Concrete product and concrete structure

Abstract

To provide a concrete product and a concrete structure capable of suppressing the collapse of a support while suppressing the weight of the concrete product such as a retaining wall block.SOLUTION: The concrete product has a vertical wall 12. The upper 12b of the vertical wall 12 is provided with a support hole portion 15 for the support 31, which is erected upward from the upper 12b of the vertical wall 12. The shape of the opening of the support hole portion 15 in the vertical wall 12 becomes longer at a constant rate from the bottom to the top of the vertical wall 12. In addition, the support hole portion 15 opens upward and opens to the first side surface 12a which is one of the surfaces perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall 12. With this configuration, it is possible to increase the thickness of the vertical wall 12 at the position where the support column 31 is present while suppressing the weight of the concrete product and increasing the diameter of the support column 31 so as to suppress the collapse of the support column 31.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a concrete product and a concrete structure formed by joining multiple concrete products. More specifically, the present invention relates to a concrete product having support holes formed in the upper part of a vertical wall, and a concrete structure formed by joining multiple concrete products. [Background technology]

[0002] Retaining walls made of concrete products, such as precast concrete blocks, are sometimes placed on road shoulders and other areas. These retaining walls may also be fitted with fences to separate roads for vehicles from private land. Patent Document 1 discloses retaining wall blocks that constitute a retaining wall structure with a protective fence. In this retaining wall structure, post insertion holes are formed on the top surfaces of the retaining wall blocks that constitute the retaining wall structure. After posts are inserted into the post insertion holes, a fixing agent such as mortar or concrete is poured into the remaining space in the post insertion holes to fix the posts vertically. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-72244 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Due to their construction, the loads exerted by pedestrians or wind on the guardrails and posts installed above the retaining wall blocks are greatest in the thickness direction of the block. The collapse of the posts due to pedestrians or wind occurs when the posts themselves bend or the concrete at their base breaks down. The post insertion holes in the retaining wall blocks of Patent Document 1 are located approximately in the center of the top surface of the block. Therefore, if attempts are made to prevent the posts from bending, the posts will have to be made thicker, which will result in a thinner concrete thickness in the retaining wall block where the posts are located, making the concrete at the base more susceptible to breakage. Furthermore, if one tries to prevent the concrete at the base of the support pillar from being destroyed, the thickness of the concrete in the thickness direction of the retaining wall block at the position where the support pillar is located becomes thicker, which results in the problem of the support pillar becoming thinner and more likely to bend. In particular, with the frequency of strong winds caused by typhoons and the like increasing in recent years, it is necessary to design structures with a margin for collapse, but in the configuration of Patent Document 1, the relationship between the thickness of the support pillar and the thickness of the retaining wall block at the support pillar insertion hole portion is mutually exclusive. In addition, if the thickness of the retaining wall blocks is increased as a countermeasure against the above, the weight of the retaining wall blocks increases, which causes the work of installing the concrete structure to become unnecessarily burdensome.

[0005] In view of the above circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a concrete product and a concrete structure that can suppress the collapse of supports while suppressing the weight of concrete products such as retaining wall blocks. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The concrete product of the first invention has a vertical wall, and a post hole portion for a post is provided in the upper part of the vertical wall, the post hole portion being erected upward from the upper surface of the vertical wall, and the shape of the opening of the post hole portion in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall is such that, in a plane parallel to the upper surface of the vertical wall, the length in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction increases at a constant rate from the bottom to the top of the vertical wall, and the post hole portion opens upward and also opens to a first side surface, which is one of the surfaces perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall. The concrete product of the second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the shape of the opening of the support hole portion in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall is linearly symmetrical with respect to one of the planes perpendicular to the top surface of the vertical wall. The concrete product of the third invention is characterized in that, in the second invention, the shape of the opening of the support hole portion on a surface perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall has a taper of 10% or more and 25% or less. The concrete product of the fourth invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the first side surface has positioning recesses on both the left and right sides of the support hole portion when viewed from the thickness direction of the vertical wall. The concrete structure of the fifth invention is a concrete structure in which multiple concrete products of the first invention are joined together, and is characterized in that it comprises a support inserted into the support hole and fixed with a fixing agent, a closing plate provided on the first side surface for closing the support hole, and a fixing device for fixing the support to the closing plate. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the shape of the opening of the support hole in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall is such that, in a plane parallel to the upper surface of the vertical wall, the length in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction increases at a constant rate from the bottom to the top of the vertical wall, so that the support can be easily installed vertically even when the concrete product is installed on a slope with a predetermined gradient, and demolding during production of the concrete product is easy. Furthermore, because the support hole opens upward and to the first side surface, which is one of the surfaces perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall, the thickness of the vertical wall at the position where the support is located can be increased while reducing the weight of the concrete product and increasing the diameter of the support to prevent the support from collapsing. According to the second invention, the shape of the opening in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall of the support hole portion is linearly symmetrical with respect to one of the planes perpendicular to the upper surface of the vertical wall. Therefore, even if the upper surface of the vertical wall is non-horizontal due to the gradient of the slope, the formwork for the support hole portion is installed perpendicular to the formwork on the upper surface of the vertical wall, so that the parts can be standardized and manufacturing costs can be reduced. According to the third invention, the taper of the shape of the hole for the support is between 10% and 25%, which makes it easier to remove from the mold and makes it easy to install a vertical support even if the upper surface of the vertical wall is not horizontal due to the gradient of a slope. According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, by providing positioning recesses on both the left and right sides of the support hole portion, when a closing plate is provided to close the support hole portion, it can be easily positioned. According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the concrete structure includes a closing plate for closing the support hole and a fixing device for fixing the support to the closing plate, which makes it easy to fix the support vertically with a fixing agent. In addition, because the support is fixed to the closing plate by the fixing device, even if a load is applied to the support toward the first side, sufficient strength is ensured against the load, and the fixing agent filling the support hole 15 is prevented from breaking. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1]1A is a front view, FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view from the side, and FIG. 1C is a plan view, showing three views of a support hole provided in the upper part of a concrete product according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] 1 is a perspective view of a concrete structure constructed using concrete products according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] 1 is a front view of a concrete product according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the concrete product of FIG. 3 as seen from above. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiment shown below is an example of a concrete product and a concrete structure for embodying the technical concept of the present invention, and the present invention does not limit the concrete product and concrete structure to those described below. Note that the size or positional relationship of components shown in each drawing may be exaggerated for clarity. Furthermore, the terms "vertical" and "perpendicular" used in the following specification do not necessarily mean "vertical" or "perpendicular" in the strict sense, but rather mean "substantially vertical" or "substantially perpendicular" to the extent that the effect can be achieved.

[0010] (Concrete Structure 10) FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a concrete structure 10 made of concrete products according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the concrete structure 10 is composed of multiple L-shaped retaining walls 11, which are concrete products, joined together. Concrete products include not only L-shaped retaining walls 11 but also inverted T-shaped retaining walls and U-shaped gutters that make up gutter facilities. In the following description, unless otherwise specified, XYZ coordinates are defined as shown in FIG. 2. That is, the X direction is the thickness direction of the vertical wall 12 of the concrete product, the Y direction is the direction in which the concrete products are arranged, and the Z direction is the height direction of the vertical wall 12 of the concrete product. The Z direction is generally vertical when the concrete product is installed.

[0011] As an example, Figure 2 shows a configuration in which three L-shaped retaining walls 11, which are concrete products, are connected in the Y direction. The L-shaped retaining wall 11 is composed of a vertical wall 12 extending in the Z direction and a horizontal wall 13 extending in the X direction. The vertical walls 12 of the concrete structure 10 are connected to form a single plane, and this configuration prevents soil on the horizontal wall 13 side of the vertical wall 12 from flowing to the side where the horizontal wall 13 is not present. The vertical walls 12 are connected to each other, for example, by fixing steel plates to each of the two vertical walls 12. However, the connection method is not limited to this form.

[0012] The concrete structure 10 shown in Figure 2 is formed, for example, along a sloping road. In Figure 2, the upper surface 12b of the vertical wall 12 of each L-shaped retaining wall 11 has an upward slope from left to right in Figure 2. This upward slope is determined by the slope of the road on which the L-shaped retaining wall 11 is installed. In Figure 2, the height of the vertical wall 12 of the L-shaped retaining wall 11 increases from left to right on the page of Figure 2. The Road Structure Act stipulates that the maximum slope of a road is 12%, but the slope in Figure 2 is drawn at 15%, which is greater than that maximum value.

[0013] As shown in Fig. 2, a fence 30 is provided on top of the concrete structure 10. This fence 30 is configured to include a plurality of posts 31 that stand upright from the upper surface 12b of the vertical wall 12 and fence wires 32 that are provided across the posts 31. The configuration of the fence 30 is not limited to this. For example, a mesh fence, a steel fence, an aluminum fence, or the like can also be used.

[0014] The posts 31 that make up the fence 30 are inserted into post holes 15 (see Figure 1) provided in the upper part of the vertical wall 12 and fixed in place with a fixing agent. A suitable fixing agent, such as mortar or concrete, is selected depending on the environment in which the L-shaped retaining wall 11 will be used.

[0015] (L-shaped retaining wall 11 (concrete product)) FIG. 3 shows a front view of a concrete product according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the concrete product is an L-shaped retaining wall 11. FIG. 1 also shows three views of a support hole 15 provided in the upper part of the concrete product. FIG. 1(A) is a front view, FIG. 1(B) is a cross-sectional view from the side, and FIG. 1(C) is a plan view. The plan view of FIG. 1(C) is a view when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the upper surface 12b of the L-shaped retaining wall 11, and FIG. 1(B) is a view when viewed from a direction parallel to the upper surface 12b of the L-shaped retaining wall 11.

[0016] The L-shaped retaining wall 11 has a vertical wall 12. A support hole 15 for a support pillar is provided at the top of this vertical wall 12, and stands upward from the upper surface 12b of the vertical wall 12. This support hole 15 opens upward and also opens to a plane perpendicular to the X direction, which is the thickness direction of the vertical wall 12, i.e., a first side surface 12a which is one of the YZ planes.

[0017] Furthermore, the support hole 15 is funnel-shaped with the width of its opening being greater than the width of its bottom. Specifically, in a plane parallel to the upper surface 12b of the vertical wall 12, the length in a direction perpendicular to the X direction, which is the thickness direction of the vertical wall 12, i.e., approximately the Y direction, increases at a constant rate from the bottom to the top of the vertical wall 12. With this configuration, as shown in Figure 1(A), the length t2 of the support hole 15 at its lowest position is shorter than the length t1 of the support hole 15 at its highest position.

[0018] Furthermore, the shape of the opening of the support hole 15 in the thickness direction of the vertical wall 12, i.e., in a plane perpendicular to the X direction (YZ plane), is line-symmetric with respect to one of the planes perpendicular to the upper surface 12b of the vertical wall 12, which in this embodiment is approximately the ZX plane represented by symbol C in Figure 1(A). Here, the "shape of the opening in the plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall 12" is the shape shown in Figure 1(A). In Figure 1(A), the side surfaces of the support hole 15 are shown line-symmetric with respect to this center line C as the axis of symmetry.

[0019] In addition, the taper of the funnel-shaped opening in Fig. 1A, which shows the thickness direction of the vertical wall 12 of the support hole 15, i.e., the plane perpendicular to the X direction (YZ plane), is preferably 10% to 25%. In this embodiment, the taper, i.e., (t1-t2) / d x 100, is set to 20%.

[0020] Because the length of the support hole 15 increases from t2 at its lowest position to t1 at its highest position, i.e., at a constant rate from bottom to top, the support 31 can be easily installed vertically even when the concrete product is installed on a slope with a predetermined gradient. Furthermore, because the support hole 15 opens upward and to the first side surface 12a, which is one of the surfaces perpendicular to the X direction, which is the thickness direction of the vertical wall 12, the weight of the L-shaped retaining wall 11, which is a concrete product, can be reduced, and the diameter of the support 31 can be increased so as to prevent the support 31 from collapsing, while the thickness of the vertical wall 12 where the support 31 is located can be increased.

[0021] The shape of the opening of the support hole 15 in a plane perpendicular to the X direction, which is the thickness direction of the vertical wall 12, is symmetrical with respect to one of the planes perpendicular to the upper surface 12b of the vertical wall 12, for example, the center line represented by symbol C in Figure 1(A).Therefore, even if the upper surface 12b of the vertical wall 12 is not horizontal due to the gradient of the slope, the formwork for the support hole 15 is installed perpendicular to the formwork for the upper surface of the vertical wall 12, so that the parts can be standardized and manufacturing costs can be reduced.

[0022] By setting the taper of the shape of the support hole 15 to 10% or more and 25% or less, demolding becomes easier, and vertical supports can be easily installed even when the upper surface 12b of the vertical wall 12 is not horizontal due to the gradient of the slope. If the slope gradient is 0 to 5%, a taper of 10% can ensure sufficient gaps for the filler. If the slope gradient is 15%, a taper of 25% can also ensure sufficient gaps for the filler.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 1, the first side surface 12a has positioning recesses 17 on both the left and right sides of the support hole 15 when viewed in the thickness direction of the vertical wall 12, i.e., the X direction. As shown in FIG. 3, a closing plate 20 fits into the positioning recesses 17, and the opening of the support hole 15 in the first side surface 12a is closed by the closing plate 20. The closing plate 20 is preferably made of steel. However, the closing plate 20 may also be made of a high-strength resin. Four anchors 16 for fixing the closing plate 20 are driven into the vertical wall 12. Anchor bolts 21 are screwed into the anchors 16 to fix the closing plate 20.

[0024] By providing positioning recesses 17 on both the left and right sides of the support hole 15, when a closing plate 20 is provided to close the support hole 15, it can be easily positioned.

[0025] (Assembling method of support 31) FIG. 3 shows a front view of a concrete product according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view thereof from above.

[0026] In the first step, a worker processes through holes for the U-bands 23, which are fasteners, in the closing plate 20. The positions of these through holes are determined by the magnitude of the gradient of the upper surface 12b of the vertical wall 12. The worker also assembles the U-bands 23, which are used to fasten the supports 31, to the closing plate 20 using U-band nuts 22. At this time, the supports 31 are not used.

[0027] In the second step, the worker positions the closing plate 20 by utilizing the positioning recess 17, and fixes it with the anchor bolt 21 so as to close the support hole 15.

[0028] In the third step, the worker inserts the support 31 into the inside of the U-band 23. Then, the support 31 becomes vertical and is fixed using the U-band 23 so that the height of the support 31 from the upper surface 12b of the vertical wall 12 is a predetermined height.

[0029] In the fourth step, the worker injects mortar, which is a fixing agent, into the gaps in the support hole portions 15, and waits until the mortar hardens.

[0030] The concrete structure 10 is provided with a closing plate 20 for closing the support hole 15 and a fixing device for fixing the support 31 to the closing plate 20, which makes it easier to fix the support 31 vertically using a fixing agent.

[0031] In this way, the support hole 15 provided in the vertical wall 12 opens upward and toward the first side surface 12a, which is one of the surfaces perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall 12. This allows the thickness of the second side surface 12c opposite the first side surface 12a to be increased at the position where the support 31 is located, thereby allowing the support 31 to be made thicker and preventing concrete from breaking toward the second side surface 12c. In addition, because the support 31 is fixed to the closure plate 20 with the fasteners of the U-bands 23, even if a load is applied to the support 31 toward the first side surface 12a, sufficient strength against the load can be ensured and the fixing agent filling the support hole 15 can be prevented from breaking.

[0032] (others) In the above assembly method, the U-band 23 is used as a fastener for fixing the support 31 to the closing plate 20, but the fastener is not limited to this. For example, if a fastening hole is provided perpendicular to the axis of the support 31 and the support 31 is fixed to the closing plate 20 with a bolt using this hole, the bolt will be the fastener.

[0033] Furthermore, there is also a case where no fixing tool is used as a method for assembling the support 31. In this case, the support 31 is temporarily fixed to the vertical wall 12, and in this state, mortar or the like as a fixing agent is injected into the gap. [Explanation of symbols]

[0034] 10 Concrete Structures 11 L-shaped retaining wall (concrete product) 12 Vertical Wall 12a 1st side 12b Top side 15 Hole for pillar 17 Positioning recess 20 Flat plate for closing 31 Post

Claims

1. It has a vertical wall, a support hole portion for a support column extending upward from the upper surface of the vertical wall is provided in the upper portion of the vertical wall; The shape of the opening of the support hole portion on a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall is as follows: In a plane parallel to the upper surface of the vertical wall, the length in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction increases at a constant rate from the bottom to the top of the vertical wall, The support hole portion opens upward and to a first side surface that is one of the surfaces perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall. A concrete product characterized by:

2. The shape of the opening of the support hole portion on a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall is Axially symmetric with respect to one of the planes perpendicular to the upper surface of the vertical wall.

2. The concrete product according to claim 1.

3. The shape of the opening of the support hole portion on a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vertical wall is The taper is 10% or more and 25% or less.

3. The concrete product according to claim 2.

4. The first side surface is provided with positioning recesses on both the left and right sides of the support hole portion when viewed from the thickness direction of the vertical wall.

2. The concrete product according to claim 1.

5. A concrete structure in which a plurality of concrete products according to claim 1 are bonded together, a support inserted into the support hole and fixed with a fixing agent; a closing plate provided on the first side surface for closing the support hole; and a fastener for fastening the support to the closing plate. A concrete structure characterized by:

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