Shield machine cleaning device and cutter head cleaning method

Abstract

To provide a shield machine washing device and a cutter bit washing method capable of removing sediment sticking between cutter bits and in a chamber in a shield construction method.SOLUTION: A shield machine washing device 6 equipped with a rod 61 arranged so as to pierce a partition wall, the injection nozzle 62 provided to the leading end of the rod 61 and a water supply means 63 connected to the base end of the rod 61 is used. The injection nozzle 62 is inclined with respect to the central axis of the rod 61, and is capable of injecting the high-pressure water W fed from the water feeding means 63 rearward of the distal end of the rod 61.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a shield machine cleaning device and a cutter head cleaning method that can be used in a shield construction method. [Background technology]

[0002] In the shield tunneling method, the ground is excavated using a cutter head installed in front of the shield tunneling machine, and the excavation is carried out using thrust provided by existing segments formed behind the shield tunneling machine. The excavated soil cut by the cutter head is taken into a chamber, which is the space between the cutter head and a partition formed behind the cutter head, and then transported outside the tunnel by transportation means.

[0003] When excavating clay layers using the shield tunneling method, clayey soil may adhere between the cutter bits of the cutter head, reducing the cutting ability of the cutter bits, or clayey soil may adhere inside the chamber. A reduction in the cutting ability of the cutter bits affects the progress of excavation, hindering efforts to shorten construction periods. Furthermore, if clayey soil adheres inside the chamber, the excavated soil cannot be discharged, affecting the progress of excavation. Therefore, when excavating clay layers, it is necessary to remove the adhered soil as needed. Furthermore, when excavating not only clay layers but also cement-based ground improvement bodies, unreacted cement may react and harden inside the face plate or chamber, reducing the cutting ability of the cutter bits.

[0004] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a shield machine cleaning device that includes a sheath tube, a swivel mechanism installed inside the sheath tube, and a spray nozzle attached to the tip of the sheath tube so that it can rotate freely around an axis perpendicular to the axis of the sheath tube via the swivel mechanism.In the shield machine cleaning device of Patent Document 1, the sheath tube that penetrates the partition is operated from outside the partition, and the spray nozzle is moved back and forth and rotated to clean the spaces between the cutter bits and the inside of the chamber. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 02-272196 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The shield machine cleaning device in Patent Document 1 is capable of cleaning the cutter bit by rotating the spray nozzle via a swivel mechanism, but when the spray nozzle is protruding forward of the cutter head, soil and sand may prevent the spray nozzle from rotating.

[0007] From this perspective, the present invention aims to propose a shield machine cleaning device and a cutter bit cleaning method that make it possible to remove soil and sand that has adhered between cutter bits and inside chambers during shield construction. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The shield machine cleaning device of the present invention, which solves the above problem, includes a rod disposed through a partition wall, a spray nozzle provided at the tip of the rod, and a water supply means connected to the base end of the rod. The spray nozzle is inclined with respect to the central axis of the rod, and enables high-pressure water supplied from the water supply means to be sprayed rearward of the tip of the rod.

[0009] With this shield machine cleaning device, high-pressure water is sprayed backward from the spray nozzle attached to the tip of the rod, so that the cutter bit can be cleaned by spraying high-pressure water while the tip of the rod is protruding forward of the cutter head (cutter spoke). Also, because the spray nozzle (spray direction) is set to face backward, it is possible to prevent the spray nozzle from being blocked by earth and sand during the process of installing the rod, etc.

[0010] In order to perform cleaning more efficiently and over a wider area, it is desirable that a pair of the spray nozzles be arranged on either side of the central axis of the rod, and that the interior angle between the pair of spray nozzles be an obtuse angle. In addition, if an opening and closing means is provided on the partition and a prepender is attached to the opening and closing means, and the rod is inserted through the opening and closing means and the prepender, it is possible to prevent soil and sand from being ejected through the rod even if there is a pressure difference between the chamber and the inside of the shield machine body.

[0011] In addition, the cutter head cleaning method of the present invention uses the shield machine cleaning device to clean cutter bits attached to the cutter head of a shield machine, and includes a first drilling step in which a drilling machine is used to drill holes until the tip of the rod is positioned in front of the cutter head, a second drilling step in which the rod is inserted into the opening of the cutter head by manually pushing the rod, a third drilling step in which the drilling machine is used to drill holes until the tip of the rod is positioned in front of the cutter head, and a cleaning step in which high-pressure water is sprayed from the spray nozzle to clean the cutter bit.

[0012] According to this cutter head cleaning method, in the second hole drilling step, the rod is manually pushed in as it penetrates the cutter head, so even if the rod or injection nozzle comes into contact with the cutter head, damage can be prevented.

[0013] In the cleaning process, the high-pressure water can be sprayed over a wider area by spraying the high-pressure water while rotating the rod or the spray nozzle and moving the rod back and forth. Furthermore, by rotating the cutter head by a predetermined angle and changing the cleaning position of the cutter head, the entire cutter head can be cleaned with a small number of rods. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] The shield machine cleaning device and cutter bit cleaning method of the present invention make it possible to remove soil and sand that has adhered between cutter bits and inside chambers during shield construction, thereby maintaining the cutting ability of the cutter bits and enabling stable excavation. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an overview of a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a cross-sectional view and (b) is a front view. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a shield machine cleaning device. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an injection nozzle. [Figure 4] 10 is a flowchart showing the steps of a cutter head cleaning method. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a first hole drilling step. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a second hole drilling step. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a third hole drilling step. [Figure 8] FIG. [Figure 9] 10A and 10B are front views showing the rotation process, where (a) is before rotation, (b) is after rotation, (c) is after the second rotation, and (d) is after the third rotation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] In this embodiment, a case where a tunnel is constructed using the shield method in natural ground containing a clay layer will be described. Figure 1 shows an overview of a shield machine 1 of this embodiment. In the shield method, the shield machine 1 bores a hole in the natural ground G, and a tunnel is formed by installing a segment ring R in series behind the shield machine 1. The shield machine 1 excavates using thrust secured from the existing segment ring R formed behind the shield machine 1.

[0017] As shown in Figure 1(a), the shield tunneling machine 1 comprises a cutter head 2 provided at the front end in the tunneling direction, a main body 3 provided behind the cutter head 2, a partition wall 4 formed in front of the main body 3, a plurality of shield jacks 5, 5, ... provided at the rear of the main body 3, and a shield machine cleaning device 6 (see Figure 2).

[0018] The cutter head 2 cuts the natural ground G by rotating using the power of the motor 21. The surplus soil (excavated earth and sand) generated by cutting is taken into a chamber 32, which is the space between the cutter head 2 and the partition wall 4. As shown in FIG. 1(b), the cutter head 2 of this embodiment is a spoke-type cutter head having a fishtail bit 22 provided in the center and multiple spokes 23, 23, ... extending radially from the center. Multiple cutter bits 24, 24, ... are fixed to the spokes 23 at intervals.

[0019] As shown in Figure 1(a), the main body 3 is provided with a cylindrical body (skin plate) 31, a motor 21 that powers the cutter head 2, and a conveying means (screw conveyor, belt conveyor, etc.) 33 that discharges excavated soil from a chamber 32. The excavated soil taken into the chamber 32 is transported outside the tunnel via the conveying means 33.

[0020] The partition wall 4 shields the front of the main body 3. The partition wall 4 is formed at a position set back from the tip of the cylindrical body 31 toward the mine mouth. A gap (chamber 32) is formed between the partition wall 4 and the cutter head 2. As shown in FIG. 1(b), the partition wall 4 has multiple cleaning holes 41, 41, 41 formed therein, and also has an earth removal port 42 formed corresponding to the position of the conveying means 33. As shown in FIG. 2, the cleaning hole 41 is provided with an opening / closing means 7. The opening / closing means 7 includes a sleeve pipe 71 provided to communicate with the cleaning hole 41 and an opening / closing valve 72 provided on the sleeve pipe 71. The sleeve pipe 71 has an inner diameter that allows the rod 61 to be inserted therethrough. A pre-bender 8, through which the rod 61 can be inserted, is attached to the base end of the sleeve pipe 71.

[0021] The thrust of the shield machine 1 is secured by extending the shield jacks 5 pressed against the segment rings R assembled at the rear of the main body 3. As shown in FIG. 1(a), the shield jacks 5 are disposed on the inner surface of the cylindrical body 31 at the rear of the main body 3. The multiple shield jacks 5, 5, ... are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 31.

[0022] The shield machine cleaning device 6 removes soil and sand that has accumulated between the cutter bits and inside the chamber by excavating ground containing clay layers. As shown in Figure 2, the shield machine cleaning device 6 includes a rod 61 that penetrates the partition wall, a spray nozzle 62 attached to the tip of the rod 61, and a water supply means 63 connected to the base end of the rod 61. The rod 61 is inserted through an open / close valve 72 and a pre-bender 8. The rod 61 is rotatable around its central axis.

[0023] FIG. 3 shows the jet nozzle 62. As shown in FIG. 3, the jet nozzle 62 is mounted inside a cylindrical head portion 64 fixed to the tip of the rod 61. The tip of the jet nozzle 62 is disposed in a recess in the head portion 64 and does not protrude from the head portion 64. In this embodiment, a pair of jet nozzles (jet holes) 62, 62 are provided on either side of the central axis of the rod 61. The jet nozzle 62 is inclined with respect to the central axis of the rod 61. The interior angle of the jet directions of the pair of jet nozzles 62, 62 (the sum of the inclination angles with respect to the central axis of the rod 61) is an obtuse angle. As a result, the jet nozzle 62 jets high-pressure water delivered from the water delivery means 63 behind the tip of the rod 61. The jet pressure of the high-pressure water is not limited, but in this embodiment, it is set within the range of 100 to 230 MPa to clean an area of ​​1700 to 2400 mm. The spray direction of the spray nozzle 62 may be tilted backward within a range of 5 to 85 degrees with respect to a reference plane that is perpendicular to the central axis of the rod 61 and passes through the tip of the spray nozzle 62, but from the viewpoint of ensuring a large cleaning area, it is preferably tilted backward within a range of 10 to 30 degrees. The spray direction of the spray nozzle 62 in Figure 3 is tilted backward by 13 degrees with respect to the reference plane.

[0024] A conical tip member 65 is fixed to the tip of the head portion 64. A water collecting member 66 that collects the high-pressure water supplied via the rod 61 is provided at the base end of the head portion 64. The water collecting member 66 is connected to the jet nozzle 62 via a branch pipe 67. The high-pressure water W supplied via the rod 61 is sprayed from the jet nozzle 62 via the water collecting member 66 and the branch pipe 67. The head portion 64 (jet nozzle 62) may rotate together with the rod 61 around the central axis of the rod 61, or may rotate relative to the rod 61.

[0025] When earth and sand adheres between the cutter bits attached to the cutter head 2 of the shield machine 1 as the shield machine 1 excavates, the cutter bits are cleaned using the shield machine cleaning device 6. In the cutter head cleaning method of this embodiment, the tip of the rod 61 is disposed in front of the cutter head 2 (towards the face), and high-pressure water is sprayed from the spray nozzle 62 to remove the earth and sand adhering between the cutter bits 24. Figure 4 shows the steps of the cutter head cleaning method. As shown in Figure 4, the cutter head cleaning method includes a first hole drilling step S1, a second hole drilling step S2, a third hole drilling step S3, a cleaning step S4, a retraction step S5, and a rotation step S6.

[0026] The first hole-drilling step S1 is shown in Figure 5. In the first hole-drilling step S1, first, the rod 61 is inserted into the cleaning hole 41 via the opening / closing means 7 provided on the partition wall 4. Next, as shown in Figure 5, a hole is drilled using a drilling machine 68 installed in the main body 3 until the tip of the rod 61 is positioned in front of the cutter head 2 (spokes 23). The drilling machine 68 drills a hole by having a drilling machine main body 68a (see Figure 2) apply a rotational force to the rod 61 and sliding along a rail 68b (see Figure 2).

[0027] The second hole-drilling step S2 is shown in Figure 6. In the second hole-drilling step S2, the rod 61 is manually pushed in, so that the rod 61 is inserted into the opening of the cutter head 2 (between the spokes 23), as shown in Figure 6. In the second hole-drilling step S2, the rod 61 is gradually pushed in manually using, for example, a lever hoist or chain block (not shown), and holes are drilled while making sure that the rod 61 does not come into contact with the spokes 23. By manually drilling the holes without using a drilling machine 68, damage to the rod 61 and the spokes 23 is prevented.

[0028] The third hole-drilling step S3 is shown in Figure 7. As shown in Figure 7, in the third hole-drilling step S3, a hole is drilled using a drilling machine 68 until the tip of the rod 61 is positioned in front of the cutter head 2. Because the rod 61 is inserted through the opening of the cutter head 2, even when a hole is drilled using the drilling machine 68, the rod 61 will not come into contact with the cutter head 2 and be damaged.

[0029] FIG. 8 shows the cleaning step S4. As shown in FIG. 8, in the cleaning step S4, high-pressure water W is sprayed from the spray nozzle 62 to clean the cutter bit 24. In the cleaning step S4, the rod 61 is rotated and swung back and forth while spraying the high-pressure water W. In this embodiment, the rod 61 is rotated and moved back and forth by the drilling machine 68. This causes the spray nozzle 62 to rotate together with the rod 61, and a predetermined range around the rod 61 is cleaned. Note that if the head portion 64 is configured to rotate relative to the rod 61, the head portion 64 may be rotated.

[0030] In the retracting step S5, the rod 61 is retracted after cleaning the cutter head 2. The rod 61 may be retracted manually or by a machine such as a drilling machine 68. The rotation step S6 is shown in Fig. 9. As shown in Fig. 9, in the rotation step S6, the cleaning area (A1 to A4) is changed and the cutter head 2 is rotated by a predetermined angle within a range in which the rod 61 does not come into contact with the spokes 23. Thereafter, the first hole drilling step S1 to the rotation step S6 are repeated to clean the entire circumference of the cutter head 2 (see FIG. 9). Similarly, the outer and middle circumferences of the cutter head 2 are also cleaned using each cleaning hole 41 (see FIG. 2(b)).

[0031] According to the shield machine cleaning device 6 of this embodiment, high-pressure water W is sprayed rearward from a spray nozzle 62 provided at the tip of a rod 61. That is, by spraying high-pressure water W with the tip of the rod 61 protruding forward of the cutter head 2 (spokes 23), it is possible to clean the cutter bit 24. Furthermore, since the injection nozzle 62 is provided facing backward, the injection nozzle 62 is prevented from being blocked by earth and sand during the process of disposing the rod 61 (such as during the process of drilling earth and sand inside the chamber 32).

[0032] In addition, a pair of spray nozzles 62, 62 are arranged on either side of the central axis of the spray nozzle, and the interior angle of the spray directions of the pair of spray nozzles 62, 62 is an obtuse angle, making it possible to perform cleaning more efficiently and over a wider area. Furthermore, since the prepender 8 is provided, even if there is a pressure difference between the inside of the chamber 32 and the inside of the main body 3, it is possible to prevent earth and sand from being ejected through the rod 61.

[0033] According to the cutter head cleaning method of this embodiment, in the second hole drilling step S2, the rod 61 is manually pushed in as it penetrates the cutter head 2, so that even if the rod 61 or the injection nozzle 62 comes into contact with the cutter head 2, damage can be prevented.

[0034] In addition, in the cleaning process S4, the rod 61 or the spray nozzle 62 is rotated around the axis (the central axis of the rod 61), and the high-pressure water W is sprayed while the rod 61 is moved back and forth, thereby spraying the high-pressure water over a wider area. Furthermore, since the cleaning position of the cutter head 2 is changed by rotating the cutter head 2 by a predetermined angle, the cutter head 2 can be cleaned over a wide area with a small number of rods 61 (shield machine cleaning device 6).

[0035] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and each of the above-described components can be appropriately modified within the scope of the present invention. For example, although the above embodiment has been described with reference to cleaning of the cutter head 2, the shield machine cleaning device 6 may also be used to clean the inside of the chamber 32. That is, with the tip of the rod 61 positioned inside the chamber 32, it is possible to spray high-pressure water W from the spray nozzle 62 to remove clayey soil adhering to the inside of the chamber 32.

[0036] The configuration of the shield machine 1 is not limited to that shown in the above embodiment. For example, the shape of the cutter head 2 is not limited to that shown in Fig. 1(b). Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the case where the spoke-shaped cutter head 2 is cleaned has been described, but the shape of the cutter head 2 is not limited thereto, and it may be, for example, a faceplate-shaped cutter head.

[0037] The objects to be removed by the shield machine cleaning device 6 are not limited to clayey soil, and it may also be used to remove excavated soil other than clayey soil. For example, when excavating through a cement-based ground improvement body, unreacted cement may react and harden inside the face plate or chamber, and in this case too, the shield machine cleaning device 6 can be used to remove it. In the retracting step S5, it is sufficient to retract the rod 61 at least until the tip of the rod 61 is positioned on the wellhead side of the cutter head 2, and it is not necessary to retract the rod 61. [Explanation of symbols]

[0038] 1. Shield tunneling machine 2 cutter heads 21 Motor 22 Fishtail Bit 23 spokes 24 cutter bits 3 Main body 31 Cylindrical body (skin plate) 32 Chambers 33 Transportation 4 Bulkhead 5 Shield Jack 6. Shield machine cleaning equipment 61 Rod 62 Injection nozzle 63 Water conveyance means 64 Head 7 Opening and closing means 8 Prepender

Claims

1. a rod disposed through the partition wall; an injection nozzle provided at the tip of the rod; A shield machine cleaning device comprising: a water supply means connected to the base end of the rod; A shield machine cleaning device characterized in that the spray nozzle is inclined with respect to the central axis of the rod, and is capable of spraying high-pressure water supplied from the water supply means rearward of the tip of the rod.

2. 2. The shield machine cleaning device according to claim 1, wherein a pair of the jet nozzles are provided on either side of the central axis of the rod.

3. 3. The shield machine cleaning device according to claim 2, wherein an interior angle between the pair of jet nozzles is an obtuse angle.

4. An opening / closing means is provided on the partition wall, and a pre-bender is attached to the opening / closing means, The shield machine cleaning device according to claim 1, wherein the rod is inserted through the opening / closing means and the pre-bender.

5. A cutter head cleaning method for cleaning a cutter bit attached to a cutter head of a shield machine using the shield machine cleaning device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a first drilling step of drilling a hole using a drilling machine until the tip of the rod is positioned in front of the cutter head; a second drilling step of manually pushing the rod to insert the rod into the opening of the cutter head; a third drilling step of drilling a hole using a drilling machine until the tip of the rod is positioned in front of the cutter head; a cleaning step of spraying high-pressure water from the spray nozzle to clean the cutter bit.

6. 6. The cutter head cleaning method according to claim 5, wherein in the cleaning step, the high-pressure water is sprayed while rotating the rod or the spray nozzle.

7. 6. The cutter head cleaning method according to claim 5, wherein in the cleaning step, the high-pressure water is sprayed while the rod is swung back and forth.

8. 6. The cutter head cleaning method according to claim 5, wherein the cleaning position of the cutter head is changed by rotating the cutter head by a predetermined angle.

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