Battery equivalent circuit model parameter determination device and operation method thereof

Abstract

A parameter determination device according to one embodiment disclosed herein may include an acquisition unit that acquires data relating to the voltage of a battery during at least a portion of a time period when the battery is in a resting state, and a determination unit that detects a change in the voltage based on the data and determines a plurality of parameters representing a plurality of RC (resistor-capacitor) time constants included in an equivalent circuit model (ECM) for the battery based on the change in voltage.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0000452, filed on January 2, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The embodiments disclosed herein relate to an apparatus for determining parameters of an equivalent circuit model of a battery and a method of operating the same. [Background technology]

[0003] In recent years, research and development into secondary batteries has been actively pursued. Here, secondary batteries are batteries that can be charged and discharged, and include both conventional Ni / Cd batteries, Ni / MH batteries, and more recent lithium-ion batteries. Among secondary batteries, lithium-ion batteries have the advantage of having a much higher energy density than conventional Ni / Cd batteries, Ni / MH batteries, and other batteries. Furthermore, because lithium-ion batteries can be manufactured to be compact and lightweight, they are used as power sources for mobile devices. In recent years, their range of use has expanded to include power sources for electric vehicles, and they are attracting attention as a next-generation energy storage medium.

[0004] One of the services related to such secondary batteries is a battery management system (BMS). The battery management system can collect data on the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery. Based on the collected measurement data, the battery management system can diagnose the presence or absence of internal disconnections, overvoltage, temperature sensor failure, and other faults in the battery.

[0005] To diagnose the battery condition, an equivalent circuit model (ECM) of the battery can be used, which is a model that electrically simulates the changes in voltage and current output from the battery. The battery management system has the advantage of being able to diagnose the state of the battery more quickly by using an equivalent circuit model that simplifies the structure of the battery. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In order to accurately determine the state of the battery, it is necessary to accurately derive the parameters of the equivalent circuit model. However, in the process of applying a pulse current to a battery, a delay may occur between the time when the pulse current is applied and the time when the voltage is measured by the pulse current. In addition, an error value may occur due to a measuring device that senses the battery to diagnose the battery state. Due to the delay value and error value, it is difficult to accurately derive the parameters of the equivalent circuit model of the battery.

[0007] Furthermore, in the conventional method, although the degree of influence on the voltage change varies depending on the RC time constant value, multiple RC time constant values ​​are derived at once, which causes the problem that each parameter may be derived incorrectly.

[0008] The technical problems of the embodiments disclosed in this specification are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] A parameter determination device according to one embodiment disclosed herein may include an acquisition unit that acquires data relating to the voltage of a battery during at least a portion of a time period when the battery is in a resting state, and a determination unit that detects a change in the voltage based on the data and determines a plurality of parameters representing a plurality of RC (resistor-capacitor) time constants included in an equivalent circuit model (ECM) for the battery based on the change in voltage.

[0010] In one embodiment, the determination unit can determine the plurality of parameters based on the order of magnitude of the plurality of RC time constants. In one embodiment, the determination unit can determine a first parameter indicating a specified RC time constant from among the plurality of RC time constants based on data acquired during a first time interval from among the at least a portion of the time intervals.

[0011] In one embodiment, the determination unit can determine remaining parameters for indicating RC time constants other than the specified RC time constant among the plurality of RC time constants based on data acquired during a second time interval that includes at least a portion of the first time interval among the at least some of the time intervals.

[0012] In one embodiment, the determination unit can determine a first parameter for indicating a specified RC time constant from among the plurality of RC time constants using a first objective function in which a third parameter, excluding a second parameter for indicating a specified number of RC time constants from among the plurality of parameters, is indicated by a specified constant.

[0013] In one embodiment, the determination unit can determine the remaining parameters excluding the first parameter using a second objective function in which the second parameter and the third parameter are expressed by an exponential decay constant.

[0014] An operating method of a parameter determination device according to one embodiment disclosed herein may include the steps of: acquiring data relating to the voltage of a battery during at least a portion of a time period when the battery is in a resting state; detecting a change in the voltage based on the data; and determining a plurality of parameters representing a plurality of RC (resistor-capacitor) time constants included in an equivalent circuit model (ECM) for the battery based on the change in voltage.

[0015] In one embodiment, the determining operation may determine the plurality of parameters based on an order of magnitude of the plurality of RC time constants. In one embodiment, the determining operation can determine a first parameter indicating a specified RC time constant from among the plurality of time constants based on data acquired during a first time interval from among the at least a portion of the time interval.

[0016] In one embodiment, the determining operation can determine remaining parameters of the plurality of RC time constants to indicate RC time constants other than the specified RC time constant based on data acquired during a second time interval of the at least some of the time intervals, the second time interval including at least a portion of the first time interval.

[0017] In one embodiment, the determining operation may determine a first parameter for indicating a specified RC time constant from among the plurality of RC time constants using a first objective function in which a third parameter, excluding a second parameter for indicating a specified number of RC time constants from among the plurality of parameters, is indicated by a specified constant.

[0018] In one embodiment, the determining operation can determine the remaining parameters excluding the first parameter using a second objective function in which the second parameter and the third parameter are expressed by exponential decay constants. [Effects of the Invention]

[0019] The parameter determination device for a battery equivalent circuit model and the operating method thereof according to various embodiments disclosed in this specification can determine the parameters of the battery equivalent circuit model using an objective function that reflects a delay value and an error value.

[0020] The parameter determination device and operating method for a battery equivalent circuit model according to various embodiments disclosed in this specification can reduce errors that occur when fitting RC time constant values ​​collectively by preferentially deriving parameters that indicate a specified RC time constant from among multiple RC time constants.

[0021] As a result, the parameter determination device for an equivalent circuit model of a battery and the operation method thereof can accurately derive one or more parameters included in the equivalent circuit model of a battery.

[0022] The effects of the battery equivalent circuit model parameter determination device and its operating method disclosed in this specification are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of this specification. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0023] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a parameter determination device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] 1 illustrates an equivalent circuit model of a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] 1 illustrates a first graph obtained by curve-fitting voltage values ​​according to a first time interval according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] 10 illustrates a second graph obtained by curve fitting voltage values ​​according to some time intervals according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operation of a parameter determination device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, although it should be understood that this is not intended to limit the present invention to the particular embodiments, but rather to encompass various modifications, equivalents, and / or alternatives to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] The embodiments and terms used in this specification should not be understood to limit the technical features described in this specification to a specific embodiment, but should be understood to include various modifications, equivalents, or alternatives of the embodiment. In connection with the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used for similar or related components. The singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the item, unless the relevant context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0026] As used herein, each phrase such as "A or B," "at least one of A and B," "at least one of A or B," "A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," and "at least one of A, B, or C" may include any one or all possible combinations of the items listed therewith. Terms such as "first," "second," "first," "second," "A," "B," "(a)," or "(b)" may be used simply to distinguish one element from other elements and do not limit the element in other respects (e.g., importance or order) unless specifically stated to the contrary.

[0027] As used herein, when a (e.g., first) component is referred to as being "coupled," "coupled," or "connected" to another (e.g., second) component, with or without the terms "functionally" or "communicatively," or when a reference is made to "coupled" or "connected," this means that the component may be coupled to the other component directly (e.g., by wire or wirelessly) or indirectly (e.g., via a third component).

[0028] The methods according to various embodiments disclosed herein may be provided in a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded between a seller and a buyer as a commodity. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., a compact disc read-only memory, CD-ROM) or may be distributed online (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) via an application store or directly between two user devices. In the case of online distribution, at least a portion of the computer program product may be at least temporarily stored or temporarily generated in a machine-readable storage medium, such as the memory of a manufacturer's server, an application store server, or an intermediary server.

[0029] According to embodiments disclosed herein, each of the aforementioned components (e.g., modules or programs) may include one or more entities, and some of the entities may be located separately in other components. According to embodiments disclosed herein, one or more of the aforementioned components or operations may be omitted, or one or more other components or operations may be added. Alternatively or additionally, multiple components (e.g., modules or programs) may be integrated into a single component. In this case, the integrated component may perform one or more functions of each of the multiple components in the same or similar manner as those performed by the respective components of the multiple components before the integration. According to embodiments disclosed herein, operations performed by modules, programs, or other components may be performed sequentially, in parallel, iteratively, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be performed in a different order, omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.

[0030] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a parameter determination device 12 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1, the parameter determination device 12 may be coupled to the electronic device 10 and the user terminal 14 via wires and / or wirelessly.

[0031] In one embodiment, the connection 11 between the parameter determination device 12 and the electronic device 10 may be a communication link via a wired and / or wireless network. In one embodiment, the wired network may be based on a local area network (LAN) communication or a power line communication. In one embodiment, the wireless network may be based on a local area network (e.g., Bluetooth, WiFi (wireless fidelity), or IrDA (infrared data association)) or a wide area network (e.g., a cellular network, a 4G network, a 5G network).

[0032] In other embodiments, the connection between the parameter determination device 12 and the electronic device 10 may be via an inter-device communication method (e.g., a bus, a general purpose input and output (GPIO), a serial peripheral interface (SPI), or a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI)).

[0033] In one embodiment, the connection 13 between the parameter determiner 12 and the user terminal 14 may be a communications link via a wired and / or wireless network.

[0034] In one embodiment, the electronic device 10 may be a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone, a laptop computer, a smartphone, or a smart pad), an electric vehicle (e.g., an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid EV (HEV), a plug-in HEV (PHEV), or a fuel cell EV (FCEV)), an energy storage system (ESS), or a battery swapping system (BSS).

[0035] In one embodiment, electronic device 10 may include one or more battery units 101, 103, and 105. Each of the one or more battery units 101, 103, and 105 may be a battery cell, a battery module, a battery pack, or a battery rack.

[0036] In one embodiment, the user terminal 14 may be a mobile device (eg, a mobile phone, a laptop computer, a smartphone, a smart pad) or a personal computer (PC).

[0037] In one embodiment, parameter determiner 12 may include a communication circuit 120, a sensor 140, a memory 160, and a processor 180. According to an embodiment, parameter determiner 12 shown in Figure 1 may further include at least one component (e.g., a display, an input device, or an output device) other than the components shown in Figure 1.

[0038] In one embodiment, the communication circuitry 120 can establish a wired and / or wireless communication channel between the parameter determination device 12 and the electronic device 10 and / or the user terminal 14, and transmit and receive data to and from the electronic device 10 and / or the user terminal 14 via the established communication channel.

[0039] In one embodiment, the sensor 140 may obtain status values ​​for the battery units 101, 103, and 105 of the electronic device 10. In one embodiment, the status values ​​may indicate one or more values ​​for the voltage, current, resistance, state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), temperature, or a combination thereof, of the battery units. Hereinafter, the status values ​​may be referred to as "status values."

[0040] In one embodiment, memory 160 may include volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. In one embodiment, memory 160 may store data used by at least one component (e.g., processor 180) of parameter determiner 12. For example, the data may include software (or associated instructions), input data, or output data. In one embodiment, the instructions, when executed by processor 180, may cause parameter determiner 12 to perform the operations defined by the instructions. In one embodiment, the memory 160 may include one or more pieces of software (eg, an obtainer 162 and a determiner 164).

[0041] In one embodiment, processor 180 may include a central processing unit, an application processor, a graphics processing unit, a neural processing unit (NPU), an image signal processor, a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor.

[0042] In one embodiment, the processor 180 can execute software (e.g., the acquisition unit 162 and the determination unit 164) and control at least one other component (e.g., a hardware or software component) of the parameter determination device 12 coupled to the processor 180, and can perform various data processing or calculations.

[0043] Hereinafter, a method in which the parameter determining device 12 determines the plurality of parameters included in the equivalent circuit model of the battery via the acquiring unit 162 and the determining unit 164 will be described.

[0044] The acquisition unit 162 can acquire data related to the battery. The acquisition unit 162 can acquire data related to the voltage of the battery. The acquisition unit 162 can acquire data related to the voltage of the battery while the battery is in a resting state. The acquisition unit 162 can acquire data related to the voltage of the battery during at least a part of the time period during which the battery is in a resting state.

[0045] The determination unit 164 may determine parameters. The determination unit 164 may determine a plurality of parameters included in an equivalent circuit model of a battery. The determination unit 164 may determine a plurality of parameters for indicating a plurality of resistor-capacitor (RC) time constants included in the equivalent circuit model of a battery. The determination unit 164 may detect a change in voltage based on the data and determine a plurality of parameters for indicating a plurality of RC time constants included in the equivalent circuit model based on the change in voltage. Here, the plurality of parameters may include a resistance value, a capacitance, an RC time constant value, a delay value, an error value, or a combination thereof.

[0046] The determination unit 164 may determine one or more parameters based on specific conditions. The determination unit 164 may determine the parameters based on the order of magnitude of multiple RC time constants. For example, assuming that RC pairs (resistor-capacitor pairs) in which a resistor and a capacitor are connected in parallel are R1-C1, R2-C2, and R3-C3, respectively, and R3C3 has the largest time constant value, the determination unit 164 may first determine R3 and C3, which are parameters indicating the largest RC time constant value. Here, R1, R2, and R3 may be the resistance values ​​of a first resistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor, respectively. C1, C2, and C3 may be the capacitances of a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and a third capacitor, respectively.

[0047] In the following description, it is assumed that the multiple RC pairs are R1-C1, R2-C2, and R3-C3, and that the time constants are R3C3, R2C2, and R1C1 in descending order.

[0048] The determining unit 164 can determine a parameter to indicate a particular RC time constant. The determination unit 164 may determine a first parameter indicating a specified RC time constant from among the plurality of RC time constants. The determination unit 164 may determine the plurality of parameters based on data related to voltage. The determination unit 164 may determine the plurality of parameters based on data acquired during a first time interval from at least a portion of the time interval. The determination unit 164 may determine a first parameter indicating a specified RC time constant from among the plurality of RC time constants based on data acquired during the first time interval from at least a portion of the time interval. For example, the specified RC time constant may be R3C3, which has the largest time constant value among the RC time constants. The first parameter may include R3 and C3, which are parameters indicating R3C3. The first time interval may be a time interval from at least a portion of the time interval, excluding a time interval in which a delay value and / or an error value equal to or greater than a specified value occurs.

[0049] The reason why the determining unit 164 first determines the parameter indicating the specified time constant from among the multiple RC time constants is that the degree of influence on the change in voltage over time varies depending on the value of the time constant.

[0050] The determination unit 164 may determine remaining parameters representing an RC time constant other than the designated RC time constant from among the plurality of RC time constants. The determination unit 164 may determine remaining parameters representing an RC time constant other than the designated RC time constant from among the plurality of RC time constants based on data acquired during a second time interval that includes at least a portion of the first time interval from among at least a portion of the time. Here, the remaining parameters may include resistance values ​​excluding R3 and C3, capacitance values, delay values, error values, or combinations thereof.

[0051] The determination unit 164 can determine a plurality of parameters using an objective function. The determination unit 164 can determine the multiple parameters using an objective function in which a specific parameter is represented by a specified constant. The determination unit 164 can determine the first parameter using an objective function in which a specific parameter is represented by a specified constant. The determination unit 164 can determine the first parameter using a first objective function in which a third parameter, excluding a second parameter representing a specified number of RC time constants, among the multiple parameters is represented by a specified constant. For example, the specified number may be 2, and the specified number of RC time constants may be R2C2 and R3C3. The first parameter can include one or more of the multiple parameters. The second parameter can include one or more of the first parameters. The first objective function can be expressed by Equation 1.

[0052]

number

[0053] Here, V[δ] may be the voltage value immediately before the rest period, and I may be the current value. δ may be the discharge time. δ may be the time the battery was discharged immediately before the rest period. For example, if the discharge time is 90 seconds, δ may be 90. The reason for including δ in Equation 1 is to compensate for the degree of saturation, which varies depending on the RC time constant value. For example, among the RC time constants, R3C3, which has the largest time constant value, may have a greater impact on the voltage value depending on the discharge time immediately before the rest period than R2C2 and R1C1. Therefore, using δ can reduce the above-mentioned effect.

[0054] R2 and R3 may be the resistance values ​​of the second and third resistors, respectively. C2 and C3 may be the second and third capacitances, respectively, which may be connected in parallel with the second and third resistors, respectively. K1 may be a specified constant and may be a correction value that corrects for errors caused by the measuring device. K1 is the series resistance value R S and a first resistance R1.

[0055] Referring to Equation 1, the first parameters can include R3 and C3. The second parameters can include R2, R3, C2, C3, and K1. The third parameters can include R1, C1, R S , a delay value by the sensing device, an error value, or a combination thereof. The determining unit 164 may determine the first parameter using Equation 1.

[0056] The determination unit 164 can determine the plurality of parameters using a second objective function. The determination unit 164 can determine the remaining parameters excluding the first parameter from the plurality of parameters using the second objective function. The determination unit 164 can determine the remaining parameters excluding the first parameter using a second objective function in which the second parameter and the third parameter are expressed by exponential decay constants. Here, the second objective function can be expressed by Equation 2.

[0057]

number

[0058] Here, V[δ] is the voltage value just before the battery went into sleep mode, and I may be the current value. δ may be the discharge time. δ may be the time the battery was discharged just before the battery went into sleep mode. The reason for including δ in Equation 2 is to compensate for the different degrees of saturation that occur depending on the RC time constant.

[0059] R1, R2, and R3 may be the resistance values ​​of the first resistor, the second resistor, and the third resistor, respectively. R3 may be the parameter value determined by Equation 1. C1, C2, and C3 may be the first capacitance, the second capacitance, and the third capacitance, respectively, which may be connected in parallel with the first resistor, the second resistor, and the third resistor, respectively. C3 may be the parameter value determined by Equation 1. R S may be the resistance value of a series resistor. The series resistor may be connected in series with an RC pair (R1-C1, R2-C2, R3-C3) in which a resistor and a capacitor are connected in parallel. delay may be a delay value. delay may be a delay value generated by a measurement device that senses the voltage of the battery. K2 may be a correction value. K2 may be a correction value for correcting an error generated by the measurement device.

[0060] Referring to Equation 2, the second parameter can include R2, R3, C2, C3, and K1. The third parameter can include R S , R1, C1, a delay value due to the sensing device, an error value, or a combination thereof. The determining unit 164 may determine the remaining parameters excluding the first parameter using Equation 2.

[0061] FIG. 2 illustrates an equivalent circuit model 200 of a battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 2, an equivalent circuit model 200 may include a series resistor 202, first to third resistors 212, 222, and 232, first to third capacitors 214, 224, and 234, and an open circuit voltage (OCV) 240. The open circuit voltage 240 may be the discharge voltage just before the battery is at rest.

[0062] The acquisition unit 162 can acquire data relating to the voltage of the battery. The determination unit 164 can detect a change in voltage based on data related to the voltage. The determination unit 164 can determine a plurality of parameters representing a plurality of RC time constants included in the equivalent circuit model 200 for the battery based on the change in voltage. The determination unit 164 can determine R3 and C3, which are parameters representing R3C3 having the highest RC time constant value, using a first objective function. The determination unit 164 can determine the remaining parameter, R S , R1, R2, C1, C2, the delay values ​​due to the sensing device, and the error values ​​can be determined.

[0063] FIG. 3 illustrates a first graph 302 obtained by curve-fitting voltage values ​​according to a first time interval in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 3, a first graph 302 may include voltage values ​​300 corresponding to a first time interval among a certain time interval. Here, the certain time interval may be between 0 and 500 seconds. The first time interval may be between 25 and 500 seconds.

[0064] The acquisition unit 162 can acquire the voltage value 300 in the first time interval from among the time intervals. The determination unit 164 can detect a change in the voltage value 300 and determine a plurality of parameters based on the detected change. The determination unit 164 can detect a change in the voltage value 300 and determine a first parameter using a first objective function.

[0065] The determining unit 164 can perform curve fitting on the voltage value 300 based on the determined parameters. The determining unit 164 can derive a first graph 302 by curve fitting the voltage value 300 based on the determined parameters.

[0066] FIG. 4 illustrates a second graph 402 in which voltage values ​​are curve-fitted over a certain time interval according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 4, a second graph 402 may include voltage values ​​400 according to a certain time interval, where the certain time interval may be between 0 seconds and 500 seconds.

[0067] The acquisition unit 162 can acquire the voltage value 400 for a certain period of time. The determination unit 164 can detect a change in the voltage value 400 and determine a plurality of parameters based on the detected change. The determination unit 164 can detect a change in the voltage value 400 and determine the remaining parameters, excluding the first parameter, from the plurality of parameters using a second objective function.

[0068] Based on the determined parameters, the determining unit 164 can perform curve fitting on the voltage values ​​400. Based on the determined parameters, the determining unit 164 can derive a second graph 402 by curve fitting the voltage values ​​400.

[0069] FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method of operation of the parameter determination device 12 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 5, in operation 500, the acquisition unit 162 can acquire data related to the battery. The acquisition unit 162 can acquire data related to the voltage of the battery. The acquisition unit 162 can acquire data related to the voltage of the battery while the battery is in a resting state. The acquisition unit 162 can acquire data related to the voltage of the battery during at least a portion of the time period during which the battery is in the resting state.

[0070] In operation 502, the determination unit 164 may detect a change in the voltage of the battery. The determination unit 164 may detect the change in the voltage based on data related to the voltage of the battery.

[0071] In operation 504, the determination unit 164 may determine parameters. The determination unit 164 may determine a plurality of parameters included in an equivalent circuit model of the battery. The determination unit 164 may determine a plurality of parameters representing a plurality of RC (resistor-capacitor) time constants included in the equivalent circuit model of the battery. The determination unit 164 may detect a change in voltage based on the data and determine a plurality of parameters representing a plurality of RC time constants included in the equivalent circuit model based on the change in voltage.

[0072] The determining unit 164 can determine one or more parameters based on a specific condition, or can determine the parameters based on the order of magnitude of the RC time constants.

[0073] The determining unit 164 can determine a parameter to indicate a particular RC time constant. The determination unit 164 can determine a first parameter indicating a specified RC time constant from among the plurality of RC time constants. The determination unit 164 can determine the plurality of parameters based on data related to voltage. The determination unit 164 can determine the plurality of parameters based on data acquired during a first time interval from at least a portion of the time interval. The determination unit 164 can determine the first parameter indicating a specified RC time constant from among the plurality of RC time constants based on data acquired during the first time interval from at least a portion of the time interval.

[0074] The determination unit 164 can determine remaining parameters for indicating RC time constants other than the specified RC time constant from among the multiple RC time constants. The determination unit 164 can determine remaining parameters for indicating RC time constants other than the specified RC time constant from among the multiple RC time constants based on data acquired during a second time interval that includes at least a portion of the first time interval during at least a portion of the time.

[0075] The determination unit 164 can determine a plurality of parameters using an objective function. The determination unit 164 can determine the multiple parameters using an objective function in which a specific parameter is represented by a specified constant. The determination unit 164 can determine the first parameter using an objective function in which a specific parameter is represented by a specified constant. The determination unit 164 can determine the first parameter using a first objective function in which a third parameter, excluding a second parameter for representing a specified number of RC time constants, among the multiple parameters is represented by a specified constant.

[0076] The determination unit 164 can determine the plurality of parameters using a second objective function. The determination unit 164 can determine the remaining parameters, excluding the first parameter, from the plurality of parameters using the second objective function. The determination unit 164 can determine the remaining parameters, excluding the first parameter, from the plurality of parameters using a second objective function in which the second parameter and the third parameter are expressed by the decay constants of an exponential function.

[0077] As used above, terms such as "comprise," "comprise," or "have" mean that the relevant element can be contained within the term, unless otherwise specified, and should be interpreted as meaning that other elements may be included, rather than excluding other elements. All terms, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments disclosed herein belong, unless otherwise defined. Commonly used terms, such as dictionary-defined terms, should be interpreted to be consistent with the contextual meaning of the relevant art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0078] The above description is merely an illustrative example of the technical concepts disclosed in this specification, and various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the essential characteristics of the embodiments disclosed in this specification by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments disclosed in this specification pertain. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in this specification are intended to illustrate, rather than limit, the technical concepts of the embodiments disclosed in this specification, and such embodiments do not limit the scope of the technical concepts disclosed in this specification. The scope of protection of the technical concepts disclosed in this specification should be interpreted by the scope of the claims below, and all technical concepts within the scope equivalent thereto should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present specification.

Claims

1. an acquisition unit that acquires data related to the voltage of the battery during at least a portion of a time period when the battery is in a resting state; a determination unit that detects a change in the voltage based on the data and determines a plurality of parameters representing a plurality of RC (resistor-capacitor) time constants included in an equivalent circuit model (ECM) for the battery based on the change in the voltage; A parameter determination device comprising:

2. The determination unit 2. The parameter determination device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of parameters are determined based on the order of magnitude of the plurality of RC time constants.

3. The determination unit 2. The parameter determination device according to claim 1, further comprising: determining a first parameter indicating a specified RC time constant from among the plurality of RC time constants based on data acquired during a first time interval from among the at least a portion of the time intervals.

4. The determination unit 4. The parameter determination device according to claim 3, further comprising: determining, based on data acquired during a second time interval, which includes at least a portion of the first time interval, remaining parameters among the plurality of RC time constants, for indicating RC time constants other than the specified RC time constant.

5. The determination unit 2. The parameter determination device according to claim 1, wherein a first parameter for indicating a specified RC time constant is determined from among the plurality of RC time constants using a first objective function in which a third parameter, excluding a second parameter for indicating a specified number of RC time constants, from among the plurality of parameters is indicated by a specified constant.

6. The determination unit 6. The parameter determination device according to claim 5, wherein the remaining parameters excluding the first parameter are determined using a second objective function in which the second parameter and the third parameter are expressed by exponential decay constants.

7. acquiring data relating to the voltage of the battery during at least a portion of the time period when the battery is in a resting state; detecting a change in the voltage based on the data; determining a plurality of parameters representing a plurality of RC (resistor-capacitor) time constants included in an equivalent circuit model (ECM) for the battery based on the change in the voltage; A method of operating a parameter determination device, comprising:

8. The determining operation is The operating method of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of parameters are determined based on an order of magnitude of the plurality of RC time constants.

9. The determining operation is 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising determining a first parameter indicating a specified RC time constant from among the plurality of time constants based on data acquired during a first time interval from among the at least some of the time intervals.

10. The determining operation is 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising determining remaining parameters of the plurality of RC time constants indicating RC time constants other than the specified RC time constant based on data acquired during a second time interval of the at least some of the time intervals, the second time interval including at least a portion of the first time interval.

11. The determining operation is 8. The operating method according to claim 7, further comprising determining a first parameter for indicating a specified RC time constant among the plurality of RC time constants using a first objective function in which a third parameter, excluding a second parameter for indicating a specified number of RC time constants among the plurality of parameters, is indicated by a specified constant.

12. The determining operation is The operating method of claim 11 , wherein the remaining parameters excluding the first parameter are determined using a second objective function in which the second parameter and the third parameter are expressed by exponential decay constants.

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