Information transmission method, communication device, and storage medium

Abstract

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Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application is based on and claims priority from a Chinese patent application having application number 202211520098.4 and filing date November 30, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications technology, particularly, but not exclusively, to information transmission methods, communications devices, and storage media. [Background technology]

[0003] In a scenario where a wireless communication system is connected to a large number of terminals (User Equipment, UE), the wireless communication system needs to transmit information to a large number of terminals. In a conventional information transmission method, the terminal can transmit information to the system (or base station) only when it is in a connected state, and before each information transmission, the terminal needs to perform complex signaling interactions with the base station, which significantly increases the power consumption of the terminal and the signaling overhead of the system.

[0004] Furthermore, to ensure that the spectral efficiency of each terminal's data transmission is not too low, it is necessary to improve the spectral efficiency by increasing the order of the modulation scheme. In related technologies, a commonly adopted high-order modulation scheme is Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), such as 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM. However, these high-order modulation schemes can only ensure performance if channel estimation is accurate. If the channel estimation error is large, distortion occurs in the constellation during demodulation, which leads to degradation of demodulation performance and further complicates the realization of high-spectral-efficiency data transmission. Therefore, how to achieve high-spectral-efficiency data transmission for a large number of terminals while reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead is an urgent issue that needs to be resolved. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide an information transmission method, communication device, and storage medium, which can not only reduce terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead, but also support realizing high-spectrum-efficiency information transmission for a large number of first communication nodes. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] JPEG2025538667000002.jpg203170JPEG2025538667000003.jpg87170

[0007] JPEG2025538667000004.jpg159170JPEG2025538667000005.jpg135170

[0008] According to a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, the communication device including at least one processor and at least one memory, the memory being used to store at least one program, and when the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor, realizing the information transmission method described above.

[0009] According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, the computer-executable instructions being used to perform the information transmission method described above.

[0010] According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product including a computer program or computer instructions, the computer program or the computer instructions being stored in a computer-readable storage medium, a processor of a computing device reading the computer program or the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executing the computer program or the computer instructions to cause the computing device to perform the information transmission method described above. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] JPEG2025538667000006.jpg105170 [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] 1 is a constellation corresponding to 64QAM modulation symbols according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 2] 1 is a flowchart of an information transmission method according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3] 3 is a flowchart of a specific method of step S110 in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] 4 is a flowchart of an information transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first constellation model and a second constellation model according to one embodiment of the present application; [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation before and after channel rotation scaling according to one embodiment of the present application; [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of dividing a region on a two-dimensional plane coordinate system according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation according to one embodiment of the present application; [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation according to another embodiment of the present application; [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation according to another embodiment of the present application; [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation according to another embodiment of the present application; [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation according to another embodiment of the present application; [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation according to another embodiment of the present application; [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation according to another embodiment of the present application; [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation according to another embodiment of the present application; [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation according to another embodiment of the present application; [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation according to another embodiment of the present application; [Figure 18] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation according to another embodiment of the present application; [Figure 19] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a PAM constellation according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 20] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a PAM constellation according to another embodiment of the present application. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a third constellation model according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 22] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a third constellation model according to another embodiment of the present application; [Figure 23] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a communication device according to one embodiment of the present application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. The specific examples described herein are only used to interpret the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0014] It should be noted that while a logical order is depicted in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different from that depicted in the flowchart. In the specification, claims, and description of the drawings, "plurality" means two or more, and "greater than," "less than," "more than," etc. are understood to be exclusive, and "greater than," "less than," "less than," "within," etc. are understood to be inclusive. References to "first," "second," etc. are merely for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance, or as implying the number of technical features indicated, or as implying the context of the technical features indicated.

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[0016] In the following, we will first specifically explain why the signaling overhead of the system (base station or access point (AP)) is large and the power consumption of the terminal is high in the conventional information transmission method.

[0017] In the related art, when a terminal performs uplink information transmission or uplink data transmission, the terminal (i.e., UE) must be in a connected state, which may also be referred to as a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state. However, since a terminal in a connected state generally does not have dedicated uplink transmission resources, a terminal in a connected state must first request uplink transmission resources from the system before each information transmission. To achieve this, a terminal in a connected state transmits information such as a scheduling request (SR) or a buffer status report (BSR) to the system before each information transmission. Only after obtaining an uplink resource grant from the system can the terminal transmit information on the time-frequency resources granted by the system. As can be seen from the above, a terminal needs to complete many operations in advance to complete one conventional uplink information transmission, which undoubtedly increases the terminal's power consumption and also increases the signaling overhead of the system. If the information packet (or data packet) that a terminal transmits in one uplink transmission is not very large, for example, in many Internet of Things scenarios and some Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) scenarios, the information packet that a terminal transmits in one uplink transmission is generally only several tens to 200 bytes. In this case, if the terminal is required to reuse the necessary operations before transmitting the uplink information in the prior art, the transmission efficiency will be very low.

[0018] Furthermore, for power saving purposes, when there is no service, the terminal generally does not establish a constant connection with the system (i.e., the terminal is not connected to the system or the connection between the terminal and the system is disconnected), i.e., the terminal is in an unconnected state (here, any of a Non Connected state, a Non RRC Connected state, a Connectionless state, a Connection-free state, a Disconnected state, etc., can represent an unconnected state). An idle state or an inactive state may be considered equivalent to an unconnected state. Alternatively, an idle state or an inactive state may be considered as an unconnected state.

[0019] When a terminal is originally in an unconnected state (i.e., has not yet entered a connected state or has not yet established a connection with the system), using the uplink information transmission method in the related art, in order to transmit information, the terminal must first establish a connection with the system before transmitting. Only after entering a connected state (which may also be called an active state), can the terminal further request uplink transmission resources from the system (e.g., a base station or an access point), and only after obtaining system resource authorization can the terminal perform the actual information transmission process. A random access process is required for the terminal to enter a connected state from an unconnected state, and this random access process requires multiple interaction flows between the terminal and the base station, including, for example, the following interaction flow: The terminal sends a preamble (Preamble), i.e., Message 1; the base station sends a Random Access Response (RAR), i.e., Message 2; the terminal sends second layer (Layer 2, L2) or third layer (Layer 3, L3) control information, i.e., Message 3; and the base station sends information 4 (i.e., Message 4). The random access process will undoubtedly significantly increase the power consumption incurred by the terminal each time it transmits information, and will also significantly increase the signaling overhead of the system.

[0020] If the above-mentioned uplink information transmission method is reused, when the number of terminals that need to transmit information is large, and a large number of terminals need to enter a connected state before transmitting information, a large number of terminals will enter a random access process, which will increase the probability of collision or blocking occurring in the random access process. Therefore, most terminals need to make multiple random access attempts to successfully enter a connected state. Finally, the terminal will consume more energy to complete the task of information transmission, and the transmission delay will also increase significantly.

[0021] Furthermore, related technology also includes another uplink information transmission method, namely, semi-persistent scheduling (SPS), which aims to reduce the physical control signaling overhead and delay of small information grouping services and is well suited to periodic services, such as voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). VoIP has a constant data rate during a talk spurt, generating one voice packet every 20 ms. Since the average duration of each talk spurt is 1-2 seconds, each talk spurt contains 50-100 voice packets. Small-scale fading during this period is compensated for by closed-loop power control, thereby ensuring that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the receiving signal remains constant. Therefore, the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) during this period may remain unchanged, and the allocated physical resources may remain unchanged or hop based on a fixed rule. Therefore, no dynamic signaling is required for uplink information transmission. SPS can also be considered a semi-statically configured extension, primarily used for small packet services with periodic, fixed-size information packets. SPS generally operates in the RRC Connected state, meaning that the terminal has already completed the initial random access process. Although the scheduling frequency is much lower than the arrival frequency of information groupings, SPS is essentially non-contention-based, meaning that resource conflicts do not occur between different terminals, such as pilot (or reference signal) conflicts. In 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) systems, advanced SPS can be used in Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC) scenarios, ensuring high reliability while reducing terminal-plane latency.The SPS in this case is called a configured grant, i.e., a pre-configured resource grant. The configured grant may be a special grant-free or scheduling-free scheme, thereby avoiding the need for a "dynamic grant request" or "dynamic scheduling request" each time uplink information is transmitted. Therefore, the configured grant is essentially "dynamic grant-free" or "dynamic scheduling-free." In such an SPS-based "dynamic scheduling-free" scheme, the transmission resources of different terminals are not acquired by the terminals in a "contention-free" manner but are essentially pre-configured by the base station. Therefore, the SPS-based "dynamic scheduling-free" scheme can be referred to as "non-contention-free." Most importantly, in such non-contention-free scheduling-free schemes, reference signals can generally be pre-configured by the base station to avoid "collisions." For example, the base station can ensure that reference signals transmitted on the same time-frequency resource are orthogonal.

[0022] Although pre-configured scheduling-free schemes such as SPS or configured grant can reduce the physical control signaling overhead of uplink transmission, the spectral efficiency of the system remains low when the SPS scheme is used to realize information transmission by a large number of terminals. For example, a terminal requests periodic transmission resources in one cell for a certain period. If a handover occurs during this process, the terminal needs to request a new pre-configured transmission resource in the newly entered cell and notify the distant cell to release its pre-configured transmission resource. The terminal's request for a new transmission resource in the newly entered cell is a complicated process, and typically requires a random access process in the newly entered cell, which significantly increases the terminal's power consumption. Even for stationary terminals or nodes that do not move, changes in their surrounding environment are likely to occur over a long period of time, which also leads to handover, especially for terminals or nodes at the edge of a cell. Therefore, although the SPS pre-configuration mechanism can realize permission-free or scheduling-free transmission, it is not suitable for application scenarios in which a large number of terminals transmit information, i.e., for massive connection scenarios.

[0023] In a scenario where a wireless communication system is connected to a large number of terminals (i.e., a massive connection scenario), the wireless communication system needs to transmit information to a large number of terminals. As can be seen from the above analysis, in a conventional information transmission method, the terminal needs to enter a connection state before transmitting information. Especially in a massive connection scenario, the power consumption of the terminal increases significantly, and the signaling overhead of the system also increases, increasing the complexity of information transmission and further reducing the spectral efficiency of the system. Therefore, a method of transmitting information when the terminal is in an unconnected state plays an important role in reducing the power consumption of the terminal and the signaling overhead of the system.

[0024] In order for a terminal to transmit data or information with as little power consumption as possible and to reduce system signaling overhead, it is most desirable for the terminal to always be maintained in an unconnected state, i.e., an idle state or an inactive state, when there is no transmission task. In this way, the terminal can be in a deep sleep state and turn off all circuits related to transmission. When it needs to transmit data or information, a terminal in an unconnected state (or an idle state or an inactive state) can autonomously start information transmission directly without having to establish a connection with the system in advance or request a base station or access node to allocate uplink transmission resources, i.e., without requiring the granting and scheduling of uplink transmission resources. Because the terminal completes information transmission in the unconnected state, after completing the information transmission, the terminal does not need to perform a connection release operation and can quickly enter an unconnected state or an idle state (i.e., a deep sleep state), which is almost like device shutdown. In this way, terminal information transmission in the unconnected state can be simplified, which is advantageous for improving system spectral efficiency and reducing terminal power consumption.

[0025] According to the above analysis, a terminal can autonomously determine the time to transmit information in an unconnected state and then directly transmit the information, without needing to notify a base station (or access point, or system) before transmitting the information or requesting transmission resources from the base station. In this way, the base station does not need to arrange dedicated time-frequency resources for information transmission of each terminal, or arrange different time-frequency resources for information transmission of each terminal, and the terminals can autonomously transmit information directly to the base station on a single pre-configured common transmission resource. However, because information transmission is autonomously initiated by the terminal, the base station cannot control the active terminals and the number of terminals in each information transmission process, and the base station only needs to detect and decode the transmission information of each terminal from the received signal.

[0026] However, the adoption of such a connectionless information transmission method has shortcomings. When a terminal is in a connectionless state, the pilot (or reference signal) included when the terminal transmits information to a base station can be autonomously selected or generated by the terminal. Here, autonomously selecting a pilot refers to determining a pilot from a preset pilot set, and autonomously generating a pilot refers to the terminal generating a pilot according to a preset rule or formula. Because the reference signal is autonomously selected by the terminal, different terminals may select the same reference signal, i.e., reference signal collision may occur. When there are a large number of terminals (high overload), the probability of reference signal collision is very high. When reference signal collision occurs, it is difficult for the base station to separate different terminals using reference signals. To reduce reference signal collision and interference and to estimate the channel and time-frequency offset, the reference signal needs to be increased many times, i.e., the reference signal sequence becomes many times longer, which increases overhead many times and further increases detection complexity exponentially. Therefore, in a scenario of information transmission in a disconnected state, if the conventional pilot scheme is used, it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of channel estimation, which limits the demodulation performance of the base station and affects the information transmission performance in a disconnected state.

[0027] Furthermore, in a scenario where a wireless communication system is connected to a large number of terminals, if it is desired to prevent the spectral efficiency of each terminal transmitting information from becoming too low, it is necessary to improve the spectral efficiency by increasing the order of the modulation scheme. The following describes in detail conventional high-order modulation schemes.

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[0033] Power normalization only reduces the constellation globally, and the constellation points in the reduced constellation are still uniformly distributed.

[0034] Other high-order modulation schemes, such as 32QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM, are similar to 16QAM in that the constellation points are uniformly distributed on a two-dimensional plane. Therefore, the high-order modulation schemes in the related art can fully utilize the two-dimensional signal space of complex signals. The demodulation methods corresponding to these high-order modulation schemes are not only simple but also ensure performance. Therefore, these high-order modulation schemes can easily and efficiently approach the transmission performance limit, i.e., the Shannon limit. Therefore, in scenarios where there is a need for spectral efficiency, these high-order modulation schemes can be widely applied. However, these high-order modulation schemes can only ensure performance when channel estimation is accurate. If the channel estimation error is large, the base station (or access point) will experience distortion of the constellation during demodulation, i.e., rotational scaling, resulting in degraded demodulation performance.

[0035] Specifically, taking the example of transmitting modulation symbols using an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) method (i.e., transmitting modulation symbols using OFDM subcarriers), after passing through a multipath channel or a frequency selective channel, the modulation symbols carried on the OFDM subcarriers are weighted with a complex weight (i.e., the frequency selective channel causes distortion of the modulation symbols carried on the subcarriers), or if there is a large synchronization error on both the transmitting and receiving sides (i.e., both the first communication node and the second communication node), timing deviation (i.e., time offset) or frequency deviation (i.e., frequency offset) also causes the modulation symbols on the subcarriers to be weighted with a complex weight, i.e., the synchronization error leads to distortion of the modulation symbols.

[0036] JPEG2025538667000013.jpg153170

[0037] In scenarios where a large number of terminals transmit information directly to a wireless communication system when in an unconnected state (i.e., when the terminal is not connected to the wireless communication system), and in scenarios where a large number of terminals transmit information based on SPS, the performance of high-order modulation schemes is severely limited because it is difficult to accurately estimate the complex weight (i.e., distortion) of modulation symbols using pilots.

[0038] In view of the above situation, the present application provides an information transmission method, which can reduce the power consumption of a terminal and the signaling overhead of a system, and can improve the robustness of channel estimation. By ensuring the accuracy of the channel information extracted by the receiving side through modulation symbols, the receiving side can still obtain excellent demodulation performance even when pilot capacity is limited. By ensuring efficient performance of information transmission in a connectionless state, it can support high-spectral-efficiency information transmission in a massive connection scenario.

[0039] Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an information transmission method according to one embodiment of the present application, which is used in a first communication node, and which may include, but is not limited to, step S110.

[0040] Step S110: In a connectionless state, transmit the modulation symbol to a second communication node.

[0041] JPEG2025538667000014.jpg80170JPEG2025538667000015.jpg188170

[0042] In this embodiment, by adopting the information transmission method including the above step S110, the first communication node can transmit modulation symbols to the second communication node in a connectionless state, without having to perform a series of signaling interaction flows with the second communication node before each information transmission, thereby effectively reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead. Furthermore, the modulation symbols can be obtained by modulating multiple bits of information in an information packet based on a first constellation model, a second constellation model, or a third constellation model. That is, by carrying multiple bits of information in a modulation symbol, high-order modulation can be achieved. Furthermore, the modulation symbols modulated based on the first constellation model, the second constellation model, or the third constellation model can improve the robustness of channel estimation, making it easier for the second communication node to extract channel information and improving the demodulation performance of the second communication node. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can support high-spectral-efficiency information transmission from a large number of first communication nodes while reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead.

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[0061] In one possible embodiment, step S110 is further described, which comprises: The method may include transmitting modulation symbols to a second communication node on a predetermined common channel.

[0062] In a scenario in which information is transmitted in a connectionless state, the second communication node does not need to arrange dedicated time-frequency resources for the information transmission of each first communication node, or to arrange different time-frequency resources for the information transmission of each first communication node. The second communication node may configure a common channel in advance, which may be used for transmitting modulation symbols, or may configure a common channel by broadcasting information and notify all first communication nodes to transmit modulation symbols on the common channel. That is, the first communication node does not need to establish a connection with the second communication node in advance or request the second communication node to allocate uplink transmission resources, but can autonomously transmit modulation symbols to start transmitting information to the second communication node. In this way, the operation of the first communication node to transmit information can be simplified, thereby reducing power consumption of the first communication node and signaling overhead of the second communication node.

[0063] In one possible embodiment, step S110 is further described, which comprises: The method may include transmitting modulation symbols to the second communication node using target transmission resources in the predetermined common channel, where the target transmission resources are determined by the first communication node.

[0064] In a scenario in which information is transmitted in a connectionless state, the second communication node may configure a common channel in advance, for example, by broadcasting information, and notify all first communication nodes to transmit resources on the common channel. The first communication node does not need to establish a connection with the second communication node in advance or request the second communication node to allocate resources for uplink transmission. The first communication node can autonomously determine target transmission resources and transmit modulation symbols to the second communication node using the target transmission resources. That is, the first communication node can autonomously start transmitting information to the second communication node by transmitting modulation symbols. In this way, the operation of the first communication node to transmit information can be simplified, thereby reducing power consumption of the first communication node and signaling overhead of the second communication node.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 3, in one possible embodiment, step S110 will be further described, which may include, but is not limited to, steps S210 and S220.

[0066] Step S210: Determine a first number of pilots.

[0067] A pilot may also be called a pilot signal, a reference signal (RS), a demodulation reference signal, or a preamble. In terms of format, a pilot is generally a sequence or a row of symbols, so a pilot may also be called a pilot sequence. Therefore, a plurality of pilots may be two or more pilot sequences, and is not specifically limited herein.

[0068] Step S220: Transmit the modulation symbol with the first number of pilots to a second communication node.

[0069] Here, the value of the first number is greater than 1, that is, the value of the first number may be 2, 3 or other values, and is not specifically limited here.

[0070] In this embodiment, an information transmission method including the above steps S210 and S220 is adopted, in which the first communication node first determines a first number of pilots, and then sends modulation symbols and the first number of pilots to the second communication node, so that the second communication node can estimate part of the channel information from the pilots, and further extract channel information from the modulation symbols, thereby reducing the number of pilots and reducing the probability of pilot collision, making it easier for the second communication node to extract channel information, and effectively improving the demodulation performance of the second communication node.

[0071] For a scenario in which a large-scale first communication node transmits information directly with a second communication node when in an unconnected state, the first communication node can reduce pilot pressure and improve the robustness of channel estimation by transmitting modulation symbols with a first number of pilots to the second communication node, so that the second communication node can still maintain excellent demodulation performance even when the pilot capacity is limited, thereby ensuring efficient performance of information transmission for both the first communication node and the second communication node in an unconnected state.

[0072] In one possible embodiment, when the value of the first number is 2 or more, the first number of pilots are independent of each other, i.e., the first number of pilots are not associated or correlated with each other, where a technology in which multiple pilots are included in one transmission and the pilots are not associated or independent of each other is called an independent multi-pilot technology, and the multiple mutually independent pilots are called independent multi-pilots.

[0073] The information transmission between the first communication node and the second communication node may adopt an independent multi-pilot technology, in this way, with the same pilot overhead, the probability of simultaneous collision between the independent multi-pilots of different first communication nodes is smaller than the probability of traditional single-pilot collision, so that in a connectionless transmission scenario, the independent multi-pilot technology can support information transmission from more first communication nodes.

[0074] In one possible embodiment, if the value of the first number is greater than or equal to 2, the first number of pilots is determined based on information in the information packet.

[0075] In one possible embodiment, if the value of the first number is greater than or equal to 2, the first number of pilots is determined based on one or more bits of information in the information packet.

[0076] In this embodiment, one pilot may be determined based on one bit of information in the information packet, for example, one pilot may be determined based on two bits of information in the information packet, or for example, two pilots are both determined based on one bit of information in the information packet, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the first number and the number of bits of information.

[0077] In one possible embodiment, when the value of the first number is 2 or greater, each pilot is determined from a preset pilot set based on a second number of bits of information in the information packet, where the preset pilot set includes a third number of pilots, and the second number and the third number are related by a logarithmic function, and the logarithmic function is a base-2 logarithmic function.

[0078] In this embodiment, the pilots transmitted by the first communication node to the second communication node are autonomously selected by the first communication node, i.e., the first communication node determines the pilots from a preset pilot set, where the preset pilot set includes a third number of pilots, and the second number and the third number have a logarithmic relationship, where the logarithmic function is a logarithmic function with base 2. For example, if the third number is D, the second number is log2(D), i.e., each pilot is determined from the preset pilot set by log2(D) bits of information in the information packet, which is not specifically limited herein. The third number may be 64, 128, or more, which is not specifically limited herein.

[0079] In one possible embodiment, the information transmission method further comprises the following steps:

[0080] In the process of transmitting modulation symbols to the second communication node in a connectionless state, the pilot is not transmitted.

[0081] In an unconnected state, the first communication node transmits only modulation symbols to the second communication node, does not transmit pilots, and realizes channel estimation using modulation symbols, thereby saving the overhead required for pilots. This ensures that both the first communication node and the second communication node can efficiently transmit information in an unconnected state, and supports a large number of first communication nodes in achieving high spectral efficiency information transmission.

[0082] Moreover, FIG. 4 is an information transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application, which is used in a second communication node, and which may include, but is not limited to, step S310.

[0083] Step S310: Receive modulation symbols transmitted by the first communication node in a connectionless state.

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[0085] In this embodiment, by adopting the information transmission method including step S310, the second communication node can receive modulation symbols transmitted by the first communication node in an unconnected state. The first communication node does not need to perform a series of signaling interaction flows with the second communication node before each information transmission, thereby effectively reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead. Furthermore, the modulation symbols can be obtained by modulating multiple bits of information in an information packet based on a first constellation model, a second constellation model, or a third constellation model. That is, by carrying multiple bits of information in a modulation symbol, high-order modulation can be achieved. Furthermore, the modulation symbols modulated based on the first constellation model, a second constellation model, or a third constellation model can improve the robustness of channel estimation, making it easier for the second communication node to extract channel information and improving the demodulation performance of the second communication node. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can support high-spectral-efficiency information transmission from a large number of first communication nodes while reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead.

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[0104] In one possible embodiment, step S310 is further described, which comprises: The method may include receiving modulation symbols transmitted by the first communication node in a connectionless state via a pre-established common channel.

[0105] In a scenario in which information is transmitted in a connectionless state, the second communication node does not need to arrange dedicated time-frequency resources for the information transmission of each first communication node or arrange different time-frequency resources for the information transmission of each first communication node. The second communication node may configure a common channel in advance, which may be used for transmitting modulation symbols, or may configure a common channel by broadcasting information and notify all first communication nodes to transmit modulation symbols on the common channel. That is, the first communication node does not need to establish a connection with the second communication node in advance or request the second communication node to allocate uplink transmission resources. The second communication node can receive the modulation symbols transmitted by the first communication node via the common channel configured in a connectionless state and transmit information with the first communication node. That is, the first communication node initiates information transmission to the second communication node. This simplifies the operation of information transmission by the first communication node, thereby reducing power consumption of the first communication node and signaling overhead of the second communication node.

[0106] In one possible embodiment, step S310 is further described, which comprises: The method may include receiving modulation symbols transmitted by the first communication node in an unconnected state via a pre-configured common channel using target transmission resources, where the target transmission resources are determined by the first communication node.

[0107] In a scenario in which information is transmitted in a connectionless state, the second communication node may configure a common channel in advance, for example, by broadcasting information, and notify all first communication nodes to transmit resources on the common channel. The first communication node does not need to establish a connection with the second communication node in advance or request the second communication node to allocate uplink transmission resources. When the first communication node is in a connectionless state, it can autonomously determine a target transmission resource. The second communication node receives modulation symbols transmitted by the first communication node via the target transmission resource via the predetermined common channel and transmits information with the first communication node. That is, the first communication node can autonomously transmit modulation symbols to initiate information transmission to the second communication node. In this way, the operation of the first communication node to transmit information can be simplified, thereby reducing power consumption of the first communication node and signaling overhead of the second communication node.

[0108] In one possible embodiment, step S310 is further described, which comprises: The method may include receiving modulation symbols and a first number of pilots transmitted by the first communication node in a connectionless state, where the first number is greater than one.

[0109] Here, the value of the first number is greater than 1, that is, the value of the first number may be 2, 3 or other values, and is not specifically limited here.

[0110] In this embodiment, when the first communication node is in an unconnected state, the second communication node receives the modulation symbols and a first number of pilots transmitted by the first communication node, and can estimate part of the channel information from the pilots, and further extract channel information from the modulation symbols, reduce the number of pilots, and reduce the probability of pilot collision, making it easier for the second communication node to extract channel information, and effectively improving the demodulation performance of the second communication node.

[0111] For a scenario in which a large-scale first communication node transmits information directly with a second communication node when in an unconnected state, the second communication node can receive modulation symbols and pilots transmitted by the first communication node, reduce pilot pressure, and improve the robustness of channel estimation, so that the second communication node can still maintain excellent demodulation performance even when pilot capacity is limited, thereby ensuring efficient performance of information transmission for both the first communication node and the second communication node in an unconnected state.

[0112] In one possible embodiment, when the value of the first number is 2 or more, the first number of pilots are independent of each other, i.e., the first number of pilots are not associated or correlated with each other, where a technology in which multiple pilots are included in one transmission and the pilots are not associated or independent of each other is called an independent multi-pilot technology, and the multiple mutually independent pilots are called independent multi-pilots.

[0113] The information transmission between the first communication node and the second communication node may adopt an independent multi-pilot technology, in this way, with the same pilot overhead, the probability of simultaneous collision between the independent multi-pilots of different first communication nodes is smaller than the probability of traditional single-pilot collision, so that in a connectionless transmission scenario, the independent multi-pilot technology can support information transmission from more first communication nodes.

[0114] In one possible embodiment, if the value of the first number is greater than or equal to 2, the first number of pilots is determined based on information in the information packet.

[0115] In this embodiment, one pilot may be determined based on one bit of information in the information packet, for example, one pilot may be determined based on two bits of information in the information packet, or for example, two pilots are both determined based on one bit of information in the information packet, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the first number and the number of bits of information.

[0116] In one possible embodiment, when the value of the first number is 2 or greater, each pilot is determined from a preset pilot set based on a second number of bits of information in the information packet, where the preset pilot set includes a third number of pilots, and the second number and the third number are related by a logarithmic function, and the logarithmic function is a base-2 logarithmic function.

[0117] In this embodiment, the second communication node receives a pilot transmitted by the first communication node in an unconnected state, and the pilot is autonomously selected by the first communication node. That is, the first communication node determines the pilot from a preset pilot set. The preset pilot set includes a third number of pilots, and the second number and the third number have a logarithmic relationship, where the logarithmic function is a logarithmic function with base 2. For example, if the third number is D, the second number is log2(D), that is, each pilot is determined from the preset pilot set by log2(D) bits of information in the information packet, and this is not specifically limited. The third number may be 64, 128, or more, and this is not specifically limited.

[0118] In one possible embodiment, the information transmission method further comprises the following steps:

[0119] In the process of receiving modulation symbols transmitted by the first communication node in a connectionless state, no pilot is received.

[0120] In the process of receiving the modulation symbols transmitted by the first communication node in an unconnected state, the second communication node does not receive the pilot, i.e., the second communication node only receives the modulation symbols. The second communication node can realize channel estimation through the modulation symbols and can save the overhead required for the pilot, ensuring efficient performance of information transmission in an unconnected state for both the first communication node and the second communication node, and supporting the realization of high spectral efficiency information transmission by a large number of first communication nodes.

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[0122] As shown in Fig. 5, in one embodiment, the first constellation model may be a PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) constellation corresponding to the coordinate system in the upper left corner of Fig. 5 or a PAM constellation corresponding to the coordinate system in the upper right corner of Fig. 5, i.e., a linear constellation, where all constellation points of the PAM constellation are on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin). The first constellation model may be a PAM constellation other than the PAM constellations shown in the upper left and upper right corners of Fig. 5, and the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the form of the first constellation model.

[0123] In detail, each modulation symbol (i.e., each constellation point) can bear multiple bits of information, i.e., realize the effect of high-order modulation, thereby achieving high spectral efficiency. In one embodiment, each modulation symbol can bear four bits of information, i.e., four bits of information are mapped (i.e., modulated) to one modulation symbol, and in another embodiment, each modulation symbol can bear five bits of information, i.e., five bits of information are mapped (i.e., modulated) to one modulation symbol.

[0124] The linear constellation (i.e., PAM constellation), cross constellation, and 8-arm constellation corresponding to the modulation symbols all have the advantage of simple geometric shapes. Even if the modulation symbols received by the receiving side (i.e., the second communication node) undergo channel rotation scaling, the constellation corresponding to the modulation symbols is only one linear constellation, cross constellation, or 8-arm constellation that has undergone rotation scaling, and the formed geometric shape is still simple.

[0125] Since linear constellations are relatively simple constellations and are generally easier to process than cross constellations, the following will be described using the slightly more complex cross constellations as an example.

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[0128] One method for estimating the amount of rotation scaling will now be described in detail.

[0129] As shown in Figure 7, first, a two-dimensional plane (i.e., a two-dimensional signal plane) is divided into four sections, and two typical methods can be used to divide them. Specifically, as shown in the coordinate system on the left side of Figure 7, in the first type of division method, four quadrants are divided into four sections, that is, the x-axis and y-axis are used as dividing lines, where the area filled with diagonal lines is section 1, the area filled with fine dots is section 2, the area filled with vertical lines is section 3, and the area filled with blocks is section 4. As shown in the coordinate system on the right in Figure 7, the four segments in the second type of segmentation method are formed by rotating the four segments in the first type of segmentation method by 45°. That is, the area enclosed by the 45° semi-ray emanating from the origin to the 135° semi-ray emanating from the origin is segment 1, where segment 1 is filled with diagonal lines; the area enclosed by the 135° semi-ray emanating from the origin to the 225° semi-ray emanating from the origin is segment 2, where segment 2 is filled with fine dots; the area enclosed by the 225° semi-ray emanating from the origin to the 315° semi-ray emanating from the origin is segment 3, where segment 3 is filled with vertical lines; and the area enclosed by the 315° semi-ray emanating from the origin to the 45° semi-ray emanating from the origin is segment 4, where segment 4 is filled with blocks. 7 are used to determine the section to which a constellation point belongs, and by simply performing some simple additions and subtractions on the coordinates of the constellation point, the specific section to which this constellation point belongs can be determined, without the need for complex multiplications, and the determination method is simple. In addition to the above two division methods, other division methods can also be selected to divide the two-dimensional plane into four sections, and the embodiments of the present application are not specifically limited.

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[0132] When AWGN exists, especially when some modulation symbols are subjected to a relatively large AWGN, some modulation symbols may experience handover. In order to more accurately estimate the rotational scaling amount, it is generally necessary to use the two partitioning methods shown in Figure 7. Two rotational scaling amounts of the constellation are calculated according to the above estimation methods for the two partitioning methods, and then the mode value of the two rotational scaling amounts with the larger mode value is used as the rotational scaling amount of this constellation.

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[0135] After calculating the four rotational scaling amounts based on the above four different two-section methods, the one with the largest mode value among the four rotational scaling amounts is used as the rotational scaling amount of this constellation. The receiving side (i.e., the second communication node) can estimate the rotational scaling amount experienced by the constellation, and then evenly remove the rotational scaling amount experienced by the constellation to obtain a constellation that is free of distortion and only affected by AWGN.

[0136] Therefore, the modulation symbols obtained by the first constellation model, the second constellation model, or the third constellation model can form a constellation with a simple geometric shape, and even after the modulation symbols are subjected to channel interference and rotational scaling distortion, the formed constellation still has a simple geometric shape. Therefore, the information transmission method of the present application can compensate only by the shape characteristics of the constellation, thereby avoiding the need to increase pilot overhead to improve demodulation performance and ensuring high spectral efficiency.

[0137] The rotation and scaling amount of the modulation symbol includes a rotation amount and a scaling amount.

[0138] The information transmission method according to the above embodiment will be described in detail below using a specific example.

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[0148] If power normalization is required for this second constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points corresponding to this second constellation model may be multiplied by a single normalization factor all at once.

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[0153] If power normalization is required for this second constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points corresponding to this second constellation model may be multiplied by a single normalization factor all at once.

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[0157] If power normalization is required for this second constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points corresponding to this second constellation model may be multiplied by a single normalization factor all at once.

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[0162] If power normalization is required for this second constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points corresponding to this second constellation model may be multiplied by a single normalization factor all at once.

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[0193] The eight-arm constellations corresponding to the coordinate systems in the center and right of Figure 22 may be formed by generally extending outward the width of the constellation points of four arms (the half lines passing through the origin at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°) in the eight-arm constellation corresponding to the coordinate system on the left of Figure 22, which makes the distribution of the constellation points of the star constellation more uniform, thereby improving the demodulation performance.

[0194] Regarding the information transmission in all the above embodiments, the information therein is information in a broad sense, that is, the information may be service data, or information used for system control, i.e., signaling, or the information may include bit data that needs to be transmitted, such as service bit data or signaling bit data, where different English expressions such as message, information, payload, etc. can all represent information.

[0195] The first communication node in all the above embodiments may be a terminal, for example, a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a PAD (Tablet PC), a navigation device, or an Internet of Things device terminal, and is not specifically limited here.

[0196] The second communication node in all the above embodiments may be a base station, a receiver, an access point, etc., and is not specifically limited here.

[0197] Also, referring to FIG. 23, one embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 100, which includes at least one processor 101 and at least one memory 102, and the memory 102 is used to store at least one program.

[0198] The processor 101 and the memory 102 may be connected by a bus or in other ways.

[0199] Memory 102 may be used as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium to store non-transitory software programs and non-transitory computer-executable programs. Memory 102 may include high-speed random access memory and may further include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk memory device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state memory device. In some embodiments, memory 102 may optionally include memory located remotely from processor 101, and these remote memories may be connected to processor 101 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0200] The non-transitory software programs and instructions required to implement the information transmission method of the above embodiment are stored in memory 102, and when executed by processor 101, perform the information transmission method of the above embodiment, for example, perform method step S110 in Figure 2, method steps S210 to S220 in Figure 3, and method step S310 in Figure 4 described above.

[0201] The above-described device embodiments are merely schematic, and the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, i.e., located in one place or distributed over multiple network units, and some or all of the modules may be selected to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the present embodiments according to actual needs.

[0202] In addition, one embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer-executable instructions are stored, and the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor or controller, for example, by a processor in the above device embodiment, to cause the processor to perform the information transmission method in the above embodiment, and to perform the method step S110 in Figure 2, method steps S210 to S220 in Figure 3, and method step S310 in Figure 4 described above.

[0203] In addition, one embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product including a computer program or computer instructions, the computer program or computer instructions being stored in a computer-readable storage medium, a processor of the computer device reading the computer program or computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executing the computer program or computer instructions to cause the computer device to perform the information transmission method in the above embodiment, for example, to perform the method step S110 in FIG. 2, method steps S210 to S220 in FIG. 3, and method step S310 in FIG. 4 described above.

[0204] All or part of the steps in the methods and systems disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or any suitable combination thereof. Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processor, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer-readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). As known to those skilled in the art, the term computer storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information (e.g., computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data). Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired information and that can be accessed by a computer. As known to those skilled in the art, communication media typically includes computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media.

Claims

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12. transmitting the modulation symbols to the second communication node includes: transmitting the modulation symbols to a second communication node on a predetermined common channel; Or, 10. The method of claim 1, comprising transmitting the modulation symbols to a second communication node using target transmission resources in a predetermined common channel, the target transmission resources being determined by the first communication node.

13. transmitting the modulation symbols to the second communication node includes: determining a first number of pilots; and transmitting the modulation symbol with the first number of the pilots to a second communication node, wherein the first number is greater than one.

14. When the value of the first number is 2 or greater, the first number of the pilots are independent of one another; Or, the first number of the pilots is determined based on information in the information packet; Or, the first number of pilots is determined based on one or more bits of information in the information packet; Or, 14. The method of claim 13, wherein each of the pilots is determined from a predetermined pilot set based on a second number of bits of information in the information packet, wherein the predetermined pilot set includes a third number of pilots, the second number and the third number being related by a logarithmic function, and the logarithmic function being a base 2 logarithmic function.

15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: not transmitting a pilot in the process of transmitting the modulation symbols to the second communication node in a connectionless state.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27. receiving modulation symbols transmitted by the first communication node in a connectionless state; receiving modulation symbols transmitted by the first communication node via a predetermined common channel in a connectionless state; Or, 17. The method of claim 16, comprising receiving modulation symbols transmitted by a first communication node in an unconnected state via a pre-configured common channel using target transmission resources, the target transmission resources being determined by the first communication node.

28. receiving modulation symbols transmitted by the first communication node in a connectionless state; 17. The method of claim 16, comprising receiving modulation symbols and a first number of pilots transmitted by a first communication node in a connectionless state, wherein the first number is greater than one.

29. When the value of the first number is 2 or greater, the first number of the pilots are independent of one another; Or, the first number of the pilots is determined based on information in the information packet; Or, the first number of pilots is determined based on one or more bits of information in the information packet; Or, 29. The method of claim 28, wherein each of the pilots is determined from a predetermined pilot set based on a second number of bits of information in the information packet, wherein the predetermined pilot set includes a third number of pilots, the second number and the third number being related by a logarithmic function, and the logarithmic function being a base 2 logarithmic function.

30. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: not receiving a pilot in the process of receiving the modulation symbols transmitted by the first communication node in a connectionless state.

31. A communication device, at least one processor; at least one memory for storing at least one program; A communication device which, when at least one of said programs is executed by at least one of said processors, implements the information transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 30.

32. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions being used to carry out the information transmission method of any one of claims 1 to 30.

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