Perovskite battery, its manufacturing method and electrical device

Abstract

The present invention provides a perovskite battery, its manufacturing method, and an electrical device, which belong to the battery technology field. The perovskite battery includes a plurality of battery units arranged along a first direction, each of which includes a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a first perovskite layer positioned between the first and second electrode layers, and a connection structure for connecting the first electrode layer of an adjacent first battery unit and the second electrode layer of an adjacent second battery unit among the plurality of battery units, with low-dimensional perovskite layers provided on both sides of the connection structure in areas facing the first perovskite layer. The technical solution of the present application contributes to improving the performance of perovskite batteries.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to perovskite batteries, their manufacturing methods and electrical devices. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, as global energy shortages and environmental pollution problems have become increasingly prominent, solar cells have increasingly been regarded as an ideal renewable energy source. Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that directly convert light energy into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect or photochemical effect. Perovskite cells are a new type of solar cell currently being widely researched, and within just a few years of their introduction, they have rapidly achieved high photoelectric conversion efficiency and have great applicability.

[0003] However, the perovskite layer in perovskite batteries is unstable and prone to decomposition and reaction with metals, which is detrimental to improving the performance of perovskite batteries. Therefore, how to improve the performance of perovskite batteries has become a technical challenge that needs to be solved as soon as possible. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The present application has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to provide a perovskite battery, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electrical device in order to improve the efficiency of the perovskite battery and extend its lifespan. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a perovskite battery comprising: a plurality of battery units arranged along a first direction, each battery unit including a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a first perovskite layer located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; and a connection structure for connecting the first electrode layer of a first battery unit and the second electrode layer of a second battery unit adjacent to each other among the plurality of battery units, wherein low-dimensional perovskite layers are provided in regions facing the first perovskite layer on both sides of the connection structure.

[0006] An embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite battery including a plurality of battery units arranged along a first direction and a connection structure. The battery units include a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a first perovskite layer located between the first and second electrode layers, arranged along a second direction. Thus, the battery units can output power through the first and second electrode layers and absorb solar light through the first perovskite layer. The connection structure is used to connect the first electrode layer of an adjacent first battery unit and the second electrode layer of an adjacent second battery unit among the plurality of battery units, thereby achieving electrical connection between the adjacent first and second battery units. Low-dimensional perovskite layers are provided on both sides of the connection structure in regions facing the first perovskite layer. The halogens in the low-dimensional perovskite layer are less likely to migrate and react with the connecting structure, reducing corrosion of the connecting structure due to reaction between the low-dimensional perovskite layer and the connecting structure, which can contribute to reducing reduction in efficiency of the perovskite battery due to corrosion of the connecting structure. Furthermore, because the first perovskite layer does not contact the connecting structure, decomposition of the first perovskite layer at the position corresponding to the connecting structure is reduced, contributing to extending the life of the perovskite battery. Meanwhile, the low electron mobility and hole mobility in the low-dimensional perovskite layer reduce leakage current and carrier combination at the contact portion between the connecting structure and the low-dimensional perovskite layer, which can contribute to improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can improve the performance of perovskite batteries.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the structural formula of the low-dimensional perovskite layer is (NH 3+ -R-NH 3+ )A n-1 B n X 3n+1 or (R-NH 3+ )2A n-1 B n X 3n+1 (n≦5), R includes at least one of phenyl, aryl, alkyl, and piperidine derivatives, A includes at least one of Cs, FA, MA, Rb, and K, and B includes Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ and X is F. - , Cl - , Br - , I - By setting n to 5 or less, the efficiency of the perovskite battery can be improved, extending its lifespan, and low-dimensional perovskite layers can be easily fabricated.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the perovskite battery further includes a first isolation structure that is used to isolate the second electrode layer of the first battery unit from the second electrode layer of the second battery unit and is spaced apart from the connecting structure. In this way, the first isolation structure achieves isolation between the second electrode layers of adjacent battery units, and the first isolation structure and the connecting structure are spaced apart, which reduces process complexity and contributes to reducing manufacturing costs.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the battery unit includes the first electrode layer, the first charge transport layer, the first perovskite layer, the second charge transport layer, and the second electrode layer, which are sequentially disposed on a substrate, and thus the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer can realize carrier transport in the perovskite battery.

[0010] In one possible embodiment, the first isolation structure is an insulating structure extending from a first surface of the second electrode layer to at least the first charge transport layer, the first surface of the second electrode layer being a surface of the second electrode layer away from the first electrode layer, and the low-dimensional perovskite layer is provided on both sides of the first isolation structure in a region facing the first perovskite layer along the first direction. The low-dimensional perovskite layer has higher water corrosion resistance and oxygen corrosion resistance capabilities, and providing the low-dimensional perovskite layer on both sides of the first isolation structure in a region facing the first perovskite layer can prevent the region of the first perovskite layer corresponding to the first isolation structure from being exposed, reducing corrosion of the first perovskite layer by water and oxygen and contributing to extending the lifespan and improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the distance between the first isolation structure and the connecting structure along the first direction is 5 μm to 25 μm, thus achieving a balance between manufacturing costs and the energy density of the perovskite battery.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the connection structure is a conductive structure extending from the second surface of the second electrode layer to the first electrode layer, and the second surface of the second electrode layer is a surface of the second electrode layer closer to the first electrode layer, which makes the connection structure easier to manufacture, reduces process complexity, and contributes to reducing manufacturing costs.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the battery unit further includes a light absorbing layer located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. In this way, in the perovskite battery, another light absorbing layer is further provided in addition to the first perovskite layer, contributing to further improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the light absorbing layer includes a second perovskite layer, and the battery unit further includes a third electrode layer, a third charge transport layer, the second perovskite layer, and a fourth charge transport layer, which are located between the second charge transport layer and the second electrode layer and are provided in that order, and the low-dimensional perovskite layers are provided in regions facing the second perovskite layer on both sides of the connection structure. In this way, the perovskite battery has a stacked structure, which can have higher efficiency, and the provision of the low-dimensional perovskite layer further improves the efficiency of the perovskite battery and contributes to extending its lifespan.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the low-dimensional perovskite layer is provided in the region facing the second perovskite layer on both sides of the first isolation structure, thus preventing the region of the second perovskite layer corresponding to the first isolation structure from being exposed, reducing corrosion of the second perovskite layer by water and oxygen and contributing to extending the life of the perovskite battery.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the band gap of the first perovskite layer is larger than the band gap of the second perovskite layer, which contributes to improving the absorption efficiency of solar light and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the light absorbing layer includes a copper indium gallium selenium layer, and the battery unit further includes a fifth charge transport layer located between the first electrode layer and the second charge transport layer and arranged in that order, the copper indium gallium selenium layer, a sixth charge transport layer, and a fourth electrode layer. Thus, in perovskite cells including other types of light absorbing layers, the addition of a low-dimensional perovskite layer can improve the efficiency and extend the lifespan of the perovskite cell.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the thickness of the low-dimensional perovskite layer is 1 nm to 100 nm, and optionally 1 nm to 4 nm, thus achieving a balance between the protection effect of the low-dimensional perovskite layer on the first perovskite layer and the connecting structure, the efficiency of the perovskite cell, and the manufacturing cost.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the low-dimensional perovskite layer is a one-dimensional perovskite layer, thus achieving higher cell efficiency and longer lifespan.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the second electrode layer and the connecting structure are an integrally molded structure, which allows the second electrode layer and the connecting structure to be manufactured in a single process step, thereby contributing to reducing manufacturing costs.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the material of the first electrode layer includes at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tungsten oxide, gallium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, and fluorine-doped tin oxide, thereby ensuring that the first electrode layer has good optical transparency and electrical conductivity.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the material of the second electrode layer includes at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tungsten oxide, gallium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, Mo, W, and alloys thereof, and a carbon material, and optionally the carbon material includes at least one of carbon black, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, thereby ensuring good electrical conductivity of the second electrode layer.

[0023] In one possible embodiment, the thickness of the first electrode layer is 300 nm to 800 nm, the thickness of the second electrode layer is 10 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness of the first perovskite layer is 300 nm to 800 nm, or optionally, the thickness of the first electrode layer is 400 nm to 600 nm, the thickness of the second electrode layer is 80 nm to 120 nm, and the thickness of the first perovskite layer is 400 nm to 600 nm. In this way, the efficiency and energy density of the perovskite battery can be balanced.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the structural formula of the first perovskite layer is ABX3, wherein the ionic radius of A is 0.076 nm to 0.315 nm, the ionic radius of B is 0.06 nm to 0.15 nm, and the ionic radius of X is 0.1 nm to 0.2 nm; optionally, A includes at least one of an organic amine cation, Cs, K, Rb, or Li; B includes at least one of lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and europium; and X includes at least one of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; optionally, the organic amine cation includes at least one of a methylamine ion and a formamidine ion. Thus, the perovskite in the first perovskite layer has a three-dimensional structure, which contributes to ensuring the efficiency of the perovskite battery.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer and the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, or the first charge transport layer is an electron transport layer and the second charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, which makes it easier to flexibly provide the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer according to actual needs.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the material of the hole transport layer includes a P-type semiconductor, the material of the electron transport layer includes an N-type semiconductor, and optionally the material of the hole transport layer includes at least one of thiophene, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyaniline)-9,9′-spirobifluorene, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, tin oxide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, copper sulfide, tin sulfide, copper(I) thiocyanate, copper iodide, fluoro-containing phosphonic acid, carbonyl-containing phosphonic acid, carbon nanotube, and graphene, and optionally the material of the electron transport layer includes [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -Methyl isobutyrate, C 60 The charge transport layer may include at least one of cyano-containing polyphenylacetylene, boron-containing polymer, bathocuproine, bathophenanthroline, hydroxyquinoline aluminum, oxadiazole compound, benzimidazole compound, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid compound, perylene derivative, phosphine oxide compound, phosphine sulfide compound, fluoro-containing phthalocyanine, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, gallium oxide, tin sulfide, indium sulfide, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, and zinc sulfide. This allows for flexible selection of materials for the first and second charge transport layers according to actual needs.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the thickness of the first charge transport layer is 10 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness of the second charge transport layer is 10 nm to 200 nm, thus contributing to ensuring the efficiency of the perovskite battery.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the material of the substrate includes at least one of glass and transparent flexible polymer, and optionally the transparent flexible polymer includes at least one of polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide, thereby facilitating flexible selection of the substrate material according to actual needs.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present application provides an electrical device comprising a perovskite cell according to the first aspect and any one of its possible realizations, wherein the perovskite cell is used to power the electrical device.

[0030] In a third aspect, the present application provides a method for manufacturing a perovskite battery, the method comprising the steps of: providing a plurality of battery units arranged along a first direction, each battery unit including a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a first perovskite layer positioned between the first and second electrode layers; and providing a connection structure for connecting the first electrode layer of a first battery unit and the second electrode layer of a second battery unit adjacent to each other among the plurality of battery units, wherein low-dimensional perovskite layers are provided on both sides of the connection structure in regions facing the first perovskite layer. The perovskite battery manufactured by this method has high efficiency and a long lifespan.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the step of providing a plurality of battery units arranged along a first direction includes the steps of providing a substrate on which the first electrode layer is provided, sequentially depositing a first charge transport layer, a first perovskite layer, and a second charge transport layer on the first electrode layer, and depositing the second electrode layer on the second charge transport layer, and the step of providing a connection structure includes the steps of etching the second charge transport layer along the second direction to expose the first electrode layer and form a first groove, and coating two opposing surfaces of the first groove in the first direction with a solution containing low-dimensional perovskite cations to produce the low-dimensional perovskite layer between the connection structure and the first perovskite layer. This method makes it easy to produce the low-dimensional perovskite layer and contributes to reducing process complexity.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the method further includes providing a first isolation structure, the low-dimensional perovskite layer being provided on both sides of the first isolation structure in regions facing the first perovskite layer, and the step of providing a first isolation structure includes etching the second electrode layer along the second direction to expose the first electrode layer and form second grooves, and coating two opposing surfaces of the second grooves in the first direction with a solution containing low-dimensional perovskite cations to produce the low-dimensional perovskite layer between the first isolation structure and the first perovskite layer. Perovskite batteries produced by this method have higher efficiency and longer life.

[0033] An embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite battery including a plurality of battery units arranged along a first direction and a connection structure. The battery units include a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a first perovskite layer located between the first and second electrode layers, arranged along a second direction. Thus, the battery units can output power through the first and second electrode layers and absorb solar light through the first perovskite layer. The connection structure is used to connect the first electrode layer of an adjacent first battery unit and the second electrode layer of an adjacent second battery unit among the plurality of battery units, thereby achieving electrical connection between the adjacent first and second battery units. Low-dimensional perovskite layers are provided on both sides of the connection structure along the first direction in regions facing the first perovskite layer. The halogens in the low-dimensional perovskite layer are less likely to migrate and react with the connecting structure, which reduces corrosion of the connecting structure due to reaction between the low-dimensional perovskite layer and the connecting structure, contributing to reducing reduction in efficiency of the perovskite battery due to corrosion of the connecting structure. Furthermore, because the first perovskite layer does not contact the connecting structure, decomposition of the first perovskite layer at the position corresponding to the connecting structure is reduced, contributing to extending the life of the perovskite battery. Meanwhile, the low electron mobility and hole mobility in the low-dimensional perovskite layer reduce leakage current and carrier recombination at the contact portion between the connecting structure and the low-dimensional perovskite layer, thereby improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can improve the performance of perovskite batteries. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0034] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery unit of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrical device according to one embodiment of the present application; [Figure 8] 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0035] Hereinafter, with appropriate reference to the drawings, embodiments specifically disclosing the perovskite battery, its manufacturing method, and electrical device of the present application will be described in detail. However, unnecessary details may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters and redundant descriptions of substantially the same structures may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessary redundancy in the following description and to ensure that those skilled in the art can easily understand it. Furthermore, the drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0036] The "ranges" disclosed herein are defined in the form of lower and upper limits. A given range is defined by selecting one lower limit and one upper limit, and the selected lower and upper limits define the boundaries of the given range. Such defined ranges may be inclusive or exclusive of the endpoints and may be arbitrarily combined; i.e., any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form a single range. For example, if ranges of 60 to 120 and 80 to 110 are recited for a given parameter, it is understood that ranges of 60 to 110 and 80 to 120 are also contemplated. Furthermore, if 1 and 2 are recited as minimum range values ​​and 3, 4, and 5 are recited as maximum range values, then the ranges of 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4, and 2 to 5 are all contemplated. Unless otherwise specified herein, a numerical range "a to b" represents a shorthand notation for any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0 to 5" means that all real numbers between "0 and 5" are listed herein, and "0 to 5" is simply shorthand for combinations of these numbers. Note that describing a parameter as an integer ≧2 is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, the integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0037] Unless otherwise stated, all embodiments and alternative embodiments in the present application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions.

[0038] Unless otherwise stated, all technical features and optional technical features of the present application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, all steps herein may be performed in sequence or randomly, preferably in sequence. For example, when the method includes steps (a) and (b), it means that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed in sequence, or may include steps (b) and (a) performed in sequence. For example, when it is stated that the method can further include step (c), it means that step (c) can be added to the method in any order; for example, the method may include steps (a), (b), and (c), or may include steps (a), (c), and (b), or may include steps (c), (a), and (b), etc.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "comprise" and "comprises" used herein may be open-ended or closed-ended. For example, the terms "comprise" and "comprises" may indicate that the compound may further include or include other components not listed, or may include or include only the listed components.

[0041] Unless otherwise stated, the term "or" in this application is inclusive. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B." More specifically, any one of the following conditions satisfies the condition "A or B": A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or A and B are both true (or exist).

[0042] Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that directly convert light energy into electrical energy through the photoelectric or photochemical effect. Perovskite cells are a new type of solar cell currently being widely studied, and within the past few years have rapidly achieved high photoelectric conversion efficiency and have high applicability. Perovskite cells include multiple cell units and a connection structure, and the connection structure connects the first and second electrode layers of adjacent cell units to achieve electrical connection between the adjacent cell units.

[0043] The connecting structure is usually made of a metal material, and when the metal connecting structure comes into contact with and reacts with the perovskite layer in the perovskite battery, the connecting structure is corroded. The corrosion of the connecting structure increases the internal resistance of the perovskite battery, which is detrimental to improving the battery efficiency, and also decomposes the perovskite layer, shortening the lifespan of the perovskite battery.

[0044] In view of this, the present application provides a perovskite battery, in which a low-dimensional perovskite layer is provided between a perovskite layer and a connecting structure, which contributes to reducing the risk of corrosion of the connecting structure and decomposition of the perovskite layer, and contributes to improving the performance of the perovskite battery.

[0045] 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1, the perovskite battery 1 includes a plurality of battery units 20 arranged along a first direction and a connection structure 31.

[0046] The first direction is the arrangement direction of the plurality of battery units 20, for example, the x direction in FIG.

[0047] The battery unit 20 includes a first electrode layer 51, a second electrode layer 52 arranged along a second direction, and a first perovskite layer 53 located between the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52. Optionally, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, for example, the z direction in FIG.

[0048] The first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52 are used to output power from the perovskite battery 1. The materials of the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52 can be set according to actual needs as long as they can realize power output.

[0049] The first perovskite layer 53 is a light absorbing layer, and when sunlight is irradiated onto the first perovskite layer 53, electron-hole pairs can be generated.

[0050] The connection structure 31 is used to connect the first electrode layer 51 of a first battery unit 21 and the second electrode layer 52 of a second battery unit 22 that are adjacent to each other among the plurality of battery units 20. That is, the plurality of battery units 20 includes adjacent first battery units 21 and second battery units 22, and the first electrode layer 51 of the first battery unit 21 and the second electrode layer 52 of the second battery unit 22 are connected by the connection structure 31. The connection structure 31 is a conductive structure, and the series connection of adjacent battery units 20 is realized by the connection structure 31.

[0051] Optionally, the connecting structure 31 and the second conductive layer 52 are made of the same material, for example, the connecting structure 31 and the second conductive layer 52 are both made of a metal material.

[0052] A low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is provided in the region facing the first perovskite layer 53 on both sides of the connection structure 31 .

[0053] Alternatively, if the first perovskite layer 53 is provided on only one side of the connection structure 31 along the first direction, the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 can be provided only in the area facing the first perovskite layer 53 on this side.

[0054] The first perovskite layer 53 and the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 have different structures. The first perovskite layer 53 is a perovskite layer made of a three-dimensional perovskite, and the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is a perovskite layer made of a non-three-dimensional perovskite. For example, the perovskite in the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 has a quasi-two-dimensional structure, a two-dimensional structure, a one-dimensional structure, or a zero-dimensional structure. The dimensionality of the perovskite in the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 can be determined by an X-ray diffraction device.

[0055] The low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is more stable than the first perovskite layer 53. The halogens in the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 are less likely to move, and therefore less likely to react with the connection structure 31. Providing the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 in regions facing the first perovskite layer 53 on both sides of the connection structure 31 in the first direction reduces corrosion of the connection structure 31, contributing to reducing an increase in the internal resistance of the perovskite battery 1 due to corrosion of the connection structure 31 and improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1. Furthermore, because the first perovskite layer 53 does not come into contact with the connection structure 31, decomposition of the first perovskite layer 53 is reduced, contributing to extending the life of the perovskite battery 1.

[0056] The electron mobility and hole mobility in the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 are both lower than those in the first perovskite layer 53. The provision of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 reduces leakage current and carrier recombination at the contact portion between the connection structure 31 and the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54, thereby contributing to improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0057] An embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite battery 1 including a plurality of battery units 20 arranged along a first direction and a connection structure 31. The battery unit 20 includes a first electrode layer 51, a second electrode layer 52 arranged along a second direction, and a first perovskite layer 53 located between the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52. Thus, the battery unit 20 can output power through the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52, and can absorb solar light through the first perovskite layer 53. The connection structure 31 is used to connect the first electrode layer 51 of a first battery unit 21 and the second electrode layer 52 of a second battery unit 22 that are adjacent to each other among the plurality of battery units 20, thereby enabling electrical connection between the adjacent first battery unit 21 and second battery unit 22. Along the first direction, low-dimensional perovskite layers 54 are provided in regions facing the first perovskite layer 53 on both sides of the connection structure 31. The halogen in the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is less likely to migrate and less likely to react with the connection structure 31, reducing corrosion of the connection structure 31 due to the reaction between the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 and the connection structure 31 and contributing to reducing a decrease in the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1 due to corrosion of the connection structure 31. Furthermore, because the first perovskite layer 53 does not contact the connection structure 31, decomposition of the first perovskite layer 53 at a position corresponding to the connection structure 31 is reduced, contributing to extending the life of the perovskite battery 1. Meanwhile, the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 has low electron and hole mobilities, reducing leakage current and carrier recombination at the contact portion between the connection structure 31 and the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 and improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can improve the performance of the perovskite battery 1.

[0058] In some embodiments, the structural formula of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is (NH 3+ -R-NH 3+ )A n-1 B n X 3n+1 or (R-NH 3+ )2A n-1 B n X 3n+1(n≦5), where n is a positive integer, for example, n is 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1.

[0059] Alternatively, the value of n can be determined by X-ray diffractometry or transmission electron microscopy.

[0060] In accordance with the structure of the low-dimensional perovskite, n can represent the number of inorganic layers between adjacent organic layers in the low-dimensional perovskite. R includes at least one of phenyl, aryl, alkyl, and piperidine derivatives.

[0061] A includes at least one of Cs, FA, MA, Rb, and K, and B includes Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ and X is F. - , Cl - , Br - , I - It includes at least one of the following:

[0062] If n is greater than 5, the difficulty of manufacturing the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 increases, which is disadvantageous to the manufacturing of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 and reduction of manufacturing costs.

[0063] Setting n to 5 or less facilitates the production of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54, while at the same time providing the perovskite battery 1 with high efficiency and long life. For example, the efficiency of the perovskite battery can be increased to 15.7% or more, and the efficiency retention rate after 1000 hours of storage can approach or exceed 80%.

[0064] In some embodiments, the perovskite battery 1 further includes a first isolation structure 32, which is used to isolate the second electrode layer 52 of the first battery unit 21 from the second electrode layer 52 of the second battery unit 22, and the first isolation structure 32 is spaced apart from the connection structure 31.

[0065] In this embodiment, the first isolation structure 32 realizes isolation between the second electrode layers 52 of adjacent battery units 20, and the first isolation structure 32 and the connection structure 31 are spaced apart, which contributes to reducing process complexity and manufacturing costs.

[0066] In some embodiments, the battery unit 20 includes a first electrode layer 51, a first charge transport layer 61, a first perovskite layer 53, a second charge transport layer 62, and a second electrode layer 52, which are sequentially disposed on a substrate 50.

[0067] The first charge transport layer 61 and the second charge transport layer 62 are used to transport carriers, for example, electrons or holes.

[0068] In this embodiment, the transport of carriers in the perovskite battery 1 can be realized by providing the first charge transport layer 61 and the second charge transport layer 62.

[0069] In some embodiments, the first isolation structure 32 is an insulating structure extending from the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 to at least the second charge transport layer 62, and the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 is the surface of the second electrode layer 52 away from the first electrode layer 51.

[0070] Optionally, along the second direction, the first isolation structures 32 extend from the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 to a surface of the first charge transport layer 61 that is remote from the second electrode layer 52. Optionally, along the second direction, the first isolation structures 32 extend from the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 to a surface of the first charge transport layer 61 that is close to the second electrode layer 52.

[0071] Optionally, the first isolation structures 32 are grooves that penetrate along the second direction from the first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 to a surface of the first charge transport layer 61 that is remote from the second electrode layer 52. Optionally, an insulating material is filled in the grooves to form insulating walls that function as the first isolation structures 32.

[0072] Along the second direction, the second electrode layer 52 includes two opposing surfaces: a first surface 521 of the second electrode layer 52 is away from the first electrode layer 51 relative to a second surface 522 of the second electrode layer 52.

[0073] 2 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2, low-dimensional perovskite layers 54 are provided on both sides of the first isolation structure 32 in regions facing the first perovskite layer 53 along the first direction.

[0074] The low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 has higher water corrosion resistance and oxygen corrosion resistance. By providing the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 in the areas facing the first perovskite layer 53 on both sides of the first isolation structure 32, the area of ​​the first perovskite layer 53 corresponding to the first isolation structure 32 can be prevented from being exposed, reducing corrosion of the first perovskite layer 53 by water and oxygen, and contributing to extending the lifespan and improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0075] In some embodiments, the distance k1 between the first isolating structure 32 and the connecting structure 31 along the first direction is between 5 μm and 25 μm, for example, 5 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm.

[0076] The distance k1 between the connecting structure 31 and the first isolating structure 32 is the minimum distance between them, and this distance can be measured by an optical microscope.

[0077] If k1 is less than 5 μm, the distance between the first isolation structure 32 and the connecting structure 31 along the first direction is too small, which increases the process difficulty and is detrimental to the manufacture of the first isolation structure 32 and the reduction of the manufacturing cost.

[0078] If k1 is greater than 25 μm, the distance between the first isolating structure 32 and the connecting structure 31 along the first direction is too large, which is detrimental to improving the energy density of the perovskite battery 1 and also detrimental to saving manufacturing materials.

[0079] In this example, k1 is 5 μm to 25 μm, and thus a balance can be achieved between the manufacturing cost and the energy density of the perovskite battery 1.

[0080] In some embodiments, the connection structure 31 is a conductive structure extending along the second direction from the second surface 522 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first electrode layer 51, and the second surface 522 of the second electrode layer 52 is the surface of the second electrode layer 52 that is closer to the first electrode layer 51.

[0081] For example, the connection structure 31 may be a conductive structure formed by filling a groove extending from the second surface 522 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first electrode layer 51. The material of the connection structure 31 and the material of the second electrode layer 52 are the same, that is, the connection structure 31 and the second electrode layer 52 are formed in a single deposition step.

[0082] Optionally, the connection structure 31 extends along the second direction from the second surface 522 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51, and the first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51 is the surface of the first electrode layer 51 that is closer to the second electrode layer 52.

[0083] Optionally, the connection structure 31 extends along the second direction from the second surface 522 of the second electrode layer 52 to the second surface 512 of the first electrode layer 51, and the second surface 512 of the first electrode layer 51 is the surface of the first electrode layer 51 away from the second electrode layer 52.

[0084] In this embodiment, the connecting structure 31 is a conductive structure extending along the second direction from the second surface 522 of the second electrode layer 52 to the first electrode layer 51. In this way, the connecting structure 31 is easy to manufacture, which contributes to reducing the process complexity and manufacturing costs.

[0085] Optionally, the perovskite battery 1 further includes a second isolation structure 33. The second isolation structure 33 is used to isolate the first electrode layer 51 of an adjacent first battery unit 21 from the first electrode layer 51 of an adjacent second battery unit 22. In the embodiments of the present application, the dimension of the second isolation structure 33 along the second direction and the shape of the second isolation structure 33 are not specifically limited as long as they can isolate the first electrode layers 51 of adjacent battery units 20.

[0086] For example, the second isolation structure 33 is a groove that penetrates the first electrode layer 51, i.e., the second isolation structure 33 extends from the first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51 to the second surface 512 of the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction. Alternatively, for example, the second isolation structure 33 penetrates the first electrode layer 51 and the substrate 50 along the second direction. Alternatively, for example, the second isolation structure 33 penetrates the first charge transport layer 61 and the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction. Alternatively, for example, the second isolation structure 33 is an insulating wall that extends from the first surface 511 of the first electrode layer 51 to the second surface 512 of the first electrode layer 51 along the second direction, and the insulating wall is made of an insulating material.

[0087] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application, and Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 to 5, the battery unit 20 further includes a light absorbing layer 59 located between the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52.

[0088] That is, the perovskite battery 1 includes the first perovskite layer 53 and the light absorbing layer 59 other than the first perovskite layer 53. In this way, this contributes to improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0089] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3 , the light absorbing layer 59 includes a second perovskite layer 56, and the battery cell 20 further includes a third electrode layer 55, a third charge transport layer 63, the second perovskite layer 56, and a fourth charge transport layer 64 located in that order between the second charge transport layer 62 and the second electrode layer 52, and low-dimensional perovskite layers 54 are provided in regions facing the second perovskite layer 56 on both sides of the connection structure 31.

[0090] The battery unit 20 shown in Fig. 3 may be referred to as a stacked-structure battery unit 20. The battery unit 20 shown in Fig. 3 includes two sub-batteries, one of which includes a structure of electrode layer-charge transport layer-perovskite layer-charge transport layer-electrode layer. Optionally, the battery unit 20 may further include two or more sub-batteries, for example, three, four, or more sub-batteries.

[0091] In this embodiment, the perovskite battery 1 has a layered structure, which allows it to have higher efficiency, and the provision of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 further improves the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1 and contributes to extending its lifespan.

[0092] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 4, the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is provided in the region facing the second perovskite layer 56 on both sides of the first isolation structure 32 along the first direction. In this way, it is possible to prevent the region of the second perovskite layer 56 corresponding to the first isolation structure 32 from being exposed, which can reduce corrosion of the second perovskite layer 56 by water and oxygen and contribute to extending the lifespan and improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0093] In some embodiments, the bandgap of the first perovskite layer 53 is larger than the bandgap of the second perovskite layer 56. This contributes to improving the absorption efficiency of sunlight and to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0094] The band gap can be measured by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy.

[0095] Optionally, the bandgap of the first perovskite layer 53 is between 1.7 eV and 1.9 eV, and the bandgap of the second perovskite layer 56 is between 0.8 eV and 1.2 eV.

[0096] Optionally, the material of the first perovskite layer 53 is Cs 0.35 FA 0.65 PbI 1.8 Br 1.2 and the material of the second perovskite layer 56 is FA 0.7 MA 0.3 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5 It is I3.

[0097] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5 , the light absorbing layer 59 includes a copper indium gallium selenium layer 58, and the battery unit 20 further includes a fifth charge transport layer 65, a copper indium gallium selenium layer 58, a sixth charge transport layer 66, and a fourth electrode layer 57, which are located between the first electrode layer 51 and the second charge transport layer 62 and arranged in that order.

[0098] The perovskite battery 1 shown in FIG. 5 includes a copper indium gallium selenide layer 58 and a first perovskite layer 53, and the perovskite battery 1 has a stacked structure and has high efficiency.

[0099] This embodiment provides a perovskite cell 1 including other types of light absorbing layers, which has a stacked structure and can have higher efficiency. Furthermore, the provision of a low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 can further improve the efficiency and extend the lifespan of the perovskite cell 1.

[0100] In some embodiments, the thickness d1 of the low dimensional perovskite layer 54 is between 1 nm and 100 nm, and optionally between 1 nm and 4 nm, for example, the thickness d1 of the low dimensional perovskite layer 54 is 1 nm, 4 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 35 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, 70 nm, 100 nm.

[0101] The thickness d1 of the low dimensional perovskite layer 54 may be the maximum thickness of the low dimensional perovskite layer 54.

[0102] If the thickness d1 of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is less than 1 nm, the protective effect on the first perovskite layer 53 and the connecting structure 31 is weak; if the thickness d1 of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is too small, it is difficult to manufacture, which is disadvantageous for manufacturing the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 and reducing manufacturing costs.

[0103] If the thickness d1 of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is greater than 100 nm, the effect of improving the efficiency of the perovskite cell 1 is low.

[0104] The thickness d1 of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 can be measured by a scanning tunneling electron microscope.

[0105] Optionally, the dimensions of the first perovskite layer 53 and the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 along the first direction are the same as the dimensions of the first charge transport layer 61 and the second charge transport layer 62. That is, the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 does not protrude from the first charge transport layer 61 and the second charge transport layer 62 along the first direction. If the thickness d1 of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is too large, the proportion occupied by the first perovskite layer 53 will be small, which is detrimental to improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0106] Optionally, the thickness d1 of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is 1 nm to 4 nm, and excellent cell efficiency and lifespan can be achieved with a small low-dimensional perovskite layer thickness.

[0107] Alternatively, the thickness d1 of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is between 20 nm and 50 nm, and thus the efficiency of the perovskite cell can approach or exceed 16%, and the efficiency retention rate after 1000 h storage can approach or exceed 90%.

[0108] Optionally, the thickness of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 on either side of the connecting structure 31 may be different from the thickness of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 on either side of the first isolating structure 32 .

[0109] In this embodiment, the thickness d1 of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is 1 nm to 100 nm. In this way, it is possible to balance the protective effect of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 on the first perovskite layer 53 and the connecting structure 31 with the efficiency and manufacturing costs of the perovskite battery 1.

[0110] In some embodiments, the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is a one-dimensional perovskite layer. This allows for higher cell efficiency and longer life. For example, the efficiency of the perovskite cell 1 can reach 17.1%, and the efficiency retention rate after 1000 hours of storage can reach 94%.

[0111] In some embodiments, the second electrode layer 52 and the connecting structure 31 are an integrally formed structure, that is, the second electrode layer 52 and the connecting structure 31 are formed in a single process step. In this way, the manufacturing of the second electrode layer 52 and the connecting structure 31 can be achieved in a single process step, which can contribute to reducing manufacturing costs.

[0112] Optionally, the connection structure 31 and the second electrode layer 52 are formed in a single deposition step.

[0113] Optionally, the first electrode layer 51 is a transparent conductive oxide.

[0114] In some embodiments, the material of the first electrode layer 51 includes at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium tungsten oxide (IWO), gallium zinc oxide (GZO), zinc aluminum oxide (AZO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide, thereby ensuring that the first electrode layer 51 has good optical transparency and electrical conductivity.

[0115] In some embodiments, the material of the second electrode layer 52 includes at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tungsten oxide, gallium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, Mo, W, and alloys thereof, and a carbon material, and optionally the carbon material includes at least one of carbon black, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. In this way, it is possible to ensure that the second electrode layer 52 has good electrical conductivity.

[0116] 6 is a schematic diagram of a battery unit of a perovskite battery according to one embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, the thickness d2 of the first electrode layer 51 is 300 nm to 800 nm, the thickness d3 of the second electrode layer 52 is 10 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness d4 of the first perovskite layer 53 is 300 nm to 800 nm.

[0117] The thickness d2 of the first electrode layer 51, the thickness d3 of the second electrode layer 52, and the thickness d4 of the first perovskite layer 53 may be the maximum thickness of the first electrode layer 51, the second electrode layer 52, and the first perovskite layer 53, respectively, and these thicknesses can be measured using a step gauge.

[0118] If the thickness d2 of the first electrode layer 51 is greater than 800 nm, the transmittance of the first electrode layer will decrease, which is detrimental to improving the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1. If the thickness d2 of the first electrode layer 51 is less than 300 nm, the conductivity of the first electrode layer will be low, making it difficult to ensure the lifespan and efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0119] If the thickness d3 of the second electrode layer 52 is greater than 200 nm, the perovskite battery 1 will occupy a large space, which is detrimental to improving the energy density of the perovskite battery 1. If the thickness d3 of the second electrode layer 52 is less than 10 nm, it will be difficult to ensure the lifespan and efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0120] If the thickness d4 of the first perovskite layer 53 is greater than 800 nm, the perovskite cell 1 will occupy a large space, which is disadvantageous for improving the energy density of the perovskite cell 1. If the thickness d4 of the first perovskite layer 53 is less than 300 nm, the first perovskite layer 53 will be too thin to completely absorb incident light, which is disadvantageous for improving cell efficiency.

[0121] In this embodiment, by rationally setting the thickness d2 of the first electrode layer 51, the thickness d3 of the second electrode layer 52, and the thickness d4 of the first perovskite layer 53, it is possible to achieve a balance between the efficiency and energy density of the perovskite battery 1.

[0122] Optionally, the thickness d2 of the first electrode layer 51 is 400 nm to 600 nm, the thickness d3 of the second electrode layer 52 is 80 nm to 120 nm, and the thickness d4 of the first perovskite layer 53 is 400 nm to 600 nm, which further contributes to balancing the efficiency and energy density of the perovskite battery 1.

[0123] In some embodiments, the first perovskite layer has a structural formula of ABX3, wherein A has an ionic radius of 0.076 nm to 0.315 nm, B has an ionic radius of 0.06 nm to 0.15 nm, and X has an ionic radius of 0.1 nm to 0.2 nm; optionally, A comprises at least one of an organic amine cation, Cs, K, Rb, or Li; B comprises at least one of lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and europium; and X comprises at least one of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; and optionally, the organic amine cation comprises at least one of a methylamine ion and a formamidine ion.

[0124] The first perovskite layer 53 is made of a perovskite, that is to say, the structural formula of the first perovskite layer 53 is the structural formula of the perovskite from which the first perovskite layer 53 is made.

[0125] In this embodiment, by selecting the perovskite of the above structural formula as the material of the first perovskite layer 53, the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1 can be guaranteed.

[0126] In some embodiments, the first charge transport layer 61 is a hole transport layer and the second charge transport layer 62 is an electron transport layer, or the first charge transport layer 61 is an electron transport layer and the second charge transport layer 62 is a hole transport layer, which makes it easier to flexibly provide the first charge transport layer 61 and the second charge transport layer 62 according to actual needs.

[0127] The battery unit 20 may be a formal structure or a transformer structure.

[0128] 4 and 5, when the battery unit 20 has a formal structure, the first charge transport layer 61 is a hole transport layer, the second charge transport layer 62 is an electron transport layer, the third charge transport layer 63 is a hole transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer 64 is an electron transport layer. When the battery unit 20 has a transformer structure, the first charge transport layer 61 is an electron transport layer, the second charge transport layer 62 is a hole transport layer, the third charge transport layer 63 is an electron transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer 64 is a hole transport layer.

[0129] In some embodiments, the material of the hole transport layer comprises a P-type semiconductor and the material of the electron transport layer comprises an N-type semiconductor; optionally, the material of the hole transport layer comprises at least one of thiophene, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyaniline)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, tin oxide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, copper sulfide, tin sulfide, copper(I) thiocyanate, copper iodide, fluoro-containing phosphonic acid, carbonyl-containing phosphonic acid, carbon nanotube, and graphene; optionally, the material of the electron transport layer comprises [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -Methyl isobutyrate, C 60 The materials for the first charge transport layer 61 and the second charge transport layer 62 may include at least one of the following: cyano-containing polyphenylacetylene, boron-containing polymer, bathocuproine, bathophenanthroline, hydroxyquinoline aluminum, oxadiazole compound, benzimidazole compound, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid compound, perylene derivative, phosphine oxide compound, phosphine sulfide compound, fluoro-containing phthalocyanine, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, gallium oxide, tin sulfide, indium sulfide, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, and zinc sulfide. This allows for flexible selection of materials for the first charge transport layer 61 and the second charge transport layer 62 according to actual needs.

[0130] In some embodiments, the thickness d5 of the first charge transport layer 61 is 10 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness d6 of the second charge transport layer 62 is 10 nm to 200 nm, thereby contributing to ensuring the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1.

[0131] The thickness d5 of the first charge transport layer 61 or the thickness d6 of the second charge transport layer 62 may be, for example, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 120 nm, 150 nm, 180 nm, or 200 nm.

[0132] Alternatively, if the material of the first charge transport layer 61 is NiO, the thickness d5 of the first charge transport layer 61 is usually not more than 50 nm. If the first charge transport layer 61 is made of other materials, the thickness can reach 200 nm, for example, the material of the first charge transport layer 61 is Spiro-OMeTAD.

[0133] If the thickness d5 of the first charge transport layer 61 or the thickness d6 of the second charge transport layer 62 is greater than 200 nm, the perovskite battery 1 will occupy a large space, which is disadvantageous for improving the energy density.

[0134] If the thickness d5 of the first charge transport layer 61 or the thickness d6 of the second charge transport layer 62 is less than 10 nm, it is disadvantageous to ensure the performance of the first charge transport layer 61 or the second charge transport layer 62.

[0135] In some embodiments, the material of the substrate 50 includes at least one of glass and a transparent flexible polymer, and optionally the transparent flexible polymer includes at least one of polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide, which facilitates flexible selection of the material of the substrate 50 according to actual needs, for example, whether a rollable perovskite battery is to be manufactured.

[0136] The present application provides an electric device including the perovskite battery 1 according to any one of the above embodiments, wherein the perovskite battery 1 is used to power the electric device.

[0137] 7 is a schematic diagram of an electric device according to one embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7, the electric device is a vehicle 100, and a perovskite battery 1 is installed in the vehicle 100 and is used to power the vehicle 100 or a storage battery in the vehicle 100.

[0138] Alternatively, the electrical device may be other equipment such as a street light or an energy storage station.

[0139] 1 to 7, a product example of the perovskite battery 1 of the present application has been described in detail above. Below, a method for manufacturing a perovskite battery of the present application will be described in detail. It should be understood that for parts in the method examples that correspond to the product examples, similar descriptions can be found in the product examples.

[0140] 8 is a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 8, the present application provides a method 300 for manufacturing a perovskite battery, including steps 310 and 320.

[0141] In step 310, a plurality of battery units 20 arranged along a first direction are provided.

[0142] The battery unit 20 includes a first electrode layer 51, a second electrode layer 52 arranged along a second direction, and a first perovskite layer 53 located between the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52.

[0143] In step 320, a connecting structure 31 is provided.

[0144] The connection structure 31 is used to connect the first electrode layer 51 of the first battery unit 21 and the second electrode layer 52 of the second battery unit 22, which are adjacent to each other among the plurality of battery units 20, and low-dimensional perovskite layers 54 are provided in the areas facing the first perovskite layers 53 on both sides of the connection structure 31.

[0145] In the present embodiment, the perovskite cell 1 fabricated by the method 300 has high efficiency and long lifespan.

[0146] In some embodiments, step 310 includes providing a substrate 50 having a first electrode layer 51 thereon, sequentially depositing a first charge transport layer 61, a first perovskite layer 53, and a second charge transport layer 62 on the first electrode layer 51, and depositing a second electrode layer 52 on the second charge transport layer 62.

[0147] Optionally, before depositing the first charge transport layer 61 , the first electrode layer 51 is etched along the second direction to form the second isolation structures 33 .

[0148] Step 320 includes etching the second charge transport layer 62 along a second direction to expose the first electrode layer 51 and form a first groove, and coating a solution containing low-dimensional perovskite cations on two opposing surfaces of the first groove in the first direction to produce a low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 between the connecting structure 31 and the first perovskite layer 53.

[0149] The low-dimensional perovskite cations can react with the first perovskite layer 53 to form a low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 .

[0150] The solvent in the solution containing the low-dimensional perovskite cations does not react with the first perovskite layer 53, and the solvent may be a poor solvent such as ether or isopropyl alcohol. Optionally, after a period of time, excess solution or solvent is removed by pulling a vacuum.

[0151] Optionally, in the step of coating two opposing surfaces of the first groove in the first direction with a solution containing low-dimensional perovskite cations, the solution containing low-dimensional perovskite cations can be coated into the first groove by painting, spraying, immersion, etc.

[0152] Optionally, before depositing the second electrode layer 53 on the second charge transport layer 62, the second charge transport layer 62 is etched along the second direction to expose the first electrode layer 51 and form a second groove, and after forming the second groove, a corresponding material is deposited in the second groove and on the surface of the second charge transport layer 62 to form the connecting structure 31 and the second electrode layer 52. In this step, the connecting structure 31 and the second electrode layer 52 are made of the same material, and both are formed in a single deposition step.

[0153] The method of this embodiment makes it easier to fabricate the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54, contributing to reduced process complexity.

[0154] In some embodiments, the method 300 further includes providing a first isolation structure 32 .

[0155] A low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is provided in the region facing the first perovskite layer 53 on both sides of the first isolation structure 32 .

[0156] The step of providing the first isolation structure 32 includes the steps of etching the second electrode layer 52 along the second direction to expose the first electrode layer 51 and form a second groove, and coating a solution containing low-dimensional perovskite cations on two opposing surfaces of the second groove in the first direction to produce a low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 between the first isolation structure 32 and the first perovskite layer 53.

[0157] The perovskite cells fabricated by the method of this example have high efficiency and long life.

[0158] Example Examples of the present application are described below. The examples described below are illustrative and are intended merely to interpret the present application and should not be understood as limiting the present application. If specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the examples, they are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product specifications. If the manufacturers of the reagents or equipment used are not specified, they are all conventional products that are commercially available.

[0159] Example 1 The structure of Example 1 can be seen in FIG. 1, and the manufacturing method of the perovskite battery 1 shown in Example 1 is as follows.

[0160] (1) A 100 mm*100 mm piece of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass was taken, and the FTO conductive glass was a substrate 50 on which a first electrode layer 51 was provided.

[0161] (2) After thorough cleaning, the second isolation structure 33 was fabricated by scribing the FTO conductive glass using nanosecond red light to form a P1 groove through the first electrode layer 51.

[0162] (3) A first charge transport layer 61 was formed by using a magnetron sputtering method to fabricate nickel oxide with a thickness of 20 nm on the FTO conductive glass.

[0163] (4) A 1 mol / L MAPbI precursor solution was applied to the first charge transport layer 61, and then the substrate was transferred to a vacuum device and evacuated for 60 seconds to a vacuum degree of 15 Pa. After the vacuum was completed, the conductive glass from which the first charge transport layer 61 was manufactured was annealed on a heating stage at 100°C for 40 minutes to obtain a MAPbI perovskite layer with a thickness of approximately 500 nm, forming the first perovskite layer 53.

[0164] (5) Add 25 nm of C to the first perovskite layer 53 by vapor deposition. 60Then, 6 nm of BCP and 20 nm of Cu were evaporated to form a second charge transport layer 62. 60 and BCP are used as the second charge transport layer 62, and Cu can be used to protect the second charge transport layer 62 when manufacturing the second electrode layer 52.

[0165] (6) Picosecond green light was used to scribe the conductive glass on which the second charge transport layer 62 was manufactured, forming a P2 groove that penetrated along the second direction from the surface of the second charge transport layer 62 away from the first electrode layer 51 to the surface of the first electrode layer 51 closer to the second electrode layer 52.

[0166] (7) The substrate with the P2 groove was placed in a 0.05 mg / mL solution of PEAI in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) for 10 seconds, and after removal, excess solvent was removed by vacuuming. PEA is phenylethylamine.

[0167] (8) Cu was deposited in a thickness of 100 nm in the P2 groove and on the surface of the second charge transport layer 62 by evaporation to form the connection structure 31 and the second electrode layer 52.

[0168] (9) The surface of the first electrode layer 51 close to the second electrode layer 52 was exposed, and the second electrode layer 52 was scribed using picosecond green light to form a P3 groove, which became the first isolation structure 32.

[0169] Example 2 The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the low-dimensional perovskite in the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is different from that in Example 1. The low-dimensional perovskite layer in Example 2 can be produced by replacing PEAI with BAI in step (6), where BA is butylamine.

[0170] Example 3 The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the low-dimensional perovskite in the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is different from that in Example 1. The low-dimensional perovskite layer in Example 3 can be produced by replacing PEAI with PAI in step (6), where PA is propylamine.

[0171] Example 4 The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that the low-dimensional perovskite in the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is different from that in Example 1. The low-dimensional perovskite layer in Example 4 can be produced by replacing PEAI with PDAI in step (6), where PDA is 1,3-propanediamine.

[0172] Examples 5 to 10 Examples 5-10 are distinguished from Example 1 by the different thicknesses of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54. The different thicknesses of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 can be achieved by immersion for different times in step (6). The immersion times for Examples 5-10 are 1 second, 2 seconds, 3 seconds, 30 seconds, 45 seconds, and 60 seconds, respectively.

[0173] Example 11 The structure of Example 11 is as shown in Figure 2. The perovskite battery corresponding to Example 11 can be obtained by immersing the product obtained in step (9) in an IPA solution of 0.05 mg / mL PEAI for 10 seconds.

[0174] Examples 12-13 The difference between Examples 12-13 and Example 11 is the different thicknesses of the low-dimensional perovskite layer on both sides of the first isolation structure 32. In Examples 12 and 13, the product obtained in step (9) was immersed in an IPA solution of 0.05 mg / mL PEAI for 1 second and 60 seconds, respectively.

[0175] Example 14 The structure of Example 14 is as shown in Figure 4. The difference between Example 14 and Example 11 is that the perovskite battery of Example 14 is a layered structure perovskite battery. In Example 14, the substrate 50 is a glass substrate, the first electrode layer 51 is ITO, the first charge transport layer 61 is NiO, and the first perovskite layer 53 is Cs 0.35 FA 0.65 PbI 1.8 Br 1.2 and the second charge transport layer 62 is C 60 and SnO2, the third electrode layer 55 is Au, the third charge transport layer 63 is PEDOT:PSS, and the second perovskite layer 56 is FA. 0.7 MA 0.3 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5 I3, and the material of the fourth charge transport layer 64 is C 60 and SnO2, and the second electrode layer 52 is Ag.

[0176] Example 15 The structure of Example 15 is as shown in Figure 5. The difference between Example 15 and Example 11 is that the perovskite cell of Example 14 is a layered structure perovskite cell. In Example 15, the substrate 50 is a glass substrate, the first conductive layer 51 is Mo, the fifth charge transport layer 65 is PTAA, the light absorbing layer 58 is CIGS, the sixth charge transport layer 66 is ZnO, the fourth electrode layer 57 is indium tin oxide, the first charge transport layer 61 is PTAA, and the first perovskite layer 53 is Cs. 0.09 FA 0.77 MA 0.14 Pb(I 0.86 Br 0.14 ) 3, the second charge transport layer 62 is PCBM, and the second electrode layer 52 is indium tin oxide.

[0177] Example 16 The difference between Example 16 and Example 1 is the number of dimensions of the low-dimensional perovskite layer. The low-dimensional perovskite layer in Example 16 is formed by replacing PEAI in step (6) with C4N2H 14It can be produced by exchanging it for I.

[0178] Example 17 The difference between Example 17 and Example 1 is the dimensionality of the low-dimensional perovskite layer. The low-dimensional perovskite layer in Example 17 can be produced by replacing PEAI with CsI in step (6).

[0179] Examples 18 to 21 The difference between Examples 18 to 21 and Example 1 is that n in the structural formula of the low-dimensional perovskite layer is 2, 3, 4, or 5. Different values ​​of n can be obtained by controlling the temperature of the solution. The temperatures corresponding to 2, 3, 4, and 5 are 35°C, 45°C, 50°C, and 55°C, respectively.

[0180] In Examples 1 to 21, the first electrode layer 51 had a thickness of 500 nm, the second electrode layer 52 had a thickness of 100 nm, the first perovskite layer 53 had a thickness of 500 nm, the first charge transport layer 61 had a thickness of 20 nm, and the second charge transport layer 62 had a thickness of 31 nm.

[0181] Examples 22 to 24 Examples 22 to 24 are distinguished from Example 11 by the value of k1, which is the distance between the first isolating structure 32 and the connecting structure 31.

[0182] Examples 25 to 30 Examples 25 to 30 are different from Example 1 in the thickness of the first electrode layer 51, the thickness of the second electrode layer 52, the thickness of the first charge transport layer 61, and the thickness of the second charge transport layer 62.

[0183] Comparative Example 1 The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 is that in the perovskite battery 1, no low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is provided in the region facing the first perovskite layer on both sides of the connection structure 31 along the first direction.

[0184] Comparative Example 2 The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 11 is that in the perovskite battery 1, no low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 is provided in the region facing the first perovskite layer on both sides of the connection structure 31 along the first direction.

[0185] The perovskite batteries fabricated in the above examples and comparative examples were tested to determine the efficiency and lifespan of the batteries.

[0186] How to test battery efficiency At room temperature and below 2% RH, under standard simulated sunlight (AM1.5G, 100 mW / cm 2 The efficiency of the cells was tested under illumination with .

[0187] How to test battery life After storing for 1000 hours in the dark at 25°C and 50-60% RH, the samples were exposed to standard simulated sunlight (AM1.5G, 100mW / cm 2 The efficiency of the battery was tested under irradiation of 1000 hours of light, and the efficiency retention rate = efficiency after 1000 hours of storage / initial efficiency * 100%.

[0188] Experimental results The experimental results of different examples and comparative examples can be seen in Tables 1 and 2.

[0189] In Tables 1 and 2, d1 is the thickness of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 facing the connecting structure 31, d1' is the thickness of the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 facing the first isolating structure 32, n is the value of n in the structural formula of the low-dimensional perovskite in the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54, and the dimensionality is the dimensional value of the low-dimensional perovskite in the low-dimensional perovskite layer. 2D represents two-dimensional perovskite, 1D represents one-dimensional perovskite, and 0D represents zero-dimensional perovskite. k1 is the distance between the first isolation structure 32 and the connecting structure 31, d2 is the thickness of the first electrode layer 51, d3 is the thickness of the second electrode layer 52, d4 is the thickness of the first perovskite layer 53, d5 is the thickness of the first charge transport layer 61, and d6 is the thickness of the second charge transport layer 62.

[0190] Table 1 Experimental results for Examples 1 to 24 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 [Table 1]

[0191] Table 2 Experimental results of Example 1 and Examples 25 to 30 [Table 2]

[0192] According to Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 24, by providing a low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 in the region facing the first perovskite layer 53 on both sides of the connection structure 31 along the first direction, the efficiency of the perovskite battery 1 is significantly improved and the lifespan is significantly extended.

[0193] According to Examples 11 to 13, low-dimensional perovskite layers 54 are provided along the first direction in regions facing the first perovskite layer on both sides of the first isolation structure. Compared to Example 1, the lifespan of the perovskite battery 1 is extended to some extent.

[0194] According to Examples 14 and 15, the perovskite battery 1 having a layered structure has high efficiency and also a long lifespan.

[0195] According to Examples 16 and 17, when the low-dimensional perovskite is a zero-dimensional perovskite and a one-dimensional perovskite, the perovskite battery 1 has high efficiency and long life.

[0196] According to Examples 1 to 24, when n is 5 or less, the perovskite battery 1 has high efficiency and a long lifespan.

[0197] According to Comparative Example 2 and Example 1, simply providing the low-dimensional perovskite layer 54 on both sides of the first isolation structure 32 makes it difficult to achieve a long battery life and high efficiency.

[0198] As shown in Examples 25 to 30 in Table 2, by rationally setting the thicknesses of the first electrode layer 51, the second electrode layer 52, the first perovskite layer 53, the first charge transport layer 61, and the second charge transport layer 62, excellent battery efficiency and lifespan can be achieved.

[0199] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above-described embodiments are merely examples, and all embodiments that have substantially the same configuration as the technical idea and exhibit the same functions and effects within the scope of the technical solution of the present application are encompassed within the technical scope of the present application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by a person skilled in the art to the embodiments and other forms configured by combining some of the components of the embodiments are also encompassed within the scope of the present application, as long as they do not deviate from the gist of the present application.

Claims

1. a plurality of battery units (20) arranged along a first direction, each battery unit including a first electrode layer (51), a second electrode layer (52), and a first perovskite layer (53) located between the first electrode layer (51) and the second electrode layer (52), the battery units being arranged along a second direction; a connection structure (31) for connecting a first electrode layer (51) of a first battery unit (21) and a second electrode layer (52) of a second battery unit (22) that are adjacent to each other among the plurality of battery units (20), A perovskite battery characterized in that a low-dimensional perovskite layer (54) is provided in an area facing the first perovskite layer (53) on both sides of the connection structure (31).

2. The structural formula of the low-dimensional perovskite layer (54) is (NH ３＋ -R-NH ３＋ ) A ｎ－１ B ｎ X ３ｎ＋１ or (R-NH ３＋ ) ２ A ｎ－１ B ｎ X ３ｎ＋１ (n≦5), R comprises at least one of phenyl, aryl, alkyl, and piperidine derivatives; A includes at least one of Cs, FA, MA, Rb, and K; B is Pb ２＋ , Sn ２＋ and X is F － , Cl － ,Br － , I － 2. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, comprising at least one of:

3. 2. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, further comprising a first isolation structure (32) used to isolate the second electrode layer (52) of the first battery unit (21) from the second electrode layer (52) of the second battery unit (22), and spaced apart from the connection structure (31).

4. 4. The perovskite battery according to claim 3, wherein the battery unit (20) comprises the first electrode layer (51), a first charge transport layer (61), the first perovskite layer (53), a second charge transport layer (62), and the second electrode layer (52), which are provided in this order on a substrate (50).

5. the first isolation structure (32) is an insulating structure extending from a first surface (521) of the second electrode layer (52) to at least the first charge transport layer (61), and the first surface (521) of the second electrode layer (52) is a surface of the second electrode layer (52) that is remote from the first electrode layer (51); The perovskite battery according to claim 4, characterized in that the low-dimensional perovskite layer (54) is provided in regions facing the first perovskite layer (53) on both sides of the first isolation structure (32).

6. 4. The perovskite battery according to claim 3, wherein a distance (k1) between the first isolation structure (32) and the connecting structure (31) along the first direction is between 5 μm and 25 μm.

7. 4. The perovskite battery according to claim 3, wherein the connecting structure (31) is a conductive structure extending from a second surface (522) of the second electrode layer (52) to the first electrode layer (51), and the second surface (522) of the second electrode layer (52) is a surface of the second electrode layer (52) that is closer to the first electrode layer (51).

8. The perovskite battery according to claim 4, characterized in that the battery unit (20) further comprises a light absorbing layer (59) located between the first electrode layer (51) and the second electrode layer (52).

9. The perovskite battery according to claim 8, characterized in that the light absorption layer (59) includes a second perovskite layer (56), and the battery unit (20) further includes a third electrode layer (55), a third charge transport layer (63), the second perovskite layer (56), and a fourth charge transport layer (64) located in that order between the second charge transport layer (62) and the second electrode layer (52), and the low-dimensional perovskite layer (54) is provided in a region facing the second perovskite layer (56) on both sides of the connection structure (31).

10. The perovskite battery according to claim 9, characterized in that the low-dimensional perovskite layer (54) is provided in regions facing the second perovskite layer (56) on both sides of the first isolation structure (32).

11. 10. The perovskite cell of claim 9, wherein the bandgap of the first perovskite layer (53) is larger than the bandgap of the second perovskite layer (56).

12. 9. The perovskite battery of claim 8, wherein the light absorbing layer (59) comprises a copper indium gallium selenium layer (58), and the battery unit (20) further comprises a fifth charge transport layer (65), the copper indium gallium selenium layer (58), a sixth charge transport layer (66), and a fourth electrode layer (57) located between the first electrode layer (51) and the second charge transport layer (62) and arranged in that order.

13. The perovskite cell of claim 1, wherein the thickness (d1) of the low-dimensional perovskite layer (54) is between 1 nm and 100 nm, and optionally between 1 nm and 4 nm.

14. 2. The perovskite battery of claim 1, wherein the low-dimensional perovskite layer (54) is a one-dimensional perovskite layer.

15. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the second electrode layer (52) and the connecting structure (31) are an integrally formed structure.

16. 2. The perovskite battery of claim 1, wherein the material of the first electrode layer (51) comprises at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tungsten oxide, gallium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, and fluorine-doped tin oxide.

17. 2. The perovskite battery of claim 1, wherein a material of the second electrode layer (52) comprises at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tungsten oxide, gallium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, Mo, W, and alloys thereof, and a carbon material, and optionally the carbon material comprises at least one of carbon black, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.

18. The perovskite battery of claim 1, wherein the thickness (d2) of the first electrode layer (51) is 300 nm to 800 nm, the thickness (d3) of the second electrode layer (52) is 10 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness (d4) of the first perovskite layer (53) is 300 nm to 800 nm, and optionally, the thickness (d2) of the first electrode layer (51) is 400 nm to 600 nm, the thickness (d3) of the second electrode layer (52) is 80 nm to 120 nm, and the thickness (d4) of the first perovskite layer (53) is 400 nm to 600 nm.

19. The structural formula of the first perovskite layer (53) is ABX ３ wherein the ionic radius of A is 0.076 nm to 0.315 nm, the ionic radius of B is 0.06 nm to 0.15 nm, and the ionic radius of X is 0.1 nm to 0.2 nm; Optionally, A comprises at least one of an organic amine cation, Cs, K, Rb, Li; B comprises at least one of lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and europium; and X comprises at least one of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; Optionally, the organic amine cation includes at least one of a methylamine ion and a formamidine ion.

20. 5. The perovskite cell according to claim 4, wherein the first charge transport layer (61) is a hole transport layer and the second charge transport layer (62) is an electron transport layer, or the first charge transport layer (61) is an electron transport layer and the second charge transport layer (62) is a hole transport layer.

21. a material for the hole transport layer including a P-type semiconductor and a material for the electron transport layer including an N-type semiconductor; Optionally, the material of the hole transport layer comprises at least one of thiophene, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyaniline)-9,9′-spirobifluorene, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, tin oxide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, copper sulfide, tin sulfide, copper(I) thiocyanate, copper iodide, fluoro-containing phosphonic acid, carbonyl-containing phosphonic acid, carbon nanotube, and graphene; Optionally, the material of the electron transport layer is [6,6]-phenyl-C ６１ -methyl isobutyrate, C ６０ 21. The perovskite battery of claim 20, comprising at least one of: a cyano-containing polyphenylacetylene, a boron-containing polymer, bathocuproine, bathophenanthroline, hydroxyquinoline aluminum, an oxadiazole compound, a benzimidazole compound, a naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid compound, a perylene derivative, a phosphine oxide compound, a phosphine sulfide compound, a fluoro-containing phthalocyanine, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, gallium oxide, tin sulfide, indium sulfide, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, and zinc sulfide.

22. The perovskite battery according to claim 4, characterized in that the thickness (d5) of the first charge transport layer (61) is 10 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness (d6) of the second charge transport layer (62) is 10 nm to 200 nm.

23. 5. The perovskite cell of claim 4, wherein the material of the substrate (50) comprises at least one of glass, a transparent flexible polymer, and optionally the transparent flexible polymer comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, a polyimide.

24. 10. An electrical device comprising the perovskite battery of claim 1, wherein the perovskite battery is used to power the electrical device.

25. providing (310) a plurality of battery units (20) arranged along a first direction, each battery unit including a first electrode layer (51), a second electrode layer (52), and a first perovskite layer (53) located between the first electrode layer (51) and the second electrode layer (52), arranged along a second direction; and providing a connection structure (31) for connecting a first electrode layer (51) of a first battery unit (21) and a second electrode layer (52) of a second battery unit (22) adjacent to each other among the plurality of battery units (20), wherein low-dimensional perovskite layers (54) are provided in regions facing the first perovskite layer (53) on both sides of the connection structure (31).

26. The step (310) of providing a plurality of battery units (20) arranged along a first direction includes: providing a substrate (50) on which said first electrode layer (51) is provided; depositing, in order, a first charge transport layer (61), a first perovskite layer (53), and a second charge transport layer (62) on the first electrode layer (51); depositing the second electrode layer (52) on the second charge transport layer (62); The step (320) of providing a connecting structure (31) comprises: Etching the second charge transport layer (62) along the second direction to expose the first electrode layer (51) and form a first groove; and coating two opposing surfaces of the first groove in a first direction with a solution containing low-dimensional perovskite cations so as to produce the low-dimensional perovskite layer (54) between the connecting structure (31) and the first perovskite layer (53).

27. The method comprises: The method further includes providing a first isolation structure (32), wherein the low-dimensional perovskite layer (54) is provided on both sides of the first isolation structure (32) in a region facing the first perovskite layer (53); The step of providing a first isolation structure (32) comprises: Etching the second electrode layer (52) along the second direction to expose the first electrode layer (51) and form second grooves; and coating two opposing surfaces of the second groove in a first direction with a solution containing low-dimensional perovskite cations so as to produce the low-dimensional perovskite layer (54) between the first isolation structure (32) and the first perovskite layer (53).

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