Composition for increasing core body temperature

Abstract

To provide a new material for raising a deep body temperature.SOLUTION: A composition for increasing core body temperature comprising macadamia nut oil is provided. And to provide a composition for suppressing and reducing sleepiness, fatigue feeling and hunger feeling. The present invention further provides a composition for increasing a core body temperature, which suppresses an increase in a blood glucose level. The present invention further provides a composition for increasing a core body temperature, which promotes energy consumption.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a composition for increasing core body temperature. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, so-called "morning activities," which involve making effective use of early morning hours, have been attracting attention. When engaging in morning activities, it is necessary to get up early in the morning, and it is therefore necessary to alleviate sleepiness.

[0003] As described in Non-Patent Document 1, it is known that human sleep is closely related to the core body temperature rhythm, and an increase in core body temperature indicates that the sleep state is changing toward awakening and that sympathetic nervous activity is becoming more active. In other words, it is thought that increasing core body temperature will lead to the alleviation of sleepiness for morning activities.

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses a composition for increasing core body temperature that uses one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of phenol compounds and cyclolanostane compounds. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2019 / 043998 [Non-patent literature]

[0006] [Non-Patent Document 1] Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of Japan, Vol. 84, No. 6, 2000, pp. 354-361 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide a new material that increases core body temperature. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The present inventors conducted extensive research to solve the above problems and discovered that macadamia nut oil has the effect of increasing core body temperature. Furthermore, the present inventors also discovered that macadamia nut oil has the effects of suppressing drowsiness, reducing fatigue, suppressing blood sugar elevation, and promoting energy consumption. Based on these findings, the present inventors have completed the present invention.

[0009] That is, the present invention provides: (1) A composition for increasing core body temperature, comprising macadamia nut oil as an active ingredient; (2) A composition for suppressing drowsiness, comprising macadamia nut oil as an active ingredient; (3) A composition for reducing fatigue, comprising macadamia nut oil as an active ingredient; (4) the composition for increasing core body temperature according to (1) for suppressing an increase in blood glucose level; (5) The composition for increasing core body temperature according to (1) for promoting energy expenditure; (6) The composition according to any one of (1) to (3), which is taken before or simultaneously with a meal. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] The present invention provides a composition for increasing core body temperature. It also provides a composition that suppresses or alleviates drowsiness, fatigue, and hunger. It also provides a composition for increasing core body temperature that suppresses increases in blood glucose levels. It also provides a composition for increasing core body temperature that promotes energy consumption. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] 1 is a graph showing changes in core body temperature when consuming a commercially available bread roll, a commercially available bread roll and a composition according to the present invention, a commercially available bread roll and commercially available soybean oil. Control: 2 pieces of bread, Invention: 1.5 pieces of bread + macadamia nut oil (MNO) (calorie equivalent), 2 pieces of bread + MNO (carbohydrate equivalent), Comparative Example: 1.5 pieces of bread + soybean oil (SBO) (calorie equivalent), 2 pieces of bread + SBO (carbohydrate equivalent). [Figure 2]1 is a graph showing changes in blood glucose levels when a commercially available bread roll, a commercially available bread roll and a composition according to the present invention, a commercially available bread roll and commercially available soybean oil are ingested. Control: 2 pieces of bread, present invention: 2 pieces of bread + MNO (equivalent to carbohydrates), Comparative example: 2 pieces of bread + SBO (equivalent to carbohydrates). [Figure 3] 1 is a graph showing the progression of sleepiness when a commercially available bread roll is ingested, and when a commercially available bread roll and a composition according to the present invention are ingested. Control: 2 pieces of bread, Invention: 1.5 pieces of bread + MNO (calorie equivalent), 2 pieces of bread + MNO (carbohydrate equivalent) [Figure 4] 1 is a graph showing the change in fatigue sensation when a commercially available bread roll is ingested, and when a commercially available bread roll and a composition according to the present invention are ingested. Control: 2 pieces of bread, Invention: 1.5 pieces of bread + MNO (calorie equivalent), 2 pieces of bread + MNO (carbohydrate equivalent) [Figure 5] 1 is a graph showing the change in hunger sensation when a commercially available bread roll is ingested, and when a commercially available bread roll and a composition according to the present invention are ingested. Control: 2 pieces of bread, Invention: 1.5 pieces of bread + MNO (calorie equivalent), 2 pieces of bread + MNO (carbohydrate equivalent) [Figure 6] 1 is a graph showing the change in diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) when a commercially available bread roll is ingested, a commercially available bread roll and a composition according to the present invention, a commercially available bread roll and a commercially available soybean oil. Control: 2 pieces of bread, present invention: 2 pieces of bread + MNO (equivalent to carbohydrates), Comparative example: 2 pieces of bread + SBO (equivalent to carbohydrates). [Figure 7-1] 1 is a graph showing the change in sleepiness after ingesting a commercially available bread roll, a commercially available bread roll, and an example of a composition according to the present invention. Control: 2.5 loaves of bread, Invention: 2 loaves of bread + MNO (calorie equivalent). [Figure 7-2] 1 is a graph showing the progression of sleepiness when a commercially available roll bread, an example of a composition of the present invention, and commercially available soybean oil are ingested. Present invention: 2 pieces of bread + MNO (calorie equivalent), Comparative example: 2 pieces of bread + SBO (carbohydrate equivalent). [Figure 8] 1 shows the results of an evaluation of the effect on core body temperature when rats were given macadamia nut oil, palmitoleic acid, or soybean oil in Test Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] In one aspect, the present invention provides a composition for increasing core body temperature, comprising macadamia nut oil as an active ingredient. Unless otherwise specified, % in this specification means % by mass.

[0013] Macadamia nut oil is a fatty oil obtained from the seeds of macadamia (e.g., Macadamia Integrifolia, Macadamia ternifolia, Macadamia Tetraphylla, etc.). Macadamia nut oil is commercially available under the trade names "NIKKOL Macadamia Nut Oil" (Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.), "Refined Macadamia Oil" (NOF Corporation), "Super MC Oil" (Nikko Rica Corporation), and "Nissin Macadamia Nut Oil" (Nissin Oillio Co., Ltd.), and these commercially available products may also be used.

[0014] Although not limited thereto, macadamia nut oil may contain about 20% palmitoleic acid as a constituent fatty acid. Thus, in one embodiment, the composition of this aspect may contain triglycerides containing palmitoleic acid as a constituent fatty acid, for example, 10% or more, 12% or more, 14% or more, 15% or more, 16% or more, 18% or more, 20% or more, 22% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, 14 to 99%, 18 to 99%, 20 to 99%, 22 to 99%, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more. Contains triglycerides as the active ingredient, including up to 99%, 30-99%, 14-95%, 18-95%, 20-95%, 22-95%, 25-95%, 30-95%, 14-80%, 18-80%, 20-80%, 22-80%, 25-80%, 30-80%, 14-75%, 18-75%, 20-75%, 22-75%, 25-75%, and 30-75%. In another embodiment, the composition of this aspect contains palmitoleic acid monoglyceride, palmitoleic acid diglyceride, palmitoleic acid triglyceride, or polyglycerol palmitoleate, palmitoleic acid ethyl ester, or a mixture thereof as an active ingredient, in an amount of, for example, 10% or more, 12% or more, 14% or more, 15% or more, 16% or more, 18% or more, 20% or more, 22% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, 14 to 99%, 18 to 99%, 20 to 99%, 22 to 99%, 25 to 99%, 30 to 99%, 14 to 95%, 18 to 95%, 20 to 95%, 22 to 95%, 25 to 95%, 30 to 95%, 14 to 80%, 18 to 80%, 20 to 80%, 22 to 80%, 25 to 80%, 30 to 80%, 14 to 75%, 18 to 75%, 20 to 75%, 22 to 75%, 25 to 75%, 30 to 75%. Therefore, in some embodiments, the present invention may include an embodiment in which macadamia nut oil is replaced with the above-mentioned triglyceride, palmitoleic acid glyceride, or ester. Palmitoleic acid glyceride can be obtained, for example, by transesterification of triglyceride with palmitoleic acid ester. The origin of the triglyceride, palmitoleic acid glyceride, or ester is not limited, and examples thereof include macadamia nut oil, sea cucumber oil, fish oil, avocado oil, oil derived from palmitoleic acid-producing bacteria such as coryne fungi and yeast, and seal oil.

[0015] In certain embodiments, the composition of this aspect can increase core body temperature. Core body temperature, as used herein, refers to the temperature inside the body, such as the brain and internal organs, and is always stable within a certain range. In contrast, skin temperature is the temperature on the surface of the body, and is easily affected by the external environment. As used herein, an increase in core body temperature refers to an increase in core body temperature after ingestion of the composition compared to before ingestion.

[0016] The method for measuring core body temperature is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be measured using a Core Body Temperature Monitor (GreenTEG).

[0017] In one embodiment, the core body temperature increasing composition of this aspect increases core body temperature 60 minutes after ingestion by 0.1°C or more, for example, 0.1 to 1°C, or 0.15 to 0.6°C, compared to core body temperature 15 minutes after ingestion.

[0018] In one embodiment, the composition for elevating core body temperature of this aspect can suppress an increase in postprandial blood glucose level. As used herein, "suppressing an increase in blood glucose level" primarily refers to suppressing or alleviating an increase in blood glucose concentration after a meal.

[0019] The method for measuring blood glucose levels is not particularly limited, and for example, blood glucose levels can be measured using Glutest i or Glutest aqua (both manufactured by Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho).

[0020] In one embodiment, the composition for elevating core body temperature of this embodiment can suppress the rise in blood glucose level compared to a meal that does not contain the composition for elevating core body temperature, in which the diet is adjusted to have an equal amount of carbohydrates. For example, if the blood glucose level immediately after ingestion is set to 100, the blood glucose level 15 minutes after ingestion can be suppressed to 120 or less, for example, 80 to 110.

[0021] In some embodiments, ingesting the composition of this embodiment can suppress drowsiness compared to not ingesting it. In some embodiments, ingesting the composition of this embodiment can suppress fatigue compared to not ingesting it. Furthermore, in some embodiments, ingesting the composition of this embodiment can suppress hunger compared to not ingesting it.

[0022] The above-mentioned drowsiness, fatigue, and hunger sensations can be determined using, for example, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The VAS method involves having participants select where their current state is on a 100mm line, with 0mm representing no drowsiness, fatigue, or hunger and 100mm representing extreme drowsiness, fatigue, or hunger. The position immediately after ingestion is set to 0, and the changes in the value (difference) obtained by subtracting each position from 15 minutes to 120 minutes after ingestion are observed.

[0023] In one embodiment, the composition of this embodiment has a VAS score of −10 or less, for example, −10 to −80, for sleepiness and fatigue 60 minutes after ingestion, and −50 or less, for example, −50 to −100, for hunger 60 minutes after ingestion.

[0024] In one embodiment, the core body temperature increasing composition of this aspect generates diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT).

[0025] The method for measuring DIT is not particularly limited, and can be measured using, for example, an exhaled gas analyzer, Aeromonitor AE-300S (Minato Medical Science Co., Ltd.). More specifically, by measuring the amount of oxygen in the inhaled breath and the amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaled breath, the amount of oxygen utilized in the body can be determined, and energy expenditure can be calculated from the amount of oxygen utilized. Energy expenditure can be calculated using the following formula, according to the method of Tadaishi et al., PLoS One. 2011 6(12) e28290. (2011), etc. Energy expenditure (cal / min) = 3.91 VO2 (ml / min) + 1.10 VCO2 (ml / min)

[0026] In one embodiment, the composition for elevating core body temperature of this aspect produces DIT from immediately after ingestion until 180 minutes later, with particularly high DIT observed for 60 to 90 minutes after ingestion.

[0027] In certain embodiments, the core body temperature elevating composition of this embodiment may be effective in preventing or treating sensitivity to cold caused by a decrease in core body temperature and respiratory diseases caused by a decrease in core body temperature. In other embodiments, the composition of this embodiment has the effects of elevating core body temperature, suppressing sleepiness, fatigue, and hunger, and therefore may have the effects of promptly raising morning body temperature, promoting alertness after waking, and alleviating morning sleepiness, fatigue, and hunger (e.g., supporting morning activity). In addition, in certain embodiments, the composition of this embodiment has the same effect of elevating core body temperature as bathing, and when taken, for example, at dinnertime, may have the effect of improving the quality of nighttime sleep. In further embodiments, the composition of this embodiment has the effect of promoting energy consumption by generating diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and further suppressing hunger, which may lead to the prevention of overeating and snacking, and may therefore have the effect of preventing weight gain and promoting weight loss.

[0028] In this embodiment, conditions, symptoms, and diseases caused by a drop in core body temperature include chills in the body (e.g., feeling cold easily, difficulty warming the body), digestive symptoms and conditions (e.g., feeling heavy in the stomach, stomach condition, irregular bowel movements, bloating, vomiting, chronic diarrhea, loss of appetite, loose stools), hypothermia, respiratory symptoms and conditions (e.g., asthma, phlegm, discomfort around breathing (throat and chest), feeling of tightness in the throat and chest, lack of moisture in the throat), dizziness, difficulty standing upright, etc. These include dizziness, orthostatic symptoms and conditions (difficulty waking up in the morning), swelling of the lower limbs (for example, swelling of the feet), chronic fatigue, lethargy, decreased intellectual work ability (for example, decreased concentration, memory, and judgment), decreased exercise performance, obesity (for example, changes in weight, body shape, and constitution), lifestyle-related diseases, symptoms and conditions of sugar and lipid metabolism (disruptions in the metabolic rhythm of sugar and lipids), infertility, and worsening gynecological symptoms and conditions (for example, PMS, irregular menstruation, menopausal disorders, disruptions in female rhythms, and physical discomfort specific to women (for example, disruptions in the cycle, mood swings and physical condition, hot flashes and chills)).

[0029] In one embodiment, the composition of this aspect can be a pharmaceutical composition. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be administered orally or parenterally, with oral administration being preferred. Parenteral administration includes intravenous injection, rectal administration, inhalation, and the like. Such pharmaceuticals can be formulated into a desired dosage form depending on the administration method. For example, in the case of oral administration, they can be formulated into solid preparations such as powders, granules, tablets, and capsules; or liquid preparations such as solutions, syrups, suspensions, and emulsions. In addition, in the case of parenteral administration, they can be formulated into suppositories, ointments, and the like.

[0030] In addition to macadamia nut oil, ingredients commonly used in formulations, such as excipients, pH adjusters, colorants, and flavoring agents, can be used in the formulation. Furthermore, formulation can be carried out by a known method as appropriate depending on the dosage form. When formulating, a pharmaceutical carrier may be appropriately blended to form the formulation.

[0031] Examples of excipients include sugar derivatives such as lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and sorbitol; starch derivatives such as corn starch, potato starch, α-starch, dextrin, and carboxymethyl starch; cellulose derivatives such as crystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose calcium; gum arabic; dextran; pullulan; silicate derivatives such as light anhydrous silicic acid, synthetic aluminum silicate, and magnesium aluminometasilicate; phosphate derivatives such as calcium phosphate; carbonate derivatives such as calcium carbonate; and sulfate derivatives such as calcium sulfate.

[0032] Examples of binders include gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, macrogol, and the like, in addition to the above-mentioned excipients.

[0033] Examples of disintegrants include the above-mentioned excipients, as well as chemically modified starch or cellulose derivatives such as croscarmellose sodium, carboxymethyl starch sodium, and cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone.

[0034] Examples of lubricants include talc; stearic acid; metal stearates such as calcium stearate and magnesium stearate; colloidal silica; waxes such as pea gum and gaelt; boric acid; glycol; carboxylic acids such as fumaric acid and adipic acid; sodium carboxylates such as sodium benzoate; sulfates such as sodium sulfate; leucine; lauryl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium lauryl sulfate; silicic acids such as silicic anhydride and silicic acid hydrate; and starch derivatives.

[0035] Examples of stabilizers include paraoxybenzoic acid esters such as methylparaben and propylparaben; alcohols such as chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol; benzalkonium chloride; acetic anhydride; sorbic acid; and the like.

[0036] Examples of flavoring agents include sweeteners, acidulants, fragrances, etc. In the case of liquid preparations for oral administration, examples of carriers used include solvents such as water.

[0037] The timing of ingestion of the pharmaceutical composition is not particularly limited, but examples include ingestion or administration within a range of 2 hours before to 2 hours after a meal, for example, 1 hour before to 1 hour after a meal, before a meal or simultaneously with a meal, or as a snack. Furthermore, 1 hour before to 1 hour after breakfast is more preferable. Another example is before bedtime, and more specifically, it is preferably ingested or administered 2 hours before to immediately before bedtime. Furthermore, the state before and after ingestion may be either exercise or rest. Furthermore, it is preferable to ingest or administer the pharmaceutical composition 1 hour before exercise to immediately before the start of exercise.

[0038] In one embodiment, the composition of this aspect can be a food composition. The food composition can be provided or sold as a food composition "labeled" for use in increasing core body temperature, suppressing blood sugar level increases, suppressing drowsiness, suppressing fatigue, suppressing hunger, diet-induced thermogenesis, promoting energy consumption, etc. Furthermore, macadamia nut oil can be used to produce these food compositions, etc.

[0039] Such "indication" acts include all acts for informing consumers of the aforementioned uses, and any expression that can recall or infer the aforementioned uses falls under the category of "indication" acts of the present invention, regardless of the purpose of the indication, the content of the indication, the object or medium on which it is displayed, etc.

[0040] Furthermore, it is preferable that the "labeling" be done in an expression that allows consumers to directly recognize the intended use. Specifically, this includes acts of transferring, delivering, displaying for the purpose of transferring or delivering, or importing food and beverage products or product packaging on which the intended use is stated, displaying or distributing advertisements, price lists, or transaction documents related to the products and including the intended use, or providing information containing the above content by electromagnetic means (such as the Internet).

[0041] On the other hand, it is preferable that the content of the labeling be one approved by the government, etc. (for example, a labeling approved based on various systems established by the government and made in a manner based on such approval.) It is also preferable that such content of the labeling be affixed to promotional materials at the point of sale, such as packaging, containers, catalogs, pamphlets, POP displays, and other documents.

[0042] "Labeling" also includes labeling as health food, functional food, enteral nutritional food, special dietary food, health functional food, food for specified health uses, food with nutrient functions, food with functional claims, quasi-drug, etc. Among these, labeling approved by the Consumer Affairs Agency, such as labeling approved under systems related to foods for specified health uses, foods with nutrient functions, or food with functional claims, or similar systems, can be cited. Specific examples include labeling as a food for specified health uses, labeling as a conditional food for specified health uses, labeling that indicates an effect on the structure or function of the body, labeling that reduces disease risk, and labeling of functionality based on scientific evidence. More specifically, typical examples include labeling as a food for specified health uses (especially labeling of health uses) and similar labeling as defined in the Cabinet Office Ordinance on Permission for Special Use Labeling under the Health Promotion Act (Cabinet Office Ordinance No. 57 of August 31, 2009).

[0043] Examples of claims that may be attached to the food composition include "increases core body temperature," "improves immunity," "supports quality sleep," "reduces sleepiness and fatigue upon waking," "helps reduce sleepiness and fatigue upon waking," "promotes alertness upon waking," "suppresses hunger while suppressing increases in blood sugar levels," "relieves temporary stress and fatigue," "helps support morning activities," "improves energy expenditure," "improves metabolism," "reduces body fat," "supports warming activities," "improves poor circulation," "reduces swelling," "relieves menstrual pain," "relieves lower back pain," "relieves stiff shoulders," "promotes metabolism," "promotes detoxification," "improves rough skin," "suppresses frequent urination," "supports efforts to become pregnant," "relieves PMS," "relieves menstrual irregularities," "relieves menopausal symptoms," and "improves concentration, memory, or judgment." "Relieves stomach discomfort," "Eases stomach strain," "Improves bowel movements," "Promotes bowel movements," "Regulates stomach condition," "Supports appetite," "Supports healthy eating habits," "Supports maintaining core body temperature which tends to drop in cold environments, etc.", "Helps to slow the recovery of temporarily dropped core body temperature and maintain a comfortable body temperature rhythm," "Helps to maintain core body temperature within an appropriate range," "Relieves discomfort around breathing (throat and chest) (feeling of tightness in the throat or chest, lack of moisture in the throat)," "Relieves throat and chest discomfort caused by seasonal or environmental changes," "Worried about weight and body fat," "Worried about blood sugar, blood pressure, triglycerides, etc.", "Worried about disruptions to the metabolic rhythm of sugar and lipids (for example, feeling heavy after meals / not feeling refreshed after a fatty meal)," "Helps to maintain normal blood pressure, blood sugar, and triglycerides in people who are beginning to worry about their health," "Relieves disruptions to women's rhythms, Some of the benefits include: "relieving physical discomfort specific to women (for example, irregular periods, mood swings and physical condition fluctuations, hot flashes and chills)," "supporting the nutritional balance of those hoping to become pregnant," "regulating the physical condition of women," "relieving temporary physical and mental discomfort associated with the menstrual cycle," "reducing hot flashes during menopause," "for those who tend to experience residual fatigue," and "reducing loss of motivation."

[0044] The food composition may or may not contain other food ingredients besides macadamia nut oil, such as seasonings (e.g., vinegar, miso, soy sauce, amino acids), acidulants, sweeteners, bittering agents, spices, preservatives, coloring agents, flavorings, salts, sugars, oils and fats, proteins, antioxidants, vitamins, stabilizers, thickeners, and bulking agents.

[0045] In one embodiment, the food composition is a functional food or supplement, and can be formulated into solid preparations such as powders, granules, tablets, capsules (soft capsules, hard capsules), gummies, jellies, chewing gum, etc.; or liquid preparations such as solutions, syrups, suspensions, emulsions, ampoules, sprays, oral liquid diets, enteral nutritional supplements, etc.

[0046] The timing of ingestion of the present food composition is not particularly limited, but examples include ingestion or administration within a range of 2 hours before to 2 hours after a meal, for example, 1 hour before to 1 hour after a meal, before a meal or simultaneously with a meal, or as a snack. Furthermore, 1 hour before to 1 hour after breakfast is more preferable. Another example is before bedtime, and more specifically, it is preferably ingested or administered 2 hours before to just before bedtime. Furthermore, the state before and after ingestion may be either exercise or rest. Furthermore, it is preferable to ingest the present food composition 1 hour before exercise to just before the start of exercise.

[0047] Furthermore, macadamia nut oil can be incorporated as an active ingredient into food and drink products, and processed as a food product having the above-mentioned uses as one embodiment of a food composition.

[0048] Such foods include tablets, capsules (soft capsules, hard capsules), ampoules, sprays, oral liquid foods, enteral nutrients, liquid foods, feed (including for pets), etc., regardless of their form, such as liquid, paste, solid, powder, etc., as well as, for example, flour products, instant foods, processed agricultural products, processed marine products, processed livestock products, milk and dairy products, oils and fats, basic seasonings, complex seasonings and foods, frozen foods, confectionery, beverages, foods for special dietary uses, and other commercially available foods.

[0049] Examples of flour products include bread, macaroni, spaghetti, noodles, cake mixes, fried chicken flour, breadcrumbs, etc.

[0050] Examples of instant foods include instant noodles, cup noodles, retort / prepared foods, canned foods, microwave foods, instant soups / stews, instant miso soup / cleaning liquids, canned soups, freeze-dried foods, and other instant foods.

[0051] Examples of processed agricultural products include canned agricultural products, canned fruit, jams and marmalades, pickles, boiled beans, dried agricultural products, and cereals (processed grain products).

[0052] Examples of processed seafood products include canned seafood, fish ham and sausage, fish paste products, seafood delicacies, and tsukudani (fish stew).

[0053] Examples of processed livestock products include canned livestock products, pastes, ham and sausages.

[0054] Examples of milk and dairy products include processed milk, milk drinks, yogurt, lactic acid bacteria drinks, cheese, ice cream, infant formula, cream, and other dairy products.

[0055] Examples of fats and oils include butter, margarines, vegetable oils, and the like.

[0056] Examples of basic seasonings include soy sauce, miso, sauces, tomato-based seasonings, mirin, and vinegars.

[0057] Examples of compound seasonings and foods include cooking mixes, curry bases, sauces, dressings, noodle soups, spices, and other compound seasonings.

[0058] Examples of frozen foods include raw frozen foods, semi-cooked frozen foods, and cooked frozen foods.

[0059] Examples of sweets include caramel, candy, gummy candy, chewing gum, chocolate, cookies, biscuits, cakes, pies, snacks, crackers, Japanese sweets, rice snacks, bean snacks, dessert snacks, and other sweets.

[0060] Examples of beverages include carbonated drinks, natural fruit juices, fruit juice drinks, soft drinks with fruit juice, fruit pulp drinks, fruit drinks with fruit pieces, vegetable drinks, soy milk, soy milk drinks, coffee drinks, tea drinks, powdered drinks, concentrated drinks, sports drinks, energy drinks, alcoholic drinks, and other beverages.

[0061] Examples of special dietary foods include complete nutritional foods, combination foods for diabetics, combination foods for kidney disease, foods for people with difficulty swallowing, thickening foods, and oral rehydration solutions.

[0062] Examples of commercially available foods other than those mentioned above include baby food, powdered milk, infant formula, liquid infant formula, powdered milk for pregnant and nursing women, follow-up milk, furikake seasoning, and ochazuke base.

[0063] The content of macadamia nut oil in the composition of this embodiment can be any value between 0.1 and 100% by mass of the final composition, for example, 1% by mass or more, 5% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, 15% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, 25% by mass or more, 30% by mass or more, 35% by mass or more, 40% by mass or more, 45% by mass or more, or 50% by mass or more.

[0064] The amount of macadamia nut oil ingested or administered in the composition of this embodiment may vary depending on the age of the subject, etc., but is typically 1 to 25 g per day, for example, 2 to 20 g, 3 to 10 g, 5 to 8 g, etc. The number of times of ingestion or administration per day is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, once, twice, or three times per day.

[0065] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for increasing core body temperature, suppressing postprandial blood glucose elevation, suppressing sleepiness, suppressing fatigue, suppressing hunger, or promoting energy expenditure, by administering or ingesting a composition containing macadamia nut oil. All of the matters described above in relation to the composition aspect can also be applied to these method aspects.

[0066] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for preventing or treating conditions, symptoms, or diseases caused by a decrease in core body temperature by administering a composition comprising macadamia nut oil. All of the above-mentioned aspects of the composition are also applicable to this method aspect.

[0067] In one aspect, the present invention provides use of macadamia nut oil for the manufacture of a composition for increasing core body temperature, suppressing drowsiness, or reducing fatigue. All of the matters described in the above composition aspect are also applicable to this use aspect. [Example]

[0068] The present invention will be explained in more detail below using examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0069] [Test Example 1. Test Method] On the day of the breakfast intake test, three subjects participated in the test without eating breakfast after waking up. After acclimating to the environment by sitting in a chair and resting for approximately 15 to 30 minutes, they ingested each of the following test foods over 15 minutes with 340 mL of water as breakfast. After consuming breakfast until the end of the test, an additional 340 mL of water was provided, and subjects were allowed to consume only this water. The air conditioning in the test area was set to 20°C from early morning. During the breakfast intake test, the room temperature was measured with a thermometer and hygrometer, and the air conditioning was adjusted to maintain a temperature of 20±1°C. Test food A (control): 2 rolls ("Levain Butter Roll" (Yamazaki Baking Co., Ltd.)) Test meal B: One and a half rolls + 8g of macadamia nut oil ("Nissin Macadamia Nut Oil 145g Fresh Keep Bottle" (Nissin Oillio Co., Ltd.)) (calorie equivalent intake) Test meal C: 2 rolls + 8g of macadamia nut oil (equivalent carbohydrate load) Test meal D: One and a half rolls + 8g of soybean oil (Riken Domestic Soybean Oil 500g, manufactured by Riken Co., Ltd.) (calorie equivalent intake) Test meal E: 2 rolls + 8g soybean oil (equivalent carbohydrate load) The macadamia nut oil in test foods B and C contains triglycerides containing approximately 14 to 20% palmitoleic acid as a constituent fatty acid. The soybean oil contains almost no palmitoleic acid as a constituent fatty acid (the same applies to the soybean oil described below).

[0070] Deep body temperature was measured using a deep body temperature measuring device CORE (GreenTEG), which was worn continuously from one week before the start of the breakfast intake test until the end of the entire test, and data was collected.

[0071] In addition, blood glucose levels were measured using Glutest Aqua (Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho) 10 minutes before ingestion (-10) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after ingestion, and drowsiness, fatigue, and hunger were measured using the VAS method.

[0072] Furthermore, the following test meals were used for breakfast, and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) was calculated by analyzing exhaled gases every 15 minutes from 15 minutes after ingestion to 180 minutes after ingestion using an Aeromonitor AE-300S (Minato Medical Science Co., Ltd.). Test food A (control): 2.5 rolls Test meal B: 2 rolls + 8g of macadamia nut oil (calorie equivalent intake) Test meal C: 2 rolls + 8g soybean oil (calorie equivalent intake)

[0073] [Test Example 1. Results] (1) Core body temperature The results of measuring core body temperature are shown in Figure 1. Compared to consuming only two pieces of bread, consuming macadamia nut oil together with one and a half pieces of bread (same amount of calories) or two pieces of bread (same amount of carbohydrates) increased core body temperature in both cases. On the other hand, consuming soybean oil together with two pieces of bread (same amount of carbohydrates) decreased core body temperature compared to consuming only two pieces of bread.

[0074] (2) Blood sugar level The results of postprandial blood glucose measurement are shown in Figure 2. Compared to ingesting roll bread alone, ingesting macadamia nut oil or soybean oil at the same time suppressed the rise in postprandial blood glucose levels.

[0075] (3) Drowsiness The results of measuring drowsiness are shown in Figure 3. Compared to consuming only a bread roll, drowsiness was suppressed in both cases when macadamia nut oil was consumed together with one and a half loaves of bread (same amount of calories) or two loaves of bread (same amount of carbohydrates).

[0076] (4) Fatigue The results of the fatigue measurement are shown in Figure 4. Compared to consuming only a bread roll, consuming macadamia nut oil together with one and a half loaves of bread (same amount of calories) or two loaves of bread (same amount of carbohydrates) reduced fatigue in both cases.

[0077] (5) Feeling of hunger The results of the hunger measurement are shown in Figure 5. Compared to consuming only a bread roll, consuming macadamia nut oil together with one and a half loaves of bread (same amount of calories) or two loaves of bread (same amount of carbohydrates) suppressed hunger in both cases.

[0078] (6) Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) The results of diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) measurements are shown in Figure 6. Looking at the progression of thermogenesis following ingestion of each test meal, with two pieces of bread + macadamia nut oil, DIT production was observed at all time points from immediately after the start of the meal until 180 minutes later. On the other hand, with only bread rolls, DIT was observed 45-60 minutes, 135-150 minutes, and 165-180 minutes later, but was not observed or was extremely low at other times. With two pieces of bread + soybean oil, slight DIT was observed 60-75 minutes later, but was almost unnoticeable at other times, and DIT trended negative from 135 minutes onwards.

[0079] Based on the above, consuming macadamia nut oil at breakfast helps to suppress blood sugar levels that tend to rise after meals while promoting a rise in core body temperature, and also has the function of suppressing morning sleepiness, fatigue, and hunger.Therefore, it is gentle on the body, i.e., without putting strain on the body, and by quickly raising morning body temperature, it can be expected to promote a refreshed awakening and relieve morning sleepiness, fatigue, and hunger, for example, providing a ``morning activity support effect.''

[0080] Furthermore, it promotes an increase in core body temperature, suppresses hunger, and induces diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), which can be expected to promote energy consumption and have a diet effect.

[0081] [Test Example 2. Test Method and Results] In addition, 16 subjects were given the following test meal for breakfast, and sleepiness was measured using the VAS method in the same manner as in the above test, and the effects of consuming macadamia nut oil or soybean oil were compared and evaluated. Test food A (control): 2.5 rolls Test meal B: 2 rolls + 8g of macadamia nut oil (Summit Oil Company) (calorie equivalent intake) Test meal C: 2 rolls + 8g soybean oil (calorie equivalent intake) The results of comparing test meals A and B are shown in Figure 7-1, and the results of comparing test meals B and C are shown in Figure 7-2. The macadamia nut oil in test food B contains triglycerides containing palmitoleic acid as a constituent fatty acid at about 21 to about 25%.

[0082] As shown in Figures 7-1 and 7-2, it was confirmed that consuming macadamia nut oil at breakfast suppressed morning sleepiness. On the other hand, the effect of consuming soybean oil on suppressing morning sleepiness was not confirmed.

[0083] [Test Example 3. Test Method and Results] Rats (4 weeks old, purchased from Jackson Laboratory) were anesthetized and had a temperature logger (iButton, purchased from Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.) implanted in the abdominal cavity. After a period of at least one week, palmitoleic acid (POA, manufactured by China Oil Refining Co., Ltd.) (N=7), macadamia nut oil (MNO, manufactured by Summit Oil Co., Ltd.) (N=6), or soybean oil (SBO) (N=7) were administered via a probe, and core body temperature was measured for one day. The palmitoleic acid (manufactured by China Oil Refining Co., Ltd.) contains triglycerides and / or diglycerides containing palmitoleic acid as a constituent fatty acid at approximately 71.5%. The macadamia nut oil (MNO) contains triglycerides containing palmitoleic acid as a constituent fatty acid at approximately 21 to 25%. The results are shown in Figure 8.

[0084] As shown in Figure 8, the results confirmed that ingesting macadamia nut oil promotes an increase in core body temperature. It was also confirmed that ingesting palmitoleic acid alone promoted an increase in core body temperature. On the other hand, the effect of ingesting soybean oil on promoting an increase in core body temperature was not confirmed. [Industrial Applicability]

[0085] In one aspect, the present invention provides a composition for increasing core body temperature, which contains macadamia nut oil as an active ingredient. The present invention can be used in the fields of food, medicine, etc.

Claims

1. A composition for increasing core body temperature, comprising macadamia nut oil as an active ingredient.

2. A composition for suppressing drowsiness, comprising macadamia nut oil as an active ingredient.

3. A composition for reducing fatigue, comprising macadamia nut oil as an active ingredient.

4. The composition for increasing core body temperature according to claim 1, for suppressing an increase in blood sugar level.

5. The composition for increasing core body temperature according to claim 1, for promoting energy expenditure.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is taken before or at the same time as a meal.

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