Cable systems for structural members and tensioning members, methods for replacing tensioning members, and their use.

Abstract

To facilitate the replacement of main cables used in structures and to reduce their deterioration. [Solution] The present invention relates to a cable system (10), method, and use thereof for one or both of tensioning elements such as suspension bridges and structural elements such as extended roofs of buildings, the cable system comprising a main cable (12), hangers (22), and clamps (24). The main cable (12) comprises a pipe (11) as a housing, one or more tension elements (15) provided within the pipe (11) to transmit longitudinal tensile forces along the main cable (12), and compression elements (16) provided to surround at least a portion of the tension elements (15) and to be subjected to radial and possibly longitudinal compression. The hangers (22) are connected to the main cable (12) via clamps (24) so ​​that the force of the hangers is introduced only to the compression elements (16) and further transmitted radially from the compression elements (16) to the tension elements (15).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of civil engineering including structural elements (e.g., buildings) or tension elements (e.g., bridge cables). The present invention can be applied to load-bearing structures or elements. The present invention also relates to a method of installing its system in load-bearing structures and tension elements.

Background Art

[0002] The cables for cable-stayed bridges, footbridges or suspension bridges are used for the safe support of the load of the bridge and traffic loads. Similarly, the cables can also be applied to extended roofs for stadiums or arenas.

[0003] In the example of a bridge, the vertical load is transmitted as tension through the cable to the main tower, and the main tower transmits it to the ground through the anchor by vertical compression. At this time, it must resist the tensile force inside the cable and sometimes the tensile force in the vertical direction. A suspension bridge can be regarded as an upside-down arch in a tension state where only the main tower receives compressive force. Since the floor is suspended in the air, care must be taken not to move excessively under load. Therefore, the deck must be heavy, rigid, or both.

[0004] The deck of a suspension bridge is supported by the main cable using intermediate connecting hangers. Conventional suspension bridges include a main tower, a deck, a main cable, hangers, and clamps for hanging the hangers on the main cable. The hangers can be arranged vertically or inclined (see FIGS. 1A and 1B). [[ID= (22]]

[0005] [[ID= (23]] [[ID= (24]] [[ID= (25]]

[0006] [[ID= (26]] ​Because main cables are an essential function for the entire bridge system, replacing them requires overcoming numerous difficulties. Replacing main cables often necessitates reducing or completely halting traffic. Nevertheless, most existing main cables are either impossible to replace, or, when replacement is necessary and possible, extremely complicated and costly, usually causing significant disruption to traffic flow.

[0007] Furthermore, since clamps in conventional technology are typically directly connected to the tension elements of the main cables, such connections induce rapid aging and deterioration of bridge components, or a phenomenon known as fatigue corrosion fretting. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0008] Therefore, there is an expectation for the provision of a new cable system, a new method, and the use of such a cable system that will resolve at least some of the aforementioned problems.

[0009] The inventors of this invention, drawing on the latest engineering and architectural knowledge, have found an effective solution to the aforementioned problems, thereby proposing a new cable system and method. The cable system proposed herein is more durable because the tensile elements are not compressed directly and radially by friction clamps, which tend to increase wear.

[0010] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a cable system for use with one or both of tension members such as suspension bridges and structural members such as extending roofs of buildings. The cable system comprises a main cable, hangers, and clamps. The main cable comprises a pipe as a housing, one or more tension elements provided within the pipe to transmit longitudinal tensile forces along the main cable, and compression elements provided to surround at least a portion of the tension elements and to be subjected to radial and optionally longitudinal compression. The hangers are connected to the main cable via clamps so that the force of the hangers is introduced only to the compression elements and further transmitted radially from the compression elements to the tension elements.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for providing a cable system for one or both of the structural elements and tensile elements described above. This method is a) The step of providing the tension element inside the pipe of the main cable, b) Providing a compression element that at least partially surrounds the tension element which is subjected to radial compression and optionally axial compression; It is equipped with.

[0012] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a cable system as described in several claims. This use is for adjusting one or more tension elements located within a main cable conduit.

[0013] In one preferred embodiment, one or more cavities and / or ducts are provided for adjusting multiple tension elements. The above duct may be formed, for example, by a cavity. The cavity may comprise a duct and other gaps that house components or elements related to the cable system. One or both of the cavity and the duct may be located within the main cable conduit and house tension elements, and possibly other components and elements related to the cable system. The cavity may be formed by a tubular element. The cavity is, One that functions as the inner formwork of the compression element, They may be removed before the introduction of tensile elements, or they may be left in place, or both. Because the tension elements are not "embedded" or "bonded" to the main cable, they can be easily replaced as needed. In this modified version, the proposed cable system facilitates the replacement of the main cable (e.g., tension elements). With one or both of the cavities and / or ducts provided within the main cable conduit, the tension elements can be placed within the cavities or individual ducts. This facilitates the replacement of the main cable. Since each tension element can be isolated, loosened, and replaced individually, it is not necessary to replace the entire main cable at once. As a result, maintenance costs are reduced, and the impact on traffic is minimized.

[0014] In this regard, it is disclosed that compression elements are provided such that they at least partially surround tension elements to be subjected to radial compression and, optionally, axial compression. This means, for example, that compression elements are provided peripherally around tension elements in a particular portion (or section) of the main cable, and do not necessarily extend along the entire length of the tension elements (and the main cable).

[0015] In one embodiment, the tubular element is provided for the introduction of either or both a cavity and / or a duct, or One or more tubular elements are provided within the main cable, functioning as removable formwork for introducing compression elements between tubular elements, thereby forming one or more cavities and ducts, or both, for housing tension elements. In other words, such tubular elements can be used to maintain their shape for the installation of compression elements. More advantageously, such tubular elements can contribute to the compression elements themselves. For example, in one modification, the tubular elements remain positioned within the compression elements, maintaining their shape and serving as a cavity for introducing ducts or tension elements. Additionally, the tubular elements may function as removable formwork, which is removed once the compression elements have hardened. In this case, the cavity formed in the concrete is used for introducing ducts or tension elements. If the tubular elements are made of metal, they can also contribute and be useful as an additional function of the compression elements.

[0016] In another embodiment, the tubular element is provided for the introduction of either or both a cavity and / or a duct, or One or more tubular elements are provided within the main cable, functioning as removable formwork for introducing compression elements between tubular elements, thereby forming one or more cavities and / or ducts for housing tension elements. For example, cavities may be left empty to provide inspection ports accessible to (or allowing the insertion and removal of) endoscopes or other inspection equipment.

[0017] In one embodiment, multiple tension and compression elements are arranged coaxially within a pipe. That is, they are arranged so that the centroids of their respective cross-sections coincide.

[0018] In another embodiment of this invention, the filler is provided in a plurality of cavities or in the space between a tension element and a tubular element. The filler is preferably a soft or liquid filler. Such a filler is easy to introduce into the main cable.

[0019] In yet another embodiment, the compression element comprises a matrix (base material, base) of a rigid filler such as mortar, concrete, polymer concrete, fly ash concrete, or wood concrete.

[0020] In a further variant of the present invention, the compression element has a compression strength of at least about 5 MPa or about 10 MPa to 100 MPa, preferably about 50 MPa.

[0021] In another embodiment of the present invention, the compression element is provided only at the corresponding part of the main cable (for example, where the clamp is arranged, or the deviation range at the top of the main tower). This advantageously reduces the weight of the main cable while maintaining its function. Further, preferably, plugs and seals are provided. In that case, the space inside the pipe and between the ducts is enclosed by a plug with a seal, and a leak-free joint is formed between each of the plurality of ducts and the ducts. In some cases, the compression element may also be provided within the range of a plurality of clamps and at the top of the main tower.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, at least a part of the remaining portion of the main cable or cavity is provided with a non-structural cavity filler such as a soft material, liquid, foam, air, expanded polymer, etc.

[0023] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the filler provided between the space inside the pipe and the plurality of ducts is enclosed by a plug with a seal, and a leak-free joint is formed between the plurality of ducts.

[0024] In a variant of the present invention, a part of the clamp comprises a first substantially annular part that wraps around or attaches to the main cable, and the diameter of the first part is slightly larger than the pipe of the main cable, and a part of the clamp comprises the first part, the clamp comprises a second part that is a lug plate to which a hanger is attached is one or both of them. Such a clamp not only avoids the permanent fixing of the hanger to the clamp (which may cause problems such as rapid aging, deterioration, or fatigue corrosion fretting of the bridge member), but also facilitates the replacement of the hanger.

[0025] In yet another embodiment, the main cable includes a plurality of sections having an injection vent and a sealed end for grout injection.

[0026] In yet another embodiment, tensile elements are provided in a plurality of ducts before the compression elements are disposed on the main cable.

[0027] In a variant of the present invention, one or more tubular elements serving as a removable formwork are arranged in the main cable, leaving cavities for introducing compression elements.

[0028] Preferably, before the step of arranging a plurality of tensile elements inside the tube of the main cable, one or more of the cavities and ducts are arranged in the tube for accommodating the plurality of tensile elements. In yet another variant, a plurality of tubular elements are arranged as a removable formwork for creating one or both of the cavities and ducts.

[0029] In yet another embodiment, a plurality of tensile elements are mounted on one or both of the cavities and ducts before the compression elements are disposed on the tube of the main cable.

[0030] In one embodiment, the cable system described above is used for replacing existing tensile elements of the main cable. Before being replaced with new tensile elements, the existing tensile elements are removed from the anchorage side terminals, removed from the individual cavities, and then fixed to the anchorage at both ends of the new tensile elements.

[0031] “About” or “approximately” or the like with respect to a given numerical value means a numerical value within 10% of the specified value. All numerical values given in this disclosure are understood to be complemented by the word “about” unless the contrary is clear from the context.

[0032] The English indefinite articles “a” or “an” (in Japanese, “1” or “one”) are not intended to exclude pluralities and are to be taken broadly.

[0033] As used herein, the term “structural element” refers to the basic components of a building structure that form a structural framework, consisting of beams, columns, roof terraces, slabs, columns, girders, other structural members, and connections, or any combination thereof.

[0034] As used herein, the term “tensile element” refers to an element that transmits tension but not compression. Tension elements are sometimes provided in structural elements to support loads. The tension elements described herein may be used, for example, in bridge cables that have multiple tension elements (also known as tendons).

[0035] As used herein, the term “compression element” refers to an element subjected to axial compressive force, and also to the element being pushed or bearing a load. Compressive force occurs when a physical force pushes an object inward, causing it to be compressed.

[0036] As used herein, the term "clamp" refers to a force F Ed This refers to a structural item designed to transmit signals from a hanger to the main cable.

[0037] For this purpose, it should be reiterated that, according to the present invention, it is not necessarily limited to main cables, but can theoretically be applied to all types of cables equipped with hangers. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0038] [Figure 1A] Figure 1A shows a schematic diagram of a suspension bridge with a vertical hanger configuration. [Figure 1B] Figure 1B shows a schematic diagram of a suspension bridge with an inclined hanger arrangement. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the tensile element of the main cable according to prior art. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows one embodiment of the main cable according to the present invention. [Figure 4A]Figure 4A shows a clamp according to one embodiment of the present invention when connecting the main cable and the hanger in a vertical hanger arrangement. [Figure 4B] Figure 4B shows a force transmission mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention when the main cable and hanger are connected in a vertical hanger arrangement. [Figure 4C] Figure 4C shows a clamp installed on the main cable according to one embodiment of the present invention, when the main cable and hanger are connected in a vertical hanger configuration. [Figure 5A] Figure 5A shows a clamp according to one embodiment of the present invention, which connects the main cable and the hanger in an inclined hanger arrangement. [Figure 5B] Figure 5B shows a force transmission mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention, in which the main cable and hanger are connected in an inclined hanger arrangement. [Figure 5C] Figure 5C shows a clamp attached to the main cable in one embodiment of the present invention, which connects the main cable and the hanger in an inclined hanger arrangement. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows an example of a plug with a seal installed at the end of the main cable. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0039] The inventors of this invention propose a cable system, method, and more durable method of use in which tension elements are not directly compressed radially by friction clamps, which tend to experience increased wear. Furthermore, according to preferred modifications of the invention, the tension elements of the cable can be easily replaced. The cable can be replaced in a more efficient manner, thereby keeping maintenance costs low. Moreover, the current method also minimizes disruption to traffic.

[0040] Figures 1A and 1B show two different suspension bridges with main cables 12, piers 21, hangers 22 (hanger cables 22), main towers 23, decks 30, and anchorages 33. The main cables 12 are positioned on the main towers 23, and both ends are secured by anchorages 33. The weight of the decks 30 and the traffic load are primarily supported by the main cables 12, which are supported using intermediate connecting hangers 22. These hangers 22 can be positioned vertically (as shown in Figure 1A) or at an angle (as shown in Figure 1B). The former (vertical positioning) is more common than the latter.

[0041] One or more main cables 12 are installed on either side of the bridge, and the length of the main span ranges from a few meters to several hundred meters. However, in smaller suspension bridges, a single cable is often used as the main cable 12, with one on each side, or a monocable. The cable itself, also called a tendon, is mainly formed by a number of tension elements (equipped with multiple wires or strands). These tension elements usually have a large number of surplus elements. This is because they are designed so that the overall safety of the bridge is not compromised even if a limited number of individual strands or wires fail. A commonly used tension element can be formed by seven wire steel strands, which are standard tension elements for multiple wires or cables. Due to their high strength and wide use, they are considered the cheapest means of transmitting a given tensile load.

[0042] Figure 2 shows an example of a main cable 12 in the prior art, in which individual tension elements 15 are closely arranged to form a main cable 12 suitable for use as a structural or tension element. In this example, the tension elements 15 are arranged in parallel, covered with an outer sheath 31, and held firmly in place by a steel strip 32. Hangers 22 are connected to the main cable 12 by clamps 24 that transmit load to the main cable 12. Such a main cable 12 is difficult to replace, and in many cases, the hangers 22, clamps 24, and bridge deck slab 30 must be removed before the main cable 12 can be replaced.

[0043] To overcome the difficulty of replacing the main cable, a new type of cable is proposed, as shown in Figure 3 and the following figures. The main cable 12 comprises a conduit 11 as a housing. Within the conduit 11 are a plurality of cavities 17 arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the main cable 12. A configuration generally proposed in the present invention is a conduit-like structure suitable for housing objects such as the tension elements in this embodiment. In this embodiment, a conduit 18 is provided within the conduit 11, and the individual cavities 17 are formed before the introduction of the tension elements 15. The space between the conduit 18 and the conduit 11 can then be filled with compression elements 16, mainly made of cement mortar. Since each tension element 15 is located within its own cavities 17, it can be individually replaced without impairing the main function of the main cable 12. In this regard, the individual tension elements 15 shown in Figure 3 are disclosed to be bare strands with or without galvanizing, but the invention is also applicable to polyethylene-coated strands with an additional corrosion-preventive layer.

[0044] For this purpose, it is disclosed that compression elements 16, usually initially provided in the form of grout, are injected into the main cables 12 after the individual ducts 18 and preferably all tension elements 15 have been installed within the pipes 11. This allows the compression elements to harden according to the shape of the ducts 18 and the tensioned main cables 12 before the tension elements 15 are tensioned and fixed.

[0045] Furthermore, the compression element 16 can be filled along the entire length of the main cable 12. Since the compression element 16 is a hard (solid) filler such as mortar, the weight of the main cable 12 will inevitably increase. Alternatively, depending on the situation, the compression element 16 may be introduced only in certain sections of the main cable 12, such as the area where clamps 24 are placed to attach the hangers 22 of the main cable 12 to the main cable 12, or the cable deviation area at the top of the main tower 23. In this embodiment, the rest of the main cable may be left hollow without filler instead of the compression element 16, or alternatively, it may be filled with other lightweight materials such as foam to fill the space and maintain the parallel pattern of the individual ducts 18.

[0046] Figure 4A shows an example of a clamp 24 that can be installed to connect the main cable 12 and the hanger 22 (see Figure 4B). The clamp 24 according to this invention applies force F from the hanger 22 to the main cable 12. Ed It is a structural member designed to transmit signals.

[0047] For this purpose, we reaffirm that the main cable 12 comprises two main components arranged longitudinally. The first component is a tension element 15, which is responsible for transmitting longitudinal tensile forces. The second component, a compression element 16, is responsible for transmitting compressive forces. In other words, the compression element 16 is made of a rigid material. It is disclosed herein that the two components are not directly connected, for example, in the longitudinal direction. Nevertheless, forces can be transmitted laterally, for example, at the location where the clamp 24 is located. The compression element 16 may be cement mortar comprising standard or ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC).

[0048] Figures 4A, 4B, and 4C illustrate one embodiment of how the hanger 22 may be attached to the main cable 12 via the clamp 24 in a vertical hanger arrangement.

[0049] The clamp 24 comprises a first portion 24a that is substantially cylindrical in shape, the diameter of which is slightly larger than the tube 11 of the main cable 12. This first portion 24a of the clamp 24 surrounds the tube 11 and exerts a force F on the compressive component of the main cable 12 by bearings. Ed,┴ This is a structural tube 24e that transmits the lateral component of the signal.

[0050] The clamp 24 further comprises a lug plate 24f and a second part 24b to which the hanger 22 can be attached. Due to this configuration of the clamp 24, the connection between the hanger 22 and the main cable 12 is capable of transmitting longitudinal and lateral loads.

[0051] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4A, the structural pipe 24e is reinforced, and the longitudinal component of the load F of the main cable is supported by the bearings. Ed,|| To transmit this, a horizontal plate 24c may be provided on the first portion 24a.

[0052] Alternatively, a horizontal plate 24d with multiple holes may be provided on the clamp 24 to pass through the duct 18 and maintain the parallel pattern of the tension elements 15 within the main cable 12 (Figure 4A).

[0053] In one embodiment, the gripping clamp 24 may be placed over the pipe 11, as shown in Figure 4C. According to one embodiment, a clamp 24 having a horizontal plate 24c may be used to connect two sections of the pipe 11 in the longitudinal direction.

[0054] In addition, the transverse plates 24d may first be positioned laterally to the main cable 12 at a location of the main cable 12's free length (i.e., the portion of the main cable 12 between two consecutive clamps 24 or between the clamps and the upper deviation area of ​​the main tower 23). The transverse plates 24d have multiple holes that allow the duct 18 to be positioned longitudinally along the main cable 12. Multiple transverse plates 24d may be positioned at different locations on the main cable 12 to support the positioning of the duct 18. Next, the tension elements 15 may be placed inside the duct 18, and then the compression elements 16 may be injected into the space between the duct 18 and the pipe 11. The compression elements 16 are typically injected in the form of grout containing cement material. Once the compression elements 16 reach the required strength, stress can be applied to the tension elements 15, and they can then be fixed in place by the anchorage 33.

[0055] In addition, the cavity 17 may be further filled with a soft filler 19, such as a liquid injection of wax or grease. This liquid injection helps to improve corrosion protection of the tensile element 15.

[0056] Figures 5A, 5B, and 5C show one embodiment of the present invention in which the hanger 22 is attached to the main cable 12 via a clamp 24' in an inclined hanger arrangement.

[0057] The clamp 24' in this embodiment comprises a first portion 24a' having a raindrop-shaped cross-section that surrounds the pipe 11. This first portion 24a' of the clamp 24' is a structural pipe 24e' having a diameter slightly larger than that of the pipe 11.

[0058] The clamp 24' further comprises a second part 24b' having a connecting member to which the hanger 22 can be attached. This configuration of the clamp 24' allows the connection between the hanger 22 and the main cable 12 to transmit only lateral loads, and not longitudinal loads.

[0059] Figure 6 shows an example of a sealed plug 25 installed at the end of a portion of the main cable 12 into which compression elements 16 are injected to fill the space between the ducts 18 (part of the interior of the pipe 11). Figure 6 shows possible configurations of the sealed plug 25, which may be made of an elastic material to form a leak-free joint with the ducts 18 and the interior of the pipe 11. Alternatively, the sealed plug 25 may be made of a rigid polymer material with a watertight seal on the outside and individual sealing rings around each duct 18 and tension element 15. Alternatively, the sealed plug 25 may be made of a packing box formed of two cylindrical layers of polymer material such as UHMW polyethylene or polyamide, equipped with bolts that can compress a deformable cylindrical layer of a highly deformable material such as neoprene.

[0060] As disclosed above, in some cases, the compression elements 16 may be introduced only to a portion of the main cable 12, for example, the displacement range of the top of the main tower 23 and the connection range of the clamps 24. The free length of the main cable 12 may be filled with a lighter material or left with a gap. In this case, before injecting the compression elements 16, the injection portion of the main cable 12 (the multiple clamps 24 and the displacement of the top of the main tower 23) may be prefabricated (parts are made in advance and assembled on site) by introducing tubular elements 20 in the required pattern. It is foreseen that the tubular elements 20 may be removable to form a cavity 17 or to introduce a duct 18. Alternatively, the tubular elements 20 may be left in place to guide the duct 17 (cavity 17, duct 18) when the injection of the compression elements hardens.

[0061] For this purpose, the compression element 16 and clamp 24 of the present invention are present, so that the tension element is not directly compressed by the clamp, and thus the main cable 12 has higher durability, as will be explained again. Furthermore, the compression element 16 provides a hydrophobic environment to the tension element 15, thereby reducing the corrosion rate of the tension element 15. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0062] 10 Cable Systems 11 tube 12 Main Cables 15. Tension elements 16 Compression Elements 17 Cavity 18 ducts 19 Filling material 20 Tubular elements 21 peers 22 Hangers (Hanger Cables) 23 Main tower 24, 24' clamp 24a, 24a' 1st part 24b, 24b' 2nd part 24c horizontal board 24d Horizontal plate with multiple holes 24e, 24e' structural tube 24f lug board 25 Plugs with seals 30 decks 31 Outer covering 32 Steel strip 33 Anchorage

Claims

1. A cable system (10) for one or both of a tensioning element such as a suspension bridge and a structural element such as an extending roof of a building, wherein the cable system comprises a plurality of main cables (12), a plurality of hangers (22), and a plurality of clamps (24), The main cable (12) comprises a pipe (11) as a housing, one or more tension elements (15) provided within the pipe (11) to transmit longitudinal tensile force along the main cable (12), and compression elements (16) provided so as to surround at least a portion of the tension elements (15) and to be subjected to radial compression and, optionally, longitudinal compression. The hanger (22) is connected to the main cable (12) via the clamp (24), and the force of the hanger is introduced only to the compression element (16), and the force of the hanger is further transmitted radially from the compression element (16) to the tension element (15). Cable system (10).

2. The cable system (10) according to claim 1, wherein one or both of the cavities (17) and ducts (18) for housing the tension elements (15) are provided in one or more locations.

3. Multiple tubular elements (20) are provided for the introduction of one or both of the cavity (17) and the duct (18), or One or more tubular elements (20) are provided within the main cable (12) to function as a removable formwork for introducing the compression element (16) between a plurality of tubular elements (20), thereby forming one or more cavities (17) and ducts (18) for housing the tension element (15). The cable system (10) according to claim 2.

4. The cable system (10) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein one or more cavities (17) and ducts (18) are provided inside the pipe (11) to provide access for equipment inspection, endoscopes, temperature, humidity, displacement, or acceleration sensors.

5. The cable system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a plurality of the tension elements (15) and the compression elements (16) are arranged coaxially within the pipe (11).

6. The cable system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the compression element (16) comprises a matrix of a hard filler such as mortar, concrete, polymer concrete, ash concrete, or wood concrete.

7. The cable system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the compression element (16) has a compressive strength of at least about 5 MPa or between about 10 MPa and 100 MPa, preferably about 50 MPa.

8. The cable system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the compression element (16) is provided only in the corresponding portion of the main cable (12) where the clamp (24) is located or in the offset section at the top of the main tower (23).

9. The cable system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least a portion of the main cable (12) or the remaining portion of the cavity (17) is provided with a non-structural cavity filler (19) such as a soft, liquid, foam, air, or expandable polymer.

10. The cable system (10) according to claim 3, wherein the space within the pipe (11) and the filler material (19) provided between the plurality of ducts (18) are sealed by plugs with sealants (25), and leak-free joints are formed between the plurality of ducts.

11. A portion of the clamp (24) comprises a substantially annular first portion (24a) that encloses or attaches the main cable (12), wherein the diameter of the first portion is slightly larger than the tube (11) of the main cable (12), and a portion of the clamp (24) comprises the first portion. The clamp (24) has a second portion (24b) which is a lug plate (24f) to which the hanger (22) can be attached. A cable system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the cable system is one or both of the above.

12. The cable system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the main cable (12) is provided with a plurality of sections having injection vents and sealed ends for grout injection.

13. a) The step of providing the tension element (15) inside the pipe (11) of the main cable (12), b) Providing a compression element (16) that at least partially surrounds the tension element (15) which is subjected to radial compression and optionally axial compression; A method for providing a cable system (10) for one or both of the structural element and the tensile element according to claim 1, comprising:

14. Preferably, prior to step (a) of claim 13, one or more cavities (17) and duct pipes (18) are provided in the pipe (11) that houses the tension element (15), the method according to claim 13.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the tension element (15) is installed in one or both of the cavity (17) and the duct (18) before the compression element (16) is supplied to the pipe (11) of the main cable (12).

16. Use of the cable system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 for housing one or more tension elements (15) located within a conduit (11) of a main cable (12).

17. Before the existing tension elements are replaced with new tension elements (15), they are removed from their anchorage-side ends and taken out of their individual cavities (17), and then the new tension elements are fixed to the anchorage at both ends. Use of the cable system (10) according to claim 16 for replacing existing tension elements of the main cable (12).

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