Methods for improving polyethylene processing.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for increasing the drawability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene, comprising the step of blending polyethylene with polypropylene, at least one compound selected from hydroxylamine esters of formula (I), or a combination thereof. The present invention further relates to a polyethylene composition comprising polyethylene and a compound selected from polypropylene, hydroxylamine esters of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA"), (IA'"), or a mixture of two or more thereof, or a combination thereof. The present invention also relates to the use of polypropylene and / or a hydroxylamine ester of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA"), or (IA'"), or a mixture of two or more thereof, to increase the drawability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene. [Case 1] TIFF2026503407000026.tif97170

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for increasing the drawability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene, comprising the step of blending polyethylene with polypropylene, at least one compound selected from hydroxylamine esters of formula (I), or a combination thereof. The present invention further relates to a polyethylene composition comprising polyethylene and a compound selected from polypropylene, hydroxylamine esters of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA"), (IA'"), or a mixture of two or more thereof, or a combination thereof. The present invention also relates to the use of polypropylene and / or a hydroxylamine ester of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA"), or (IA'"), or a mixture of two or more thereof, for increasing the drawability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene. [Background technology]

[0002] Polyethylene can be used in a variety of applications. Typically, this can include many different articles such as films, extrudates, and pipes. Various types of polyethylene, such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), can be produced by a number of processes.

[0003] Polyethylene can be processed, for example, by blow molding, blown film, or extrusion techniques. Properties such as melt strength and melt elasticity are often important during such processing techniques, particularly blow molding, blown film, and extrusion. Properties such as stretchability may also be important during the processing of polyethylene, particularly when producing fibers, typically as a spun melt or continuous filament, or when producing blown film, which typically involves extruding the polyethylene through a blown film extruder.

[0004] US Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 0171407A1 describes a compound of the formula: (R1)(R2)NO-R3, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or a C4-C 42 Alkyl or C4-C 42 A method for increasing the melt strength of polyethylene resins is disclosed by reacting the polyethylene resins with alkoxyamine derivatives of the formula: [R1 and R2 are aryl or substituted hydrocarbon groups containing O and / or N, and R1 and R2 together may form a ring structure; and R3 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, or a substituted hydrocarbon group containing O and / or N]. In this disclosure, melt strength has been recognized as a practical measurement that can predict the performance of a material when subjected to elongational deformation.

[0005] US Patent No. 7,030,196 B2 relates to the use of hydroxylamine esters as polymerization initiators and for the control of polypropylene degradation and for the controlled build-up of molecular weight or crosslinking in polyethylene. The use examples in section C) demonstrate the controlled degradation of polypropylene with hydroxylamine esters (NOR compounds). Adding NOR compounds increases the degradation of the polypropylene used, which is reflected in higher MFR values ​​compared to the starting polymer. In contrast to alkylated hydroxylamines, hydroxylamine esters result in significantly greater polymer degradation (higher MFR values ​​at the same use concentration). Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for increasing the stretchability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene. In particular, it is desirable to increase the melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or stretchability of polyethylene during processing, particularly during extrusion of polyethylene, and more particularly during extrusion of polyethylene to produce films or fibers. This is particularly true in the production of blown polyethylene films. Such improvements are desirable for uniaxially oriented polyethylene films (MOPE) and biaxially oriented polyethylene films (BOPE). [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] Surprisingly, it has been found that polypropylene and a hydroxylamine ester of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA'''), or a mixture of two or more thereof, when mixed with polyethylene, enhance the stretchability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of the polyethylene.

[0008] Accordingly, in one aspect, the invention claimed herein relates to a method for increasing the drawability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene, the method comprising blending polyethylene with 0.1 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the blend, of polypropylene, and at least one hydroxylamine ester of formula (I), or a combination thereof.

[0009] In another aspect, the invention claimed herein relates to a polyethylene composition comprising 80 to 99.8 wt % polyethylene, based on the total weight of the composition; 0.1 to 10 wt % polypropylene, based on the total weight of the composition; and 0.001 to 1 wt % hydroxylamine ester selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA'''), or a mixture of two or more thereof, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0010] In yet another aspect, the invention claimed herein relates to the use of polypropylene and a hydroxylamine ester selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA'''), or a mixture of two or more thereof, to enhance the drawability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] Before describing the compositions and formulations of the present invention, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular compositions and formulations described, as such compositions and formulations may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the presently claimed invention will be limited only by the appended claims.

[0012] Hereinafter, when a group is defined as including at least a certain number of embodiments, this preferably also means that the group consists of only those embodiments. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," "third," or "(a)," "(b)," "(c)," "(d)," etc. in this specification and claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and do not necessarily dictate sequential or chronological order. Terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, and it is understood that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be performed in orders other than those described or illustrated herein. Where the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(A)", "(B)" and "(C)" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)", "i", "ii" etc. refer to steps of a method or use or assay, unless otherwise specified in this application, as described herein above or hereinafter, the steps may be separated by no time or by inconsistent time intervals, i.e. the steps may be performed simultaneously or the time interval between such steps may be seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months or even years.

[0013] In the following text, different aspects of the invention are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined can be combined with any other aspect or aspects, unless expressly indicated otherwise. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous can be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.

[0014] References throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or a "preferred embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the presently claimed invention. Thus, the appearances of "in one embodiment," "in a preferred embodiment," or "in another embodiment" in various places throughout this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, but may. Furthermore, particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure. Furthermore, as will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, although one embodiment described herein may include some features but not others included in other embodiments, it is understood that combinations of features from different embodiments are within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the appended claims, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.

[0015] Furthermore, ranges defined throughout this specification are inclusive, i.e., a range of 1 to 10 is intended to include both 1 and 10. For the avoidance of doubt, applicants are entitled to any and all equivalents, pursuant to applicable law.

[0016] So that this disclosure may be more readily understood, certain terms are first defined. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which embodiments of this invention pertain.

[0017] In one aspect, the invention claimed herein is a method for increasing the drawability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene, comprising mixing polyethylene with 0.1 to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the mixture, of polypropylene, a copolymer of formula (I) [ka] [In the formula, R a represents acyl; R b and R c One of the groups represents hydrogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl, and the other group represents C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C6-C 10 Aryloxy, -OC(=O)-H, -OC(=O)-C1-C 19 Alkyl, -OC(=O)-C1~C 54 Alkenyl, -OC(=O)-C6-C 10 Aryl, -OC(=O)-C1~C 36 Alkenyl-C6~C 10 Aryl, -OC(=O)-O-C1~C 19 Alkyl, -OC(=O)-O-C6~C 10 Aryl, -OC(=O)-NH-C1-C6 alkyl, -OC(=O)-NH-C6-C 10 aryl, and -OC(=O)-N(C1-C6 alkyl)2 selected from the group consisting of acyloxy, C1-C6 alkylamino, di-C1-C6 alkylamino, C6-C 10 Arylamino, -NH-C(=O)-H, -NH-C(=O)-C1-C 19 Alkyl, -NH-C(=O)-C1~C 54 Alkenyl, -NH-C(=O)-C6-C 10 Aryl, -NH-C(=O)-C1-C 36 Alkenyl-C6~C 10 Aryl, -NH-C(=O)-O-C1-C 19 Alkyl, -NH-C(=O)-O-C6~C 10 Aryl, -NH-C(=O)-NH-C1-C6 alkyl, -NH-C(=O)-NH-C6-C 10aryl, and acylamino selected from the group consisting of -NH-C(=O)-N(C1-C6 alkyl), -N[-C(=O)-C1-C 19 Alkyl]2 and -N[-C(=O)-C6~C 10 diacylamino or N-acyl-N—C1-C6 alkylamino selected from the group consisting of aryl; or R b and R c both represent hydrogen, hydroxyl, or the same or different substituents defined above; or R b and R c is the general formula [ka] (In the formula, ( * ) indicates the bond position, R' and R''' are C1-C4 alkyl; R'' and R'''' are C1-C4 alkylene-hydroxy, C4-C 32 Acyloxy or C4-C 32 a 5- or 6-membered ring of acyloxy-C1-C4 alkylene; R1 to R4 each independently represent C1 to C6 alkyl; R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C6~C 10 represents aryl; or R5 and R6 both represent oxygen. or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, a method for increasing the stretchability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene comprises blending polyethylene with 0.1 to 10 wt % polypropylene, based on the total weight of the blend.

[0018] In one embodiment, a method for increasing the drawability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene comprises mixing polyethylene with at least one hydroxylamine ester of formula (I).

[0019] In one embodiment, a method for increasing the stretchability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene comprises blending the polyethylene with 0.001 to 1 wt %, based on the total weight of the blend, of at least one hydroxylamine ester of Formula (I). In one embodiment, a method for increasing the stretchability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene comprises blending the polyethylene with polypropylene and at least one hydroxylamine ester of Formula (I).

[0020] In another embodiment, a method for increasing the extensibility and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene comprises blending polyethylene with 0.1 to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the blend, of polypropylene, 0.001 to 1 wt %, based on the total weight of the blend, of at least one compound selected from hydroxylamine esters of formula (I), or a combination thereof.

[0021] polyethylene: In one embodiment, the polyethylene is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), ultra-low molecular weight polyethylene (ULMWPE or PE-WAX), high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density cross-linked polyethylene (HDXLPE), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX or XLPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), or chlorinated polyethylene (CPE).

[0022] In preferred embodiments, the polyethylene is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), or medium density polyethylene (MDPE).

[0023] In a more preferred embodiment, the polyethylene is linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) or low density polyethylene (LDPE).

[0024] In one embodiment, the polyethylene has a viscosity of 0.910 to 0.960 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.915 to 0.950 g / cm 3 It has a density of

[0025] The polyethylene is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Such UHMWPE has a molecular weight of several million, e.g., 3,500,000 to 7,500,000 g / mol. Typically, the density tends to be lower than that of high-density polyethylene, at 0.930 to 0.935 g / cm. 3 The range may be:

[0026] High density polyethylene (HDPE) is also used, especially with a density of 0.960 g / cm 3 Typically, HDPE has a viscosity of 0.941 g / cm 3 and can be processed in accordance with the present invention. 3 It has a density exceeding .

[0027] LLDPE can be characterized as being a substantially linear polymer, but may contain numerous short branches. The density of LLDPE is typically 0.915 to 0.925 g / cm. 3 The range is.

[0028] Low density polyethylene can be characterized by a high degree of short and long chain branching. Typically, LDPE has a density of 0.910 to 0.940 g / cm 3 When LDPE is processed, the density preferably ranges from 0.915 to 0.940 g / cm. 3 is within the range.

[0029] Preferably, the polyethylene used in accordance with the present invention may be medium density polyethylene (MDPE). Typically, such medium density polyethylene (MDPE) has a viscosity of 0.926 to 0.940 g / cm 3 It has a density in the range of

[0030] In one embodiment, the polyethylene is recycled.

[0031] In another embodiment, the polyethylene is virgin polyethylene, polyethylene recycle, or a mixture thereof.

[0032] Polyethylene recycle may contain other polymers such as polyolefins.

[0033] Polyethylene recycle can be obtained from household, commercial, and industrial waste or useful material collections. Recycled polyethylene can come from separation and sorting, or from specific industry sectors and return obligations, such as the automotive industry, the electrical / electronics industry, construction, agriculture, and textile industries, or from household and commercial products (e.g., supermarkets).

[0034] polypropylene: In one embodiment, the polypropylene is selected from the group consisting of a polypropylene homopolymer or a polypropylene copolymer.

[0035] In one embodiment, the polypropylene has a melt flow index of greater than or equal to 0.5 g / 10 min.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the polypropylene has a melt flow index of 2 g / 10 min or greater.

[0037] In a more preferred embodiment, the polypropylene has a melt flow index in the range of 0.5 to 2500 g / 10 min.

[0038] In a most preferred embodiment, the polypropylene has a melt flow index in the range of 2 to 2500 g / 10 min.

[0039] The melt flow index (MFI) was measured according to EN ISO1133 at 230°C under a load of 2.16 kg.

[0040] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the total amount of polypropylene to the total amount of polyethylene ranges from 0.5:99.5 to 10:90.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the total amount of polypropylene to the total amount of polyethylene is in the range of 1:99 to 5:95.

[0042] The polypropylene-type polymer to be degraded may include a propylene homopolymer or a propylene copolymer. The propylene copolymer may contain various proportions of comonomers, for example, up to about 90% or up to about 50%. Examples of such comonomers are: olefins, such as 1-olefins, such as ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, or 1-octene, isobutylene; cycloolefins, such as cyclopentene, cyclohexene, norbornene, or ethylidene norbornene; dienes, such as butadiene, isoprene, 1,4-hexadiene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, or norbornadiene; and also acrylic acid derivatives and unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides, such as maleic anhydride.

[0043] Hydroxylamine esters: In one embodiment, at least one hydroxylamine ester of formula (I) is as follows: [ka] [In the formula, R a represents acyl; R b and R cOne of the groups represents hydrogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl, and the other group represents C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C6-C 10 Aryloxy, -OC(=O)-H, -OC(=O)-C1-C 19 Alkyl, -OC(=O)-C1~C 54 Alkenyl, -OC(=O)-C6-C 10 Aryl, -OC(=O)-C1~C 36 Alkenyl-C6~C 10 Aryl, -OC(=O)-O-C1~C 19 Alkyl, -OC(=O)-O-C6~C 10 Aryl, -OC(=O)-NH-C1-C6 alkyl, -OC(=O)-NH-C6-C 10 aryl, and -OC(=O)-N(C1-C6 alkyl)2 selected from the group consisting of acyloxy, C1-C6 alkylamino, di-C1-C6 alkylamino, C6-C 10 Arylamino, -NH-C(=O)-H, -NH-C(=O)-C1-C 19 Alkyl, -NH-C(=O)-C1~C 54 Alkenyl, -NH-C(=O)-C6-C 10 Aryl, -NH-C(=O)-C1-C 36 Alkenyl-C6~C 10 Aryl, -NH-C(=O)-O-C1-C 19 Alkyl, -NH-C(=O)-O-C6~C 10 Aryl, -NH-C(=O)-NH-C1-C6 alkyl, -NH-C(=O)-NH-C6-C 10 aryl, and acylamino selected from the group consisting of -NH-C(=O)-N(C1-C6 alkyl), -N[-C(=O)-C1-C 19 Alkyl]2 and -N[-C(=O)-C6~C 10 diacylamino or N-acyl-N—C1-C6 alkylamino selected from the group consisting of aryl; or R b and R c both represent hydrogen, hydroxyl, or the same or different substituents defined above; or R b and R c is the general formula [ka] (In the formula, ( * ) indicates the bond position, R' and R''' are C1-C4 alkyl; R'' and R'''' are C1-C4 alkylene-hydroxy, C4-C 32 Acyloxy or C4-C 32 a 5- or 6-membered ring of acyloxy-C1-C4 alkylene; R1 to R4 each independently represent C1 to C6 alkyl; R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C6~C 10 represents aryl; or R5 and R6 both represent oxygen.

[0044] In the hydroxylamine ester of formula (I), R a The term acyl in relation to the definition of is preferably -C(=O)-H, -C(=O)-C1C 19 Alkyl, -C(=O)-C2~C 19 Alkenyl, -C(=O)-C2-C4 alkenyl-C6-C 10 aryl, -C(=O)-C6~C 10 Aryl, -C(=O)-O-C1-C6 alkyl, -C(=O)-O-C6-C 10 Aryl, -C(=O)-NH-C1-C6 alkyl, -C(=O)-NH-C6~C 10 an acyl group selected from the group consisting of aryl, and -C(=O)-N(C1-C6 alkyl)2; Acyl group R a C1~C 19Alkyl is, for example, C1-C6 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or isopropyl, or n-, sec-, or tert-butyl, or straight-chain or branched pentyl or hexyl, or C7-C 19 Alkyl, for example, linear or branched heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, nonyl, tert-nonyl, decyl, or undecyl, or C═O═C ... 12 ~C 20 Alkanoyl, such as lauroyl (C 12 ), myristoyl (C 14 ), palmitoyl (C 16 ), or stearoyl (C 18 ) forming a linear C 11 ~C 19 It is alkyl.

[0045] C6~C 10 Aryl is, for example, a carbocyclic monoaryl or diaryl, preferably monoaryl, such as phenyl, which may be mono- or disubstituted by suitable substituents, such as C1-C4 alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, or tert-butyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, for example methoxy or ethoxy, or halogen, for example chlorine. In the case of disubstitution, the 2- and 6-positions are preferred.

[0046] The acyl group R a may be substituted at the free valence by a suitable substituent, such as fluorine or chlorine, and is preferably formyl, acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, pivaloyl, acryloyl, methacryloyl, oleoyl, cinnamoyl, benzoyl, 2,6-xyloyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, ethylcarbamoyl, or phenylcarbamoyl.

[0047] The C1 to C6 alkyl represented by R1 to R4 is preferably C1 to C4 alkyl, more preferably C1 to C2 alkyl, for example, methyl or ethyl.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, R1 to R4 are methyl or ethyl. Alternatively, one to three of the substituents R1 to R4 are ethyl. In that case, the remaining substituents are methyl.

[0049] R5 and R6 are preferably hydrogen. R5 and R6 are preferably C1-C6 alkyl or C6-C 10 Aryl is preferably methyl or phenyl.

[0050] The hydroxylamine esters of formula (I) are known or can be prepared by known methods, for example by reacting the corresponding >N—OH compound with an acid R a R is acylated by a conventional esterification reaction with -OH a It can be prepared by introducing a group, for example, -C(=O)-H, -C(=O)-C 19 Alkyl -C(=O)-C2~C 19 Alkenyl, -C(=O)-C2-C4 alkenyl-C6-C 10 Aryl, -C(=O)-C6~C 10 Aryl, -C(=O)-O-C1-C6 alkyl, -C(=O)-O-C6-C 10 Aryl, -C(=O)-NH-C1-C6 alkyl, -C(=O)-NH-C6-C 10 aryl, and an acyl group selected from the group consisting of —C(═O)—N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, or a reactive functional derivative thereof, such as an acid halide R a -X, such as an acid chloride, or an anhydride, such as (R a )2O. Hydroxylamine esters of formula (I) and methods for their preparation are described in WO 01 / 90113.

[0051] In one embodiment, the hydroxylamine ester of formula (I) is of formula (IA): [ka] [In the formula, R arepresents acyl, R1', R2', and R3' are each independently hydrogen or methyl, and ALK is a C2-C 10 Alkylene or C1-C4 alkylene-hydroxy, C4-C 32 Acyloxy and C4-C 32 C3-C substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of acyloxy-C1-C4 alkylene 10 represents alkylene] The sterically hindered amine derivatives are selected from the group consisting of:

[0052] Examples of alkylene having up to 10 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, and decyl.

[0053] Examples of acyloxy having up to 32 carbon atoms are acetyloxy, propanoyloxy, butanoyloxy, pentanoyloxy, and the like.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the hydroxylamine ester of formula (I) is of formula (IA') [ka] wherein R1' and R2' independently represent hydrogen or methyl; R a represents C2-C8 acyl; R a ' is C8~C 22 represents acyl] The sterically hindered amine derivatives are selected from the group consisting of:

[0055] Examples of acyls having up to 22 carbon atoms are acetyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, pentanoyl, and the like.

[0056] In a more preferred embodiment, the hydroxylamine ester of formula (I) is of formula (IA″): [ka] The sterically hindered amine derivatives are selected from the group consisting of:

[0057] C1~C 21 Examples of alkyl are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methylundecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, icosanyl, and henicosanyl.

[0058] In a most preferred embodiment, the hydroxylamine ester of formula (I) is of formula (IA'''): [ka] is a compound of

[0059] In one embodiment, a method for increasing the drawability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene comprises blending the polyethylene with polypropylene, 0.001 to 1 wt %, based on the total weight of the blend, of a compound selected from hydroxylamine esters selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA''') as defined above, or a mixture of two or more thereof, or a combination thereof.

[0060] In one embodiment, the mixing step comprises sequentially or simultaneously mixing polypropylene and / or a hydroxylamine ester selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), or (IA''') as defined above, or a mixture of two or more thereof, with polyethylene.

[0061] In another embodiment, the blending step comprises blending pre-blended polyethylene and polypropylene with a hydroxylamine ester selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), or (IA''') as defined above, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

[0062] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the total amount of hydroxylamine esters selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA''') as defined above, or a mixture of two or more thereof, to the total amount of polyethylene is in the range of 0.001:99.999 to 0.05:99.95.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the total amount of hydroxylamine esters selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA''') as defined above, or a mixture of two or more thereof, to the total amount of polyethylene is in the range of 0.01:99.99.

[0064] In a more preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the total amount of hydroxylamine esters selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA''') as defined above, or a mixture of two or more thereof, to the total amount of polyethylene is in the range of 0.013:99.97.

[0065] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the total amount of polypropylene, compounds selected from hydroxylamine esters selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA''') as defined above, or mixtures of two or more thereof, or combinations thereof, to the total amount of polyethylene is in the range of 0.01:99.99 to 10:90.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the total amount of polypropylene, a compound selected from hydroxylamine esters selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA''') as defined above, or a mixture of two or more thereof, or a combination thereof to the total amount of polyethylene is in the range of 0.01:99.99 to 6:94.

[0067] In one embodiment, the mixing step further comprises adding an additive selected from light stabilizers, antioxidants, visbreaking agents other than the hydroxylamine esters of formula (I), metal deactivators, phosphites and phosphonites, nitrones, thiosynergists, peroxide scavengers, basic co-stabilizers, nucleating agents, fillers and reinforcing agents, benzofuranones, indolinones, slip agents, acid scavengers, lubricants, polymer processing aids, antiblocking agents, antifogging agents, activators, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

[0068] These additives are commonly used in the plastics industry. Examples of slip agents and acid scavengers are listed in Chapter 4 of the Plastic Additives Handbook; examples of lubricants are listed in Chapter 5 of the Plastic Additives Handbook; examples of polymer processing aids are listed in Chapter 6 of the Plastic Additives Handbook; examples of antiblocking agents are listed in Chapter 7 of the Plastic Additives Handbook; and examples of antifogging agents are listed in Chapter 9 of the Plastic Additives Handbook. th Edition,Edited by Hans Zweifel,Hanser Munich,ISBN3-446-21654-5.

[0069] Specific examples of the above-mentioned additives are shown below. 1. Antioxidants 1.1. Alkylated monophenols, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4 -methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, linear or branched nonylphenols such as 2,6-dinonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltridec-1'-yl)phenol and mixtures thereof.

[0070] 1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenols, such as 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.

[0071] 1.3. Hydroquinone and alkylated hydroquinones, for example, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)adipate.

[0072] 1.4. Tocopherols, such as α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol and mixtures thereof (vitamin E).

[0073] 1.5. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, such as 2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide.

[0074] 1.6. Alkylidene bisphenols, such as 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(α-methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis( 4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) Butane, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)dicyclopentadiene Benzene, bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl]terephthalate, 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, 1,1,5,5-tetra-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.

[0075] 1.7. O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds, such as 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl mercaptoacetate.

[0076] 1.8. Hydroxybenzylated malonates, such as dioctadecyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, di-octadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, didodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate.

[0077] 1.9. Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds, such as 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.

[0078] 1.10. Triazine compounds, such as 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5 -tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate.

[0079] 1.11. Benzyl phosphonates, for example, dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, calcium salts of the monoethyl ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid.

[0080] 1.12. Acylaminophenols, such as 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, octyl N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate.

[0081] 1.13. Esters of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0082] 1.14. β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isothiazolinone, Nurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; esters with 3,9-bis[2-{3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}-1,1-dimethylethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane.

[0083] 1.15. Esters of β-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0084] 1.16. Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, and 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0085] 1.17. Amides of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, for example, N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamide, N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazide, N,N′-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyloxy)ethyl]oxamide (Naugard® XL-1 supplied by Uniroyal).

[0086] 1.18. Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

[0087] 1.19. Amine antioxidants, such as N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine diphenylamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p-toluenesulfamoyl)diphenylamine, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p -phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octylated diphenylamines such as p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-Octadecanoylaminophenol, Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol, 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,2-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-bis(phenylamino)propane, (o-tolyl)biguanide, bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated isopropyl / isohexyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyldiphenylamines, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octylphenothiazines, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated tert-octylphenothiazines, N-allylphenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene.

[0088] 2. UV absorbers and light stabilizers 2.1. 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, for example, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2- (3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-bis-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydrox-phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylene-bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylphenol]; 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole transesterification product with polyethylene glycol 300; -[-R-CH2CH2COO-CH2CH2-]2- [wherein R = 3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl, 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-benzotriazole; 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-5'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-phenyl]benzotriazole).

[0089] 2.2.2-Hydroxybenzophenones, such as the 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy, and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivatives.

[0090] 2.3. Esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acids, for example, 4-tert-butylphenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.

[0091] 2.4. Acrylates / cinnamates, such as ethyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, isooctyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, methyl α-carbomethoxycinnamate, methyl α-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, butyl α-cyano-β,β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, methyl α-carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate, N-(β-carbomethoxy-β-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline, neopentyl tetra(α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate). Other cyanoacrylates can also be used; such compounds are shown in EP 3587425.

[0092] 2.5. Nickel compounds, such as 1:1 or 1:2 complexes, with or without additional ligands such as n-butylamine, triethanolamine, or N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine, nickel complexes of 2,2'-thio-bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol], nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, nickel salts of monoalkyl esters, such as the methyl or ethyl ester of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylphosphonic acid, nickel complexes of ketoximes, such as 2-hydroxy-4-methylphenylundecylketoxime, nickel complexes of 1-phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroxypyrazole, with or without additional ligands.

[0093] 2.6. Sterically hindered amines, for example, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)succinate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl Condensation products of tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine with succinic acid, linear or cyclic condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine with 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)nitrilotriacetate, tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazine), non), 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)malonate, 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) linear or cyclic condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine with 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, condensation product of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine with 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, condensation product of 2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine with 1,Condensation products with 2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, a mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6 Condensation product of N,N-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine with 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, condensation product of 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Registry Number [136504-96-6]); 1,6-hexanediamine and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, and N,N-dibutylamine and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine Condensation product of N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4,5]decane, and reaction products of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4,5]decane with epichlorohydrin compounds, 1,1-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyloxycarbonyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene, N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine, diester of 4-methoxymethylenemalonic acid and 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine, poly[methylpropyl-3-oxy-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)]siloxane, maleic anhydride-α-olefin copolymer and 2,2,6,Reaction products with 6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine or 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine, 2,4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine, 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, Sanduvor 3058 (Clariant; CAS Registry Number 106917-31-1) 1-(1-acetyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-dodecylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione, reaction products of 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine and N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine, 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazin-3-one-4-yl)amino)-s-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazin-3-one-4-yl)amino)-s-triazine.

[0094] 2.7. Oxamides, such as 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide and mixtures thereof with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides and mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.

[0095] 2.8. 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines, such as 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-butyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2 -[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxypropyloxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[4-(dodecyloxy / tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)phenyl 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-{2-hydroxy-4-[3-(2-ethylhexyl-1-oxy)-2-hydroxypropyloxy]phenyl}-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(4-[2-ethylhexyloxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine.

[0096] 3. Metal deactivators, such as N,N'-diphenyloxamide, N-salicylal-N'-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-propionyl)hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyl dihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyl dihydrazide, sebacoyl bisphenylhydrazide, N,N'-diacetyladipoyl dihydrazide, N,N'-bis-(salicyloyl)oxalyl dihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl dihydrazide.

[0097] 4. Phosphites and phosphonites, such as triphenyl phosphite, diphenyl alkyl phosphite, phenyl dialkyl phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-cumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, Pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyloxypentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite), tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite, 6- Isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)methyl phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl phosphite, 6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, 2,2',2''-nitrilo[triethyltris(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite], 2-ethylhexyl(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite, 5-butyl-5-ethyl-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphiran, poly(4,4'{-isopropylidenediphenol}-octylphosphite), poly(4,4'-{isopropylidenebis[2,6-dibromophenol]}-octylphosphite), poly(4,4'-{2,2'-dimethyl-5,5'-Di-t-butylphenylsulfide}-pentaerythrityl diphosphite), phosphoric acid, mixed 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl and 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl triesters (CAS No. 939402-02-5), phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester, polymer with alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxypoly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)], C, 10 ~ 16 -Alkyl esters (CAS number 1227937-46-3).

[0098] The following phosphites are particularly preferred: Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (lrgafos® 168, BASF SE), tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, [ka]

[0099] 5. Hydroxylamines, such as N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, hydrogenated tallow amine or N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines derived from plant materials.

[0100] 6. Nitrones, such as N-benzyl-α-phenyl nitrone, N-ethyl-α-methyl nitrone, N-octyl-α-heptyl nitrone, N-lauryl-α-undecyl nitrone, N-tetradecyl-α-tridecyl nitrone, N-hexadecyl-α-pentadecyl nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-heptadecyl nitrone, N-hexadecyl-α-heptadecyl nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-pentadecyl nitrone, N-heptadecyl-α-heptadecyl nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-hexadecyl nitrone, and nitrones derived from N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines derived from hydrogenated tallow amine.

[0101] 7. Thiosynergists, such as dilauryl thiodipropionate, dimistryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(dodecylthio)propionate] or distearyl disulfide.

[0102] 8. Peroxide scavengers, such as esters of β-thiodipropionic acid, for example the lauryl, stearyl, myristyl, or tridecyl ester, zinc salts of mercaptobenzimidazole or 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, dioctadecyl disulfide, pentaerythritol tetrakis(β-dodecylmercapto)propionate.

[0103] 9. Basic co-stabilizers, such as melamine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids, such as calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium ricinoleate and potassium palmitate, antimony pyrocatecholate or zinc pyrocatecholate.

[0104] 10. Nucleating agents, for example, inorganic substances such as talcum, metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, preferably alkaline earth metal phosphates, carbonates or sulfates, organic compounds such as mono- or polycarboxylic acids and their salts, for example, 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate or sodium benzoate, polymeric compounds such as ionic copolymers (ionomers). 1,3:2,4-bis(3',4'-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3:2,4-di(paramethyldibenzylidene)sorbitol, and 1,3:2,4-di(benzylidene)sorbitol are particularly preferred.

[0105] 11. Fillers and reinforcing agents, such as calcium carbonate, silicates, surface-treated silicas (such as those described in US-A-2007 / 60,697 and US-A-2009 / 111,918), glass fibers, glass beads, asbestos, talc, kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon black, graphite, wood flour and other natural product fine powders or fibers, synthetic fibers.

[0106] 12. Other additives, such as plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, pigments, rheological additives, catalysts, flow control agents, optical brighteners, flame retardants, antistatic agents, and foaming agents, may also be added. Other additives may include the antiblocking agents mentioned above, which are used in films to reduce the negative adhesion between two polyethylene surfaces, making film separation difficult. Additional additives include the slip agents mentioned above, which are used to help film surfaces slide against each other. Antifog agents, such as those mentioned above, may also be added.

[0107] 13. Benzofuranones and indolinones, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,325,863; U.S. Pat. No. 4,338,244; U.S. Pat. No. 5,175,312; U.S. Pat. No. 5,216,052; U.S. Pat. No. 5,252,643; German Patent Application Publication No. A-4316611; German Patent Application Publication No. A-4316622; German Patent Application Publication No. A-43 EP-A-0589839, EP-A-0591102, EP-A-1291384, or 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]- )phenyl]benzofuran-2-one, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one], 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one, 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2-acetyl-5-isooctylphenyl)-5-isooctylbenzofuran-2-one. Suitable benzofuranones also include the compounds identified in WO 2015 / 121445 and WO 2017 / 025431.

[0108] 14. Visbreaking agents Visbreaking agents or generally radical initiators. Typically these include organic or inorganic peroxides, bisazo compounds and cumene, which are widely used in industry.

[0109] 14.1. Peroxides Examples of peroxides suitable as visbreaking agents include 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexyne-3,3,6,6,9,9-pentamethyl-3-(ethyl acetate)-1,2,4,5-tetraoxycyclononane, t-butyl hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate, di-t-butyl peroxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, dibenzoyl diperoxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide;t-Butyl hydroxyethyl peroxide, di-t-amyl peroxide and 2,5-dimethylhexene-2,5-diperisononanoate, acetylcyclohexanesulfonyl peroxide, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, tert-amyl perneodecanoate, tert-butyl perneodecanoate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-amyl perpivalate, bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide, diisononanoyl peroxide, didecanoyl peroxide, dioctanoyl peroxide, diisopropyl ... uroyl peroxide, bis(2-methylbenzoyl) peroxide, disuccinoyl peroxide, diacetyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, bis(4-chlorobenzoyl) peroxide, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, tert-butyl permaleate, 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, tert-butylperoxyisopropyl carbonate, tert-Butyl perisononanoate, 2,5-dimethylhexane 2,5-dibenzoate, tert-butyl peracetate, tert-amyl perbenzoate, tert-butyl perbenzoate, 2,2-bis(tert-butylperoxy)butane, 2,2-bis(tert-butylperoxy)propane, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethylhexane 2,5-di-tert-butylperoxide, 3-tert-butylperoxy-3-phenylphthalide, di-tert-amyl peroxide, α,α'-bis(tert-butyl tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene, 3,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-1,2-dioxolane, di-tert-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethylhexyne 2,5-di-tert-butyl peroxide, 3,3,6,6,9,9-hexamethyl-1,2,4,5-tetraoxacyclononane, p-menthane hydroperoxide, pinane hydroperoxide, diisopropylbenzene mono-α-hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, or tert-butyl hydroperoxide;

[0110] 14.2. Bisazo compounds Such azo compounds include, for example, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 1,1'-azobis(1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2,2'-azobis(isobutyramide) dihydrate, 2-phenylazo-2,4-dimethyl-4-methoxyvaleronitrile, dimethyl 2,2'-azobisisobutyrate, 2-(carbamoylazo)isobutyrate, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile ... butyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis(2,4,4-trimethylpentane), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropane), 2,2'-azobis(N,N'-dimethyleneisobutyramidine) free base or hydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) free base or hydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis{2-methyl-N-[1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]propionamide}, or 2,2'-azobis{2-methyl-N-[1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]propionamide}.

[0111] 14.3 Cumene Examples of cumene as a visbreaking agent include 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane or 3,4-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylhexane.

[0112] 15. Activators Examples of activators are thiols, disulfides, thioesters, or thiourethanes.

[0113] 15.1 Thiols Examples of suitable activating thiols and dithiols are those of the formula RSA or RSSR [In the formula, R is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent hydrocarbyl group attached to a sulfur atom by a carbon atom, and A is hydrogen or -SO3 - B+ is an organic or inorganic cation] It is of the type.

[0114] Also included are thiouram sulfides, dithiocarbamates, mercaptobenzothiazoles and sulfenamides.

[0115] R is a hydrocarbyl bonded to a sulfur atom by a carbon atom, e.g., C8-C 22 Alkyl, hydroxy-C2-C8 alkyl, mercapto-C2-C8 alkyl, mercapto-C8-C interrupted by one or more -NH- groups 20 Alkyl, mercapto-C8-C interrupted by one or more -OCO- groups 20 Alkyl, mercapto-C8-C interrupted by one or more hydroxyl groups 18 Alkyl, C8-C 10 aryl, or C1-C4 alkyl, 4-thiophenyl, 3-methyl-4-thiophenyl, and C6-C 10 C6-C substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl-C1-C4 alkyl 10 It is aryl.

[0116] Cation or cationic group B + is, for example, an alkali metal cation, such as the sodium or potassium ion, an ammonium ion, a tri-C1-C4 alkylammonium ion, such as the tetramethyl or tetraethylammonium ion, or a cholinyl cation.

[0117] In a preferred embodiment, the thiols and dithiols are octadecanethiol, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate).

[0118] 15.2. Thiourethane: Examples of suitable activating thiourethanes are those of the formula [ka] wherein A is based on an organic isocyanate and the group(s) -SR are introduced by reaction with an isocyanate group, R is an optionally substituted and / or interrupted C-C 40 is alkyl, n is 1 or greater.

[0119] A is preferably based on an organic isocyanate, the organic isocyanate being an aryl alkyl diisocyanate, an aryl diisocyanate, an isophorone diisocyanate, or a diaryl alkane diisocyanate, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with C1-C4 alkyl or di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, or C4-C 20 Alkyl diisocyanates or oligomeric or polymeric products obtained by reaction of said diisocyanates with themselves and / or with polyols.

[0120] The polyol is preferably a C1-C hydroxyl group-containing polyol. 10 Alkanol or poly-C2-C 10 It is an alkylene glycol.

[0121] The corresponding organic isocyanates are known or can be obtained according to known processes, for example those described in WO 05 / 070987.

[0122] R can be interrupted, for example, by -O-, -NH-, -S- and / or carbonyl groups. A possible substituent of R is -SH. The corresponding C8-C 40 Alkyl, especially C8-C 20 Alkyl is preferred.

[0123] In view of the above, the term "isocyanates functionalized with thio compounds" relates to the corresponding thiourethanes.

[0124] In one embodiment, the additive is present in the polymer melt in an amount of 0.001 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the polyethylene.

[0125] In a preferred embodiment, the additive is present in the polymer melt in an amount of 0.001 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the polyethylene.

[0126] In one embodiment, conventional fillers or reinforcing agents may be present in the polymer melt in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the polyethylene.

[0127] In a preferred embodiment, conventional fillers or reinforcing agents may be present in an amount of 1 to 5 wt %, based on the total weight of the polyethylene.

[0128] In another aspect, the invention claimed herein relates to a polyethylene composition comprising 80 to 99.8 wt. % polyethylene, based on the total weight of the composition; 0.1 to 10 wt. % polypropylene, based on the total weight of the composition; and 0.001 to 1 wt. % compound, based on the total weight of the composition, selected from hydroxylamine esters selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA'''), as defined above, or mixtures of two or more thereof, or combinations thereof.

[0129] The polyethylene composition further comprises additives selected from light stabilizers, antioxidants, visbreaking agents other than the hydroxylamine esters of formula (I), metal deactivators, phosphites and phosphonites, nitrones, thiosynergists, peroxide scavengers, basic co-stabilizers, nucleating agents, fillers and reinforcing agents, benzofuranones, indolinones, slip agents, acid scavengers, antiblocking agents, antifogging agents, activators, or mixtures of two or more thereof.

[0130] The polyethylene, polypropylene and additives are selected from the group defined above.

[0131] In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a hydroxylamine ester selected from polypropylene and / or sterically hindered amines of the above formulae (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA''') as defined above, or a mixture of two or more thereof, for increasing the drawability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene.

[0132] In one embodiment, the polyethylene is a polyethylene film or fiber.

[0133] Therefore, another aspect of the present invention is an article comprising the polyethylene composition defined above.

[0134] In one embodiment, the article is a polyethylene film or fiber.

[0135] The presently claimed invention provides one or more of the following advantages: 1. Methods for improving polyethylene processing. 2. A method for increasing the stretchability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene during processing, particularly during extrusion of polyethylene.

[0136] The following describes specific embodiments of the presently claimed invention: 1. A method for increasing the stretchability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene, comprising mixing polyethylene with 0.1 to 10% by weight of polypropylene, based on the total weight of the mixture, and a copolymer of formula (I) [ka] [In the formula, R a represents acyl; R b and R c One of the groups represents hydrogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl, and the other group represents C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C6-C 10 Aryloxy, -OC(=O)-H, -OC(=O)-C1-C 19 Alkyl, -OC(=O)-C1~C 54Alkenyl, -OC(=O)-C6-C 10 Aryl, -OC(=O)-C1~C 36 Alkenyl-C6~C 10 Aryl, -OC(=O)-O-C1~C 19 Alkyl, -OC(=O)-O-C6~C 10 Aryl, -OC(=O)-NH-C1-C6 alkyl, -OC(=O)-NH-C6-C 10 aryl, and -OC(=O)-N(C1-C6 alkyl)2 selected from the group consisting of acyloxy, C1-C6 alkylamino, di-C1-C6 alkylamino, C6-C 10 Arylamino, -NH-C(=O)-H, -NH-C(=O)-C1-C 19 Alkyl, -NH-C(=O)-C1~C 54 Alkenyl, -NH-C(=O)-C6-C 10 Aryl, -NH-C(=O)-C1-C 36 Alkenyl-C6~C 10 Aryl, -NH-C(=O)-O-C1-C 19 Alkyl, -NH-C(=O)-O-C6~C 10 Aryl, -NH-C(=O)-NH-C1-C6 alkyl, -NH-C(=O)-NH-C6-C 10 aryl, and acylamino selected from the group consisting of -NH-C(=O)-N(C1-C6 alkyl), -N[-C(=O)-C1-C 19 Alkyl]2 and -N[-C(=O)-C6~C 10 diacylamino or N-acyl-N—C1-C6 alkylamino selected from the group consisting of aryl; or R b and R c both represent hydrogen, hydroxyl, or the same or different substituents defined above; or R b and R c is the general formula [ka] (In the formula, ( * ) indicates the bond position, R' and R''' are C1-C4 alkyl; R'' and R'''' are C1-C4 alkylene-hydroxy, C4-C 32 Acyloxy or C4-C 32 a 5- or 6-membered ring of acyloxy-C1-C4 alkylene; R1 to R4 each independently represent C1 to C6 alkyl; R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or C6~C 10 represents aryl; or R5 and R6 both represent oxygen. or a combination thereof.

[0137] 2. The method of embodiment 1, wherein increasing the extensibility and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of the polyethylene comprises blending the polyethylene with 0.1 to 10 wt. % polypropylene, based on the total weight of the blend.

[0138] 3. The method of embodiment 1, wherein increasing the extensibility and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of the polyethylene comprises mixing the polyethylene with at least one hydroxylamine ester of formula (I).

[0139] 4. The method of embodiment 1, wherein increasing the extensibility and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of the polyethylene comprises blending the polyethylene with 0.001 to 1 wt. % of at least one hydroxylamine ester of formula (I), based on the total weight of the blend.

[0140] 5. The method of embodiment 1, wherein increasing the extensibility and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of the polyethylene comprises blending the polyethylene with polypropylene and at least one hydroxylamine ester of formula (I).

[0141] 6. The hydroxylamine ester of formula (I) is converted to a compound of formula (IA) [ka] [In the formula, R a represents acyl, R1', R2', and R3' are each independently hydrogen or methyl, and ALK is a C2-C 10 Alkylene or C1-C4 alkylene-hydroxy, C4-C 32 Acyloxy and C4-C 32 C3-C substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of acyloxy-C1-C4 alkylene 10 represents alkylene] 6. The method of any one of embodiments 1, 3, 4, and 5, wherein the sterically hindered amine derivative is selected from the group consisting of:

[0142] 7. The hydroxylamine ester of formula (I) is converted to a compound of formula (IA') [ka] wherein R1' and R2' independently represent hydrogen or methyl; R a represents C2-C8 acyl; R a ' is C8~C 22 represents acyl] 7. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the sterically hindered amine derivative is selected from the group consisting of:

[0143] 8. The hydroxylamine ester of formula (I) is converted to a compound of formula (IA″) [ka] 8. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the sterically hindered amine derivative is selected from the group consisting of:

[0144] 9. The hydroxylamine ester of formula (I) is converted into a compound of formula (IA''') [ka] 9. The method of any one of embodiments 1-8, wherein the compound is

[0145] 10. The method of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein increasing the extensibility and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of the polyethylene comprises blending the polyethylene with polypropylene, 0.001 to 1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the blend, of a compound selected from a hydroxylamine ester selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA''') as defined in embodiments 6 to 9, or a mixture of two or more thereof, or a combination thereof.

[0146] 11. The method of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the mixing step comprises sequentially or simultaneously mixing polypropylene and / or a hydroxylamine ester selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), or (IA''') as defined in embodiments 6 to 9, or a mixture of two or more thereof, with polyethylene.

[0147] 12. The method of any one of embodiments 1-11, wherein the polyethylene is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), ultra-low molecular weight polyethylene (ULMWPE or PE-WAX), high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density cross-linked polyethylene (HDXLPE), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX or XLPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), or chlorinated polyethylene (CPE).

[0148] 13. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the polyethylene is linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) or low density polyethylene (LDPE).

[0149] 14. Polyethylene is 0.910 to 0.960 g / cm 314. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the density is

[0150] 15. The method of any one of embodiments 1-14, wherein the polyethylene is recycled.

[0151] 16. The method of any one of embodiments 1-11, wherein the polypropylene is selected from the group consisting of a polypropylene homopolymer or a polypropylene copolymer.

[0152] 17. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 11 and 16, wherein the polypropylene has a melt flow index of 0.5 g / 10 min or greater.

[0153] 18. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of polypropylene to the total amount of polyethylene is in the range of 0.5:99.5 to 10:90.

[0154] 19. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of polypropylene to the total amount of polyethylene is in the range of 1:99 to 5:95.

[0155] 20. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of hydroxylamine esters selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA''') as defined in embodiments 6 to 9, or a mixture of two or more thereof, to the total amount of polyethylene is in the range of 0.001:99.999 to 0.05:99.95.

[0156] 21. The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of hydroxylamine esters selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA''') as defined in embodiments 6 to 9, or a mixture of two or more thereof, to the total amount of polyethylene is in the range of 0.01:99.99.

[0157] 22. The method of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the combining step further comprises an additive selected from light stabilizers, antioxidants, visbreaking agents other than hydroxylamine esters of formula (I), metal deactivators, phosphites and phosphonites, nitrones, thiosynergists, peroxide scavengers, basic co-stabilizers, nucleating agents, fillers and reinforcing agents, benzofuranones, indolinones, slip agents, acid scavengers, antiblocking agents, antifogging agents, activators, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

[0158] 23. A polyethylene composition comprising: i. 80 to 99.8 wt. % polyethylene, based on the total weight of the composition; ii. A polyethylene composition comprising: 0.1 to 10 wt. % of polypropylene, based on the total weight of the composition; and 0.001 to 1 wt. % of a compound selected from hydroxylamine esters selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA'''') above, or a mixture of two or more thereof, as defined in any one of embodiments 6 to 9, or a combination thereof.

[0159] 24. The polyethylene composition of embodiment 23, wherein the polyethylene is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), ultra-low molecular weight polyethylene (ULMWPE or PE-WAX), high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density cross-linked polyethylene (HDXLPE), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX or XLPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), or chlorinated polyethylene (CPE).

[0160] 25. The polyethylene composition of embodiment 23 or 24, wherein the polyethylene is a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) or a low density polyethylene (LDPE).

[0161] 26. The polyethylene composition of embodiment 23, wherein the polypropylene is a polypropylene homopolymer or a polypropylene copolymer.

[0162] 27. The polyethylene composition of any one of embodiments 23 to 26, further comprising an additive selected from light stabilizers, antioxidants, visbreaking agents other than hydroxylamine esters of formula (I), metal deactivators, phosphites and phosphonites, nitrones, thiosynergists, peroxide scavengers, basic co-stabilizers, nucleating agents, fillers and reinforcing agents, benzofuranones, indolinones, slip agents, acid scavengers, antiblocking agents, antifogging agents, activators, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

[0163] 28. Use of polypropylene and / or a hydroxylamine ester selected from the sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA''), (IA''') as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27, or a mixture of two or more thereof, for increasing the stretchability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene.

[0164] 29. The use according to embodiment 28, wherein the polyethylene is a polyethylene film or fiber.

[0165] 30. An article comprising the polyethylene composition defined in any of embodiments 23-27.

[0166] 31. The article of embodiment 30, wherein the article is a polyethylene film or fiber.

[0167] The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, in which all percentages and parts are by weight unless otherwise specified. [Example]

[0168] Additives used: 1. Evalene PHF0301 (PP1) polypropylene manufactured by JG Summit Olefins Corporation: MFI 3g / cm 3;density 0.900g / cm 3 2. Hydroxylamine esters: Compounds of formula (IA''): IUPAC name: 9-acetoxy-3,8,10-triethyl-7,8,10-trimethyl-1,5-dioxa-9-azaspiro[5,5]undec-3-yl-methyl stearate [ka]

[0169] Example 1 Preparation: The above additives were used in a high-speed mixer F35 MTU manufactured by MTI, Germany, together with a 70 / 30 combination of PE-LD (ground Riblene FC 30) and PE-LLD (ground Dowlex SC 2108G) as the base, to produce a blend. The blend was then mixed at 230°C using a 25 / 42D twin-screw mixer manufactured by Collin, Germany, to obtain a well-homogenized granule.

[0170] Drawability and melt strength test: The compound's drawability and melt strength were tested in a rheotense test apparatus connected to a single screw extruder from Goettfert, Germany.

[0171] The test temperature was 190°C. The samples were uniaxially stretched at an acceleration rate of 2.4 mm / s2 through a set of accelerating nips located 100 mm below the die. The tensile force (cN) was recorded as a function of the take-up speed of the nip rolls. Higher values ​​indicate better melt strength improvement.

[0172] Drawability was reported as the maximum draw ratio v / v0 relative to the initial extrusion rate before draw resonance appeared, signaling draw disturbance and limiting throughput growth. Melt strength is the plateau force before strand breakage. The larger the ratio v / v0 (draw rate / initial extrusion rate at time zero), the better.

[0173] [Table 1]

[0174] The above results showed that the stretchability and melt strength of the polyethylene so treated according to the invention was superior to that of the reference compound.

[0175] It is surprising that the addition of the compound of formula (IA''') does not result in the expected decrease in melt strength due to degradation when polypropylene is present in the composition. See Inventive Examples 1 and 2 compared to Comparative Example 4. It is particularly surprising that stretchability increases significantly in the presence of both polypropylene and the compound of formula (IA'''). See Inventive Examples 1 and 2 compared to Comparative Examples 1-4. This is even more surprising because the presence of the compound of formula (IA''') would be expected to result in degradation of the polypropylene.

Claims

1. 1. A method for increasing the stretchability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene, comprising: mixing said polyethylene with 0.1 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the mixture, of polypropylene and a copolymer of formula (I) 【Chemistry 1】 [In the formula, R ａ represents acyl; R ｂ and R ｃ one of which is hydrogen, hydroxyl, or C １ ~C ６ alkyl, and the other represents C １ ~C ６ Alkyl, C １ ~C ６ Alkoxy, C ６ ~C １０ Aryloxy, —O—C(═O)—H, —O—C(═O)—C １ ~C １９ Alkyl, —O—C(═O)—C １ ~C ５４ Alkenyl, —O—C(═O)—C ６ ~C １０ Aryl, —O—C(═O)—C １ ~C ３６ Alkenyl-C ６ ~C １０ Aryl, —O—C(═O)—O—C １ ~C １９ Alkyl, —O—C(═O)—O—C ６ ~C １０ Aryl, —O—C(═O)—NH—C １ ~C ６ Alkyl, —O—C(═O)—NH—C ６ ~C １０ Aryl, and —O—C(═O)—N(C １ ~C ６ alkyl) ２ acyloxy selected from the group consisting of C １ ~C ６ Alkylamino, di-C １ ~C ６ Alkylamino, C ６ ~C １０ Arylamino, —NH—C(═O)—H, —NH—C(═O)—C １ ~C １９ Alkyl, —NH—C(═O)—C １ ~C ５４ Alkenyl, —NH—C(═O)—C ６ ~C １０ Aryl, —NH—C(═O)—C １ ~C ３６ Alkenyl-C ６ ~C １０ Aryl, —NH—C(═O)—O—C １ ~C １９ Alkyl, —NH—C(═O)—O—C ６ ~C １０ Aryl, —NH—C(═O)—NH—C １ ~C ６ Alkyl, —NH—C(═O)—NH—C ６ ~C １０ Aryl, and —NH—C(═O)—N(C １ ~C ６ alkyl) ２ acylamino selected from the group consisting of —N[—C(═O)—C １ ~C １９ alkyl] ２ and -N[-C(=O)-C ６ ~C １０ Aryl] ２ diacylamino, or N-acyl-N—C １ ~C ６ alkylamino; or R ｂ and R ｃ both represent hydrogen, hydroxyl, or the same or different substituents defined above; or R ｂ and R ｃ is the general formula 【Chemistry 2】 (In the formula, ( ＊ ) indicates the bond position, R' and R''' are C １ ~C ４ is alkyl, R'' and R'''' are C １ ~C ４ Alkylene-hydroxy, C ４ ~C ３２ acyloxy, or C ４ ~C ３２ Acyloxy-C １ ~C ４ alkylene); R １ ~R ４ are each independently of one another, C １ ~C ６ represents alkyl; R ５ and R ６ are each independently hydrogen, C １ ~C ６ alkyl, or C ６ ~C １０ represents aryl; or R ５ and R ６ Both represent oxygen. with at least one hydroxylamine ester of

2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein increasing the drawability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene comprises blending the polyethylene with 0.001 to 1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the blend, of at least one hydroxylamine ester of formula (I).

3. The hydroxylamine ester of formula (I) is a compound of formula (IA): 【Transformation 3】 [In the formula, R ａ represents acyl, and R １ ', R ２ ', and R ３ ALK is C ２ ~C １０ Alkylene or C １ ~C ４ Alkylene-hydroxy, C ４ ~C ３２ Acyloxy, and C ４ ~C ３２ Acyloxy-C １ ~C ４ C substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of alkylene ３ ~C １０ represents alkylene] 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sterically hindered amine derivative is selected from the group consisting of:

4. The hydroxylamine ester of formula (I) is represented by formula (IA'): 【Chemistry 4】 [In the formula, R １ ' and R ２ ' are, independently of each other, hydrogen or methyl; R ａ is C ２ ~C ８ represents acyl; R ａ ' is C ８ ~C ２２ represents acyl] 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sterically hindered amine derivative is selected from the group consisting of:

5. The hydroxylamine ester of formula (I) is represented by formula (IA″): 【Transformation 5】 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sterically hindered amine derivative is selected from the group consisting of:

6. The hydroxylamine ester of formula (I) is represented by formula (IA'''): 【Transformation 6】 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the compound is

7. 7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein increasing the drawability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of the polyethylene comprises mixing the polyethylene with polypropylene, 0.001 to 1 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture, of a compound selected from the group consisting of hydroxylamine esters selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA"), (IA'", or a mixture of two or more thereof.

8. 8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the mixing step comprises sequentially or simultaneously mixing the polypropylene and / or the hydroxylamine ester selected from the sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA"), or (IA'"), or a mixture of two or more thereof, with the polyethylene.

9. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the polyethylene is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), ultra-low molecular weight polyethylene (ULMWPE or PE-WAX), high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density cross-linked polyethylene (HDXLPE), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX or XLPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), or chlorinated polyethylene (CPE).

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the polyethylene is linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) or low density polyethylene (LDPE).

11. The polyethylene has a viscosity of 0.910 to 0.960 g / cm ３ The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the granules have a density of

12. The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the polyethylene is recycled.

13. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the polypropylene is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene homopolymers or polypropylene copolymers.

14. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8 and 13, wherein the polypropylene has a melt flow index of 0.5 g / 10 min or greater.

15. 15. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of polypropylene to the total amount of polyethylene is in the range of 0.5:99.5 to 10:

90.

16. 13. The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of hydroxylamine esters selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA"), (IA'"), or a mixture of two or more thereof to the total amount of polyethylene is in the range of 0.001:99.999 to 0.05:99.

95.

17. 17. The method of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the combining step further comprises adding an additive selected from light stabilizers, antioxidants, visbreaking agents other than the hydroxylamine esters of formula (I), metal deactivators, phosphites and phosphonites, nitrones, thiosynergists, peroxide scavengers, basic co-stabilizers, nucleating agents, fillers and reinforcing agents, benzofuranones, indolinones, slip agents, acid scavengers, antiblocking agents, antifogging agents, activators, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

18. 1. A polyethylene composition comprising: i. 80 to 99.8 wt. % polyethylene, based on the total weight of the composition; ii. A polyethylene composition comprising: 0.1 to 10 wt. % of polypropylene, based on the total weight of the composition; and 0.001 to 1 wt. % of a compound selected from hydroxylamine esters selected from sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA"), (IA"'), or (IA'"), or a mixture of two or more thereof, based on the total weight of the composition, or a combination thereof.

19. 19. The polyethylene composition of claim 18, further comprising an additive selected from light stabilizers, antioxidants, visbreaking agents other than the hydroxylamine esters of formula (I), metal deactivators, phosphites and phosphonites, nitrones, thiosynergists, peroxide scavengers, basic co-stabilizers, nucleating agents, fillers and reinforcing agents, benzofuranones, indolinones, slip agents, acid scavengers, antiblocking agents, antifogging agents, activators, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

20. Use of a hydroxylamine ester selected from polypropylene and / or sterically hindered amines of formula (I), (IA), (IA'), (IA"), (IA'") according to any one of claims 1 to 19, or a mixture of two or more thereof, for increasing the drawability and / or melt strength and / or melt elasticity of polyethylene.

21. 21. The use according to claim 20, wherein the polyethylene is a polyethylene film or fiber.

22. 20. An article comprising the polyethylene composition of claim 18 or 19.

23. 23. The article of claim 22, wherein the article is a polyethylene film or fiber.

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