Organic coagulant and method for producing same, and water purification agent and method for producing same

Abstract

To provide a water purifying agent which has a low content of components insoluble in water and is excellent in water purifying performance, a method for producing the same, an organic coagulant which can be suitably used for the water purifying agent, and a method for producing the same.SOLUTION: The organic coagulant contains a plant extract, and the water purifying agent contains the organic coagulant and a polymer flocculant.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an organic coagulant and a method for producing the same, and a water purifying agent and a method for producing the same. [Background technology]

[0002] BACKGROUND ART In recent years, a large amount of wastewater containing environmentally hazardous substances such as metal ions and fluoride ions as inorganic ions is generated in the process of manufacturing various products in factories and the like, and water purification treatment using water purification agents is being carried out.

[0003] To date, a water purifying agent that utilizes the charge neutralizing role of plants has been proposed, which is a granulated product containing a mixture of plant powder and a polymer flocculant (see, for example, Patent Document 1). This proposed technology is highly beneficial because it has excellent water purification performance and can be suitably used in automated wastewater purification devices. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-187782 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] As described above, the technology described in Patent Document 1 is extremely useful. However, because plants contain components that are insoluble in water, the viscosity of the solution must be relatively high to prevent the insoluble components from settling when used as a flocculant. This has resulted in only being able to use high-viscosity materials, and has limited the range of product characteristics, such as the composition ratio of each component in the water purifier. Furthermore, if the viscosity is insufficient (low), the precipitated insoluble components may clog pipes, etc. Therefore, there is a strong demand for the rapid development of water purifiers with a low content of insoluble components.

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to achieve the following objectives: That is, the present invention aims to provide a water purifier that has a low content of water-insoluble components and excellent water purification performance, a method for producing the same, and an organic coagulant that can be suitably used in the water purifier, and a method for producing the same. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] As a result of extensive research, the present inventors have found that by incorporating a plant extract, excellent water purification properties can be obtained while removing water-insoluble components contained in the plant. Furthermore, because the components that precipitate when dissolved in water can be removed, it is possible to produce a low-viscosity material, and the inventors have found that the degree of freedom in designing the water purification agent, such as viscosity and blending ratio, can be greatly improved.

[0008] The means for solving the above problems are as follows: <1> It is an organic coagulant characterized by containing plant extracts. <2> The organic coagulant has a conductivity of 12 to 350 mS / m when the solid content is 0.1 mass%. <1> It is an organic coagulant described in <3> The zeta potential is anionic. <1> from <2> The organic coagulant is any one of the above. <4> The plant extract contains water-soluble natural lignocellulose. <1> from <3> The organic coagulant is any one of the above. <5> The plant of the plant extract is at least one selected from the group consisting of straw, reed, and hemp. <1> from <4> The organic coagulant is any one of the above. <6> The aforementioned <1> from <5> A method for producing an organic coagulant according to any one of the above, a crushing step of crushing the plant; an extraction step of mixing the crushed plant with water to obtain a plant extract; a filtration step of filtering the plant extract to obtain a liquid component; A method for producing an organic coagulant, comprising: <7> The extraction step is carried out under any one of conditions of room temperature, heating, and heating and pressurization. <6> This is a method for producing the organic coagulant described in <8> The aforementioned <1> from <5> an organic coagulant according to any one of the above; and a polymer flocculant. <9> The particles <8> The water purifying agent according to claim 1. <10> The mass ratio of the organic coagulant to the polymer flocculant (organic coagulant / polymer flocculant) is 0.01 / 99.99 to 99.99 / 0.01. <8> from <9> The water purifying agent according to any one of the above items. <11> The content of insoluble components in water in the water purifying agent is 5% by mass or less. <8> from <10> The water purifying agent according to any one of the above items. <12> The aforementioned <1> from <5> A method for producing a water purifying agent containing the organic coagulant and polymer flocculant according to any one of the above, The polymer flocculant, <1> from <5> a kneading step of kneading the organic coagulant described in any one of the above to obtain a kneaded mixture; a drying step of drying the kneaded mixture to obtain a dried product; a pulverization step of pulverizing the dried product to obtain a pulverized product; a classification step of classifying the pulverized material to obtain a water purifying agent; The method for producing a water purifying agent is characterized by comprising the steps of: [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, achieve the above-mentioned object, and provide a water purifier with a low content of components that are insoluble in water and excellent water purification performance, a method for producing the same, and an organic coagulant that can be suitably used in the water purifier, and a method for producing the same. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1]FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of measuring the turbidity in Test Examples 1 to 5. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a photograph of the state when the turbidity of Test Examples 1 to 5 was measured. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] (organic coagulant) The organic coagulant of the present invention contains at least a plant extract and, if necessary, further contains other components.

[0012] <Plant extract> The plant for the plant extract is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. The plant may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among the above plants, at least one selected from the group consisting of straw, reed, and hemp is preferred. The hemp is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, but a suitable example is jute.

[0013] As the Changshuo jute, Changshuo jute from Changsha, China, or "Zhongjute No. 4" with the appraisal number Guojianma 2013 by the Hemp Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, "Zhongjute No. 3" with the appraisal number Wanpin▲Jian▼Dengzi No. 1209006, "Zhongjute No. 1" with the appraisal number XPD005-2005, or "Zhonghongma" with the appraisal number Wanpin▲Jian▼Dengzi No. 1209001 can be preferably used. Among these, "Zhongjute No. 4", "Zhongjute No. 3" and "Zhonghongma" are more preferred, with "Zhongjute No. 4" being particularly preferred.

[0014] The "Chuang Jute No. 4" has the following characteristics: Agricultural product type: Jute Origin of the variety: Propagated by crossing Xiang Heng Ma No. 3 x 0-4(l) F1 generation and Xiang Heng Ma No. 3 Characteristics: Zhong Jute No. 4 is a regular jute with long fruits, green stems, cylindrical stems, scattered needle-shaped leaves, green leaf stalks, small angles with the main stem, lateral buds and stipules, green calyx, long fruits, cylindrical, five-lobed, late-ripening seeds.

[0015] The plant extract preferably contains water-soluble natural lignocellulose.

[0016] -Water-soluble natural lignocellulose- The water-soluble natural lignocellulose (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "lignocellulose") is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Lignin, together with polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose), is a major component of plant cell walls. The content of the lignocellulose in the plant extract is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.

[0017] The method for preparing the plant extract is not particularly limited, and a known method for preparing a plant extract can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, but it is preferable to prepare it by the extraction step in the method for producing the organic coagulant of the present invention described below.

[0018] The content of the plant extract in the organic coagulant is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.

[0019] <Other ingredients> The other components in the organic coagulant are not particularly limited as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. The content of the other components in the organic coagulant is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.

[0020] The form of the organic coagulant is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, and may be liquid or solid. The organic coagulant can be produced as a liquid component as described below, but it can also be solidified from the liquid component and dissolved in water when used.

[0021] <Viscosity> The viscosity of the organic coagulant is not particularly limited and can be selected appropriately depending on the purpose, but examples of the viscosity when the organic coagulant is an aqueous solution with a solid content of 0.1% by mass include 0.5 to 5 mPa·s. The viscosity can be measured using a TVC-10 viscometer (B-type viscometer) manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd., at 23° C. with a No. 0 rotor.

[0022] <Conductivity> The conductivity of the organic coagulant is not particularly limited and can be selected appropriately depending on the purpose, but the conductivity when made into an aqueous solution with a solid content of 0.1 mass % is preferably 12 to 350 mS / m, more preferably 50 to 350 mS / m. The conductivity can be measured at a liquid temperature of 22° C. using a conductivity meter: tabletop type F-70 (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).

[0023] <Zeta potential> The zeta potential of the organic coagulant is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, but it is preferably anionic.

[0024] The organic coagulant preferably has a Δ zeta potential, measured and calculated as described below, of 40 mV or more, more preferably 45 mV or more, and particularly preferably 50 mV or more. [measurement] 600 mL of potassium fluoride aqueous solution, adjusted to a potassium fluoride concentration of 500 ppm, is placed in a beaker, and 3.5 mL of 35% by mass calcium fluoride aqueous solution is added while stirring well. Next, 5% by mass sulfuric acid is added with thorough stirring to adjust the pH to 4.5±0.25. The zeta potential of the solution whose pH has been adjusted as described above (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "CaF2 zeta potential") is measured. In addition, 100 mL of the liquid whose pH has been adjusted as described above is taken, and while stirring at 500 rpm, the organic coagulant is added so that the concentration becomes 1% by mass. After stopping the stirring, the supernatant is sampled, and the zeta potential (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "zeta potential after addition of organic coagulant") is measured. The difference between the CaF2 zeta potential (A) and the zeta potential after the addition of the organic coagulant (B) is calculated as Δzeta potential. The zeta potential can be measured by a dynamic scattering method.

[0025] The organic coagulant can be suitably produced by the method for producing an organic coagulant of the present invention, which will be described later.

[0026] As shown in the Examples section below, the organic coagulant has an excellent coagulation effect and can therefore be used in water purification treatment in combination with a polymer coagulant. The water purification treatment can also be carried out without using inorganic coagulants such as aluminum-based inorganic coagulants, iron-based inorganic coagulants, and slaked lime. The organic coagulant can also be suitably used in the water purification agent of the present invention described below.

[0027] (Method for producing organic coagulant) The method for producing an organic coagulant of the present invention is the method for producing an organic coagulant of the present invention described above, and includes at least a grinding step, an extraction step, and a filtration step, and may further include other steps as necessary.

[0028] <Crushing process> The crushing step is a step of crushing a plant.

[0029] The part of the plant (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "extraction material") is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, and examples thereof include leaves, stems, skin, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0030] The raw material for extraction may be either dried or undried, but is preferably dried.

[0031] The method for crushing the plant is not particularly limited, and any known method can be appropriately selected. The degree of pulverization is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.

[0032] <Extraction process> The extraction step is a step of mixing a crushed plant with water to obtain a plant extract. The extraction step may be carried out once or twice or more times. In the extraction step, it is sufficient to perform extraction using water as an extraction solvent at least once, and extraction with an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate may be performed in combination, but extraction with water alone is preferred.

[0033] The type of water is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, and examples thereof include pure water.

[0034] In the extraction step, the crushed plant material may be added to the extraction solvent, or the extraction solvent may be added to the crushed plant material. In addition, in the extraction step, stirring may be performed as necessary.

[0035] The concentration of the extraction raw material used in the extraction is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, and may be, for example, 1 to 10% by mass.

[0036] The temperature and pressure in the extraction are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Examples include room temperature, heating, and heating and pressure. The normal temperature refers to a temperature of about 20 to 28°C. The heating means raising the temperature to a temperature higher than the room temperature. The heating and pressurization refers to a temperature higher than room temperature and a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, and for example, the pressure higher than atmospheric pressure can be about 2 atm.

[0037] The extraction time is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, and may be, for example, 10 minutes to 24 hours.

[0038] There are no particular limitations on the method for confirming whether or not the plant extract contains lignocellulose, and any known method can be selected as appropriate. For example, confirmation can be made from decomposition products detected by pyrolysis GC-MS.

[0039] <Filtration process> The filtration step is a step of filtering the plant extract to obtain a liquid component (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "filtrate"). By carrying out the filtration, a plant extract that does not contain components insoluble in water can be obtained.

[0040] The filtration method is not particularly limited, and any known method can be appropriately selected.

[0041] The solid content of the liquid component is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, and may be, for example, 0.05 to 2% by mass. The method for measuring the solid content is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. For example, the solid content can be calculated from the amount of solidified matter obtained by drying the filtrate.

[0042] <Other processes> The other steps are not particularly limited as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.

[0043] (Water purifier) The water purifying agent of the present invention contains at least the organic coagulant of the present invention and a polymer flocculant, and may further contain other components as required.

[0044] <Organic coagulant> The organic coagulant used is the organic coagulant of the present invention described above. The content of the organic coagulant in the water purifier is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. By adjusting the content of the organic coagulant, the amount of the plant extract in the water purifier can be adjusted.

[0045] <Polymer flocculant> The polymer flocculant is not particularly limited as long as it is effective in removing the inorganic unwanted substances from the wastewater, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, and examples thereof include acrylamide-containing polymers (sometimes simply referred to as "polyacrylamide" or "PAM"), polyamines, sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) sodium salt, etc. Among these, acrylamide-containing polymers, polyacrylamide, and sodium polyacrylate are preferred. The polymer flocculant may have an ionic structure. When the ion is a cation, examples thereof include ammonium salts and sulfonium salts. When the ion is an anion, examples thereof include carboxylates. The polymer flocculants may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The content of the polymer flocculant in the water purifying agent is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.

[0046] Commercially available polyacrylamide products can be used, and examples of the commercially available products include Flopam AN 905, Flopam AN 926, and Flopam AN 956 (all manufactured by SNF Corporation); Acofloc A-100 and Acofloc A-150 (both manufactured by MT Aquapolymer Co., Ltd.). As the sodium polyacrylate, commercially available products can be used, and examples of the commercially available products include Acofloc A-190 (manufactured by MT Aquapolymer Co., Ltd.) and PA-331 (manufactured by Kurita Water Industries Ltd.).

[0047] The mass ratio of the organic coagulant to the polymer flocculant (organic coagulant / polymer flocculant) is not particularly limited and can be selected appropriately depending on the purpose, but is preferably 0.01 / 99.99 to 99.99 / 0.01. Within this preferred range, excellent water purification performance with sufficient microfloc adsorption effect is exhibited. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the organic coagulant to the polymer flocculant is calculated based on the dry mass of each component.

[0048] <Other ingredients> The other components in the water purifying agent are not particularly limited as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, and examples thereof include additives such as preservatives, fillers, thickeners, colorants, thixotropy-imparting agents, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The content of the other components in the water purifying agent is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.

[0049] The shape of the water purifying agent is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, but particles (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "granules" or "granulated material") are preferred.

[0050] The content of water-insoluble components in the water purifying agent is not particularly limited and can be selected appropriately depending on the purpose, but it is preferably 5 mass % or less, and more preferably contains no water-insoluble components. The water-insoluble component refers to a component that does not dissolve in pure water at 25° C. when stirred at 500 rpm for 30 minutes. The method for calculating the content of the insoluble components in water is not particularly limited and can be selected appropriately depending on the purpose. For example, the solution is centrifuged at a centrifugal force of 2,500 G for 5 minutes, the supernatant is removed, the weight of the dried residue is measured, and the content of the insoluble components in water in the water purifying agent can be calculated from this value.

[0051] The method for producing the water purifying agent is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, but it is preferable to produce it by the method for producing a water purifying agent of the present invention described below.

[0052] As will be described in the Examples section below, the water purifier has excellent water purification properties while reducing the amount of water-insoluble components contained in plants. Therefore, it can be made into a low-viscosity material, which greatly improves the design freedom of the water purifier, such as viscosity and blending ratio.

[0053] (Water Purification Agent Manufacturing Method) The method for producing a water purifying agent of the present invention is a method for producing a water purifying agent containing the organic coagulant of the present invention and a polymer flocculant, and includes at least a kneading step, a drying step, a pulverizing step, and a classification step, and may further include other steps such as a molding step as necessary.

[0054] <Kneading process> The kneading step is a step of kneading the polymer flocculant and the organic coagulant of the present invention to obtain a kneaded mixture. The kneading method is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, and examples thereof include a method in which a liquid organic coagulant is added to the polymer flocculant and kneaded together. In the kneading step, water may be added as necessary. The kneading is carried out using a mixer, for example, a vertical mixer such as a planetary mixer, with the rotation speed and time set within a predetermined range. The rotation speed and time during kneading in the mixer can be set appropriately taking into consideration conditions such as the mixing ratio of the organic coagulant and the polymer flocculant. For example, the rotation speed is preferably 20 rpm to 150 rpm, and the time is preferably 5 minutes to 25 minutes.

[0055] <Drying process> The drying step is a step of drying the kneaded mixture to obtain a dried product.

[0056] Between the kneading step and the drying step, a forming step (sometimes referred to as a "stretching / sheeting step") may be included in which the kneaded mixture is formed into a sheet to obtain a formed product. In the forming step, the obtained kneaded product is stretched by a stretching method using a roller to a thickness of 2 mm to 30 mm, preferably about 10 mm, and formed into a sheet.

[0057] In the drying step, the kneaded product or the formed product may be dried using a multi-stage hot air dryer at a temperature of 80° C. to 150° C. for 2 hours to 12 hours.

[0058] <Crushing process> The pulverization step is a step of pulverizing the dried product to obtain a pulverized product.

[0059] In the pulverization step, it is preferable to use a pulverizer, for example, an airflow ultrafine pulverizer, to pulverize the material to a median diameter in the range of 150 μm to 900 μm.

[0060] <Classification process> The classification step is a step of classifying the pulverized material to obtain a water purifying agent. In the classification step, the pulverized powder is preferably classified using a classifier, such as a vibration sieve or a cartridge sieve, to classify granules having a particle size in a predetermined range so that the median size is in the range of 150 μm to 900 μm.

[0061] <Other processes> The other steps are not particularly limited as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. For example, the above-mentioned molding step can be mentioned.

[0062] The above-described production method allows the production of a granular water purifying agent.

[0063] (Water purification method) The present invention also relates to a method for purifying water using the water purifying agent of the present invention. The water purification method involves dissolving the water purification agent in water to obtain a dispersion of an organic coagulant and a polymer flocculant, and then subjecting the dispersion to wastewater to remove inorganic waste materials from the wastewater.

[0064] Examples of the inorganic waste materials include nickel, fluorine, iron, copper, zinc, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, tin, lead, etc. Only one of these may be contained, or two or more of these may be contained.

[0065] The water purification method will now be described in detail. Inorganic ions such as nickel ions, fluorine ions, iron ions, copper ions, zinc ions, chromium ions, arsenic ions, cadmium ions, tin ions, and lead ions contained in inorganic waste matter in wastewater are subjected to an insolubilization treatment by adding an inorganic coagulant to form microflocs. The dispersion liquid, which has been made into a 0.05% by mass to 0.2% by mass aqueous solution, is then added to this wastewater. The microflocs are then coagulated and sedimented, and the separated sediment is removed, thereby purifying the wastewater. In the insolubilization treatment, for example, it is preferable to add a base to the wastewater to make the wastewater basic, and then add an inorganic flocculant to insolubilize the inorganic ions. Examples of inorganic flocculants include ferric chloride, polyferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), hydrated lime, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. [Example]

[0066] Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0067] (Example 1: Organic Coagulant 1) <Production of organic coagulant 1> The extraction raw material was dried leaves of Changshuo Jute, "Zhong Jute No. 4," certified number 2013 by the Hemp Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and purified water was used as the extraction solvent. Extraction was carried out as follows. The extraction raw material was dried in the sun until the moisture content was 5% by mass or less, and then pulverized using an atomizer (hammer mill, manufactured by Masuko Sangyo Co., Ltd.), and only powder with particle diameters in the range of 100 μm to 400 μm was used.

[0068] -extraction- The extraction raw material was added to the pure water so that the concentration was 4% by mass, stirred, and extracted under the following extraction conditions, followed by filtration to remove insoluble components and obtain a filtrate (solid content: 1.3% by mass). The solid content was calculated from the amount of solidified material obtained by drying the filtrate in an oven. [Extraction conditions] · Temperature ··· 25℃ Duration: 60 minutes Pressure: Normal pressure (no pressure control)

[0069] The filtrate was diluted with pure water so that the solid content was 0.1% by mass, and organic coagulant 1 was obtained.

[0070] <Evaluation> -viscosity- The viscosity of the organic coagulant 1 was measured at 23°C using a TVC-10 type viscometer (B type viscometer) manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd., with a No. 0 rotor.

[0071] -conductivity- The conductivity of the organic coagulant 1 was measured at a liquid temperature of 22°C using a conductivity meter: tabletop type F-70 (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).

[0072] -Zeta potential- 600 mL of an aqueous potassium fluoride solution in which the potassium fluoride concentration had been adjusted to 500 ppm was placed in a beaker, and 3.5 mL of a 35 mass % aqueous calcium fluoride solution was added while stirring thoroughly. Next, 5% by mass sulfuric acid was added with thorough stirring to adjust the pH to 4.5±0.25. The zeta potential of the solution whose pH was adjusted as described above (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "CaF2 zeta potential") was measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZSP (manufactured by Malvern Panalytical). In addition, 100 mL of the liquid whose pH was adjusted as described above was collected, and while stirring at 500 rpm, the organic coagulant 1 was added so that the concentration was 1% by mass. After stopping the stirring, the supernatant was sampled, and the zeta potential (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "zeta potential after addition of organic coagulant") was measured in the same manner as described above. The difference between the CaF2 zeta potential (A) and the zeta potential after the addition of the organic coagulant (B) was calculated as Δzeta potential, and the coagulation performance due to charge neutralization was evaluated.

[0073] -Water purification treatment- As the wastewater to be treated, 600 mL of raw fluoride water (fluoride concentration 500 mg / L) was used. Next, 3.5 mL of 35% by mass CaCl2 and 100 mg / L of the organic coagulant 1 were added to the wastewater, and the mixture was stirred while adding 5% by mass NaOH (adjusted to pH 7.5). By this operation, the wastewater was separated into a supernatant liquid containing microflocs and a precipitate. Next, 2 mg / L of an anionic polymer flocculant (Clifloc PA-331 (manufactured by Kurita Water Industries Ltd.)) was added to the wastewater consisting of the supernatant containing the microflocs and the precipitates, and after stirring was continued for 1 minute, the "fluorine (F) concentration" was measured as follows.

[0074] --Measurement of fluoride concentration-- Two minutes after stirring was stopped, the supernatant was sampled and the fluorine concentration was measured using a digital water analyzer, Digital Pack Test (manufactured by Kyoritsu Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd.), which uses lanthanum-alizarin complexone absorptiometry.

[0075] (Example 2: Organic Coagulant 2) <Production of organic coagulant 2> A filtrate (solid content: 1.6% by mass) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the extraction conditions in <Production of organic coagulant 1> in Example 1 were changed to the following. [Extraction conditions] · Temperature ··· 70℃ Duration: 60 minutes Pressure: Normal pressure (no pressure control) Next, the filtrate was diluted with pure water so that the solid content was 0.1% by mass, to obtain organic coagulant 2.

[0076] <Evaluation> In the same manner as in the <Evaluation> of Example 1, the viscosity, electrical conductivity, zeta potential, and water purification performance were evaluated.

[0077] (Example 3: Organic Coagulant 3) <Production of organic coagulant 3> A filtrate (solid content: 3.5% by mass) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the extraction conditions in <Production of organic coagulant 1> in Example 1 were changed to the following. [Extraction conditions] · Temperature ··· 100℃ Duration: 60 minutes Pressure: Normal pressure (no pressure control) Next, the filtrate was diluted with pure water so that the solid content was 0.1% by mass, to obtain organic coagulant 3.

[0078] <Evaluation> In the same manner as in the <Evaluation> of Example 1, the viscosity, electrical conductivity, zeta potential, and water purification performance were evaluated.

[0079] (Example 4: Organic Coagulant 4) <Production of organic coagulant 4> A filtrate (solid content: 4.5% by mass) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the extraction conditions in <Production of organic coagulant 1> in Example 1 were changed to the following. [Extraction conditions] · Temperature ··· 130℃ Duration: 60 minutes Pressure: 2 atm Next, the filtrate was diluted with pure water so that the solid content was 0.1% by mass, to obtain organic coagulant 4.

[0080] <Evaluation> In the same manner as in the <Evaluation> of Example 1, the viscosity, electrical conductivity, zeta potential, and water purification performance were evaluated.

[0081] (Example 5: Organic Coagulant 5) <Production of Organic Coagulant 5> A filtrate (solid content: 0.06% by mass) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the extraction raw materials and extraction conditions in <Production of Organic Coagulant 1> of Example 1 were as follows. [Extraction raw material] This is a dried product of all parts (stems, bark, and leaves) of "Chongshuo Jute No. 4," a Jute variety certified by the Hemp Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2013. The raw material for extraction was sun-dried to a moisture content of 5% by mass or less, and then pulverized with an atomizer (hammer mill, manufactured by Masuko Sangyo Co., Ltd.), and only particles with a particle size of 100 μm to 400 μm were used. [Extraction conditions] · Temperature ··· 25℃ Duration: 60 minutes Pressure: Normal pressure (no pressure control) Next, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure so that the solid content was 0.1% by mass, thereby obtaining Organic Coagulant 5.

[0082] <Evaluation> In the same manner as in the <Evaluation> of Example 1, the viscosity, electrical conductivity, zeta potential, and water purification performance were evaluated.

[0083] (Example 6: Organic Coagulant 6) <Production of Organic Coagulant 6> The raw material for extraction was dried leaves of "Zhong Jute No. 4," a type of jute with an identification number of 2013 from the Hemp Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and extraction was carried out as follows. The extraction raw material was dried in the sun until the moisture content was 5% by mass or less, and then pulverized using an atomizer (hammer mill, manufactured by Masuko Sangyo Co., Ltd.), and only powder with particle diameters in the range of 100 μm to 400 μm was used.

[0084] -extraction- Ethyl acetate was added to the extraction raw material to make a 10% by mass solution, which was then left to stand at room temperature (23°C) for 8 hours and filtered. The residue was washed with ethyl acetate. The residue was then further extracted with pure water (temperature: 25°C, time: 60 minutes, pressure: normal pressure (no pressure operation)) to obtain a supernatant, and components with a molecular weight cutoff of 12,000 or more were separated from the supernatant by dialysis. The separated solution was concentrated under reduced pressure so that the solid content was 0.1% by mass, and organic coagulant 6 was obtained.

[0085] <Evaluation> In the same manner as in the <Evaluation> of Example 1, the viscosity, electrical conductivity, zeta potential, and water purification performance were evaluated.

[0086] Example 7: Organic Coagulant 7 <Production of organic coagulant 7> The component with a molecular weight cutoff of less than 12,000 obtained by the dialysis operation in <Production of Organic Coagulant 6> in Example 6 was further dialyzed to obtain a component with a molecular weight cutoff of less than 6,000, and the component with a molecular weight cutoff of less than 6,000 was further dialyzed to separate a component with a molecular weight cutoff of less than 3,000. The separated solution was concentrated under reduced pressure so that the solid content was 0.1% by mass, and organic coagulant 7 was obtained.

[0087] <Evaluation> In the same manner as in the <Evaluation> of Example 1, the viscosity, electrical conductivity, zeta potential, and water purification performance were evaluated.

[0088] (Comparative Example 1: Inorganic Flocculant) <Evaluation> -Water purification treatment- Water purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the addition of 100 mg / L of organic coagulant 1 was changed to 32 mg / L of 8 mass% Al2(SO4)3·16H2O.

[0089] (Comparative Example 2: No organic coagulant or inorganic flocculant) <Evaluation> -Water purification treatment- Water purification treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the organic coagulant 1 in the -water purification treatment- of Example 1 was not used.

[0090] (Comparative Example 3: Comparative Coagulant 1) <Production of Comparative Coagulant 1> Dried rice husks were used as the extraction raw material, and pure water was used as the extraction solvent, and extraction was carried out as follows. The extraction raw material was dried in the sun until the moisture content was 5% by mass or less, and then pulverized using an atomizer (hammer mill, manufactured by Masuko Sangyo Co., Ltd.), and only powder with particle diameters in the range of 100 μm to 400 μm was used.

[0091] -extraction- The extraction raw material was added to the pure water so that the concentration was 4% by mass, and the mixture was stirred. Extraction was carried out under the following extraction conditions, followed by filtration to remove insoluble components and obtain a filtrate (solid content: 0.005% by mass). [Extraction conditions] · Temperature ··· 95℃ Duration: 60 minutes Pressure: Normal pressure (no pressure control) Next, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure so that the solid content was 0.1% by mass, and this was used as Comparative Coagulant 1.

[0092] <Evaluation> In the same manner as in the <Evaluation> of Example 1, the viscosity, electrical conductivity, zeta potential, and water purification performance were evaluated.

[0093] (Comparative Example 4: Comparative Coagulant 2) <Production of Comparative Coagulant 2> A filtrate (solid content: 0.015% by mass) was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3, except that the extraction conditions in <Production of Comparative Coagulant 1> of Comparative Example 3 were changed to the following. [Extraction conditions] · Temperature ··· 130℃ Duration: 60 minutes Pressure: 2 atm Next, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure so that the solid content was 0.1% by mass, and this was used as comparative coagulant 2.

[0094] <Evaluation> In the same manner as in the <Evaluation> of Example 1, the viscosity, electrical conductivity, zeta potential, and water purification performance were evaluated.

[0095] The results of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.

[0096] [Table 1] "*" in Table 1 refers to paragraph

[0084] .

[0097] [Table 2]

[0098] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, it was confirmed that when the organic coagulant of the present invention was used, the fluorine concentration in the supernatant after water purification treatment was reduced.

[0099] (Test Example 1: Water Purifier 1) <Production of water purifier 1> Using the organic coagulant 5 of Example 5, a granular water purifying agent 1 was produced as follows. A mixture (polymer flocculant + organic flocculant = 30 kg) obtained by adding 5% by mass of the organic flocculant 5 to a polymer flocculant (AN926VHM, manufactured by SNF Corporation) was placed in a planetary mixer (Aikosha Manufacturing Co., Ltd., mixer ACM-110, capacity 110 L) and kneaded under shear at a rotation speed of 150 rpm for 20 minutes. The obtained kneaded product was stretched by a roller using a press (45 ton press, manufactured by Komatsu Industries Corp.) to produce a sheet-like molded product having a thickness of about 10 mm. This molded product was dried using a multi-stage hot air dryer (a rack-type oven device manufactured by Shichiyo Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) at 120°C for 3 hours and then at 150°C for 2 hours. Next, the dried sheet was pulverized using an airflow ultrafine pulverizer (Selen Miller, manufactured by Masuko Sangyo Co., Ltd.) to a median diameter of 400 μm. The median diameter was measured using a Mastersizer 2000 (manufactured by Malvern Instruments). The pulverized powder was sieved using a classifier (Dalton Co., Ltd., vibration sieve) to remove particles smaller than 200 μm and larger than 900 μm in size, in order to use only those particles with particle diameters in the range of 200 μm to 900 μm. In this way, granules were obtained and designated as Water Purifying Agent 1. The content of water-insoluble components in the Water Purifying Agent 1 was 5% by mass or less.

[0100] <Evaluation> -Turbidity- 500 mL of a solution in which kaolinite was dispersed (kaolinite concentration: 50 ppm) was used as the test wastewater. Next, 0.07 mL of 10 mass % polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was added to the wastewater, and the pH was adjusted to 7 to 8 with 0.21 mL of 5 mass % sodium hydroxide. Thereafter, 1.5 mL of an aqueous solution containing 0.1% by mass of the water purification agent 1 was added, and the turbidity of the supernatant was measured within 10 seconds after the addition in accordance with JIS K 0101:1998 (Industrial Water Testing Method 9.2 Transmitted Light Turbidity) using a spectrophotometer, DR 3900, manufactured by HACH.

[0101] (Test Example 2: Water Purifier 2) <Production of water purifier 2> Water purifying agent 2 was produced in the same manner as in Test Example 1, except that the mixture of polymer flocculant and organic coagulant 5 in Test Example 1 was replaced with a mixture (plant powder + polymer flocculant + water = 30 kg) obtained by adding three times the mass of water to the combined mass of the solids of the extracted raw material (plant powder) used to produce organic coagulant 5 and polymer flocculant (AN926VHM (manufactured by SNF Co., Ltd.)). The content of insoluble components in water in Water purifying agent 2 was 20 mass%.

[0102] <Evaluation> The turbidity was measured in the same manner as in Test Example 1 above.

[0103] (Test Example 3: Water Purifier 3) <Production of water purifier 3> Water purifying agent 3 was produced in the same manner as in Test Example 2, except that the plant powder in Test Example 2 was not used. The water purifying agent 3 does not contain any components insoluble in water.

[0104] <Evaluation> The turbidity was measured in the same manner as in Test Example 1 above.

[0105] (Test Example 4: Water Purifier 4) <Production of water purifier 4> A water purifying agent 4 was produced in the same manner as in Test Example 1, except that the organic coagulant 5 in Test Example 1 was replaced with the organic coagulant 6 in Example 6. The content of water-insoluble components in the water purifying agent 4 was 5 mass% or less.

[0106] <Evaluation> The turbidity was measured in the same manner as in Test Example 1 above.

[0107] (Test Example 5: Water Purifier 5) <Production of Water Purifier 5> Water purifying agent 5 was produced in the same manner as in Test Example 1, except that organic coagulant 5 in Test Example 1 was replaced with organic coagulant 7 in Example 7. The content of insoluble components in water in water purifying agent 5 was 5 mass% or less.

[0108] <Evaluation> The turbidity was measured in the same manner as in Test Example 1 above.

[0109] The results of the above-mentioned Test Examples 1 to 5 are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 is a graph showing the results of measuring turbidity, and Figure 2 is a photograph of the state when the turbidity was measured. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it was confirmed that the water purifying agents 1, 4, and 5 of the present invention had sufficiently low turbidity and exhibited excellent water purification effects.

Claims

1. An organic coagulant containing a plant extract, The plant of the plant extract is Jute The plant extract is an extract of an extraction raw material containing at least the leaves of the jute millet plant, The organic coagulant is characterized in that the Δ zeta potential measured and calculated as follows is 50 mV or more. [measurement] To 600 mL of an aqueous potassium fluoride solution adjusted to a potassium fluoride concentration of 500 ppm, 3.5 mL of a 35% by mass aqueous calcium fluoride solution was added with stirring, and then 5% by mass sulfuric acid was added with stirring to adjust the pH to 4.5±0.

25. This solution was designated as Liquid A. The zeta potential of Liquid A is measured. 100 mL of liquid A is collected, and while stirring at 500 rpm, the organic coagulant is added to the liquid A so that the concentration becomes 1% by mass. After stirring is stopped, the supernatant is sampled and the zeta potential after the addition of the organic coagulant is measured. The difference between the zeta potential of liquid A and the zeta potential after the addition of the organic coagulant is calculated as the delta zeta potential.

2. The organic coagulant according to claim 1, wherein the conductivity is 12 to 350 mS / m when the solid content in the organic coagulant is 0.1 mass%.

3. 3. The organic coagulant according to claim 1, wherein the zeta potential is anionic.

4. The organic coagulant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plant extract contains water-soluble natural lignocellulose.

5. A method for producing the organic coagulant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: a crushing step of crushing the plant; an extraction step of mixing the crushed plant with water to obtain a plant extract; a filtration step of filtering the plant extract to obtain a liquid component; A method for producing an organic coagulant, comprising:

6. The method for producing an organic coagulant according to claim 5, wherein the extraction step is carried out under any one of conditions of room temperature, heating, and heating and pressure.

7. An organic coagulant according to any one of claims 1 to 4; A water purifying agent comprising a polymer flocculant.

8. The water purifying agent according to claim 7, which is in the form of particles.

9. The water purifying agent according to any one of claims 7 to 8, wherein the mass ratio of the organic coagulant to the polymer flocculant (organic coagulant / polymer flocculant) is 0.01 / 99.99 to 99.99 / 0.

01.

10. 10. The water purifying agent according to claim 7, wherein the content of water-insoluble components in the water purifying agent is 5% by mass or less.

11. A method for producing a water purifying agent containing the organic coagulant according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and a polymer flocculant, a kneading step of kneading the polymer flocculant with the organic coagulant according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to obtain a kneaded mixture; a drying step of drying the kneaded mixture to obtain a dried product; a pulverization step of pulverizing the dried product to obtain a pulverized product; a classification step of classifying the pulverized material to obtain a water purifying agent; A method for producing a water purifying agent, comprising:

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