nm) or greater for visible light, and the dielectric layer component of the low-reflectivity coating 310 can be about ¼ the wavelength of the light 302. The low-reflectivity coating 310 can have a reflectivity of up to about 20%, such as up to about 5%.

[0030] Stack 300 includes projection MLA 312, which may have essentially the same or different composition as illumination MLA 304. In some implementations, projection MLA 312 includes a layer of polymer (e.g., plastic or epoxy) or glass, which includes lenslets. For example, projection MLA 312 may include lenslets of the same or different shapes / sizes. Thus, stack 300 may include projection microlenses (e.g., compression-molded or injection-molded, etched, embossed, or imprinted lens arrays) that include a single layer of polymer or glass material. Metal layer 308 and low-reflectivity coating 310 may be deposited directly onto projection MLA 312 (e.g., polymer or glass material). Light 314 may travel through projection MLA 312 toward low-reflectivity coating 310. For example, light 314 may result from internal (Fresnel) back reflections of the MLA lens or reflections / stray light from other components of the headlight in which stack 300 is used. Due to the low-reflectivity coating 310, light 314' of light 314 is transmitted forward through stack 300. As indicated generally by the relative thickness of the arrows, light 314' may be a small portion of light 314. As shown in this example, the sizes of lights 302 and 302' on the one hand, and lights 314 and 314' on the other hand, are not necessarily comparable to one another, drawn to scale, or otherwise indicative of their relative amounts. Thus, this example illustrates that reducing glare from headlights can reduce the amount of stray light.

[0031] 4 shows another example of a high-contrast solid-state adaptive headlight stack 400. Stack 400 may be used with one or more of the other examples described elsewhere herein. Some aspects of stack 400 may be similar or identical to those of stack 300 (FIG. 3) and will not be described in detail.

[0032] The stack 400 may include a polymer layer 402 (e.g., an adhesive layer) between the illumination MLA 304 and the high-reflectivity coating 306. In some implementations, the polymer layer 402 includes an epoxy material. For example, an acrylic polymer may be used. The metal layer 308, with or without all or a portion of the high-reflectivity coating 306 and / or low-reflectivity coating 310, may be formed using any of several techniques to produce a relatively thin metal / dielectric layer with apertures. In some implementations, the metal layer 308, with or without all or a portion of the high-reflectivity coating 306 and / or low-reflectivity coating 310, is formed by a wafer-scale material deposition process (e.g., physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD)) in combination with a lithography step (e.g., photolithography to realize a photoresist pattern) in combination with an etching or lift-off process (to transfer a resist pattern to the metal layer (with or without all or a portion of the high-reflectivity coating 306 and / or low-reflectivity coating 310)). Therefore, in some implementations, a dielectric coating may be created after the metal coating is structured. For example, this may affect etching behavior. In some implementations, the metal layer 308 and low-reflectivity coating 310 may be placed directly onto the projection MLA 312 (e.g., a polymer or glass material).

[0033] 5 shows another example of a high-contrast solid-state adaptive headlight stack 500. The stack 500 may be used with one or more of the other examples described elsewhere herein. For example, some features of the stack 500 may be similar to or identical to those of the stack 400 in FIG. 4 and / or the stack 300 in FIG. 3. Only some differences are described below.

[0034] The illumination MLA 304 may include a polymer layer 505A and a glass or polymer layer 505B. In some implementations, the polymer layer 505A may face the collimating optics. For example, the polymer layer 505A may include a plastic material (e.g., epoxy). The glass or polymer layer 505B is disposed between the polymer layer 505A and the metal layer 308, such as between the polymer layer 505A and the polymer layer 402. For example, lenslets may be formed in the polymer layer 505A (e.g., by imprinting).

[0035] The high-reflectivity coating 306 can include multiple layers. Here, layers 509-1 through 509-N are shown, where N=2, 3, .... The layers 509-1 through 509-N can include the same material as each other, or at least one of the layers 509-1 through 509-N can have a different material. The layers 509-1 through 509-N can have the same thickness as each other, or at least one of the layers 509-1 through 509-N can have a different thickness.

[0036] The low-reflectivity coating 310 can include multiple layers. Here, layers 513-1 through 513-M are shown, where M=2, 3, .... The layers 513-1 through 513-M can include the same material as each other, or at least one of the layers 513-1 through 513-M can have a different material. The layers 513-1 through 513-M can have the same thickness as each other, or at least one of the layers 513-1 through 513-M can have a different thickness.

[0037] The projection MLA 312 may include a glass or polymer layer 515A and a polymer layer 515B. For example, the polymer layer 515B may include a plastic material (e.g., epoxy). The glass or polymer layer 515A may be positioned adjacent to the low-reflectivity coating 310. For example, lenslets may be formed in the polymer layer 515B.

[0038] 6 shows an example of a high-contrast solid-state adaptive headlight light distribution 600. Light distribution 600 may be used with one or more of the other examples described elsewhere herein. For example, any headlight described herein may be designed to have light distribution 600.

[0039] Light distribution 600 is characterized in part by a cutoff line 602 that divides light distribution 600 into areas 604 and 606. In some implementations, area 604 may be referred to as an upper area, and area 606 may be referred to as a lower area. For example, automotive regulations may specify a limit on the light intensity within area 604. Thus, a headlight designer may wish to maximize the light intensity within area 606 while not exceeding the maximum intensity within area 604 (e.g., to maximize the contrast ratio between areas 604 and 606 to 1:500, 1:200, etc.).

[0040] In one use case, light distribution 600 may be generated by one module of a headlight. Light distribution 600 includes one or more intensity areas 608 within area 606. For example, the light intensity in one of the intensity areas 608 may be higher or lower than the light intensity in one or more other of the light intensity areas 608. In contrast, potential glare area 610 is located within area 604 (i.e., across light intensity area 608 from cutoff line 602). As such, light within potential glare area 610 may potentially cause glare to oncoming drivers or pedestrians. In some implementations, the light intensity within potential glare area 610 should be minimized without sacrificing the light intensity within light intensity area 608 to comply with applicable regulations. The subject headlight can provide a higher maximum value within light intensity area 608 while still maintaining an acceptably low level of stray light within potential glare area 610.

[0041] As used throughout this specification, the terms "substantially" and "about" are used to describe and take into account small variations, such as those due to variations in processing. For example, they can refer to less than or equal to ±5%, such as less than or equal to ±2%, such as less than or equal to ±1%, such as less than or equal to ±0.5%, such as less than or equal to ±0.2%, such as less than or equal to ±0.1%, such as less than or equal to ±0.05%. Also, as used herein, indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" mean "at least one."

[0042] It is understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts, and additional concepts described in more detail below, (provided that such concepts are not mutually inconsistent) are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. In particular, all combinations of claimed subject matter appearing at the end of this disclosure are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein.

[0043] Although multiple implementations have been described, it will nevertheless be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the specification.

[0044] Additionally, the logic flows depicted in the figures do not require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. Additionally, other processes may be provided or processes may be eliminated from the described flows, and other components may be added to or removed from the described systems. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

[0045] While certain features of the described implementations have been shown and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art. It should therefore be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and variations that fall within the scope of these implementations. It should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation, and that various changes in form and detail may be made. Except for mutually exclusive combinations, any portions of the apparatus and / or methods described herein may be combined in any combination. The implementations described herein may include various combinations and / or subcombinations of the functions, components, and / or features of the different implementations described. (Other possible items) (Item 1) Light-emitting diode light source; Illumination microlenses; Projection microlenses; a collimating optic disposed between the light emitting diode light source and the illumination microlens; a metal layer disposed between the illumination microlens and the projection microlens, the metal layer having an aperture; a high-reflectivity coating disposed between the metal layer and the illumination microlens, the high-reflectivity coating having a reflectivity of at least about 80%; and a low-reflectivity coating disposed between the metal layer and the projection microlens, the low-reflectivity coating having a reflectivity of up to about 20%; Solid state headlights. (Item 2) Item 2. The solid-state headlight according to item 1, wherein the illumination microlenses have a single layer of polymer material or glass material. (Item 3) 3. The solid-state headlight according to item 1 or 2, wherein the illumination microlens has a polymer layer or a glass layer facing the collimating optical component, and a polymer layer between the polymer layer or the glass layer and the high-reflectivity coating. (Item 4) 3. The solid-state headlight of claim 1 or 2, wherein the illumination microlens has a first polymer layer facing the collimating optics and a glass or polymer layer between the first polymer layer and the high-reflectivity coating. (Item 5) Item 5. The solid-state headlight of item 4, further comprising a second polymer layer between the high-reflectivity coating and the glass layer. (Item 6) 6. The solid-state headlight of any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the projection microlenses have a single layer of polymer material or glass material. (Item 7) 7. The solid-state headlight of any one of items 1 to 6, wherein the projection microlens comprises a polymer layer and a glass layer between the polymer layer and the low-reflectivity coating. (Item 8) 8. The solid-state headlight of any one of items 1 to 7, wherein the high-reflectivity coating has multiple layers. (Item 9) 9. The solid-state headlight of any one of items 1 to 8, wherein the low-reflectivity coating has multiple layers. (Item 10) 10. The solid-state headlight of any one of items 1 to 9, wherein the high reflectance coating has a reflectance of at least about 90%. (Item 11) 11. The solid-state headlight of any one of items 1 to 10, wherein the low-reflectivity coating has a reflectivity of at most about 5%. (Item 12) 12. The solid-state headlight of any one of items 1 to 11, wherein the solid-state headlight comprises a single channel. (Item 13) 13. The solid-state headlight of any one of items 1 to 12, wherein the solid-state headlight comprises a plurality of channels, the illumination microlenses are included in an illumination microlens array, and the projection microlenses are included in a projection microlens array. (Item 14) 14. The solid-state headlight of any one of items 1 to 13, wherein the high-reflectivity coating comprises a metallic coating or a dielectric coating, or a combination thereof. (Item 15) 15. The solid-state headlight of any one of items 1 to 14, wherein the low-reflectivity coating comprises a metallic coating or a dielectric coating, or a combination thereof.

Claims

1. Light-emitting diode light source; Illumination microlenses; Projection microlenses; a collimating optic disposed between the light emitting diode light source and the illumination microlens; a metal layer disposed between the illumination microlens and the projection microlens, the metal layer having an aperture; a high-reflectivity coating disposed between the metal layer and the illumination microlens, the high-reflectivity coating having a reflectivity of at least about 80%; and a low-reflectivity coating disposed between the metal layer and the projection microlens, the low-reflectivity coating having a reflectivity of up to about 20%; Solid state headlights.

2. The solid-state headlight of claim 1 , wherein the illumination microlens comprises a single layer of a polymer material or a glass material.

3. The solid-state headlight of claim 1 , wherein the illumination microlens comprises a polymer or glass layer facing the collimating optic and a polymer layer between the polymer or glass layer and the high-reflectivity coating.

4. 2. The solid-state headlight of claim 1, wherein the illumination microlens comprises a first polymer layer facing the collimating optic and a glass or polymer layer between the first polymer layer and the high-reflectivity coating.

5. The solid-state headlight of claim 4 , further comprising a second polymer layer between the high-reflectivity coating and the glass layer.

6. The solid-state headlight of claim 1 , wherein the projection microlens comprises a single layer of a polymer material or a glass material.

7. The solid-state headlight of claim 1 , wherein the projection microlens comprises a polymer layer and a glass layer between the polymer layer and the low-reflectivity coating.

8. The solid-state headlight of claim 1 , wherein the high-reflectivity coating comprises multiple layers.

9. The solid-state headlight of claim 1 , wherein the low-reflectivity coating comprises multiple layers.

10. The solid-state headlight of claim 1 , wherein the high-reflectivity coating has a reflectivity of at least about 90%.

11. The solid-state headlight of claim 1 , wherein the low-reflectivity coating has a reflectivity of at most about 5%.

12. The solid-state headlight of claim 1 , wherein the solid-state headlight comprises a single channel.

13. 10. The solid-state headlight of claim 1, wherein the solid-state headlight comprises a plurality of channels, the illumination microlenses are included in an illumination microlens array, and the projection microlenses are included in a projection microlens array.

14. 14. The solid-state headlight of claim 1, wherein the high reflectivity coating comprises a metallic coating or a dielectric coating, or a combination thereof.

15. 14. The solid-state headlight of claim 1, wherein the low-reflectivity coating comprises a metallic coating or a dielectric coating, or a combination thereof.

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