Capsules for preparing beverages suitable for consumption using extractable products

Abstract

A capsule (1) for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage suitable for consumption using an extractable product (2), such as ground coffee, comprising first and second capsule halves (3, 4), each half capsule (3, 4) having a thin capsule wall (5, 6) integrally forming a first thin-walled portion (7, 8) defining a substantially hemispherical internal half-chamber (9, 10), the capsule wall (5, 6) forming, near its largest dimension (D), a second thin-walled portion (11, 12) integrally with the first thin-walled portion (7, 8) that bends to form annular flanges (13, 14), the two capsule halves (3, 4) facing each other and arranged as mirror images of each other so as to be in contact with at least a portion of the annular flanges (13, 14) that join together.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention belongs to the general technical field of disposable capsules for preparing beverages, preferably, but not exclusively, coffee, in which the product to be infused is placed in a packaging that acts as an infusion chamber and is maintained in the packaging during use, or is dissolved if it is a soluble extract.

[0002] More particularly, it relates to the technical field of capsules intended to be pierced to allow the injection of a fluid, for example pressurized water, into said capsule, and also to the technical field of methods for allowing the injection of said capsules. [Background technology]

[0003] Disposable pods and capsules are well known from the prior art and are described, for example, in WO 2004 / 006740 (SEB), WO 94 / 01344 (Nestlé), US 2004 / 0197444 (Kraft Foods), U.S. Pat. No. 5,012,629 (Kraft Foods), WO 2004 / 087529 (Hausbrandt), EP 1,221,418 (Melitta Haushaltsprodukte), EP 1,295,554 (SGL Italia), and EP 0,583,210 (Fornari).

[0004] French Patent Application No. 2,879,175 (Luciani) shows a capsule with a packaging pouch that functions as an injection chamber. In a different way, the capsule is used only to carry a predetermined amount of substance to be injected into the machine's own injection chamber. If the pod is equipped with a packaging casing, it serves only to protect the substance to be injected and must be removed before removing the pod.

[0005] A sealed capsule adapted to be opened by the pressure of the injected water is particularly advantageous as it allows to obtain a high quality beverage.

[0006] In particular, capsules intended to be used in machines for automatically preparing beverages are known from EP 0 554 469 (Nestlé), said capsules being formed by a compressed agglomerate of the substance to be injected contained within a packaging casing that is impermeable to air and water and has the shape of a truncated cone.

[0007] In addition to hygiene reasons, the use of a packaging casing that is impermeable to air and water offers the advantage that the capsules can be stored for relatively long periods without deterioration of the taste and aroma of the beverage.

[0008] Furthermore, the infusion of the beverage may take place directly in the capsule, with the packaging casing acting as the infusion chamber.

[0009] A further feature of the capsule is that the packaging casing is configured to burst when pressurized water is injected into the capsule, the packaging casing only bursting at a weakened zone provided at the base of the frusto-cone.

[0010] Due to its shape and design, the capsule must be placed in a specific position within the dosing chamber of the brewing machine.

[0011] In fact, the injection is carried out by means of a perforating device configured to perforate the top of the truncated cone and inject pressurized water: under the effect of pressure, a weakened zone located at the base of the truncated cone bursts and the water is injected through the capsule towards a tube intended to collect the injected substance and convey it to a container such as a cup.

[0012] One drawback of this type of capsule is that it must be positioned so that the top of the truncated cone is on the opposite side of the perforation device and the weakened zone at the base of the truncated cone is on the opposite side of the tube for retrieving the injected substance; a different arrangement exposes the machine to the risk of damage.

[0013] It is therefore necessary to provide a means for placing the capsules in the dosing chamber. The design of the machine becomes complicated and it is not possible to provide a machine with a tank in which the capsules are stored in bulk and automatically transported to the dosing chamber.

[0014] WO 2021 / 205269 discloses a pod made of compostable material for packaging food products, comprising a coffee-based granular material and at least one binder selected from methylcellulose, methylcellulose derivatives, and mixtures thereof, the pod having a lenticular shape and a symmetrical shape relative to the joining plane of the two body parts.

[0015] WO 2011 / 000724 discloses a capsule or lenticular pod having two walls interconnected by a joint along a transverse midplane. The joint is made by sealing the peripheral portions of each wall. A similar solution is known from FR 2912124, WO 0228241, FR 2930522, EP 2750563, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,766.

[0016] WO 02058522 discloses a cartridge comprising a cartridge inlet, a chamber connected to the cartridge inlet for containing a suitable material containing a flavoring or particles, a cartridge outlet connected to the chamber, and a handle for allowing a user to connect and secure the cartridge inlet to a support via the cartridge outlet to allow dispensing pressurized liquid through the flavoring or particle-containing material into the chamber and directly to a receptacle such as a cup or jug ​​for consumption. The handle comprises at least a portion of a rigid chamber wall. The cartridge inlet has a cross-sectional area significantly smaller than that of the chamber to reduce the force exerted by the liquid pressure at the cartridge inlet. The cartridge outlet has a narrow opening as an orifice to form a high-velocity jet or stream of fluid, and has the potential to interact with air to generate bubbles in the dispensed fluid.

[0017] EP 2106375 discloses a capsule that can be used at any position in a machine for automatically preparing and dispensing beverages, the machine being equipped with a device for piercing the capsule's casing and injecting pressurized water into the capsule. One feature of the capsule is that it does not require pre-positioning of the injection chamber of the machine. The capsule is to be used in a machine for automatically preparing and dispensing beverages and is formed by a compressed agglomerate of the substance to be injected, enclosed in an airtight and watertight adjusting casing, so that injection may take place within the capsule. The adjusting casing has an essentially spherical outer shape and is adapted to be pierced at virtually any part of its surface when water is injected into the capsule. Similar solutions are known from patent applications FR 2 879 175, DE 29 811 729, FR 1 305 737, EP 2 575 490, EP 2 598 417, US 1 931 765, EP 3 501 345 and FR 3 047 159.

[0018] Although satisfactory from some points of view, the known solutions leave many needs unmet: in particular, there is a need for capsules that deliver a single dose with an optimal ratio of exterior surface (packaging casing) to content (ingredients that form the beverage), while allowing good penetration of the fluid into the ingredients to form the beverage. Summary of the Invention

[0019] It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and to have a capsule that minimizes the use of packaging material to form a beverage, while allowing for a maximum volume of material to form the beverage, and in particular allowing for improved penetration of fluids into the ingredients.

[0020] This and other objects are achieved by a capsule according to claim 1, a system for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage using an extractable product according to claim 21, a method for extracting a beverage from a capsule and assembly as claimed in claim 23, a method for disposing of used extractable product according to claim 29, and a method for extracting extractable product from a capsule according to claim 30.

[0021] Some advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0022] In short, the present invention may be summarized as providing a capsule for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage suitable for consumption using an ingredient, i.e., an extractable product such as ground coffee, comprising first and second half capsules, each half capsule having a thin capsule wall. The thin capsule walls integrally form a first thin-walled portion defining a substantially hemispherical internal half chamber. The two half capsules are arranged opposite and mirror-image to each other, such that they are in contact with at least a second portion where they are joined together. The first thin-walled portions have substantially the same volumetric contour. The mirror-image first thin-walled portions substantially define a contour having a substantially overall spherical volume with a truncated pole.

[0023] The general embodiments and variations described above and further below allow the following advantages to be obtained.

[0024] The proposed solution, i.e., a spherical capsule with a substantially truncated pole, e.g., a capsule with two poles of a north-south pole type that are substantially flat or slightly concave, allows for a spherical shape used for single-dose beverages such as coffee, with an optimal ratio between the outer surface (packaging casing) and the content volume (the ingredients that form the beverage), while at the same time improving fluid penetration into the ingredients that form the beverage. In particular, the use of spherically compressed contents optimizes this ratio and minimizes the amount of material used in packaging the single-dose. This reduces the environmental impact and ensures high beverage quality standards. The spherically compressed contents with a truncated pole also reduce the ratio of entrapped air / gas to the solid content, improving the shelf life of the single-dose and limiting waste. Furthermore, the solid content contributes to the mechanical resistance of the single-dose during packaging, transportation, and use. This mechanical resistance, along with the oxygen and humidity barrier of the casing, allows for the use of a second lightweight packaging, such as paper or cardboard, further reducing the environmental impact, raw material, and energy use.

[0025] Spherical capsules with truncated ends and compressed contents (ingredients) tightly adhered to the inner wall are the optimal solution for ensuring the integrity of the panel. The term "panel" is understood to mean ingredients formed by granules, powders, or similar mixtures, or compressed extractable products, which preferably remain in this shape until use. The use of spherical capsules with truncated ends prevents cracking of the panel, which may impair the effectiveness of the extraction (preferential flow path of the extraction fluid), and ensures a quality infiltration. In contrast, packages in which the contents are arranged in an elongated shape, such as a cone or cylinder, may remain mobile or may adversely affect the hydraulic resistance, which is important for pressurization during infiltration.

[0026] The degree of resistance of a solid porous panel to hot or cold water, contributing to its pressure for good penetration, depends on several factors, including the amount and degree of compaction of the ingredient or mixture, the length and tortuosity of the path of the water through the panel, the uniformity and distribution of the particles, the initial penetration of the water, the duration of "wet out" (diffusion of water into the ingredients, which promotes expansion of the panel in the enclosed chamber), the contact time of the water flow with the particles for absorption of fragrances and solubles, the consistency and distribution of the water flow on the panel, the adhesion of the ingredients to the inner wall of the panel, the water temperature, and the presence of CO2 to form bubbles.

[0027] All such variables affect the pressure exerted on the panel and, as a result, determine the quality of the resulting beverage.

[0028] The cylindrical shape is the most commonly used shape for porous panels for brewing or dissolving beverages because it allows for a constant and controlled passage of water through the porous panel regardless of its position relative to the central axis of flow, as long as the panel has uniform porosity, uniform distribution of water, and constant flow under static pressure conditions.

[0029] In the most common systems for beverage preparation by pressurized extraction with hot or cold water, which typically use positive displacement piston pumps, it is difficult to obtain a constant flow, static pressure, and uniform distribution of water on the porous panel. This results in a more concentrated flow in the center, to the detriment of the peripheral zones of the panel, which are not optimally extracted. Furthermore, this lack of uniformity of penetration may increase the risk of preferential pathways forming in the central zone and material loss, especially if the porous panel has already been damaged by transportation or handling prior to use.

[0030] The spherical shape with a truncated pole in the middle provides a longer, more tortuous path through the panel that gradually shortens as it moves away from the central axis of the flow. This means that water penetrating into the peripheral zones experiences less hydraulic resistance, and therefore the components in the peripheral areas also balance out their Gaussian distribution, allowing for more efficient extraction. The spherical shape with a truncated pole allows:

[0031] The water, or nevertheless the extracting fluid, is well dispersed and penetrates further throughout the hemisphere;

[0032] The porous panel adheres correctly to the exterior wall during expansion;

[0033] The extract may readily flow to an outlet area that is central or eccentric relative to the central axis.

[0034] In summary, during infiltration, a spherical shape with truncated poles containing porous components with uniform permeability may ensure highly efficient infiltration by reducing the amount of central flow and promoting a more uniform distribution, as well as the infiltration of peripheral zones.

[0035] The spherical shape and truncated poles cause the flow to initially separate (contacting the components to be infiltrated) but then re-close at the ends where the components are more dense and compressed (and more occluded).

[0036] This means that the flow begins to slow down when it encounters the components, but then accelerates again in the exit zone where the components are denser and more compressed.

[0037] This effect on flow may be understood by considering the cross section of the flow through a porous medium, which is caused by the lateral diameter of the passage, which is equal to the volume of the pipe available for flow.

[0038] The flow deceleration and acceleration effect is used in many systems, such as hydraulic systems, ejectors, sprinklers, and venturi valves, and in coffee infusion, the effect may also be used to advantage in the quality of the infusion.

[0039] The gradually widening cross section facilitates water distribution at the inlet surface without the need for gaps for diffusion, while the gradually narrowing cross section further compresses the granules in the lower zone, which are being pushed by the water pressure at the top. This compression is then supported by the surrounding extraction chamber, which provides the necessary resistance.

[0040] When viewed from the side, the lower layer of the porous panel also offers a smaller hydraulic resistance than the upper layer, which means that as water gradually passes through the porous panel, the resistance decreases and therefore the pressure decreases as a result of its reduced resistance thickness. In order to efficiently extract the lower layer of the panel as well, the wedge effect counters this reduced resistance and takes advantage of the movement of the fine granules towards the outlet to compress the granules, making the flow path more tortuous and counteracting the flow acceleration due to the narrowing of the cross section.

[0041] The auto-wedge effect compression of the lower hemisphere provides greater resistance to the lower layers, allowing for maximum utilization of these constituent layers. Additionally, there is a potential "self-healing" effect of possible preferred paths caused by panel failure or particle migration. In practice, auto-compression occurs during infiltration under pressure.

[0042] Those skilled in the art know that the movement of fine powders or granules during packaging, shipping, and handling can adversely affect the infusion quality of beverages. These smaller, lighter particles tend to move more easily, resulting in a lack of uniformity in the distribution of the granule mixture. This can lead to problems such as blockage of filters or narrow passages by the fine granules, causing increased water pressure and reduced infusion flow. However, the presence of fine granules is also crucial for achieving good quality infusion and proper foam formation. Therefore, it is essential to find the right balance between the presence of fine granules and the potential for problems, ensuring that they are properly supported and fixed by the mesh of larger granules / particles than the compressed granules / particles in the packaging and supported without collapsing in the brewing chamber. If the fine granules move excessively, the brewing pressure may increase excessively, causing a decrease in flow, which may result in over-extraction. The spherical shape of the compressed components contributes to the blockage of the fine granules in the upper zone of the porous panel.

[0043] The two-hemisphere shape with truncated poles is ideal for easy deep drawing, especially with very thin laminated materials like metallic materials, e.g., aluminum layers, and provides complete protection from oxygen and humidity. Shapes with a depth / diameter ratio of less than 0.5 and progressive shapes are also suitable for forming semi-finished products or other materials, such as cellulose-based multilayers, paper, polymers, metals, or combinations thereof. Such shapes are ideal for preserving foods sensitive to deterioration, such as coffee, ensuring a longer shelf life (reduced waste due to expiration or deterioration, and minimal surface contact with the outside).

[0044] The hemispherical shape with truncated poles has an optimal ratio of cavity depth to diameter, making it suitable for deep drawing, and its progressive shape makes deep drawing less critical for very thin materials. Furthermore, the shape is suitable to be made from stiffer alloys containing a higher percentage of recycled material for more sustainable situations and technical efficiency.

[0045] The spherical shape with truncated poles is designed to be easily extruded from the machine's brewing chamber, which is similarly shaped but separated by a symmetrical midplane. This allows the capsule to be loaded and ejected while maintaining a shape closer to the adjacent spherical shape. The progressive spherical shape also facilitates ejection at ejection angles greater than 6 degrees.

[0046] The spherical shape with truncated poles may be inserted into the brewing system in both directions (reversing the polarity of NS or SN) without affecting the final result of the brewed beverage, which means that the user does not need to worry about how to insert the capsule into the machine.

[0047] According to an alternative embodiment, a spherical shape with a truncated pole allows for the possibility of obtaining different brew results based on the insertion direction relative to its plane of symmetry. This means that a user may obtain different beverages simply by placing the capsule in different positions in the machine. This ability to obtain different results without changing the user interface of the machine is a key advantage of a spherical shape with a truncated pole, with a plane of symmetry in the center of the capsule.

[0048] The spherical shape with truncated poles is a simple shape that is easily recognizable, archetypal, symbolic, and iconic, with historical correlation to the concept of Easy Serving Espresso, which later became a popular standard.

[0049] The truncated portion may be made slightly concave to provide support for the coffee with a "spring effect" or to allow gases to escape from the coffee within the package - this is just one example of possible performance variations.

[0050] In the following, the terms "half capsule" or "half shell" are used interchangeably.

[0051] A further structural variant of the capsule, in which the capsule is composed of two identical half shells or half capsules arranged opposite each other and mirror-imaged to each other, allows for symmetry of the capsule with respect to the plane of symmetry and therefore greater ease of use for the user.

[0052] This feature simplifies the production process for manufacturing capsule casings by allowing the use of only one mold and / or one production process for both the upper and lower half shells, along with, for example, lower costs, simplified logistics, and reduced waste.

[0053] Capsules consisting of two mirror-image half capsules or half shells have a uniform barrier effect against oxygen and humidity along the entire perimeter. Unlike truncated cone-shaped capsules, which have a film that acts as a thin cover for functional needs, there are no uneven thicknesses, porosity from microscopic holes, or weakened zones due to thin walls. In the case of a spherical shape with a truncated pole, there is no expansion or leakage through microscopic porosity or defective zones, and the risk of leakage and outgassing under adverse conditions (such as internal CO2 / N2 pressure or low external pressure during air transport) is minimal. This contributes to an extended shelf life, reduced waste and rejects, and increased perceived reliability and quality.

[0054] The mirror image contours allow visual discrimination and intuitive reading by potential users, both symmetrical and inverted.

[0055] A capsule shape with truncated poles, which in some embodiments is flat, can have several advantages.

[0056] The spherical shape with truncated poles allows the capsule to lie flat and stable on a support surface and prevents it from rolling, a feature that is useful during production, shipping, packaging, handling, package opening, and actual use, improving presentation to the user.

[0057] The spherical shape with truncated poles of the capsules allows them to be neatly stacked, saving space in, for example, secondary packaging, which contributes to optimizing space utilization, reducing weight, material and voids, and preserving the integrity of the capsules from external shocks or drops.

[0058] The flat shape of the truncated pole of the capsule makes the piercing process easier and more controlled using a perforator or perforation device for injecting fluid into the capsule that is inserted transversely to the plane of the truncated pole, allowing pressure to be applied perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the wall that must be pierced, thus improving the ease of opening.

[0059] By perforating one of the truncated ends of the capsule, the capsule has a small central inlet and outlet opening, reducing contact with the brewing chamber. Contact residues (low levels of cross-contamination) are low, and the temperature influence within the chamber during infusion (first or second consecutive beverage brewing) is even less. Cross-contamination effects are particularly noticeable with ingredients that leave a distinct sensory profile (e.g., ginseng or barley) or are highly susceptible to deterioration as a result of oxidation, such as rancid coffee. Particularly in the outlet zone, it is advantageous to limit contact with systems that contain and convey the outward flow. Therefore, ideally, minimal contact with the machine at the outlet is desired.

[0060] According to one embodiment, the capsule is pierced at the inlet by a central piercer, which may comprise one or more knives, tubes, or cannulas, which may rotate about a central axis in the direction of flow.

[0061] During extraction of the beverage, the perforator, or opening device for the extract expelled from the capsule, tears the flat exit zone, i.e., the truncated pole, of the capsule, which deforms outward under pressure. The perforator is a fixed part of the extraction chamber, resting and positioned on the capsule, but according to one embodiment, is positioned without perforating the capsule during the chamber closing process. During extraction, the flat zone of the truncated pole of the capsule around the perforator is unsupported and therefore collapses downwards towards the sharp edge of the perforator, thereby creating an opening in the outer wall of the capsule where the water pressure is applied. The filter inside the capsule expands but does not break due to its greater deformability and the specific shape of the perforator.

[0062] The filter allows the extract to pass through the formed openings while maintaining its ability to retain solid particles. Only the heads of the perforators are sharp and not too deep, limiting uncontrolled damage to the outer wall by tearing only a small hole and ensuring adequate support against external hydraulic stresses.

[0063] The shape and performance of the perforators may vary, but it is preferable to use simple perforators that create small openings in the outer wall by shear stress rather than tensile stress, providing adequate support to the filter above and ensuring a reliable path for the flow to exit.

[0064] According to one embodiment, for beverages where it is not desirable to create excessive pressure during extraction, such as American coffee where no foam is required, or "drip" type coffee, a spherical capsule with a truncated pole increases in size by moving the flat zone further away from the capsule center, but maintains the same spherical capsule diameter, which allows for piercing the capsule outlet when closing the chamber, prior to the extraction process, due to the greater overlap between the truncated pole and the inlet and outlet perforators.

[0065] To avoid generating excessive pressure during extraction of the beverage, it is alternatively possible to weaken the capsule wall at one or both truncated poles, reducing the pressure required to tear the capsule. This method allows the use of a single perforator and a single capsule size, thus simplifying the production process.

[0066] The flat truncated portion of the capsule has the thinnest thickness after deep drawing, which may be further weakened with a logo or another element. This weakened area is used to tear, allowing water to be introduced in a controlled manner and the extract to be expelled from the capsule. The customization with a raised logo obtained by local embossing may be modified depending on the depth penetrated by a dowel punch. The greater the depth, the easier the capsule is to open, minimizing the pressure required for opening. Furthermore, the final passage of the extract should not create any additional resistance using the unique shape of the perforator to minimize the formation of bubbles.

[0067] Further structural variants of the capsule, for example, in which the capsule comprises an annular flange in the equatorial zone with a planar contact zone (head) for joining the opposing half capsules, make it possible to obtain a heat-pressure seal between the two half capsules or half shells, ensuring a solid joint that is airtight and able to withstand mechanical stresses during handling processes as well as internal / external pressure differences in the various environments of packaging, storage, transport and handling before use.

[0068] Flat-to-flat sealing by heat sealing is a preferred and proven solution for mass production, for example. However, the possibility of using other joining techniques, such as ultrasonic / induction sealing, crimping with wax / adhesive gluing, or adhesive sealing, is not excluded. This flexibility does not have a significant effect on the machine's support system or brewing chamber. It is therefore a reliable and flexible solution in terms of development and production, compatible with other shapes and materials to be applied in the future as they evolve.

[0069] The flange, as defined, is protruding and is an important element in the handling of the capsule, as it helps to avoid contact with the zone intended to come into contact with the beverage liquid (for hygiene reasons), and is also easy to grip, helping to avoid excessive compression of the spherical zone, which contributes to the reliability of the infusion process and the correct behavior of the capsule during dispensing.

[0070] The flange provides a stiffening element, dimensional stability, and easy handling during production and assembly of the capsule.

[0071] According to a general embodiment, a capsule for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage suitable for consumption using an extractable product, such as ground coffee, comprises first and second capsule halves. Each capsule halves comprises a thin capsule wall integrally forming a first thin-walled portion defining a substantially hemispherical interior half-chamber. The capsule wall forms a second thin-walled portion near its larger dimension and integrally with the first thin-walled portion, bending to form an annular flange. The two capsule halves are opposed to each other, arranged as mirror images of each other, and joined to each other. At least one of the annular flanges of the half capsules comprises a free flange edge forming a flange ring, the flange ring having an overall ring thickness greater than the thickness of the portion of the annular flange arranged in contact with the adjacent capsule halves.

[0072] Embodiments including flange rings, such as curls, can provide several advantages, including those listed below: The outer curls, for example, maintain a suitable distance to prevent capsules from sticking together when stacked on top of each other (stacking spacers), facilitate transportation and temporary storage (neat stacking is useful for efficient use of space / packaging before half capsule production), and allow efficient industrial handling with different robot positioning and transportation during production. The outer protruding edges are useful for preventing sticking and rubbing when stacking capsules and function as spacers to facilitate controlled separation. Furthermore, convenient holes or seats provide mechanical support for positioning half capsules on conveyor belts and for allowing assembled capsules to be gripped during packaging operations without touching or crushing the bulbs.

[0073] In the case of deep drawing technology, which is the most suitable solution for single-dose capsules made of sheets or very thin layers of metal, the flange is an element that becomes very useful. The curl placed on the free end of the flange also allows to hide irregularities and wavy edges caused by the deep drawing process.

[0074] The equatorial flange is important in understanding how to insert the capsule into a correspondingly shaped seat or support. Furthermore, it provides the possibility to create multiple capsule shapes or profiles or to differentiate between different types of capsules without increasing the number of production, assembly, or packaging lines. This has a significant impact on the investment in required industrial tooling and development time.

[0075] The flange further comprises a flat surface that is to make a seal with, for example, a resilient component in the brewing chamber.

[0076] During pressurization of the contents, the flat surfaces of the flanges that contact each other between the two opposing half capsules are compressed or clamped by a joint between two layers of varnish that adhere to a rigid support, preferably a metal sheet or cellulose-based paper, that is part of the brewing chamber. Regardless of whether water pressure acts only inside the capsule or outside the space between the casing and the receiving brewing chamber cavity, this rigid support is important for ensuring the desired pressure level during brewing, typically in the range of 0 to 22 bar, and preferably in the range of 7 to 18 bar. This optimal pressure on the coffee panel ensures a high-quality brew with a good balance of properties and sufficient foam. Clearly, a wider flange (joint) provides a stronger mechanical support, thus increasing resistance to opening, promoting an airtight seal, and preventing loss of the joint between the half capsules or complete separation.

[0077] The hydraulic pressure and forces generated by the expansion of the panel of granules / ground material compressed inside the capsule may cause significant stresses on the unit supporting the capsule, which may not be supported by the mechanical resistance of the thin capsule wall alone or its joints (crimping, thermocompression, sealing, adhesive or other).The flange therefore provides an additional support zone, which in turn leaves the brewing chamber openable in the plane of symmetry to allow its evacuation.

[0078] The edge of the capsule may be used as a reference point for ejection from the brewing chamber using, for example, a flexible element such as a compression spring, Belleville spring, or wave spring, or a lip seal, which, by compression, seals and, in the open state, opens and presses against the edge of the capsule for its ejection from the machine.

[0079] For capsules with predetermined inlets and outlets (or even if the inlets and outlets are not random), precise positioning is necessary. The flange, or joining edge, provides a visual / perceptual reference and grip to position the capsule in a predetermined way and prevents the spherical portion from being crushed.

[0080] The edges act as control and guide elements for controlled, directional movement in semi-automatic units, both in units with horizontal and in units with vertical closure axes.

[0081] The edges of the capsule prevent it from rolling long distances. When positioned with a protruding edge that contacts a surface, it may only move in a circular motion with a limited radius, avoiding leaving its original position. This feature may be useful in many situations, preventing the capsule from falling off surfaces such as worktops and kitchen surfaces.

[0082] The flange, or edge of the capsule, may or may not include a flange ring or curl. The flange ring serves as a useful element for neatness and fastening within a secondary package, such as a box. It also provides a grip for removing the capsule from the package. For randomly packed capsules, it may also provide a spacing function to protect them from damage or dents during the shipping process.

[0083] The annular flange is a useful element for opening the capsule after use, providing a support edge for lifting and easy handling (especially when still hot). Furthermore, the annular shape of the flange, due to its progressive draft angle, makes it easier to empty the capsule compared to a cylindrical shape, allowing for controlled separation of the used ingredients from the capsule. The outer edge may be used as a support point if special equipment is used to empty the capsule after use and separate the packaging from the used product.

[0084] The presence of the joining flange allows the sealing between the opposing flanges of the half capsule to be strong enough to withstand internal pressure caused by outgassing and external low pressure during air transport, ensuring a long shelf life. The flange allows only partial mechanical support during the dispensing process, limited to the periphery, to help open approximately half of the seal to allow the pressurized ingredients to expand upon dispensing. After use, the capsules may be opened and separated more easily due to the reduced resistance of the joint, which was partially opened by the pressure load during dispensing.

[0085] The edge, or flange, of the capsule provides a visible surface on both sides to identify the type of ingredient inside. This surface is quite large and allows for additional information to be inserted, such as text (e.g., sku, family), icons, pictograms or symbols (e.g., material group code, recycle code), numbers or dates (e.g., production date or expiration date), to aid in identification or to indicate how to open, discard or use the capsule after use. This information may also be present on the top surface of the cap or truncated pole, even when available space is limited, due to the desire to minimize the weight of the capsule for sustainability and cost reasons.

[0086] The flange may be colored to identify the type of ingredient or type of preparation. The identification may be performed by an electronic reading system present in the brewing machine or device preparing the product. The reading system may recognize the color from both a zone on the flange and a zone on the cap or top surface, thereby automating the preparation process without requiring any input from the user.

[0087] The capsule of the invention, in particular the provision of at least one flange ring, for example a curl, allows the following advantages to be obtained:

[0088] At least one curl or curls on the edge of the capsule flange are obtained, for example, from an aluminum sheet, e.g., directly during the deep-drawing process of the half capsules, due to the shape of the die. The curls serve to hide the inevitable irregularities (wavyness) of the edges caused by the deep-drawing process, thereby making the flange edges, and thus the capsule edges, uniform. Furthermore, the curls provide mechanical resistance and prevent the formation of sharp and easily deformable edges.

[0089] Flange rings, e.g., curls on the edges of capsules, allow differentiation between different capsule versions, e.g., home and professional, while maintaining the possibility of filling both capsules on the same production line and with the same dosage and compression. Differentiation is achieved by the placement of the curls (e.g., mirror-overlapping for home versions and side-by-side for professional versions), while maintaining the same joining width and zone as flat flange segments (thermocompression, gluing, crimping, or a combination thereof).

[0090] The curl on the edge of the capsule serves to maintain some distance between the half capsules or half shells, allowing them to be stacked close together without sticking together, which allows for robotic handling during assembly and filling, prevents surface abrasion, and reduces direct contact between the half capsules or half shells.

[0091] The installation of at least one filter provides the following advantages:

[0092] The filter, according to a possible embodiment of the invention, is obtained by cutting or punching from reels or sheets of material that is recyclable or compostable at both industrial and domestic levels, and is disc-shaped with a diameter greater than that of the capsule zone of the truncated pole.

[0093] In order to allow the sealing layer to be fixed to the inner zone of the half capsule or capsule half shell, in particular to the concave wall close to the truncated polar segment, the filter material, for example a spunlaid nonwoven / thermally bonded spunwoven / woven fabric, filter paper, cellulose, laminate, or meltblown needled filter fabric, may, according to one embodiment, but is not necessarily, provided with a sealing layer.

[0094] In one embodiment, the filter is sealed by heat sealing to the concave surface of a metal, e.g., aluminum, half shell at the maximum circumference of the filter disc. In one embodiment, the larger peripheral surface of the filter, even in the shape of a cap, forms lateral folds that may form umbrella-shaped channels. In one embodiment, the larger peripheral surface of the filter, even in the shape of a cap, forms lateral pleats that may form umbrella-shaped channels. In the water injection zone, these channels with fine passages create a shower effect, properly spreading water over the entire porous panel at the central inlet or over the incompressible soluble matter. Meanwhile, in the outlet half shell or half capsule, these channels are crushed, facilitating partial lifting of the filter from the inner surface of the shell and facilitating the discharge of the dispensed beverage.

[0095] According to the proposed embodiment, the filter partially restricts the desired and allowed expansion of the porous panel of the components to be extracted during the infiltration / permeation process, thereby avoiding the bypass effect, or flow around the porous panel, and promoting rapid and complete infiltration of the entire porous hemisphere.

[0096] According to the proposed embodiment, the same filter, which is also intact at the end of dispensing, may prevent the aspiration / transfer of solid particulate components or dissolved components in the circuit upstream of the capsule inlet, which may obstruct, block passages, contaminate / glue moving parts, e.g., the center of the solenoid valve, taint / significantly change the flavor of the subsequent extraction or infusion, or block or otherwise reversibly / irreversibly damage the system, forming residues and scale with fats or sugars.

[0097] According to the proposed embodiment, the filter in the coffee outlet half-shell prevents the escape / migration of solid particles or undissolved components in the capsule downstream circuit, which may obstruct and block the passageway, reversibly / irreversibly blocking or damaging the system.

[0098] The permeation kinetics obtained in any of the embodiments described above or below are described below.

[0099] According to one embodiment, perforation during extraction and coffee ejection are achieved. A method for preparing a coffee beverage using the aforementioned capsule containing ground roast coffee consists of inserting the capsule into an extraction unit, also referred to as an extraction device or extraction machine, or simply machine. The extraction unit consists of a capsule housing and a perforation device for the water inlet (perforation device for injecting water or a fluid into the capsule) and a perforation device for the coffee outlet (or opening device for extract to exit the capsule). The shape of the housing is shaped to accommodate and support the entire surface of the capsule, except for the truncated pole, which is not supported by the shape of the chamber but may deform concavely or convexly under pressure. A perforation element is positioned in the area of ​​the extraction unit facing the truncated pole of the capsule.

[0100] According to one embodiment, the opening of the water inlet zone occurs by perforation caused by the closure of the chamber, the perforation element remaining inside the capsule and penetrating the capsule throughout the entire extraction process.

[0101] According to one embodiment, pressurized hot water is injected through a capsule piercing element or laterally so that the water flows primarily inside the capsule and is delivered to a specific zone between the aluminum shell and the filter positioned at the top of the capsule in a zone limited only to the truncated pole.

[0102] The filter promotes and facilitates rapid and complete infiltration over the entire porous surface, also reaching the peripheral zones.

[0103] According to one embodiment, the permeation kinetics is based on how the internal water pressure opens the capsule (expanding against the integral perforation element). As the capsule is initially closed at the coffee exit zone, the water spreads throughout the porous coffee panel and also to the surrounding zones, creating a very effective impregnation / wetting due to the extensive diffusion of water and the repair of any tears in the porous panel caused by external impacts. Furthermore, the process causes the expansion of the ingredients and the expected formation of bubbles due to the absorption of aromatic gases, mainly CO2.

[0104] The process is carried out by opening the capsule during extraction against a central perforator or opening device, through which the extract leaves the capsule. The pressure inside the capsule, which reaches a high level (5-12 bar) after the introduction of water, causes the outer capsule wall to deform and expand in the zone of the truncated pole located at the outlet, due to the lack of support from the walls of the extraction chamber.

[0105] The expansion is controlled by sized perforations that cause partial breakage and controlled opening of the capsule, which allows the coffee to escape after wetting.

[0106] According to one embodiment, the piercing element has openings, channels, or passages that allow the extract to pass through. The piercing element does not filter the contents of the capsule, but only serves to open the outer barrier wall of the capsule in a controlled manner, avoiding excessive tearing and supporting the application and deformation of the filter and ingredients. The piercing support allows the capsule to hold the inner filter and ingredients together, preventing them from collapsing.

[0107] According to one embodiment, the machine is provided with internal filters fixed to the upper and lower half shells near the truncated poles: the filter positioned in the upper half shell prevents particulates from rising / being sucked into the water injection zone, while the filter positioned in the lower half shell prevents ground coffee from being expelled into the cup.

[0108] According to one embodiment, the flow of coffee depends on the particle size of the ground coffee contained in the capsule, especially the proportion of fine particles. Other factors that affect the flow include dosage, temperature, humidity, pump, freshness, resistance of the porous panel, filter, and passageway.

[0109] According to one embodiment, the perforation of the coffee outlet is carried out when the brewing unit or brewing device is closed. It is possible to perforate both the inlet and the outlet simultaneously while the brewing chamber is closed by changing the shape of the capsule, e.g., its spherical shape, by increasing the height of the half shells, or by reducing the pressure required for opening on the external perforator as described above. This opening method preferably avoids or limits foam formation, as in the case of American coffee (drip) or tea preparation with leaves, or the dissolution of soluble ingredients such as coffee, barley, ginseng, tea, cocoa, milk, etc.

[0110] In this situation, despite being a fixed part of the chamber, the piercing element interferes more with the capsule, appearing to overlap the capsule's contours, and is therefore more able to penetrate the capsule, creating a correct opening at the start of extraction, allowing a smaller initial pressure peak and a wider stream of beverage to be expelled from the capsule. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0111] Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting indication with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0112] [Figure 1] 1 shows an axonometric view of a capsule according to a first embodiment, in which the flange rings are arranged one above the other according to a direction perpendicular to the central capsule plane. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an axonometric view of the capsule of FIG. 1 with the separated portions, highlighting the two half capsules and the two filters positioned near the truncated poles, but not showing the extractable product panel. [Figure 3] 2 shows an axonometric view of the capsule of FIG. 1 with its parts separated and cross-sectioned according to a plane passing through the radial direction RR and the centers of the two opposite truncated poles. [Figure 4] 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the capsule of FIG. 3 with portions separated. [Figure 5] FIG. 4 is a detailed axonometric cross-sectional view of the flange of the half capsule of FIG. 3. [Figure 6] 2 shows a detailed side view of the flanges of two joined half capsules of the capsule of FIG. 1. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a detailed radial cross-sectional view of FIG. 6. [Figure 8] 7A and 7B are detailed side and radial cross-sectional views of FIG. 6; [Figure 9] 7A and 7B are detailed side and radial cross-sectional views of FIG. 6; [Figure 10]11 is a detail of the truncated pole and a cross-sectional view of the detail of the truncated pole of FIG. 10 highlighting the filter and its bonding to the concave wall of the half capsule. [Figure 11] 11 is a detail of the truncated pole and a cross-sectional view of the detail of the truncated pole of FIG. 10 highlighting the filter and its bonding to the concave wall of the half capsule. [Figure 12] 5 shows five half capsules according to a first embodiment in which the flange ring extends in the same half space as the first thin-walled portion with truncated cap, where the half capsules are stacked, highlighting the further role of the flange ring, here in the form of a curl, to space each half capsule from the adjacent half capsule. [Figure 13] 5 shows five half capsules according to a first embodiment in which the flange ring extends in the same half space as the first thin-walled portion with truncated cap, where the half capsules are stacked, highlighting the further role of the flange ring, here in the form of a curl, to space each half capsule from the adjacent half capsule. [Figure 14] 5 shows five half capsules according to a first embodiment in which the flange ring extends in the same half space as the first thin-walled portion with truncated cap, where the half capsules are stacked, highlighting the further role of the flange ring, here in the form of a curl, to space each half capsule from the adjacent half capsule. [Figure 15] 1 shows an axonometric view of a user's hand holding a capsule, with his / her thumb and his / her index finger holding the truncated pole of the capsule, the capsule resting stably on a flat surface with one of the truncated poles of the capsule and rolling on the flat surface against a flange in the event of an impact, and a half capsule resting stably on a flat surface with one of the truncated poles of the capsule and rolling on the flat surface against a flange in the event of an impact. [Figure 17]1 shows a first capsule having a flange with overlapping flange rings along a direction perpendicular to the central capsule plane, as well as a radial cross-section of the flange ring, and a second capsule having flange rings arranged radially side by side, as well as a radial cross-section of the flange ring. [Figure 18] 1 shows a first capsule having a flange with overlapping flange rings along a direction perpendicular to the central capsule plane, as well as a radial cross-section of the flange ring, and a second capsule having flange rings arranged radially side by side, as well as a radial cross-section of the flange ring. [Figure 19] 1 shows a first capsule having flanges with overlapping flange rings along a direction perpendicular to the central capsule plane, as well as a radial cross-section of the flange rings, and a second capsule having flange rings arranged radially side by side, as well as a radial cross-section of the flange rings. [Figure 20] 1 shows a first capsule having a flange with overlapping flange rings along a direction perpendicular to the central capsule plane, as well as a radial cross-section of the flange ring, and a second capsule having flange rings arranged radially side by side, as well as a radial cross-section of the flange ring. [Figure 21] 5 shows five half capsules according to a second embodiment, in which a flange ring extends into a half space opposite to the half space into which the first thin-walled portion with the truncated cap may extend, the half capsules being stacked together to highlight the further role of the flange ring, here in a curled shape, to space each half capsule from the adjacent half capsule. [Figure 22] 5 shows five half capsules according to a second embodiment, in which a flange ring extends into a half space opposite to the half space into which the first thin-walled portion with the truncated cap may extend, the half capsules being stacked together to highlight the further role of the flange ring, here in a curled shape, to space each half capsule from the adjacent half capsule. [Figure 23] 5 shows five half capsules according to a second embodiment, in which a flange ring extends into a half space opposite to the half space into which the first thin-walled portion with the truncated cap may extend, the half capsules being stacked together to highlight the further role of the flange ring, here in a curled shape, to space each half capsule from the adjacent half capsule. [Figure 24] 10 shows an axonometric view of a capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the flange rings are arranged radially side by side. [Figure 25] FIG. 25 is an axonometric view showing the separated portions of the capsule of FIG. 24, highlighting the two half capsules and the two filters positioned near the truncated poles, but not showing the extractable product panel. [Figure 26] 25 shows an axonometric view of the capsule of FIG. 24 with its parts separated and cross-sectioned according to the radial direction RR and the centers of the two opposite truncated poles. [Figure 27] 27 shows a cross-sectional view of the capsule of FIG. 26 with portions separated. [Figure 28] 25 shows a detailed axonometric cross-sectional view of the flange of the half capsule of FIG. 24. [Figure 29] 25 shows a detailed side view of a cross section of the flanges of two joined half capsules of the capsule of FIG. 24. [Figure 30] 29A and 29B show detailed radial cross-sections of the same; [Figure 31] 10A and 10B show an axonometric view, a side view and a radial cross section of a capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the thin wall has the shape of a truncated polyhedron sphere. [Figure 32] 10A and 10B show an axonometric view, a side view and a radial cross section of a capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the thin wall has the shape of a truncated polyhedron sphere. [Figure 33] 10A and 10B show an axonometric view, a side view and a radial cross section of a capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the thin wall has the shape of a truncated polyhedron sphere. [Figure 34] 10A and 10B show an axonometric view, a side view and a radial cross section of a capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the thin wall has the shape of a truncated polyhedron sphere. [Figure 35] 10 shows an axonometric view of a capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the thin wall has a spherical shape with grooves. [Figure 36] 10 shows an axonometric view of a capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the thin wall has a spherical shape with grooves. [Figure 37] 10 shows an axonometric view, an axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane, a cross-section and a detail view of the flange of a capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the flange does not have a flange ring; [Figure 38] 10 shows an axonometric view, an axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane, a cross-section and a detail view of the flange of a capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the flange does not have a flange ring; [Figure 39] 10 shows an axonometric view, an axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane, a cross-section and a detail view of the flange of a capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the flange does not have a flange ring; [Figure 40] 10 shows an axonometric view, an axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane, a cross-section and a detail view of the flange of a capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the flange does not have a flange ring; [Figure 41] 1 shows an axonometric view of a capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the flange ring has a mirror-imaged annular channel shape, an axonometric view cross-sectionally taken along a radial plane, and a detailed view of the connected flanges. [Figure 42] 10 shows an axonometric view of the capsule, a cross-sectioned axonometric view according to a radial plane, and a detailed view of the connected flanges, according to a further embodiment, in which the flange ring has a mirror-imaged annular channel shape. [Figure 43] 1 shows an axonometric view of a capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the flange ring has a mirror-imaged annular channel shape, an axonometric view cross-sectionally taken along a radial plane, and a detailed view of the connected flanges. [Figure 44]10A and 10B show a cross-section of a capsule and a detail of said cross-section of the capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the spherical capsule with truncated poles has no flange ring and flanges with different radial extensions; [Figure 45] 10A and 10B show a cross-section of a capsule and a detail of said cross-section of the capsule according to a further embodiment, in which the spherical capsule with truncated poles has no flange ring and flanges with different radial extensions; [Figure 46] 1 shows an axonometric view of a capsule, an axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane, a cross-sectional view and a detailed view of the connected flanges according to a further embodiment in which the flange ring has an annular channel shape and two channels are arranged radially side by side. [Figure 47] 1 shows an axonometric view of a capsule, an axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane, a cross-sectional view and a detailed view of the connected flanges according to a further embodiment in which the flange ring has an annular channel shape and two channels are arranged radially side by side. [Figure 48] 1 shows an axonometric view of a capsule, an axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane, a cross-sectional view and a detailed view of the connected flanges according to a further embodiment in which the flange ring has an annular channel shape and two channels are arranged radially side by side. [Figure 49] 1 shows an axonometric view of a capsule, an axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane, a cross-sectional view and a detailed view of the connected flanges according to a further embodiment in which the flange ring has an annular channel shape and two channels are arranged radially side by side. [Figure 50] 1 shows a radial cross-sectional axonometric view and axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane of a further embodiment of the capsule, in which the thin-walled first part of each half capsule is shaped like a spherical half-cap, in which case there are no truncated poles, and in which the flange rings overlap each other along a direction transverse to the midplane. [Figure 51]1 shows a radial cross-sectional axonometric view and axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane of a further embodiment of the capsule, in which the thin-walled first part of each half capsule is shaped like a spherical half-cap, in which case there are no truncated poles, and in which the flange rings overlap each other along a direction transverse to the midplane. [Figure 52] 1 shows a radial cross-sectional axonometric view and axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane of a further embodiment of the capsule, in which the thin-walled first part of each half capsule is shaped like a spherical half-cap, in which case there are no truncated poles, and in which the flange rings overlap each other along a direction transverse to the midplane. [Figure 53] 1 shows a radial cross-sectional axonometric view and axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane of a further embodiment of the capsule, in which the thin-walled first part of each half capsule is shaped like a spherical half-cap, in which case there are no truncated poles, and in which the flange rings are arranged radially side by side. [Figure 54] 1 shows a radial cross-sectional axonometric view and axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane of a further embodiment of the capsule, in which the thin-walled first part of each half capsule is shaped like a spherical half-cap, in which case there are no truncated poles, and in which the flange rings are arranged radially side by side. [Figure 55] 1 shows a radial cross-sectional axonometric view and axonometric view sectioned according to a radial plane of a further embodiment of the capsule, in which the thin-walled first part of each half capsule is shaped like a spherical half-cap, in which case there are no truncated poles, and in which the flange rings are arranged radially side by side. [Figure 56] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the open extraction device of the machine with the capsule interposed therebetween. [Figure 57] 57 shows a cross-sectional view of the extraction device of FIG. 56 closed on a capsule. [Figure 58] FIG. 57 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the extraction device, emphasizing the interaction of the opening device for the extract to exit the capsule with the truncated pole through which the opening is intended to allow the extract to exit, emphasizing the integrity of the filter. [Figure 59] 59 shows a cross-sectional view of an open extractor with a capsule interposed therebetween, and the extractor of FIG. 59 closed on the capsule, a detail of the extractor of FIG. 59 highlighting the seats for flange rings arranged to overlap in a direction perpendicular to the central capsule surface, and also the overlap of two flanges on the same seat with flange rings arranged radially side by side, emphasizing that the rings cannot be accommodated in the seat and preventing the insertion into the extractor of a type of capsule not intended for the extractor with the particular seats for the overlapping flange rings. [Figure 60] 59 shows a cross-sectional view of an open extractor with a capsule interposed therebetween, and the extractor of FIG. 59 closed on the capsule, a detail of the extractor of FIG. 59 highlighting the seats for flange rings arranged to overlap in a direction perpendicular to the central capsule surface, and also the overlap of two flanges on the same seat with flange rings arranged radially side by side, emphasizing that the rings cannot be accommodated in the seat and preventing the insertion into the extractor of a type of capsule not intended for the extractor with the particular seats for the overlapping flange rings. [Figure 61] 59 shows a cross-sectional view of an open extractor with a capsule interposed therebetween, and the extractor of FIG. 59 closed on the capsule, a detail of the extractor of FIG. 59 highlighting the seats for flange rings arranged to overlap in a direction perpendicular to the central capsule surface, and also the overlap of two flanges on the same seat with flange rings arranged radially side by side, emphasizing that the rings cannot be accommodated in the seat and preventing the insertion into the extractor of a type of capsule not intended for the extractor with the particular seats for the overlapping flange rings. [Figure 62]59 shows a cross-sectional view of an open extractor with a capsule interposed therebetween, and the extractor of FIG. 59 closed on the capsule, a detail of the extractor of FIG. 59 highlighting the seats for flange rings arranged to overlap in a direction perpendicular to the central capsule surface, and also the overlap of two flanges on the same seat with flange rings arranged radially side by side, emphasizing that the rings cannot be accommodated in the seat and preventing the insertion into the extractor of a type of capsule not intended for the extractor with the particular seats for the overlapping flange rings. [Figure 63] 63 shows an open extractor with a capsule interposed therebetween and a capsule closed on the capsule; FIG. 63 shows a detail of the extractor of FIG. 63 highlighting the seats for flange rings arranged side by side in the radial direction, the overlap of two flanges on the same seat with flange rings overlapping along a direction perpendicular to the central capsule surface, emphasizing that the rings cannot be accommodated in the seats, thereby preventing the insertion into the extractor of a capsule of a type not intended for the extractor having the particular seats for the overlapping flanges; and the seats for flange rings arranged side by side in the radial direction, adapted to accept capsules of opposite polarity. [Figure 64] 63 shows an open extractor with a capsule interposed therebetween and a capsule closed on the capsule; FIG. 63 shows a detail of the extractor of FIG. 63 highlighting the seats for flange rings arranged side by side in the radial direction, the overlap of two flanges on the same seat with flange rings overlapping along a direction perpendicular to the central capsule surface, emphasizing that the rings cannot be accommodated in the seats, thereby preventing the insertion into the extractor of a capsule of a type not intended for the extractor having the particular seats for the overlapping flanges; and the seats for flange rings arranged side by side in the radial direction, adapted to accept capsules of opposite polarity. [Figure 65]63 shows an open extractor with a capsule interposed therebetween and a capsule closed on the capsule; FIG. 63 shows a detail of the extractor of FIG. 63 highlighting the seats for flange rings arranged side by side in the radial direction, the overlap of two flanges on the same seat with flange rings overlapping along a direction perpendicular to the central capsule surface, emphasizing that the rings cannot be accommodated in the seats, thereby preventing the insertion into the extractor of a capsule of a type not intended for the extractor having the particular seats for the overlapping flanges; and the seats for flange rings arranged side by side in the radial direction, adapted to accept capsules of opposite polarity. [Figure 66] 63 shows an open extractor with a capsule interposed therebetween and a capsule closed on the capsule; FIG. 63 shows a detail of the extractor of FIG. 63 highlighting the seats for flange rings arranged side by side in the radial direction, the overlap of two flanges on the same seat with flange rings overlapping along a direction perpendicular to the central capsule surface, emphasizing that the rings cannot be accommodated in the seats, thereby preventing the insertion into the extractor of a capsule of a type not intended for the extractor having the particular seats for the overlapping flanges; and the seats for flange rings arranged side by side in the radial direction, adapted to accept capsules of opposite polarity. [Figure 67] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an extractor closed on a capsule and details of a perforating device for injecting fluid into the capsule, which perforates the thin wall but not the inlet filter when the extractor is closed, and three steps of deforming the truncated pole intended for opening the capsule for the extract to come out, in which the thin wall of the truncated pole does not open when the extractor is closed, but is deformed without being cut, and which deforms with the increase in pressure of the fluid introduced into the capsule until it is cut on the opening device for the extract to come out of the capsule, forming an outlet opening, without destroying the filter located near the outlet opening. [Figure 68]1 shows a cross-sectional view of an extractor closed on a capsule and details of a perforating device for injecting fluid into the capsule, which perforates the thin wall but not the inlet filter when the extractor is closed, and three steps of deforming the truncated pole intended for opening the capsule for the extract to come out, in which the thin wall of the truncated pole does not open when the extractor is closed, but is deformed without being cut, and which deforms with the increase in pressure of the fluid introduced into the capsule until it is cut on the opening device for the extract to come out of the capsule, forming an outlet opening, without destroying the filter located near the outlet opening. [Figure 69] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an extractor closed on a capsule and details of a perforating device for injecting fluid into the capsule, which perforates the thin wall but not the inlet filter when the extractor is closed, and three steps of deforming the truncated pole intended for opening the capsule for the extract to come out, in which the thin wall of the truncated pole does not open when the extractor is closed, but is deformed without being cut, and which deforms with the increase in pressure of the fluid introduced into the capsule until it is cut on the opening device for the extract to come out of the capsule, forming an outlet opening, without destroying the filter located near the outlet opening. [Figure 70] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an extractor closed on a capsule and details of a perforating device for injecting fluid into the capsule, which perforates the thin wall but not the inlet filter when the extractor is closed, and three steps of deforming the truncated pole intended for opening the capsule for the extract to come out, in which the thin wall of the truncated pole does not open when the extractor is closed, but is deformed without being cut, and which deforms with the increase in pressure of the fluid introduced into the capsule until it is cut on the opening device for the extract to come out of the capsule, forming an outlet opening, without destroying the filter located near the outlet opening. [Figure 71]1 shows a cross-sectional view of an extractor closed on a capsule and details of a perforating device for injecting fluid into the capsule, which perforates the thin wall but not the inlet filter when the extractor is closed, and three steps of deforming the truncated pole intended for opening the capsule for the extract to come out, in which the thin wall of the truncated pole does not open when the extractor is closed, but is deformed without being cut, and which deforms with the increase in pressure of the fluid introduced into the capsule until it is cut on the opening device for the extract to come out of the capsule, forming an outlet opening, without destroying the filter located near the outlet opening. [Figure 72] Axonometric and side views of six steps in the production process are shown, with step 1 showing the blanking of the strip to form a thin-walled disk, step 2 showing the deep drawing of the lower half capsule with a punch and die, step 3 showing the filling of the extractable product, step 4 showing the compression of the extractable product into a spherical extractable product panel, step 5 showing the mirror image joining of the upper half capsule, and step 6 heat sealing the upper flange to the lower flange. [Figure 73] Axonometric and side views of six steps in the production process are shown, with step 1 showing the blanking of the strip to form a thin-walled disk, step 2 showing the deep drawing of the lower half capsule with a punch and die, step 3 showing the filling of the extractable product, step 4 showing the compression of the extractable product into a spherical extractable product panel, step 5 showing the mirror image joining of the upper half capsule, and step 6 heat sealing the upper flange to the lower flange. [Figure 74] FIG. 1 shows an axonometric view of separated parts of a used capsule ejection device for separating used extractable product from a thin capsule wall, with the collection chamber, the used capsule, and the cover containing the piston shown as separated parts. [Figure 75] 75 shows a longitudinal cross-section of the device of FIG. 74 and a used capsule. [Figure 76]Longitudinal cross-sectional views of three stages in emptying used capsules are shown. Figure 76 shows the capsule resting on the edge of the collection chamber against the annular flange of the lower half capsule, the seat accommodating the lower half capsule flange ring. Then, a cover is fitted to the outside of the collection chamber, locking the annular flange of the upper half capsule with its inner edge, and the flange ring of the upper half capsule is received in the opposite seat, and the piston slides telescopically within its seat on the cover until it rests on the upper pole of the upper half capsule. Figure 77 shows the piston tearing the thin capsule wall through an opening made therein by an opening device for releasing the extract from the capsule, completely entering the cover and completing its telescopic movement to crush the used capsule, allowing the extractable product to come out as the capsule is gradually crushed. Figure 78 shows the opening of the ejection device and the extraction of the thin capsule wall emptied of the extractable product, which has collected at the bottom of the collection chamber. [Figure 77] Longitudinal cross-sectional views of three stages in emptying used capsules are shown. Figure 76 shows the capsule resting on the edge of the collection chamber against the annular flange of the lower half capsule, the seat accommodating the lower half capsule flange ring. Then, a cover is fitted to the outside of the collection chamber, locking the annular flange of the upper half capsule with its inner edge, and the flange ring of the upper half capsule is received in the opposite seat, and the piston slides telescopically within its seat on the cover until it rests on the upper pole of the upper half capsule. Figure 77 shows the piston tearing the thin capsule wall through an opening made therein by an opening device for releasing the extract from the capsule, completely entering the cover and completing its telescopic movement to crush the used capsule, allowing the extractable product to come out as the capsule is gradually crushed. Figure 78 shows the opening of the ejection device and the extraction of the thin capsule wall emptied of the extractable product, which has collected at the bottom of the collection chamber. [Figure 78]Longitudinal cross-sectional views of three stages in emptying used capsules are shown. Figure 76 shows the capsule resting on the edge of the collection chamber against the annular flange of the lower half capsule, the seat accommodating the lower half capsule flange ring. Then, a cover is fitted to the outside of the collection chamber, locking the annular flange of the upper half capsule with its inner edge, and the flange ring of the upper half capsule is received in the opposite seat, and the piston slides telescopically within its seat on the cover until it rests on the upper pole of the upper half capsule. Figure 77 shows the piston tearing the thin capsule wall through an opening made therein by an opening device for releasing the extract from the capsule, completely entering the cover and completing its telescopic movement to crush the used capsule, allowing the extractable product to come out as the capsule is gradually crushed. Figure 78 shows the opening of the ejection device and the extraction of the thin capsule wall emptied of the extractable product, which has collected at the bottom of the collection chamber. [Figure 79] 79 shows an axonometric view of the assembly of FIG. 78. [Figure 80] 1 shows an axonometric view, a side view, and a cross-sectional view of a half capsule having a first thin-walled section consisting of a cylindrical wall segment and a spherical cap wall segment with a truncated pole, the entire first thin-walled section being inscribed in an outer hemisphere and circumscribed in an inner hemisphere, with the difference in diameter between the two hemispheres being less than 10%. [Figure 81] 1 shows an axonometric view, a side view, and a cross-sectional view of a half capsule having a first thin-walled section consisting of a cylindrical wall segment and a spherical cap wall segment with a truncated pole, the entire first thin-walled section being inscribed in an outer hemisphere and circumscribed in an inner hemisphere, with the difference in diameter between the two hemispheres being less than 10%. [Figure 82] 1 shows an axonometric view, a side view, and a cross-sectional view of a half capsule having a first thin-walled section consisting of a cylindrical wall segment and a spherical cap wall segment with a truncated pole, the entire first thin-walled section being inscribed in an outer hemisphere and circumscribed in an inner hemisphere, with the difference in diameter between the two hemispheres being less than 10%. [Figure 83]1 shows an axonometric view, a side view, and a cross-sectional view of a half capsule having a first thin-walled section consisting of a cylindrical wall segment and a spherical cap wall segment without a truncated pole, the entire first thin-walled section being inscribed in an outer hemisphere and circumscribed in an inner hemisphere, with the difference in diameter between the two hemispheres being less than 10%. [Figure 84] 1 shows an axonometric view, a side view, and a cross-sectional view of a half capsule having a first thin-walled section consisting of a cylindrical wall segment and a spherical cap wall segment without a truncated pole, the entire first thin-walled section being inscribed in an outer hemisphere and circumscribed in an inner hemisphere, with the difference in diameter between the two hemispheres being less than 10%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0113] The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings to allow those skilled in the art to make and use it. Various modifications to the described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles described may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention as defined in the appended claims. Therefore, the present invention should not be considered limited to the described and shown embodiments, but should be accorded the widest scope of protection consistent with the described and claimed features.

[0114] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly used by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including the provided definitions, shall be binding. Furthermore, examples are provided solely for illustrative purposes and should not be considered limiting.

[0115] To facilitate an understanding of the embodiments described herein, reference will be made to several specific embodiments and specific language will be used to describe the same. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0116] Hereinafter, when the term "extractable product" is used, it means extractable and / or soluble products, such as ground, roasted, and freeze-dried coffee, coffee, such as barley and ginseng.

[0117] In the following, the phrase "thin-walled capsules forming mechanical resistance" refers to walls that can withstand handling and slight impacts without deformation, but cannot withstand puncturing with a flat tool to create an opening. For example, a thin wall is understood to mean a wall made of metal sheet, as is commonly known in the production of currently commercially available coffee capsules. For example, the thin wall may be made of paper, or cellulose pulp, or a recyclable paper-based material covered with one or more barriers and a heat-sealable layer that is home / industrial compostable.

[0118] Hereinafter, when the phrase "total spherical volume or contour" is used, it is understood to mean any shape inscribed and circumscribed by two spherical caps separated from each other by a distance less than 10% of the maximum diameter De of the outer spherical caps, preferably less than 5% of the maximum diameter De of the outer spherical caps. For example, the total spherical volume or contour is any shape inscribed and circumscribed by two spherical caps having the same center and separated from each other by a distance less than 10% of the maximum diameter De of the outer spherical caps, preferably less than 5% of the maximum diameter De of the outer spherical caps. This definition also applies, according to one embodiment, to the shape of the capsule after it has been filled with a pressurized fluid at a pressure of 0 to 22 bar, preferably 5 to 12 bar, more preferably 7 to 12 bar.

[0119] In the following, when the phrase "thin capsule wall forming a barrier" is used, it is understood to mean a material that is impermeable to the acquisition or penetration of gases and moisture, and even provides a complete barrier against fats, oils, and water. In addition, the material is resistant to corrosion by substances with a pH value between 4 and 9. Examples of such barriers are materials comprising or consisting of aluminum, aluminum foil, or foils with at least one aluminum layer. Aluminum foils thicker than 0.025 mm (0.001 inch) are impermeable to light, gases (including oxygen), and water vapor. Thinner foils are slightly more permeable due to microscopic holes caused by the manufacturing process, but this may be acceptable in some cases.

[0120] In addition, compostable and biodegradable packaging, for example cellulose-based, is suitable for materials according to the EN 13432 standard or according to the DIN 53380-3:1998-07 standard, with a temperature of 1 to 500 cm at 23°C and 50% relative humidity. 3 / (m 2 ·day·bar), i.e., 2 to 400 cm 3 / (m 2 It is made of a material that has a gas permeability (gas permeability), especially an oxygen permeability (oxygen permeability), of 1000 kJ / s (days and bars).

[0121] For example, according to ISO7783:2018, 15 to 100 g / (m) at 23°C and 50% relative humidity. 2 ·day), i.e., 20 to 80 g / (m 2 A material with a water vapor transmission rate (water vapor permeability) of 100%.

[0122] For example, according to ISO7783:2018, 20 to 250 g / (m) at 23°C and 85% relative humidity. 2 ·day), i.e., 25 to 200 g / (m 2 A material with a water vapor transmission rate (water vapor permeability) of 100%.

[0123] For example, material gas permeability means an OTR (oxygen transmission rate) <0.5 cc / m2*day and a WVTR (water vapor transmission rate) <2 g / m2*day in tropical conditions.

[0124] According to a general embodiment, a capsule 1 for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage suitable for consumption using an extractable product 2, for example ground coffee, comprising first and second half capsules 3, 4.

[0125] Each half capsule 3, 4 has a thin capsule wall 5, 6.

[0126] The thin capsule walls 5,6 integrally form first thin wall portions 7,8 which define substantially spherically shaped internal half-chambers 9,10.

[0127] The capsule walls 5,6 form second thin walled sections 11,12 near their maximum dimension D and integral with the first thin walled sections 7,8 which bend to form annular flanges 13,14.

[0128] The two half capsules 3, 4 are arranged opposite each other and as mirror images of each other so that they are in contact with at least a portion of the annular flanges 13, 14 where they are joined together.

[0129] The first thin-walled portions 7, 8 have substantially the same volumetric contour.

[0130] The mirror-image facing first thin-walled portions 7,8 define an overall substantially spherical volume having substantially truncated poles 15,16.

[0131] According to a general embodiment, a capsule 1 for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage suitable for consumption using an extractable product 2, for example ground coffee, comprising first and second half capsules 3, 4.

[0132] Each half capsule 3, 4 comprises a thin capsule wall 5, 6 which allows mechanical resistance and essentially forms a barrier against air, in particular oxygen, and humidity.

[0133] For example, the thin capsule walls 5, 6 may be pierced by a tool such as a needle or knife, and may withstand light pressure when squeezed by hand.

[0134] The thin capsule walls 5,6 integrally form first thin-walled portions 7,8 which define substantially hemispherical internal half-chambers 9,10 adapted to contain the extractable product 2.

[0135] The capsule walls 5,6 form second thin wall portions 11,12 near the largest dimension D, or equatorial diameter, of the internal half-chambers 9,10, which are integral with the first thin wall portions 7,8 and bent to form annular flanges 13,14 projecting radially RR and outwardly from the first thin wall portions 7,8.

[0136] The two half capsules 3, 4 are arranged opposite each other and as mirror images of each other so that they are in contact with at least a portion of the annular flanges 13, 14 where they are joined together.

[0137] The first thin-walled portions 7, 8 have substantially the same volumetric contour.

[0138] The mirror-image facing first thin-walled portions 7,8 define an overall substantially spherical volume having substantially truncated poles 15,16.

[0139] According to one embodiment, the truncated poles 15,16 have thin wall portions 7,8 away from the maximum dimension D.

[0140] According to one embodiment, each of the truncated poles 15, 16 comprises a segment of the thin capsule wall 5, 6 that, when intact before extraction, forms a flat or slightly concave segment that is slightly curved towards the inside of the first thin wall portion 7, 8.

[0141] According to one embodiment, the first thin-walled portions 7,8 define a contour that is substantially equally spaced from the capsule center C, except for the truncated poles 15,16.

[0142] According to one embodiment, the mutually facing first thin-walled portions 7, 8 form substantially spheres with truncated poles 15, 16, each forming a hemispherical cap profile with truncated poles.

[0143] According to one embodiment, the opposing first thin-walled portions 7, 8 form first and second internal half-chambers 9, 10 which together define a single internal chamber 25 having a substantially spherical contour with truncated poles.

[0144] According to one embodiment, the thin capsule walls 5, 6 consist of a rigid or semi-rigid material.

[0145] According to one embodiment, the thin capsule wall 5, 6 comprises at least one aluminum layer.

[0146] According to one embodiment, the thin capsule wall 5, 6 comprises at least one aluminum layer and is obtained by deep drawing.

[0147] According to one embodiment, the thin capsule walls 5, 6 have a uniform thickness. The term "uniform thickness" is understood to mean a substantially constant thickness, i.e., a constant thickness excluding thickness variations created by deep-drawing or similar processes and specific weakened points created to facilitate capsule opening. For example, a uniform thickness can be obtained by deep-drawing from a sheet having a substantially constant, uniform thickness. For example, in operations such as deep-drawing, the thickness may vary by 10-15%. According to one embodiment, the thickness of the thin walls may vary from 60 to 300 micrometers. According to one embodiment, the thickness is 100 micrometers, of which at least 70 micrometers is metal, e.g., aluminum. According to one embodiment, the thickness is 300 micrometers, of which at least 200 micrometers is cellulose.

[0148] According to one embodiment, the truncated poles 15, 16 of the opposing half capsules 3, 4 have the same dimensions.

[0149] According to one embodiment, the first thin-walled portions 7, 8 with truncated poles 15, 16 of the first and second half capsules 3, 4 are identical to each other.

[0150] According to one embodiment, the first and second half capsules 3, 4 are identical to each other.

[0151] According to one embodiment, each annular flange 13, 14 comprises a flat flange segment.

[0152] According to one embodiment, each annular flange 13, 14 comprises a flat flange segment, and the two half capsules 3, 4 are arranged opposite each other and as mirror images of each other, so that at least part of the flat flange segments are in contact.

[0153] According to one embodiment, the capsule 1 has a mirror image shape about its mid-plane M. According to one embodiment, the mid-plane passes through points equidistant from the truncated poles 15,16.

[0154] According to one embodiment, the first and second half capsules 3, 4 are mirror images of each other, with their recesses facing each other, to form first and second internal half chambers 9, 10, which together form a substantially spherical single internal chamber 25 with truncated poles 15, 16.

[0155] According to one embodiment, the assembly of the first thin-walled portions 7 , 8 of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour 17 .

[0156] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7,8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical contour 17 with truncated poles 15,16.

[0157] According to one embodiment, the assembly of the first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsules has a contour comprised between two spheres, one circumscribing and external, the other inscribing and internal, the difference in diameter between which is less than 10%, preferably less than 5%.

[0158] According to one embodiment, the assembly of the first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsules has a contour comprised between two spheres with truncated poles 15, 16, one circumscribing and external, the other inscribing and internal, the difference in diameter between which is less than 10%, preferably less than 5%.

[0159] According to one embodiment, the assembly of the first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical polyhedron profile 18.

[0160] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7,8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical polyhedron profile 18 with truncated poles 15,16.

[0161] According to one embodiment, the assembly of the first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical polyhedron contour 18 with flat faces.

[0162] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7,8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical polyhedron profile 18 with flat faces and truncated poles 15,16.

[0163] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical polyhedron profile 18 with flat faces, each face of which is triangular.

[0164] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical polyhedron profile 18 with flat faces and truncated poles 15, 16, each of which is triangular.

[0165] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical polyhedron profile 18 with flat faces, each face of which is pentagonal.

[0166] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical polyhedron profile 18 with flat faces and truncated poles 15, 16, each face of which is pentagonal.

[0167] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical polyhedron profile 18 with flat faces, each face of which is a circle.

[0168] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical polyhedron profile 18 with flat faces and truncated poles 15, 16, each face of which is a circle.

[0169] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7 , 8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical contour 17 with a boss 19 .

[0170] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour 17 with truncated poles 15, 16 and a boss 19.

[0171] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical contour 17 with a spiral groove 20.

[0172] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour 17 with truncated poles 15, 16 and grooves 20.

[0173] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsule has a spherical contour 17 with meridian grooves 21.

[0174] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7,8 of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour 17 with meridian grooves 21 and truncated poles 15,16.

[0175] According to one embodiment, the assembly of the first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour 17 with parallel grooves 22.

[0176] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7,8 of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour 17 with parallel grooves 22 and truncated poles 15,16.

[0177] According to one embodiment, the assembly of the first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour 17 with a spiral groove 23.

[0178] According to one embodiment, the assembly of said first thin-walled portions 7,8 of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour 17 with a spiral groove 23 and truncated poles 15,16.

[0179] According to one embodiment, the assembly of the first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour 17 with a step 24.

[0180] According to one embodiment, the assembly of the first thin-walled portions 7,8 of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour 17 with a step 24 and truncated poles 15,16.

[0181] According to one embodiment, the capsule 1 has a difference between the maximum equatorial diameter D and the inter-pole distance H measured between the truncated poles 15, 16 of less than 10%, preferably less than 5%.

[0182] According to one embodiment, the ratio of the distance between the truncated poles 15, 16 to the maximum equatorial diameter D is between 90% and 75%.

[0183] According to one embodiment, the truncated poles 15, 16 are equidistant from the centre C of the pair of first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the first and second half capsules.

[0184] According to one embodiment, at least a portion of the annular flanges 13, 14 of the two half capsules 3, 4 positioned in contact with each other are heat-sealed to each other so that the internal chamber 25 formed by the first and second internal half chambers 9, 10 is sealed from the environment outside the capsule 1.

[0185] According to one embodiment, at least one of the annular flanges 13 or 14 of the half capsules 3 or 4 has a free flange edge 26 or 27 forming a flange ring 28 or 29, the flange ring 28 or 29 having a ring thickness or height in a direction perpendicular to the central M-separation plane between the two half capsules 3, 4 that is greater than the height of the portion of the annular flange 13 or 14 that is placed in contact with the adjacent half capsule 4 or 3, or the height in a direction perpendicular to the central M-separation plane between the two half capsules 3, 4.

[0186] According to one embodiment, at least one of the annular flanges 13 or 14 of the half capsule 3 or 4 has a free flange edge 26 or 27 forming a flange ring 28 or 29, the flange ring 28 or 29 having an overall ring thickness greater than the thickness of the portion of the annular flange 13 or 14 that is arranged in contact with the adjacent half capsule 4 or 3.

[0187] According to one embodiment, both half capsules 3 and 4 are provided with the flange rings 28 and 29 described above.

[0188] According to one embodiment, both half capsules 3 and 4 are provided with said flange rings 28 and 29, said flange rings 28, 29 being arranged as mirror images of each other.

[0189] According to one embodiment, both half capsules 3 and 4 are provided with the above flange rings 28 and 29 arranged side by side in a radial direction RR, which according to one embodiment is considered as the radial direction of the spherical contour of the first thin-walled portion 7, 8 of the first or second half capsule, or of a sphere circumscribing or inscribing the first thin-walled portion 7, 8 of the first or second half capsule.

[0190] According to one embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 is toroidal in shape.

[0191] According to one embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 is formed with a folded portion of the free flange edge 26 or 27 .

[0192] According to one embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 is formed with a folded portion of the free flange edge 26 or 27 having a generally toroidal volumetric shape.

[0193] According to one embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 is made integral with the flange 13 or 14 and is formed with a folded portion of the free flange edge 26 or 27 shaped as a flange end curl 30 or 31.

[0194] According to one embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 extends to reside entirely within the half-space defined by the central capsule plane M in which the thin-walled portion 7 or 8 of the half capsule forming the flange 13 or 14 lies.

[0195] According to one embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 is formed with a fold of the free flange edge 26 or 27 that is made integral with the flange 13 or 14 and is shaped like a flange end curl 30 or 31, which extends to remain entirely within the same half-space defined by the central capsule plane M in which lies the thin-walled portion 7 or 8 of the half capsule that forms the flange 13 or 14.

[0196] According to one embodiment, the flange end curl 30 or 31 extends from the flat flange portion 13 or 14 towards the half-space defined by the central capsule plane M in which the first thin-walled portion 7 or 8 of the first half capsule resides.

[0197] According to one embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 extends together with the flange 13 or 14 so as to remain substantially in the half-space defined by the central capsule plane M and the flange 13 or 14, and extends from there opposite the thin-walled portion 7 or 8 of the half capsule forming the flange 13 or 14.

[0198] According to a general embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 is formed with a fold of the free flange edge 26 or 27 that is made integral with the flange 13 or 14 and is shaped like a flange end curl 30 or 31, which, together with the flange 13 or 14, remains substantially within the half-space defined by the central capsule plane M and the flange 13 or 14 and extends opposite to the half-space in which the thin-walled portion 7 or 8 of the half capsule forming the flange 13 or 14 is located.

[0199] According to one embodiment, the flange end curl 30 or 31 comprises an outer toroidal curl segment 32 and an inner toroidal curl segment 33 folded inside the outer toroidal curl segment 32 .

[0200] According to one embodiment, the thin walled portion 7 or 8 of the half capsule and the outer toroidal curl segment 32 form a flanged channel 34 with a flat bottom.

[0201] According to a general embodiment, said thin-walled portion 7 or 8 of the half capsule and said outer toroidal curl segment 32 form a segment of a contour having an odd power function in a cross section containing the radial direction RR.

[0202] According to one embodiment, the capsule 1 comprises two mirror-image facing half capsules 3, 4 that meet in a central plane M.

[0203] According to one embodiment, the capsule 1 comprises two mirror-image half capsules 3, 4 that meet at a central plane M, both half capsules 3, 4 having flange rings 28, 29 that are elevated so that they do not contact the central plane M.

[0204] According to one embodiment, at least one of the truncated poles 15, 16 is adapted to receive at least one piercing device 35 for injecting fluid into the capsule 1.

[0205] According to one embodiment, both of the truncated poles 15, 16 are adapted to receive at least one piercing device 35 for injecting fluid into the capsule 1.

[0206] According to one embodiment, at least one of said truncated poles 15, 16 is adapted to receive at least one opening device 36 for allowing the extract to exit from the capsule 1.

[0207] According to one embodiment, both of said truncated poles 15, 16 are adapted to receive at least one opening device 36 for allowing the extract to exit from the capsule 1.

[0208] According to one embodiment, the capsule 1 is intended to be inserted into the brewing chamber of a system 55 for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage using an extractable product.

[0209] According to one embodiment, the capsule 1 is adapted to be inserted into the brewing chamber of a system 55 for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage using an extractable product in any polarity direction, and therefore with the polarity of its truncated poles 15, 16 reversed.

[0210] According to one embodiment, a filter 37 is present in the internal half-chambers 9,10 at least close to at least one of the truncated poles 15,16.

[0211] According to one embodiment, a filter 37 is present in an internal half-chamber 9,10 at least close to at least one of said truncated poles 15,16, which is adapted to receive at least one perforation device 35.

[0212] According to one embodiment, a filter 37 is present in an internal half-chamber 9, 10 at least close to at least one of said truncated poles 15, 16, which is adapted to receive at least one aperture device .

[0213] According to one embodiment, a filter 37 is present in an internal half-chamber 9,10 at least close to at least one of said truncated poles 15,16, which is adapted to receive at least one perforation device 35.

[0214] According to one embodiment, a filter 37 is present in an internal half-chamber 9, 10 at least close to at least one of said truncated poles 15, 16, which is adapted to receive at least one aperture device .

[0215] According to one embodiment, said filter 37 separates the extractable product 2 from said first thin-walled portions 7 and / or 8 at said truncated poles 15 and / or 16 .

[0216] According to one embodiment, the filter 37 is disc-shaped.

[0217] According to one embodiment, the filter 37 is connected to the thin walls 7 and / or 8 .

[0218] According to one embodiment, the filter 37 is connected to the thin walls 7 and / or 8 on the outside of the truncated poles 15 and / or 16 .

[0219] According to one embodiment, said filter 37 is connected at its concave portion to the thin walls 7 and / or 8 .

[0220] According to one embodiment, the filter 37 comprises a filter edge 38, the filter 37 being connected to the thin walls 7, 8 along the entire filter edge 38.

[0221] According to one embodiment, the filter 37 is made of a material that can be heat-sealed to the thin walls 7,8.

[0222] According to one embodiment, the filter 37 comprises a filter edge 38, at least the filter edge 38 being made of a material that can be heat-sealed to the thin walls 7,8.

[0223] According to one embodiment, the thin capsule wall 5,6 is provided with a varnish layer at least on its side facing the first or second inner half-chamber 9,10.

[0224] According to one embodiment, the filter 37 is made of a material suitable for retaining the varnish layer present on the thin capsule walls 5, 6 when heated, for example by heat sealing. In other words, and according to one embodiment, the filter 37 is sealed to the thin capsule walls 5, 6 by melting the heat sealing material of the thin capsule walls, allowing it to at least partially penetrate the structure of the filter 37 and secure the filter 37 to the thin capsule walls 5, 6.

[0225] According to one embodiment, the filter 37 is made of a material comprising at least one cellulose-based layer.

[0226] According to one embodiment, the filter 37 comprises a filter edge 38, at least the filter edge 38 being heat-sealable to the varnish layer.

[0227] According to one embodiment, the filter 37 allows the extract to pass through but blocks the particulates 2 of the extractable product.

[0228] According to a general embodiment, a system 55 for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage using an extractable product 2 comprises a capsule 1 as defined in any of the embodiments described above, and an extractor 56 comprising a receptacle 57 for containing said capsule 1, a piercing device 35 for injecting fluid into the capsule, and an opening device 36 for the extraction to exit the capsule.

[0229] According to one embodiment, the extractor 56 comprises a flange ring seat 57 adapted to receive the flange rings 28 , 29 of the capsule 1 .

[0230] According to one embodiment, the extraction device 56 comprises a flange ring seat 57 adapted to receive the flange rings 28, 29 of the capsule 1 when the two half capsules 3, 4 comprise mirror image flange rings 28, 29 that overlap along a direction perpendicular to the central capsule plane M.

[0231] According to one embodiment, the extraction device 56 comprises a flange ring seat 57 adapted to receive the flange rings 28, 29 of the capsule 1 when the two half capsules 3, 4 comprise flange rings 28, 29 arranged radially side by side relative to the first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the half capsules.

[0232] According to one embodiment, the extraction device 56 comprises a flange ring seat 57 adapted to receive the flange rings 28, 29 of the capsule 1 when the two half capsules 3, 4 comprise flange rings 28, 29 arranged radially side by side relative to the first thin-walled portions 7, 8 of the half capsules.

[0233] According to one embodiment, the extraction device 56 comprises a flange ring seat 57 adapted to receive the flange rings 28, 29 of the capsule 1 when the two half capsules 3, 4 comprise mirror image flange rings 28, 29 that overlap along a direction perpendicular to the central capsule plane M.

[0234] According to a general embodiment, a method for extracting a beverage from a capsule 1 as defined in any of the embodiments described above, comprising an extractable product 2, when said capsule is inserted into a system 55 as defined in any of the embodiments described above, comprising the following steps:

[0235] When the capsule 1 is inserted into the receptacle 57 of the extractor 56, the receptacle 57 is closed so that at least one of the truncated half-capsule poles 15, 16 is pierced by the piercing device 35 for injecting fluid into the capsule;

[0236] Fluid is injected into the capsule 1 by the perforation device 35 for injecting fluid into the capsule.

[0237] According to one embodiment, there is provided a further step of injecting fluid into said capsule 1 by said perforating device 35 for injecting fluid into the capsule so as to increase the fluid pressure in said single internal chamber 25, thereby deforming the opposing truncated poles 16, 15 until they interfere with said opening device 36 for the extraction of the extract from the capsule, thereby opening the capsule and extracting the extractable product extract.

[0238] According to one embodiment, during deformation, the filter (37) is deformed but remains intact at the opposite truncated poles 16, 15 and its opening by the opening device 36 for the extract to exit the capsule.

[0239] According to one embodiment, the pressure inside the capsule 1 reaches a value between 5 and 12 bar.

[0240] According to one embodiment, during closure of said receptacle 57, when it contains a capsule 1, said opening device 36 for the exit of the extract from the capsule opens the opposite truncated poles 16, 15.

[0241] According to one embodiment, at least one of the truncated poles 15, 16 comprises a weakened pole portion 39 and the thin walls 7, 8 have a reduced and weakened thickness to allow opening by interaction of the capsule 1 with at least one of a piercing device 35 for injecting fluid into the capsule and / or an opening device 36 for exiting the capsule.

[0242] According to one embodiment, the capsule 1 may be inserted into the receptacle 57 in any polarity, allowing opening and extraction in any orientation of insertion.

[0243] According to one embodiment, the capsule 1 is inserted into the receptacle 57 having a first truncated pole 15 facing the perforating device 35 for injecting fluid into the capsule and an opposite truncated pole 16 facing the opening device 36 for extract to exit the capsule, or an opposite truncated pole 16 facing the perforating device 35 for injecting fluid into the capsule and a first truncated pole 15 facing the opening device 36 for extract to exit the capsule.

[0244] According to a general embodiment, the process for producing half capsules 3, 4 according to any one of the above-described embodiments comprises the following steps:

[0245] cutting discs from the sheet of material adapted to produce thin capsule walls 5, 6 that allow mechanical resistance and essentially form a barrier against oxygen and humidity;

[0246] A disk is deep drawn which integrally forms a first thin-walled portion (7,8) which is substantially hemispherical and which defines an internal half-chamber (9,10) for containing the extractable product (2) and which is adapted to form, near its largest dimension (D) or equatorial diameter of the internal half-chamber (9,10), second thin-walled portions (11,12) which bend integrally with the first thin-walled portions (7,8) to form annular flanges (13,14) which project radially (RR) and outwardly from the first thin-walled portions (7,8).

[0247] According to one embodiment, flange rings 28, 29 are produced at the ends of the annular flanges 13, 14 during the deep drawing process.

[0248] According to one embodiment, half capsules 3, 4 are produced which are identical to each other.

[0249] According to one embodiment, the two half capsules 3, 4 are deep drawn to produce a first flange ring 28 having a small radial dimension and a second flange ring 29 having a large radial dimension, and in order that when the two half capsules face each other, the two flange rings 28, 29 are arranged next to each other in the radial direction RR.

[0250] According to one embodiment, the process for producing capsule 1 includes the steps described above to obtain two half capsules 3, 4 that are identical to each other, and also includes a step of joining the two half capsules 3, 4, which are positioned opposite each other and are mirror images of each other, to form capsule 1.

[0251] According to a general embodiment, a capsule 1 for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage suitable for consumption using an extractable product 2, such as ground coffee, comprises first and second half capsules 3, 4. Each half capsule 3, 4 comprises a thin capsule wall 5, 6 integrally forming a first thin-walled portion 7, 8 defining a substantially spherical internal half-chamber 9, 10. Near its maximum dimension D, the capsule wall 5, 6 forms a second thin-walled portion 11, 12 integrally with the first thin-walled portion 7, 8 that bends to form annular flanges 13, 14. The two half capsules 3, 4 are arranged opposite each other and are mirror images of each other and are joined to each other. At least one of the annular flanges 13 or 14 of the half capsules 3 or 4 has a free flange edge 26 or 27 forming a flange ring 28 or 29, the flange ring 28 or 29 having an overall ring thickness greater than the thickness of the portion of the annular flange 13 or 14 that is placed in contact with the adjacent half capsule 4 or 3.

[0252] According to a general embodiment, a capsule 1 for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage suitable for consumption using an extractable product 2, for example ground coffee, comprising first and second half capsules 3, 4.

[0253] Each half capsule 3, 4 comprises a thin capsule wall 5, 6 that allows mechanical resistance and essentially forms a barrier to oxygen and humidity, such as a thin wall that may be pierced by a needle and can withstand light pressure when squeezed by hand.

[0254] The thin capsule walls 5,6 integrally form first thin-walled portions 7,8 which define substantially hemispherical internal half-chambers 9,10 adapted to contain the extractable product 2.

[0255] The capsule walls 5,6 form second thin wall portions 11,12 which approximate the largest dimension D, or equatorial diameter, of the internal half-chambers 9,10 and which are integral with the first thin wall portions 7,8 and bend to form annular flanges 13,14 which project radially RR and outwardly from the first thin wall portions 7,8.

[0256] The two half capsules 3, 4 are arranged opposite each other and as mirror images of each other so that they are in contact with at least a portion of the annular flanges 13, 14 where they are joined together.

[0257] The first thin-walled portions 7, 8 have substantially the same volumetric contour.

[0258] At least one of the annular flanges 13 or 14 of the half capsules 3 or 4 has a free flange edge 26 or 27 forming a flange ring 28 or 29, the flange ring 28 or 29 having an overall ring thickness greater than the thickness of the portion of the annular flange 13 or 14 that is placed in contact with the adjacent half capsule 4 or 3.

[0259] According to a general embodiment, at least one of the annular flanges 13 or 14 of the half capsules 3 or 4 has a free flange edge 26 or 27 forming a flange ring 28 or 29, the flange ring 28 or 29 having a ring thickness, or height, in a direction perpendicular to the central M-separation plane between the two half capsules 3, 4 that is greater than the height of the part of the annular flange 13 or 14 that is placed in contact with the adjacent half capsule 4 or 3, or the height, in a direction perpendicular to the central M-separation plane between the two half capsules 3, 4.

[0260] According to a general embodiment, the flange rings 28, 29 are the ends of the flanges 13, 14 folded into a U- or V-shape.

[0261] According to a general embodiment, the flange rings 28, 29 are the ends of the flanges 13, 14 folded into an inverted U-shape or an inverted V-shape.

[0262] According to a general embodiment, the first thin wall portions 7, 8 are in the shape of a spherical cap.

[0263] According to a general embodiment, the first thin-walled portions 7, 8 each define a hemispherical cap contour, which when facing each other substantially form a sphere.

[0264] According to a general embodiment, both half capsules 3 and 4 are provided with said flange rings 28 and 29 .

[0265] According to a general embodiment, both half capsules 3 and 4 are provided with said flange rings 28 and 29, said flange rings 28, 29 being arranged as mirror images of each other.

[0266] According to a general embodiment, both half capsules 3 and 4 are provided with the above-mentioned flange rings 28 and 29 arranged side by side in the radial direction RR.

[0267] According to a general embodiment, the radial direction is evaluated as the radial direction of the spherical contour of the first thin-walled portion 7, 8 of the first or second half capsule, or of a sphere circumscribing or inscribing the first thin-walled portion 7, 8 of the first or second half capsule.

[0268] According to a general embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 is toroidal in shape.

[0269] According to a general embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 is formed with a folding of the free flange edge 26 or 27 .

[0270] According to a general embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 is formed with a folded portion of the free flange edge 26 or 27 having a generally toroidal volumetric shape.

[0271] According to a general embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 is made integral with the flange 13 or 14 and is formed with a folded portion of the free flange edge 26 or 27 shaped as a flange end curl 30 or 31.

[0272] According to one embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 extends to reside entirely within the half-space defined by the central capsule plane M in which the thin-walled portion 7 or 8 of the half capsule forming the flange 13 or 14 lies.

[0273] According to a general embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 is formed with a fold of the free flange edge 26 or 27 that is made integral with the flange 13 or 14 and is shaped like a flange end curl 30 or 31, which extends to remain entirely within the same half-space defined by the central capsule plane M in which lies the thin-walled portion 7 or 8 of the half capsule forming the flange 13 or 14.

[0274] According to a general embodiment, the flange end curl 30 or 31 extends from the flat flange portion 13 or 14 towards the half-space defined by the central capsule plane M in which the first thin-walled portion 7 or 8 of the first half capsule resides.

[0275] According to a general embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 extends together with the flange 13 or 14 and extends from there so as to remain substantially in the half-space defined by the central capsule plane M and the flange 13 or 14, and from there extends opposite the thin-walled portion 7 or 8 of the half capsule forming the flange 13 or 14.

[0276] According to a general embodiment, the flange ring 28 or 29 is formed with a folded portion of the free flange edge 26 or 27 that is made integral with the flange 13 or 14 and is shaped like a flange end curl 30 or 31, which, together with the flange 13 or 14, remains substantially within the half-space defined by the central capsule plane M and the flange 13 or 14 and extends opposite to the half-space in which the thin-walled portion 7 or 8 of the half capsule forming the flange 13 or 14 is located.

[0277] According to a general embodiment, the flange end curl 30 or 31 comprises an outer toroidal curl segment 32 and an inner toroidal curl segment 33 folded inside the outer toroidal curl segment 32 .

[0278] According to one embodiment, the thin walled portion 7 or 8 of the half capsule and the outer toroidal curl segment 32 form a flanged channel 34 with a flat bottom.

[0279] According to a general embodiment, the thin-walled portion 7 or 8 of the half capsule and the outer toroidal curl segment 32 form a profile in a cross section containing the radial direction RR, in which at least one segment has an odd power function.

[0280] According to a general embodiment, the capsule 1 comprises two mirror-image facing half capsules 3, 4 meeting in a central plane M.

[0281] According to a general embodiment, the capsule 1 comprises two mirror-image half capsules 3, 4 meeting in a mid-plane M, both half capsules 3, 4 having flange rings 28, 29 which are elevated so that they do not contact the mid-plane M.

[0282] To meet specific, contingent needs, those skilled in the art may make some modifications and adaptations to the above-described embodiments and may substitute other elements that are functionally equivalent but do not depart from the scope of the following claims.

[0283] The following describes a used capsule ejector 40 and a method for emptying used capsules of used extractable product, which separates the used extractable product from the thin capsule walls 5, 6 of the used capsule.

[0284] According to one embodiment, a used capsule ejection device 40 for separating the used extractable product 2 from the thin capsule wall 5, 6 comprises a collection chamber 41 with a collection chamber opening edge 44 defining a collection chamber opening 45 adapted to receive at least the first or second thin-walled portion 7 or 8 of at least a half capsule, which is not necessarily cup-shaped, leaving the annular flange 13 or 14 of said first or second half capsule resting on said collection chamber opening edge 44.

[0285] The collection chamber opening edge 44 includes a collection chamber seat 50 near its edge opposite the collection chamber opening 45 that is adapted to receive the first or second flange ring 28 or 29 .

[0286] The used capsule ejector 40 further comprises a tubular cover 42 with a cover opening 46 adapted to receive a freely sliding piston 43 .

[0287] The cover 42 comprises an outer cover ring 47 adapted to fit around the outside of the collection chamber 44 and an inner cover ring 48 adapted to place its cover edge 49 in contact with the collection chamber opening edge 44, thereby sandwiching the annular flange 13 of the first half capsule and the annular flange 14 of the second half capsule of the used capsule 1 placed on the collection chamber 44 between the edges 49 and 44.

[0288] The cover 42 further comprises a cover seat 51 adapted to receive the second or first flange ring 29 or 28 .

[0289] For example, the cover seat 51 is provided between the outer cover ring 47 and the inner cover ring 48 .

[0290] The piston 43 may slide within the cover opening 46 to interfere with the used capsule 1 and crush it towards the collection chamber 44 .

[0291] The following is a brief description of how the used extractable product 2 is separated from the thin walls 5, 6 of the used capsule 1.

[0292] The figures show three steps for emptying a used capsule 1. Figure 76 shows a capsule 1 with a flange ring, in this case the first flange ring 28, located on the collection chamber opening edge 44 and against the annular flange of the lower half capsule, for example the annular flange 13 of the first half capsule, and housed in the collection chamber seat 50.

[0293] The cover 42 is fitted onto the outside of the collection chamber 41 and lowered until its cover edge 49 abuts against the annular flange 14 of the second half capsule, clamping the annular flange 14 of the second half capsule between the annular flange 13 of the first half capsule and the collection chamber opening edge 44.

[0294] The piston 43 then slides telescopically in its seat, i.e. in the cover opening 46, in the upper half capsule, i.e. in the second half capsule 4, until the truncated pole 15 of the first half capsule rests on the upper pole.

[0295] In Figure 77, the piston 43 has completed its telescopic movement, fully entering the cover 42, which tears the thin capsule wall, through an opening made therein by the opening device for the extract to exit the capsule, and crushing the used capsule 1, allowing the used extractable product to escape as the capsule 36 is gradually crushed and opened, releasing the used extractable product 2.

[0296] Figure 78 shows the opening of the used capsule ejector 40 and the extraction of the thin capsule walls, i.e. the second thin capsule wall 6 and the first thin capsule wall 5, emptied of the extractable product 2 collected at the bottom of the collection chamber 41.

[0297] According to one embodiment, the capsule 1 according to the structural variant comprises half capsules 3, 4, each comprising a first half capsule thin-walled section 7 and / or a second half capsule thin-walled section 8, each having a cylindrical wall segment 52 and a spherical cap wall segment 53 with a truncated pole. The assembly of the cylindrical wall segment 52 and the spherical cap wall segment 53 with a truncated pole, i.e. the entire first thin-walled section, is inscribed in an outer hemisphere 60 and circumscribed in an inner hemisphere 61, the difference in diameter between these two hemispheres 60, 61 being less than 10%, preferably less than 5%.

[0298] According to one embodiment, a further structural variant of the capsule 1 comprises half capsules 3, 4, each comprising a first thin-walled section 7 of the first half capsule and / or a first thin-walled section 8 of the second half capsule, each having a cylindrical wall segment 52 and a complete spherical cap wall segment 54, i.e., the spherical cap wall segment 54 without the truncated poles 15 or 16. The assembly of the cylindrical wall segment 52 and the complete spherical cap wall segment 54, i.e., the entire first thin-walled section, is inscribed in an outer hemisphere 60 and circumscribed in an inner hemisphere 61, the difference in diameter between these two hemispheres 60, 61 being less than 10%, preferably less than 5%. [Explanation of symbols]

[0299] 1 capsule 2 Extractable products or ingredients 3. First Half Capsule 4. Second Half Capsule 5. First thin capsule wall 6. Second thin capsule wall 7 First thin-walled portion of first half capsule 8. First thin-walled portion of second half capsule 9 First inner half-chamber 10 Second inner half chamber 11 Second thin-walled portion of first half capsule 12 Second thin-walled portion of second half capsule 13 Annular flange of first half capsule 14 Annular flange of second half capsule 15 Truncated pole of first half capsule 16 Truncated pole of second half capsule 17 Thin-walled section with spherical contour 18 Thin-walled section with spherical polyhedral contour and flat surface 19 Thin-walled boss with spherical contour 20 Thin-walled groove with spherical contour 21 Meridian grooves in thin-walled sections with spherical contours 22 Parallel grooves in thin-walled sections with spherical contours 23 Spiral groove in thin-walled section with spherical contour 24 Steps in thin-walled sections with spherical contours 25 Single Inner Chamber 26 First free flange edge 27 Second free flange edge 28 First flange ring 29 Second flange ring 30 First flange end curl 31 Second flange end curl 32 outer toroid curl segments 33 Medial Toroidal Curl Segment 34 Flange channel between bulb and curl 35 Perforation device for injecting fluid into capsule 36 Opening device for releasing the extract from the capsule 37 filters 38 Filter edge 39 Weakened pole 55 Systems 56 Extraction device 57 Capsule Receptacle 40 Used capsule ejector 41 Collection Chamber 42 Lid 43 Piston 44 Collection chamber opening edge 45 Collection chamber opening 46 Lid opening 47 Outer covering 48 Inner covering 49 Lid edge 50 collection chamber seat 51 Lid seat 52 Cylindrical Wall Section 53 Spherical cap wall segment with truncated poles 54 Full spherical cap 55 Systems 56 Extraction device 57 Capsule Receptacle 60 outer hemisphere 61 Inner hemisphere C center RR Radial D sphere diameter of inner half chamber M Central capsule plane H Distance between truncated poles De: diameter of the circumscribing sphere or outer sphere Di: Diameter of the inscribed or inner sphere

Claims

1. A capsule (1) for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage suitable for consumption using an extractable and / or soluble product (2), such as ground coffee, A first and second half capsule (3, 4) is provided, each of said half capsules (3, 4) comprises a thin capsule wall (5, 6) which allows mechanical resistance and essentially forms a barrier against air, in particular oxygen and humidity; said thin capsule walls (5, 6) integrally forming first thin-walled portions (7, 8) defining substantially hemispherical internal half-chambers (9, 10) adapted to contain said extractable product (2); the thin capsule walls (5, 6) define second thin wall sections (11, 12) which are integral with the first thin wall sections (7, 8) and which are bent to form annular flanges (13, 14) near the largest dimension (D) or equatorial diameter of the inner half-chambers (9, 10) and which project radially (R-R) and outwardly from the first thin wall sections (7, 8); the two half capsules (3, 4) are arranged opposite each other and as mirror images of each other so as to be in contact with at least a portion of the annular flanges (13, 14) where the two half capsules (3, 4) are joined to each other; the mirror-image facing first thin-walled portions (7, 8) define the contour of an overall spherical volume having truncated poles (15, 16); and each of said truncated poles (15, 16) comprises a segment of said thin capsule wall (5, 6) which, when intact before extraction, forms a flat or slightly concave segment slightly curved towards the inside of said first thin wall portion (7, 8).

2. The capsule (1) has the following characteristics: said first thin-walled portions (7, 8) have substantially the same volumetric contour; or said first thin-walled portions (7, 8) define a contour substantially equidistant from the capsule centre (C), except for said truncated poles (15, 16); or said first thin-walled portions (7, 8) facing each other substantially form a sphere with said truncated poles (15, 16), each forming a hemispherical cap profile with a truncated pole; or the opposing first thin-walled portions (7, 8) form first and second internal half-chambers (9, 10) which together define a single internal chamber (25) having a substantially spherical contour with truncated poles; The present invention has one or more of the following features: A capsule (1) according to claim 1.

3. The capsule (1) has the following characteristics: said thin capsule walls (5, 6) are made of a rigid or semi-rigid material; Alternatively, said thin capsule wall (5, 6) comprises at least one aluminum layer; or the thin capsule wall (5, 6) comprises at least one aluminum layer and is obtained by deep drawing; The present invention has one or more of the following features: A capsule (1) according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The thin capsule walls (5, 6) have a uniform thickness. A capsule (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

5. The capsule (1) has the following characteristics: the truncated poles (15, 16) of the opposing half capsules (3, 4) have the same dimensions; or the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) with the truncated poles (15, 16) of the first and second half capsules (3, 4) are identical to each other; The present invention has one or more of the following features: A capsule (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

6. the first and second half capsules (3, 4) are identical; A capsule (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

7. The capsule (1) has the following characteristics: Each of said annular flanges (13, 14) comprises a flat flange segment; or each of said annular flanges (13, 14) comprises a flat flange segment; and the two half capsules (3, 4) are arranged opposite each other and as mirror images of each other so as to contact at least a portion of the flat flange segment. The present invention has one or more of the following features: A capsule (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

8. A capsule (1) having a mirror image shape with respect to its midplane (M), The first and second half capsules (3, 4) face each other, their recesses being mirror images of each other, so as to form first and second internal half chambers (9, 10), and together forming a substantially spherical single internal chamber (25) with the truncated poles (15, 16). A capsule (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

9. The capsule (1) has the following characteristics: the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17) with the truncated poles (15, 16); Alternatively, the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a contour contained between two spheres, a circumscribing outer sphere and an inscribing inner sphere, the difference in diameter between which is less than 10%, preferably less than 5%; or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a contour comprised between two spheres with the truncated poles (15, 16), a circumscribing outer sphere and an inscribing inner sphere, the difference in diameter between which is less than 10%, preferably less than 5%; or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical polyhedron profile (18); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical polyhedron profile (18) with the truncated poles (15, 16); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical polyhedron profile (18) with flat faces; or the assembly of said first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of said first and second half capsules has a spherical polyhedron profile (18) with flat faces and said truncated poles (15, 16); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical polyhedron profile (18) with flat faces, each face being triangular; or the assembly of said first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of said first and second half capsules has a spherical polyhedron profile (18) with flat faces and said truncated poles (15, 16), each face being triangular; or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical polyhedron profile (18) with flat faces, each face being pentagonal; or the assembly of said first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of said first and second half capsules has a spherical polyhedron profile (18) with flat faces and said truncated poles (15, 16), each face being pentagonal; or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical polyhedron profile (18) with flat faces, each face being a circle; or the assembly of said first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of said first and second half capsules has a spherical polyhedron profile (18) with flat faces and said truncated poles (15, 16), each face being a circle; or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17) with a boss (19); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17) with the truncated poles (15, 16) and a boss (19); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17) with a groove (20); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17) with the truncated poles (15, 16) and grooves (20); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17) with meridian grooves (21); or the assembly of said first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of said first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17) with meridian grooves (21) and said truncated poles (15, 16); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17) with parallel grooves (22); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17) with parallel grooves (22) and the truncated poles (15, 16); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17) with a spiral groove (23); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17) with a spiral groove (23) and the truncated poles (15, 16); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17) with a step (24); or the assembly of the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules has a spherical contour (17) with a step (24) and the truncated poles (15, 16). The present invention has one or more of the following features: A capsule (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

10. The capsule (1) has the following characteristics: The capsule (1) has a difference between the maximum equatorial diameter (D) and the interpolar distance (H) measured between the truncated poles (15, 16) of less than 10%, preferably 5%; or the ratio of the distance between said truncated poles (15, 16) to said maximum equatorial diameter (D) is between 90% and 75%; or the truncated poles (15, 16) are equidistant from the centres (C) of the pair of first thin-walled sections (7, 8) of the first and second half capsules; The present invention has one or more of the following features: A capsule (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

11. at least the portions of the annular flanges (13, 14) of the two half capsules (3, 4) positioned in contact with each other are heat-sealed to each other so that the internal chamber (25) formed by the first and second internal half chambers (9, 10) is sealed from the environment outside the capsule (1); A capsule (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

12. A capsule (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, The capsule (1) has the following characteristics: at least one of the annular flanges (13 or 14) of the half capsules (3 or 4) has a free flange edge (26 or 27) forming a flange ring (28 or 29), the flange ring (28 or 29) having a ring thickness greater than the height of the portion of the annular flange (13 or 14) arranged in contact with the adjacent half capsule (4 or 3); or at least one of the annular flanges (13 or 14) of the half capsules (3 or 4) has a free flange edge (26 or 27) forming a flange ring (28 or 29), the flange ring (28 or 29) having an overall ring thickness greater than the thickness of the portion of the annular flange (13 or 14) arranged in contact with the adjacent half capsule (4 or 3). The present invention has one or more of the following features: A capsule (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

13. The capsule (1) has the following characteristics: Both said half capsules (3 and 4) are provided with said flange rings (28 and 29); or both said half capsules (3 and 4) are provided with said flange rings (28 and 29), said flange rings (28, 29) being arranged as mirror images of each other; or both said half capsules (3 and 4) are provided with said flange rings (28 and 29) arranged side by side in said radial direction (RR); Alternatively, the flange ring (28 or 29) is toroidal in shape; or said flange ring (28 or 29) is formed with a folded portion of said free flange edge (26 or 27); or the flange ring (28 or 29) is formed with a folded portion of the free flange edge (26 or 27) having an overall toroidal volumetric shape; and said flange ring (28 or 29) is made integral with said flange (13 or 14) and is formed with a folded portion of said free flange edge (26 or 27) shaped as a flange end curl (30 or 31); or the flange ring (28 or 29) extends so as to reside entirely within the half-space defined by the central capsule plane (M) in which the thin-walled portion (7 or 8) of the half capsule forming the flange (13 or 14) lies; or said flange ring (28 or 29) is made integral with said flange (13 or 14) and is formed with a folding of said free flange edge (26 or 27) formed as a flange end curl (30 or 31), said flange end curl (30 or 31) extending to remain entirely within the same half-space defined by the central capsule plane (M) in which lie the thin-walled parts (7 or 8) of the half capsules forming said flange (13 or 14); or said flange end curl (30 or 31) extends from the flat flange portion (13 or 14) towards the half-space defined by the central capsule plane (M) in which the first thin-walled portion (7 or 8) of the first half capsule lies; or said flange ring (28 or 29) extends together with the flange (13 or 14) and extends from it so as to remain substantially in the half-space defined by the central capsule plane (M) and said flange (13 or 14), and extends from there on the side opposite said thin-walled portion (7 or 8) of the half-capsule forming said flange (13 or 14); or the flange ring (28 or 29) is made integral with the flange (13 or 14) and is formed with a folded portion of the free flange edge (26 or 27) formed as a flange end curl (30 or 31), which, together with the flange (13 or 14), remains substantially within the half-space defined by the central capsule plane (M) and the flange (13 or 14) and extends on the side opposite to the half-space in which the thin-walled portion (7 or 8) of the half capsule forming the flange (13 or 14) is located; Alternatively, the flange end curl (30 or 31) comprises an outer toroidal curl segment (32) and an inner toroidal curl segment (33) folded inside the outer toroidal curl segment (32); Alternatively, the thin-walled portion (7 or 8) of the half capsule and the outer toroidal curl segment (32) form a flanged channel (34) with a flat bottom; Alternatively, the thin wall portion (7 or 8) of the half capsule and the outer toroidal curl segment (32) form a profile having an odd power function in a cross section including the radial direction R-R. The present invention has one or more of the following features: Capsule (1) according to claim 12.

14. The capsule (1) has the following characteristics: said capsule (1) comprising two mirror-image half-capsules (3, 4) meeting at a mid-plane (M); or a capsule (1) comprising two mirror-image half capsules (3, 4) meeting in a central plane (M), both half capsules (3, 4) being provided with flange rings (28, 29), said flange rings being elevated and therefore not in contact with said central plane (M); The present invention has one or more of the following features: A capsule (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

15. The capsule (1) has the following characteristics: at least one of said truncated poles (15, 16) is adapted to receive at least one piercing device (35) for injecting fluid into said capsule (1); or both of said truncated poles (15, 16) are adapted to receive at least one perforation device (35) for injecting fluid into said capsule (1); or at least one of said truncated poles (15, 16) is adapted to receive at least one opening device (36) for allowing the extract to exit from said capsule (1); or both of said truncated poles (15, 16) are adapted to receive at least one opening device (36) for allowing the extract to exit from said capsule (1); Or said capsule (1) is adapted to be inserted into the brewing chamber of a system (55) for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage using an extractable product; Alternatively, the capsule (1) can be inserted into the brewing chamber of a system (55) for preparing a given amount of beverage using an extractable product in any polarity direction, and therefore also with the polarity of its truncated poles (15, 16) reversed. The present invention has one or more of the following features: A capsule (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

16. The capsule (1) has the following characteristics: a filter (37) is present in said internal half-chambers (9, 10) at least close to at least one of said truncated poles (15, 16); or a filter (37) is present in said internal half-chamber (9, 10) at least close to at least one of said truncated poles (15, 16) adapted to receive at least one perforation device (35); or a filter (37) is present in said internal half-chamber (9, 10) at least close to at least one of said truncated poles (15, 16) adapted to receive at least one opening device (36); Alternatively, a filter (37) is present in said internal half-chamber (9, 10) at least close to at least one of said truncated poles (15, 16) adapted to receive at least one perforation device (35), and a filter (37) is present in said internal half-chambers (9, 10) at least close to at least one of said truncated poles (15, 16) adapted to receive at least one opening device (36). The present invention has one or more of the following features: A capsule (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

17. said filter (37) separating the extractable product (2) from said first thin-walled portions (7 and / or 8) at said truncated poles (15 and / or 16); Capsule (1) according to claim 16.

18. The filter (37) is disc-shaped. Capsule (1) according to claim 16 or 17.

19. The capsule (1) has the following characteristics: said filter (37) is connected to said thin walls (7 and / or 8); or said filter (37) is connected to said thin walls (7 and / or 8) outside said truncated poles (15 and / or 16); or said filter (37) is connected at its concave portion to said thin walls (7 and / or 8); Alternatively, the filter (37) comprises a filter edge (38), the filter (37) being connected to the thin walls (7, 8) along the entirety of the filter edge (38); Alternatively, said filter (37) is made of a material that can be heat-sealed to said thin walls (7, 8); Alternatively, said filter (37) comprises a filter edge (38), at least said filter edge (38) being made of a material that can be heat-sealed to said thin walls (7, 8); or the thin capsule wall (5, 6) is provided with a varnish layer at least on its side facing the first or second inner half-chamber (9, 10), the filter (37) being made of a material adapted to hold to the varnish layer of the thin capsule wall (5, 6) when heated, preferably by heat sealing; or the thin capsule wall (5, 6) is provided with a varnish layer at least on its side facing the first or second inner half-chamber (9, 10), and the filter (37) is made of a material comprising at least one cellulose-based layer; or the thin capsule wall (5, 6) is provided with a varnish layer at least on its side facing the first or second inner half-chamber (9, 10), and the filter (37) is made of a material comprising at least one cellulose-based layer; and the filter (37) has a filter edge (38), at least the filter edge (38) being heat-sealed to the varnish layer. The present invention has one or more of the following features: Capsule (1) according to any one of claims 16 to 18.

20. The filter (37) allows the extract to pass through but blocks fine particles of the extractable product (2); Capsule (1) according to any one of claims 16 to 19.

21. A system (55) for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage using an extractable product (2), comprising: A capsule (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, an extractor (56) comprising a receptacle (57) for receiving said capsule (1), a piercing device (35) for injecting a fluid into said capsule, and an opening device (36) for said extract to exit said capsule; A system (55) comprising:

22. A system (55) comprising the following features: The extractor (56) comprises a flange ring seat (57) adapted to receive the flange rings (28, 29) of the capsule (1); or the extraction device (56) comprises a flange ring seat (57) adapted to receive the flange rings (28, 29) of the capsule (1) when the two half capsules (3, 4) comprise mirror image flange rings (28, 29) that overlap along a direction perpendicular to the central capsule plane (M); or the extractor (56) comprises a flange ring seat (57) adapted to receive the flange ring (28, 29) of the capsule (1) when the two half capsules (3, 4) have flange rings (28, 29) arranged side by side radially relative to the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the half capsules; or when the two half capsules (3, 4) comprise flange rings (28, 29) arranged side by side along a radial direction relative to the first thin-walled portions (7, 8) of the half capsules, and when the two half capsules (3, 4) comprise mirror-image flange rings (28, 29) overlapping along a direction perpendicular to the capsule mid-plane (M), the extractor (56) comprises a flange ring seat (57) adapted to receive the flange rings (28, 29) of the capsule (1). The present invention has one or more of the following features: A system (55) according to claim 21 when dependent on any one of claims 12 to 14.

23. 21. A method for extracting a beverage from a capsule (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, comprising an extractable product (2), when the capsule (1) is inserted into a system (55) according to any one of claims 21 or 22, comprising the following steps: inserting the capsule (1) into the receptacle (57) of the extractor (56) and closing the receptacle (57) so as to pierce at least one of the truncated half-capsule poles (15, 16) by the piercing device (35) for injecting a fluid into the capsule; injecting a fluid into the capsule (1) by means of the perforation device (35) for injecting a fluid into the capsule; An extraction method comprising:

24. a further step of injecting a fluid into the capsule (1) by the perforating device (35) for injecting the fluid into the capsule so as to increase the pressure of the fluid in the single internal chamber (25), thereby deforming the opposite truncated poles (16, 15) until they interfere with the opening device (36) for exiting the extract from the capsule by opening the capsule and extracting the extractable product extract.

24. The extraction method of claim 23.

25. During said deformation, the filter (37) is deformed but remains intact at the opposite truncated poles (16, 15) and its opening by the opening device (36) for the extract to exit from the capsule.

25. The extraction method according to claim 24, which is dependent on any one of claims 16 to 19.

26. During the closure of the receptacle (57) when receiving the capsule (1), the opening device (36) for the extraction from the capsule opens the opposite truncated poles (16, 15).

24. The extraction method of claim 23.

27. at least one of said truncated poles (15, 16) comprises a weakened pole (39), said thin walls (7, 8) being reduced in thickness and weakened to allow opening of said capsule (1) by interaction with at least one of said piercing device (35) for injecting a fluid into said capsule and / or said opening device (36) for the exit of said extract from said capsule; 27. The extraction method according to any one of claims 23 to 26.

28. The capsule (1) may be inserted into the receptacle (57) in any polarity, allowing the opening and extraction in any inserted direction; Alternatively, the capsule (1) is inserted into the receptacle (57) having a first truncated pole (15) facing the perforation device (35) for injecting fluid into the capsule and an opposite truncated pole (16) facing the opening device (36) for the extract to exit from the capsule, or having an opposite truncated pole (16) facing the perforation device (35) for injecting fluid into the capsule and the first truncated pole (15) facing the opening device (36) for the extract to exit from the capsule.

28. The extraction method according to any one of claims 23 to 27.

29. A used capsule ejection device (40) for separating a used extractable product (2) from a thin capsule wall (5, 6) of a capsule (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, said device comprising: a collection chamber (41) having a collection chamber opening edge (44) defining a collection chamber opening (45) adapted to receive at least a first or second thin-walled portion (7 or 8) of a half capsule, the annular flange (13 or 14) of the first or second half capsule resting on the collection chamber opening edge (44); the collection chamber opening edge (44) comprises, near its edge opposite the collection chamber opening (45), a collection chamber seat (50) adapted to receive the first or second flange ring (28 or 29); The used capsule ejection device (40) comprises a tubular cover (42) with a cover opening (46) for receiving a freely sliding piston (43); The cover (46) comprises an outer cover ring (47) fitted around the outside of the collection chamber (44) and an inner cover ring (48) placed against the collection chamber opening edge (44) together with its cover edge (49), thereby sandwiching the annular flange (13) of the first half capsule and the annular flange (14) of the second half capsule of the used capsule (1) placed on the collection chamber (44) between the edges (49 and 44). the cover (42) comprises a cover seat (51) adapted to receive the second or first flange ring (29 or 28); and a used capsule ejection device (40), wherein the piston (43) may slide within the cover opening (46) to interfere with the used capsule (1) and crush it towards the collection chamber (44).

30. 33. A method for separating used extractable product (2) from a capsule (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 20 by means of a device (40) according to claim 32, comprising: The capsule (1) is placed on the collection chamber opening edge (44) with the annular flange of its lower half capsule, e.g., the annular flange (13) of the first half capsule, and its flange ring, e.g., the first flange ring (28), accommodated in the collection chamber seat (50); The cover (42) is fitted onto the outside of the collection chamber (41), and the cover edge (49) is abutted against the annular flange (14) of the second half capsule, clamping the annular flange (14) of the second half capsule against the annular flange (13) of the first half capsule and the collection chamber opening edge (44); the piston (43) slides telescopically in its seat provided in the cover (42), i.e. in the cover opening (46), until it rests on the upper pole, i.e. the truncated pole (15) of the first half capsule of the upper half capsule, i.e. the second half capsule (4); The movement of the piston (43) continues until the piston (43) completes its retractable movement, fully penetrating into the cover (42) and crushing the used capsule (1), tearing the thin capsule wall through the opening made therein by the opening device (36) for the extract to escape from the capsule, allowing the extractable product to escape as the capsule (1) is gradually crushed and opened, thereby releasing the used extractable product (2).

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