Antennas and Communication Devices

Abstract

This application relates to the field of communications technology and provides an antenna and a communication device for solving problems of insufficient isolation and narrow decoupling bandwidth. The antenna provided herein may include a first element, a second element, a decoupling stub, a first parasitic structure, and a second parasitic structure. The decoupling stub is connected to the first element and the second element, a first gap is between the decoupling stub and the first element, a second gap is between the decoupling stub and the second element, the first parasitic structure is disposed in the first gap, and the second parasitic structure is disposed in the second gap. When the first element and the second element are operating, a decoupling current may be generated in the decoupling stub, the first parasitic structure, and the second parasitic structure. The decoupling current is canceled out by an initial coupling current between the first element and the second element, creating an isolation null. This effectively improves the isolation and wideband decoupling performance between the first element and the second element.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202310209389.X, entitled "ANTENNA AND COMMUNICATION DEVICE," filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on February 27, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communications technology, and in particular to antennas and communications devices. [Background technology]

[0003] With the continuous development of communication technology, user demand for wireless networks is also rapidly increasing. In indoor application scenarios, indoor digitalization is the current development trend for mobile interconnection. Due to spatial size limitations, small base stations are typically deployed in indoor spaces. Small base stations are characterized by low power consumption and small size. As mobile communication systems evolve toward 5th-generation mobile communication technology (5G), the communication capacity requirements of users on indoor wireless networks will be further improved. Therefore, indoor small base stations need to meet the higher communication capacity requirements by increasing the number of transmission channels and the number of receiving channels. Due to the overall size limitations of small base stations, the number of antennas that can be constructed in a space is close to the upper limit. As more antennas are added, the spacing between antennas cannot be effectively ensured. As a result, the coupling between antennas is too strong, resulting in insufficient isolation, and the overall performance cannot reach the expected gain. In addition, the overall cost of small base stations increases linearly with the number of antennas, and more antennas mean higher costs. This affects the commercial application of small base stations.

[0004] A dual-port antenna can provide two antenna ports in a small size (e.g., the size of one antenna), which is equivalent to two antennas. Therefore, using a dual-port antenna in a small base station can effectively reduce the number and cost of antennas, and also ensure the overall performance of the small base station.

[0005] However, the current dual-port antenna still suffers from poor isolation and narrow decoupling bandwidth, which does not help ensure the performance of small base stations. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application provides an antenna and a communication device that has good isolation and can effectively extend the decoupling bandwidth.

[0007] According to a first aspect, the present application provides an antenna. The antenna may include a first element, a second element, a decoupling stub, a first parasitic structure, and a second parasitic structure. A first end of the decoupling stub is connected to the first element, and a second end of the decoupling stub is connected to the second element. A first gap is formed between the decoupling stub and the first element, and a second gap is formed between the decoupling stub and the second element. The first parasitic structure is disposed in the first gap, and the second parasitic structure is disposed in the second gap. When the first element and the second element are in operation, coupling may be generated between the first element and the second element, generating an initial coupling current. In addition, a conduction current is also formed in the decoupling stub. The conduction current cancels out the initial coupling current, generating an isolation null (e.g., a frequency where the S21 parameter between the two antenna feed ports is close to 0). This effectively improves isolation between the first element and the second element. Additionally, a first gap exists between the decoupling stub and the first element, and a second gap exists between the decoupling stub and the second element. A first parasitic structure is disposed in the first gap, and a second parasitic structure is disposed in the second gap. When the first and second elements are operating, a coupling current may be generated in the first and second parasitic structures. The coupling current cancels out the initial coupling current, creating another isolation null. This effectively improves the isolation between the first and second elements. Through the combined effects of the decoupling stub, the first parasitic structure, and the second parasitic structure, the antenna can generate two isolation nulls. This helps ensure the antenna's performance and wideband decoupling capabilities.

[0008] In one example, the length of the decoupling stub may be any value between 0.1λ and 0.4λ, and the width of the decoupling stub may be any value between 0.2 millimeters (mm) and 4 mm, so that the decoupling effect produced by the decoupling stub can be effectively improved, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency within the relative operating frequency band range of the antenna.

[0009] In one example, the width of the first gap or the second gap may be any value between 0.01λ and 0.15λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency within the relative operating frequency band of the antenna, thereby effectively improving the decoupling effect produced by the first parasitic structure and the second parasitic structure.

[0010] In one example, the first parasitic structure includes at least one U-shaped parasitic element, and the second parasitic structure includes at least one U-shaped parasitic element. In specific applications, the number and position layout of the U-shaped parasitic elements can be appropriately adjusted based on actual requirements, thereby achieving good flexibility.

[0011] In one example, the first and second elements are arranged to form a rectangular outline, with the first element located at a first corner of the rectangular outline and the second element located at a second corner of the rectangular outline, with the first and second corners diagonally opposite each other. The first element has a first feed point, which is located in a first region of the first element, the first region being a region whose circle is centered at the first corner and whose diameter is the longest axis of the first element. The second element has a second feed point, which is located in a second region of the second element, the second region being a region whose circle is centered at the second corner and whose diameter is the longest axis of the second element. The first element is located at the first corner of the rectangular outline and the second element is located at the second corner of the rectangular outline so that there is a sufficient distance between the first and second elements. In addition, the area of ​​the region where the first and second elements are located is small, which helps reduce the area of ​​the antenna. In addition, in order to improve the isolation between the first element and the second element, the distance between the first feed point and the second feed point can be set to be long.

[0012] In one example, the first element has a first ground point located in a first region of the first element, the first region being a region whose center is a first corner and whose diameter is the largest axis of the first element. The second element has a second ground point located in a second region of the second element, the second region being a region whose center is a second corner and whose diameter is the largest axis of the second element. According to the above positional layout, a long distance is set between the first and second ground points, which can improve isolation between the first and second elements.

[0013] In one example, the antenna further includes a first feed line, a second feed line, and a third parasitic structure. The first feed line is connected to the first element, and the second feed line is connected to the second element, with a third gap between the first feed line and the second feed line. The third parasitic structure is located in the third gap. When the first element and the second element are operating, coupling may be generated between the first element and the second element, generating an initial coupling current. The third parasitic structure is located in the gap between the first feed line and the second feed line. Thus, a coupling current may be generated in the third parasitic structure. The coupling current may cancel out the initial coupling current to generate another isolation null. This may effectively improve the isolation between the first element and the second element.

[0014] In addition, under the joint effect of the decoupling stub, the first parasitic structure, the second parasitic structure, and the third parasitic structure, the antenna can generate three isolation nulls to expand the decoupling bandwidth, which helps ensure the performance of the antenna and wideband decoupling performance.

[0015] During a specific arrangement, the third parasitic structure may include at least one U-shaped parasitic element. In a specific application, the number, size and position layout of the U-shaped parasitic elements may be appropriately adjusted based on actual requirements, resulting in good flexibility.

[0016] In a specific implementation, the antenna may include a first substrate body, a second substrate body, a third substrate body, and a fourth substrate body. The first substrate body and the second substrate body are parallel and spaced apart from each other, and the third substrate body and the fourth substrate body are connected between the first substrate body and the second substrate body. The first element, the second element, the decoupling stub, the first parasitic structure, and the second parasitic structure are all located on the first substrate body. The first feed line, the second feed line, and the third parasitic structure are all located on the second substrate body. The third substrate body has a first feed connecting line, one end of which is connected to the first feed line and the other end of which is connected to the first element. The fourth substrate body has a second feed connecting line, one end of which is connected to the second feed line and the other end of which is connected to the second element.

[0017] In one example, the first substrate body, the second substrate body, the third substrate body, and the fourth substrate body may be a printed circuit board (PCB) or a flexible printed circuit (FPC). Alternatively, in some examples, the antenna may be a metal structure such as a sheet metal part having a specific shape. This is not limited in the present application.

[0018] According to a second aspect, the present application further provides a communication device including a baseband unit, a wireless hub, and one or more of the aforementioned antennas. The baseband unit is connected to the wireless hub, and the multiple antennas are all connected to the wireless hub. By using the aforementioned antennas, a compact design of the communication device can be easily implemented. In addition, the antennas have good unit performance and wideband decoupling performance. Therefore, it is useful to ensure the implementation of wireless transmission and reception performance of the communication device. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the structure of an indoor small base station according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 2]1 is a diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the antenna of FIG. 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a model of a decoupling circuit for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a planar structure of the front surface of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a planar structure of the back surface of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the antenna of FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a diagram of a model of a decoupling circuit for another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9] 1 is a diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 10] FIG. 2 is a diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the antenna from another perspective according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 11] 1 is a diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a substructure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is an effect diagram of antenna isolation according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a radiation diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a diagram of a three-dimensional structure of another antenna substructure according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 15] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a structure of a first parasitic structure according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a diagram of another first parasitic structure according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a diagram of another first parasitic structure according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 18] FIG. 10 is a diagram of another first parasitic structure according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 19] FIG. 10 is a diagram of another first parasitic structure according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 20]FIG. 10 is a diagram of another first parasitic structure according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 is a diagram of another first parasitic structure according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 22] 1 is a diagram of a planar structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 23] 1 is a block diagram of the structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 24] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the structure of another communication device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the following further describes the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] To facilitate understanding of the antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application, the following first describes the application scenario of the antenna.

[0022] The antennas provided in the embodiments of the present application can be used in communication devices such as, but not limited to, indoor small base stations, routers, or ceiling APs (access points). In addition, different antennas may further form an antenna system through a network.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 1, an indoor mini base station is used as an example. The indoor mini base station may include a baseband unit (BBU), a radio hub (RHUB), and a pico remote radio unit (pRRU). The antenna may be integrated into the pico remote radio unit. In addition, the pico remote radio unit may further include at least one device such as a radio-on-a-chip (ROC), a power supply, a power amplifier, and a filter. The antenna is configured to receive and / or transmit radio signals. The radio hub may be configured to receive downlink baseband data transmitted by the baseband unit and transmit the downlink baseband data to the pico remote radio unit after dividing the downlink baseband data, and / or the radio hub may be configured to perform joint processing on the uplink baseband data of the pico remote radio unit and transmit the processed data to the baseband unit to communicate with the baseband unit.

[0024] With the continuous development of mobile communication technology, fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G) is also being widely adopted. As one of the key technologies of 5G communication systems, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology can effectively improve channel capacity. MIMO technology requires the deployment of multiple antennas on communication devices. In addition, for compact designs, the distance between antennas generally cannot exceed half a wavelength. Specifically, the distance between two adjacent antennas generally cannot be greater than half a wavelength. The wavelength corresponds to the lowest frequency within the antenna's relative operating frequency band range. When the distance between antennas is short, electromagnetic coupling between two adjacent antennas inevitably occurs. Electromagnetic coupling between antennas not only increases the power loss of communication devices but also causes adverse conditions such as signal distortion. Therefore, reducing electromagnetic coupling between antennas has a significant impact on improving the performance of communication devices.

[0025] A dual-port antenna can provide two antenna ports in a compact size (e.g., approximately the size of one antenna), equivalent to two antennas. Therefore, using a dual-port antenna in a small base station can effectively reduce the number and cost of antennas and ensure the overall performance of the small base station.

[0026] In the current dual-port antenna, there is a large coupling problem between the two ports, and the isolation between the two ports cannot be effectively improved, so the performance of the antenna and the wideband decoupling performance cannot be ensured.

[0027] In view of this, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna that can help effectively improve the isolation between ports and extend the decoupling bandwidth.

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the following further describes the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] The terms used in the following embodiments are intended to describe particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present application. As used in this specification and the appended claims of this application, the singular terms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include forms such as "one or more," unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the following embodiments of this application, "at least one" can be further understood to mean one, two, or more.

[0030] References to "one embodiment" or the like described herein mean that one or more embodiments of the present application include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment. Thus, the appearances of "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," and "in other embodiments" in various places herein do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Instead, these statements refer to "one or more, but not all, of the embodiments," unless specifically emphasized otherwise. The terms "including," "having," and variations thereof all mean "including, but not limited to," unless specifically emphasized otherwise.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 2 , the antenna 10 provided in this embodiment of the present application may include a first element 11, a second element 12, a decoupling stub 13, a first parasitic structure 14, and a second parasitic structure 15. A first end 131 of the decoupling stub 13 is connected to the first element 11, and a second end 132 of the decoupling stub 13 is connected to the second element 12. In this design, when the first element 11 and the second element 12 are operating, coupling may be generated between the first element 11 and the second element 12, generating an initial coupling current. In addition, a conduction current is also formed in the decoupling stub 13. The conduction current can cancel out the initial coupling current to generate an isolation null, effectively improving the isolation between the first element 11 and the second element 12. In addition, a first gap 101 exists between the decoupling stub 13 and the first element 11, and a second gap 102 exists between the decoupling stub 13 and the second element 12. The first parasitic structure 14 is disposed in the first gap 101, and the second parasitic structure 15 is disposed in the second gap 102. In this design, the first parasitic structure 14 may be coupled to the first element 11, and the second parasitic structure 15 may be coupled to the second element 12. When the first element 11 and the second element 12 are operating, a coupling current may be generated in the first parasitic structure 14 and the second parasitic structure 15. The coupling current cancels out the initial coupling current, generating another isolation null. This effectively improves the isolation between the first element 11 and the second element 12. According to the above design, the antenna 10 can generate two isolation nulls under the combined effects of the decoupling stub 13, the first parasitic structure 14, and the second parasitic structure 15. This helps ensure the performance and wideband decoupling capabilities of the antenna 10.

[0032] 3 and 4 show an equivalent circuit diagram and a circuit model diagram of the antenna 10 of FIG. 2, respectively.

[0033] When the distance between the first element 11 and the second element 12 is small, there is an initial coupling current I0, where:

number

number

[0034] In the example provided in this application, a decoupling current path 1 may be introduced to reduce coupling between the first element 11 and the second element 12. A decoupling current I1 may be generated on the decoupling current path 1. I1 is

number

[0035] In addition, to expand the decoupling bandwidth, in the example provided in this application, another decoupling current path 2 is further added. A decoupling current I2 can be generated on the decoupling current path 2. When I2 is

number

[0036] In addition, if both f1 and f2 are all within the operating frequency band of the antenna 10, a wide decoupling bandwidth can be obtained, so that the wideband decoupling performance of the antenna 10 can be effectively improved.

[0037] In summary, in the example provided in this application, one conducting current decoupling path may be introduced by using the decoupling stub 13. One coupling current decoupling path may be introduced by using the first parasitic structure 14 and the second parasitic structure 15. Two decoupling resonant frequencies are implemented through the aforementioned two decoupling paths.

[0038] Note that the conduction decoupling current is a current introduced between the first element 11 and the second element 12 through a directly connected metal or another conductive structure, and the coupling decoupling current is a coupling current generated by electromagnetic induction when two antenna 10 elements are close to each other through a non-directly connected metal or another conductive structure. The conduction decoupling current I1 is generated by the decoupling stub 13 and has a resonance point near f1. The coupling decoupling current I2 is generated by the first parasitic structure 14 and the second parasitic structure 15 and has a resonance point near f2.

[0039] In practical applications, the decoupling stub 13 may be a copper wire or another wire structure with good electrical conductivity. Optionally, during placement, the decoupling stub 13 may be bent near the first element 11 and the second element 12 to form the first gap 101 and the second gap 102 with uniform width sizes, so that the first parasitic structure 14 and the second parasitic structure 15 can generate effective decoupling currents.

[0040] During a specific deployment, the length of the decoupling stub 13 may be any suitable value, for example, any value between 0.1λ and 0.4λ. The width of the decoupling stub 13 may be any suitable value, for example, any value between 0.2 mm and 4 mm, where λ is a wavelength corresponding to a frequency within the relative operating frequency band of the antenna 10, for example, the lowest frequency or another frequency within the relative operating frequency band of the antenna 10. Generally, when the antenna 10 operates normally, the generated or received electromagnetic waves are within a specific frequency band, and the corresponding wavelength during propagation of the electromagnetic waves in space within the frequency band is λ. During a specific deployment, the length and width of the decoupling stub 13 may be appropriately selected and adjusted to obtain the required frequency f1.

[0041] Additionally, during a specific arrangement, the width size d1 of the first gap 101 may be any suitable value, for example, any value between 0.01λ and 0.15λ. The width size d2 of the second gap 102 may be any suitable value, for example, any value between 0.01λ and 0.15λ, where λ is a wavelength corresponding to a frequency within the relative operating frequency band range of the antenna 10, for example, a wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency or another frequency within the relative operating frequency band range of the antenna 10. In practical applications, a desired f2 frequency can be obtained by adjusting the values ​​of d1 and d2 and the sizes of the first parasitic structure 14 and the second parasitic structure 15. Additionally, a desired f2 frequency can be further obtained by adjusting the distance between the first parasitic structure 14 and the decoupling stub 13 and the distance between the first parasitic structure 14 and the first element 11, the distance between the second parasitic structure 15 and the decoupling stub 13, and the distance between the second parasitic structure 15 and the second element 12.

[0042] In certain applications, the aforementioned size parameters can be flexibly set based on actual requirements, which will not be described in detail herein.

[0043] Additionally, the relative positions of the first element 11 and the second element 12 may be adjusted to improve isolation between the first element 11 and the second element 12 during a particular deployment.

[0044] 5, in one example provided in the present application, the first element 11 and the second element 12 are both rectangular (including square) and arranged in an L-shape. This design ensures a sufficient distance between the first element 11 and the second element 12, reducing the area of ​​the region where the first element 11 and the second element 12 are located. This helps reduce the area of ​​the antenna 10.

[0045] Alternatively, the first element 11 and the second element 12 may be positioned to have the same rectangular (including square) outline, and the rectangular outline may be understood to have a first corner A and a second corner B that are diagonally opposite each other. The corners of the rectangle may be right angles, rounded corners, or angles of another possible form. This is not limited thereto. The first element 11 is positioned adjacent to the first corner of the rectangular outline, and the second element 12 is positioned adjacent to the second corner of the rectangular outline.

[0046] Additionally, during a particular deployment, the distance between the first feed point 111 and the second feed point 121 may be set to be long in order to improve the isolation between the first element 11 and the second element 12.

[0047] 5, in one example provided herein, both the first feed point 111 and the first ground point 112 are located on the first element 11 and are adjacent to the first corner A. Both the second feed point 121 and the second ground point 122 are located on the second element 12 and are adjacent to the second corner B.

[0048] During a particular arrangement, the first feed point 111 and the first ground point 112 may each be located at any position in a first region M1 of the first element 11. The first region M1 is a region of a circle whose center is the first angle A and whose diameter is the maximum axis L of the first element 11.

[0049] Each of the second feed point 121 and the second ground point 122 may be located at any position in the second region M2 of the second element 12. The second region M2 is a region whose center is the second corner B and whose diameter is the maximum axis L of the second element 12.

[0050] In a specific application, the specific locations of the first feed point 111, the first ground point 112, the second feed point 121, and the second ground point 122 may be appropriately selected based on actual requirements, and will not be described in detail herein.

[0051] In addition, it should be noted that in another example, the shape of the first element 11 or the second element 12 may alternatively be a circle, an ellipse, or another regular or irregular shape. The specific shapes of the first element 11 and the second element 12 are not limited in the present application. In addition, in some examples, the first element 11 and the second element 12 may alternatively be monopole antennas, i.e., the first ground point 112 and the second ground point 122 may be omitted. In practical applications, the types of the first element 11 and the second element 12 may be appropriately selected based on actual requirements, which is not limited in the present application.

[0052] In a specific application, in order to improve the isolation of the antenna 10, the position of the connection point between the first element 11 and the decoupling stub 13 may be appropriately set, and the position of the connection point between the second element 12 and the decoupling stub 13 may be appropriately set.

[0053] For example, as shown in FIG. 5 , in one example provided in the present application, a first end 131 of the decoupling stub 13 is located on the first element 11 and connected to a position close to the first feed point 111, and a second end 132 of the decoupling stub 13 is located on the second element 12 and connected to a position close to the second feed point 121.

[0054] During a particular arrangement, the first end 131 of the decoupling stub 13 may be located anywhere on the side segment N1 of the first element 11. The length of the side segment N1 may be approximately a portion of the maximum axis L of the first element 11, such as half, one-third, one-quarter, or another possible value. This is not limited.

[0055] The second end 132 of the decoupling stub 13 may be located anywhere on the side segment N2 of the second element 12. The length of the side segment N2 may be approximately a portion of the maximum axis L of the second element 12, such as half, one-third, one-quarter, or another possible value. This is not limited.

[0056] In a specific application, the specific connection positions of the first end 131 and the second end 132 of the decoupling stub 13 can be appropriately selected based on actual requirements, and will not be described in detail herein.

[0057] In addition, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 , in an example provided herein, the antenna 10 further includes a first feed line 16, a second feed line 17, and a third parasitic structure 18. The first feed line 16 is connected to the first element 11, and the second feed line 17 is connected to the second element 12. A third gap 103 is present between the first feed line 16 and the second feed line 17. The third parasitic structure 18 is located in the third gap 103. In this design, the third parasitic structure 18 may be coupled to the first feed line 16 and the second feed line 17. When the first element 11 and the second element 12 are operating, coupling may be generated between the first element 11 and the second element 12, generating an initial coupling current. The third parasitic structure 18 is located in the gap between the first feed line 16 and the second feed line 17. Therefore, a coupling current may be generated in the third parasitic structure 18. The coupling current can be offset with the initial coupling current to generate another isolation null, which can effectively improve the isolation between the first element 11 and the second element 12. In addition, under the combined effect of the decoupling stub 13, the first parasitic structure 14, the second parasitic structure 15, and the third parasitic structure 18, the antenna 10 can generate three isolation nulls, which helps ensure the performance and wideband decoupling performance of the antenna 10.

[0058] As shown in FIG. 8, when the distance between the first element 11 and the second element 12 is short, an initial coupling current I0 exists.

[0059] In the example provided in this application, a decoupling current path 1 may be introduced to reduce coupling between the first element 11 and the second element 12. A decoupling current I1 may be generated on the decoupling current path 1. I1 is

number

[0060] In addition, to expand the decoupling bandwidth, in the example provided in this application, another decoupling current path 2 is further added. A decoupling current I2 can be generated on the decoupling current path 2. When I2 is

number

[0061] In addition, to expand the decoupling bandwidth, in the example provided in this application, another decoupling current path 3 is further added. A decoupling current I3 can be generated on the decoupling current path 3. I3 is

number

[0062] In addition, if f1, f2, and f3 are all within the operating frequency band of the antenna 10, a wide decoupling bandwidth can be obtained, so that the wideband decoupling performance of the antenna 10 can be effectively improved.

[0063] In summary, in the example provided in this application, one conduction current decoupling path may be introduced by using the decoupling stub 13. Another coupling current decoupling path may be introduced by using the first parasitic structure 14 and the second parasitic structure 15. Another coupling current decoupling path may be introduced by using the third parasitic structure 18. Three decoupling resonant frequencies are implemented through the aforementioned three decoupling paths.

[0064] It should be noted that in practical applications, the first feed line 16 and the second feed line 17 may be microstrip lines, and impedance matching between the first feed line 16 and the first element 11 may be achieved by adjusting the length and width of the first feed line 16. Alternatively, impedance matching between the first feed line 16 and the first element 11 may be achieved by adding an open stub or a short stub to the first feed line 16. Correspondingly, impedance matching between the second feed line 17 and the second element 12 may be achieved by adjusting the length and width of the second feed line 17. Alternatively, impedance matching between the second feed line 17 and the second element 12 may be achieved by adding an open stub or a short stub to the second feed line 17.

[0065] Indeed, in another example, the first feed line 16 and the second feed line 17 may alternatively be of a type such as a coaxial line or a waveguide, and the specific type of the first feed line 16 and the second feed line 17 is not limited in this application.

[0066] In practical applications, the structure type of the antenna 10 may vary.

[0067] For example, as shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, in one example provided in the present application, the antenna 10 is assembled by multiple printed circuit boards (PCBs).

[0068] Specifically, the antenna 10 includes a first substrate body 104, a second substrate body 105, a third substrate body 106, and a fourth substrate body 107. The first element 11, the second element 12, the decoupling stub 13, the first parasitic structure 14, and the second parasitic structure 15 are all located on the first substrate body 104. The first feed line 16, the second feed line 17, and the third parasitic structure 18 are all located on the second substrate body 105. The third substrate body 106 is connected between the first substrate body 104 and the second substrate body 105, and the fourth substrate body 107 is connected between the first substrate body 104 and the second substrate body 105. In one example provided in the present application, the first element 11, the second element 12, the decoupling stub 13, the first parasitic structure 14, and the second parasitic structure 15 are all located on a first substrate surface of the first substrate body 104 (e.g., the upper substrate surface in FIG. 9 ). Indeed, in another example, the first element 11, the second element 12, the decoupling stub 13, the first parasitic structure 14, and the second parasitic structure 15 may alternatively be located on different substrate surfaces of the first substrate body 104. This is not limited in the present application. In addition, the first feed line 16, the second feed line 17, and the third parasitic structure 18 are all located on a first substrate surface of the second substrate body 105 (e.g., the upper substrate surface in FIG. 9 ), and the second substrate surface of the second substrate body 105 (e.g., the lower substrate surface in FIG. 9 ) has a ground plane (not shown). The first substrate body 104 is substantially parallel to the second substrate body 105, the third substrate body 106 has a first feed connection line 1061 and a first ground line 1062, and the fourth substrate body 107 has a second feed connection line 1071 and a second ground line 1072. One end of the first ground line 1062 is connected to the ground point of the first element 11, and the other end is connected to the ground surface of the second substrate body 105. One end of the first feed connection line 1061 is connected to the feed point of the first element 11, and the other end is connected to the first feed line 16 of the second substrate body 105. Correspondingly, one end of the second ground line 1072 is connected to the ground point of the second element 12, and the other end is connected to the ground surface of the second substrate body 105. One end of the second feed connection line 1071 is connected to the feed point of the second element 12 , and the other end is connected to the second feed line 17 of the second substrate body 105 .

[0069] In the above-described design, the primary function of the first substrate body 104 on which the first element 11 and the second element 12 are located is to emit or receive radio signals. Therefore, the first element may also be referred to as a first radiator, the second element may also be referred to as a second radiator, and the first substrate body 104 may also be referred to as a radiating substrate. The primary function of the first feed line 16 and the second feed line 17 is to feed the first element 11 and the second element 12 on the first substrate body 104. Therefore, the first feed line 16 and the second feed line 17 may also be referred to as a feed network.

[0070] In addition, in practical applications, the first substrate body 104, the second substrate body 105, the third substrate body 106, and the fourth substrate body 107 may be printed circuit boards or flexible printed circuit boards (FPCs), which is not limited in the present application.

[0071] Additionally, in another example, the antenna 10 may alternatively be a laminated multi-layer substrate, which is not described herein.

[0072] In addition, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, an embodiment provided in the present application further provides an isolation effect diagram and a directivity diagram of the antenna 10 shown in FIG.

[0073] Specifically, in FIG. 12 , the abscissa represents frequency in GHz, and the ordinate represents isolation in dB. The operating frequency band of the antenna 10 is 1.8 GHz (1710 MHz to 1880 MHz), and the isolation between the first element 11 and the second element 12 is shown in FIG. 12 . It can be seen that within the operating frequency band range (1710 MHz to 1880 MHz), the isolation is greater than 26 dB. In the industry, the isolation between two elements generally requires greater than 15 dB. It can be seen that the antenna 10 provided in this embodiment of the present application has good isolation between the first element 11 and the second element 12.

[0074] In addition, Figure 13 shows a horizontal radiation pattern of the first element 11. From Figure 13, it can be clearly seen that the non-circularity (max-min) of the radiation pattern of the first element 11 on the horizontal plane is less than 6 dB, and the first element 11 has good radiation omnidirectionality. Therefore, the operational performance of the antenna 10 can be ensured.

[0075] Optionally, in the example provided in this application, the first element 11 and the second element 12 are essentially the same, and the characteristics of the directional patterns of the first element 11 and the second element 12 are essentially the same. Therefore, please refer to the figure for the non-circularity of the directional pattern of the second element 12 on the horizontal plane. The details will not be described again in this specification.

[0076] In the above example, the first parasitic structure 14, the second parasitic structure 15, and the third parasitic structure 18 may each be a U-shaped structure. The parasitic structures may be formed by bending a line body of copper or another conductive material, or by processing a layer structure of copper or another conductive material using an etching process. The specific manufacturing process of the parasitic structures is not limited in this application.

[0077] The arrangement direction of the parasitic structure of the U-shaped structure can be flexibly adjusted based on requirements.

[0078] For example, as shown in Figures 9 and 14, a first parasitic structure 14 and a second parasitic structure 15 are used as an example. In Figure 9, the open side of the first parasitic structure 14 may be away from the decoupling stub 13, and the open side of the second parasitic structure 15 may be away from the decoupling stub 13. In Figure 14, the open side of the first parasitic structure 14 may face the decoupling stub 13, and the open side of the second parasitic structure 15 may face the decoupling stub 13.

[0079] Additionally, it should be noted that the U-shape may alternatively be an approximate shape and is not limited to a strict U-shape.

[0080] For example, the first parasitic structure 14 shown in Figure 15 is used as an example. The shape of the first parasitic structure 14 shown in Figure 15 is a U-shape in the strict sense.

[0081] In addition, as shown in FIG. 16, in another example provided in the present application, two opposing extension arms of the first parasitic structure 14 may have a portion 141 and a portion 142 adjacent to each other.

[0082] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 17, in another example provided in the present application, the closed end of the first parasitic structure 14 may converge in a step-like manner.

[0083] Indeed, in another example, the first parasitic structure 14, the second parasitic structure 15, and the third parasitic structure 18 may alternatively have other shapes, which will not be described in detail herein.

[0084] Additionally, in practical applications, each parasitic structure may alternatively include one U-shaped structure, or may include two, three, or even more U-shaped structures.

[0085] For example, as shown in Figures 18 and 19, a first parasitic structure 14 is used as an example. The first parasitic structure 14 may include two parasitic bodies, namely, parasitic body 14a and parasitic body 14b, both of which are U-shaped structures.

[0086] In FIG. 18, the parasites 14a and 14b are spaced apart from each other, the extension arms of the parasites 14a and 14b are parallel to each other, and the openings of the parasites 14a and 14b are in opposite directions.

[0087] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 19, in another example provided in the present application, parasites 14a and 14b are arranged crosswise, the extension arms of parasites 14a and 14b are parallel to each other, and the opening directions of parasites 14a and 14b are opposite.

[0088] In addition, as shown in Figures 20 and 21, the first parasitic structure 14 may include three parasitic bodies, namely, parasitic body 14a, parasitic body 14b, and parasitic body 14c, all of which are U-shaped structures.

[0089] In FIG. 20, parasites 14a, 14b, and 14c are spaced apart in order, the extension arms of parasites 14a, 14b, and 14c are parallel to each other, the openings of parasites 14a and 14b are in opposite directions, and the openings of parasites 14a and 14c are in the same direction.

[0090] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 21, in another example provided in the present application, parasites 14a and 14c are spaced apart from each other, and parasites 14b, 14a, and 14c are arranged crosswise.

[0091] It can be understood that in practical applications, the number, size and position layout of the parasitic elements included in the parasitic structure can be flexibly adjusted based on practical requirements, which will not be described in detail in this specification.

[0092] Additionally, in practical applications, the antenna 10 may be used in an indoor small base station, a router, a ceiling AP, a surveillance device, a vehicle network device, or another type of communication device.

[0093] 22 , a communication device 20 provided in an embodiment of the present application may include a baseband unit 21, a wireless hub 22, and multiple antennas 10 (four antennas are shown in FIG. 22 ). The baseband unit 21 is connected to the wireless hub 22, and the multiple antennas 10 are all connected to the wireless hub 22. The wireless hub 22 may be configured to receive downlink baseband data transmitted by the baseband unit 21, transmit the downlink baseband data to different antennas 10 after division processing, and / or perform combination processing on the uplink baseband data of the different antennas 10, and transmit the processed data to the baseband unit 21 to communicate with the baseband unit 21.

[0094] 23, during a specific arrangement, the communication device 20 includes four antennas, which may be located at the four corners of the communication device 20, respectively, to ensure that there is a sufficient distance between two adjacent antennas so as to reduce coupling between the adjacent antennas. This helps to ensure the performance of the communication device 20. Each antenna has two ports, and the four antennas have a total of eight antenna ports, thus forming an 8T (channel) antenna system.

[0095] In addition, during certain implementations, the communication device may further include a conventional single-port antenna. For example, as shown in FIG. 24, the dual-port antenna in the figure is the antenna 10 provided in this embodiment of the present application, and the single-port antenna is a conventional antenna including only one element in the industry. Each dual-port antenna has two ports, and four dual-port antennas have a total of eight antenna ports. In addition, each single-port antenna has one port, and four single-port antennas have a total of four antenna ports. Therefore, four dual-port antennas and four single-port antennas can form a 12T antenna system.

[0096] During certain deployments, the single-port antenna may be located between the dual-port antennas, so that the communication capacity of the communication device 20 can be effectively improved and the size of the communication device 20 is not significantly increased.

[0097] Certainly, in a particular application, the number, type, and position layout of antennas included in the communication device 20 may be correspondingly adjusted based on actual requirements, which are not limited in this application.

[0098] The above description is merely a specific implementation form of the present application, but is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any variations or replacements that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0099] 10 Antennas 11 First element 12 Second element 13 Decoupling stub 14 First parasitic structure 14a, 14b, 14c Parasites 15 Second parasitic structure 16 1st feeder line 17 2nd feeder line 18 Third parasitic structure 20. Communication Devices 21 Baseband Unit 22 Wireless HUB 101 First Gap 102 Second Gap 103 Third Gap 104 First substrate body 105 Second board body 106 Third board body 107 4th board body 111 First feeding point 112 1st grounding point 121 Second feeding point 122 2nd grounding point 131 1st end 132 2nd end 141, 142 parts 1061 First power supply connection line 1062 2nd ground wire 1071 Second power supply connection line 1072 2nd ground wire A 1st corner B 2nd corner d1 Width size of the first gap 101 d2 Width size of the second gap 102 I0 initial coupling current I1, I2, I3 decoupling currents L Maximum axis M1 1st area M2 2nd area N1, N2 lateral segments

Claims

1. an antenna comprising a first element and a second element, further comprising a decoupling stub, a first parasitic structure, and a second parasitic structure; a first end of the decoupling stub connected to the first element and a second end of the decoupling stub connected to the second element; a first gap between the decoupling stub and the first element, and a second gap between the decoupling stub and the second element; the first parasitic structure is disposed in the first gap, and the second parasitic structure is disposed in the second gap. antenna.

2. The length of the decoupling stub is 0.1λ to 0.4λ, and the width of the decoupling stub is 0.2 mm to 4 mm; λ is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency within the relative operating frequency band range of the antenna; 10. The antenna of claim 1.

3. the first gap or the second gap has a width of 0.01λ to 0.15λ; λ is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency within the relative operating frequency band range of the antenna; 3. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2.

4. 4. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the first parasitic structure comprises at least one U-shaped parasitic body and the second parasitic structure comprises at least one U-shaped parasitic body.

5. the first element and the second element are positioned to have a rectangular outline, the first element is positioned at a first corner of the rectangular outline, the second element is positioned at a second corner of the rectangular outline, and the first corner and the second corner are diagonally opposite each other; the first element has a first feed point, the first feed point is located in a first region of the first element, the first region is a region of a circle whose center is the first corner and whose diameter is the largest axis of the first element; the second element has a second feed point, the second feed point is located in a second region of the second element, the second region is a region of a circle whose center is the second corner and whose diameter is the maximum axis of the second element; 5. An antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. the first element and the second element are positioned to have a rectangular outline, the first element is positioned at a first corner of the rectangular outline, the second element is positioned at a second corner of the rectangular outline, and the first corner and the second corner are diagonally opposite each other; the first element has a first ground point, the first ground point is located in a first region of the first element, the first region is a region of a circle whose center is the first corner and whose diameter is the largest axis of the first element; the second element has a second ground point, the second ground point is located in a second region of the second element, the second region is a region of a circle whose center is the second corner and whose diameter is the maximum axis of the second element; 6. An antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. the antenna further comprises a first feed line, a second feed line, and a third parasitic structure; the first feed line is connected to the first element for power supply, the second feed line is connected to the second element for power supply, and a third gap is present between the first feed line and the second feed line; the third parasitic structure is located in the third gap; 7. An antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The antenna of claim 7 , wherein the third parasitic structure includes at least one U-shaped parasitic body.

9. the antenna comprises a first substrate body, a second substrate body, a third substrate body, and a fourth substrate body, the first substrate body and the second substrate body being spaced apart in parallel, and the third substrate body and the fourth substrate body being connected between the first substrate body and the second substrate body; the first element, the second element, the decoupling stub, the first parasitic structure, and the second parasitic structure are all located on the first substrate body; the first feed line, the second feed line, and the third parasitic structure are all located on the second substrate body; the third substrate body has a first power supply connection line, one end of the first power supply connection line is connected to the first power supply line, and the other end of the first power supply connection line is connected to the first element; the fourth substrate body has a second power feed connection line, one end of the second power feed connection line is connected to the second power feed line, and the other end of the second power feed connection line is connected to the second element; 9. An antenna according to claim 7 or 8.

10. A communication device comprising a baseband unit, a wireless hub, and one or more antennas according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the baseband unit is connected to the wireless hub, and all of the plurality of antennas are connected to the wireless hub.

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