Illuminated laminated glazing for vehicles and vehicles equipped with said glazing

Abstract

We will improve the expression of light diffusion in lighting glazing, particularly by improving the appearance of the light-emitting design. [Solution] The present invention provides a partially colored laminated glazing (100) having a minimum refractive index n2 between the first and second glass sheets (1, 2), where n2 > n0 and n0 is the refractive index of the second glass sheet (2), a light source (4) coupled to the second glass sheet (2), means (6) for extracting light, and a refractive index n1 on the surface F4

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a lighting laminated glazing for vehicles, particularly a vehicle glazing provided with light-emitting diodes.

Background Art

[0002] Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used for many years in signaling devices (such as traffic signals), in the lighting of direction indicators or position lights of motor vehicles. The advantages of diodes are their long service life, their luminous efficiency, their reliability, their low energy consumption and their compactness, which further enhances the durability of the devices using diodes and reduces the necessary maintenance.

[0003] In recent years, light-emitting diodes have been used, as described in WO 2010 / 049638, in the roofs of motor vehicles powered by light-emitting diodes, particularly in panoramic laminated roofs. The light emitted by the diodes is introduced through the end faces into an inner glazing forming a light guide, and this light is extracted from the glazing by a scattering layer such as a flat enamel containing dielectric scattering particles on the glazing, and the design of the light emission is defined by the surface of this scattering layer.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] It is also possible to improve the diffusion expression of light in a lighting roof or, more generally, in a lighting glazing, particularly by improving the appearance of the light emission design.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a liturgable (or luminescent) laminated glazing for vehicles, particularly road vehicles (passenger cars, trucks, public transport: buses, coaches, etc.) or rail vehicles (trains, subways, trams), preferably curved, preferably roof, or even side windows (including rear windows), (rear) door windows, windshield, or even rear windows, wherein the glazing is - A first transparent (curved) inorganic glass sheet, the sheet is optionally colored, particularly gray or green (bulk colored), the first (transparent) glass sheet having a first main outer surface referred to as surface F1 and a second main inner surface referred to as surface F2 (uncoated or coated with a functional transparent coating, the coating particularly up to 200 nm), and typically having a refractive index nv of at least 1.5, and moreover up to 1.6 or 1.55, in the visible region (particularly a reference wavelength selected from 550 nm to 600 nm, e.g., 550 nm, preferably in the spectral range of a mounted or to be mounted light source), - A second transparent (curved) sheet, the sheet being made of glass, preferably inorganic or organic, particularly clear glass or preferably extra-clear glass, particularly having a thickness of 2.1 mm or less, and having a third main surface referred to as surface F3 and a fourth main surface referred to as surface F4 (facing the interior of the vehicle), the second sheet preferably having a refractive index n0 of at least 1.5, and possibly up to 1.6 or 1.55, particularly at a reference wavelength selected from 550 nm to 600 nm, for example at 550 nm, in the visible region within the spectral range of a light source (attached or to be attached), Between surface F2 and surface F3 (and furthermore, preferably in contact with the uncovered surface F3 and / or the uncovered or coated surface F2), there is one or more intervening layers (e.g., up to 10, 5, 4, 3 or 2 intervening layers), which are dielectric transparent intervening layers having a given refractive index in the visible region (at the reference wavelength). The intervening layer includes a polymer laminate intermediate layer (having one or more intermediate layers). In particular, one or more intervening layers are one or more intermediate layers or mainly one or more intermediate layers. Preferably, there is a (lower) intermediate layer in contact with the uncovered surface F3 and an (upper) intermediate layer in contact with the uncovered or coated surface F2, or a single intermediate layer in contact with the uncovered surface F3 and also in contact with the uncovered or coated surface F2. The first sheet is tinted and / or the first layer among one or more intervening layers is tinted. In particular, the first tinted intermediate layer (especially PVB-based) is in contact with the uncovered or coated surface F2. When some of the intervening layers, intermediate layers (especially PVB-based intermediate layers) are tinted, the first tinted layer is the tinted layer closest to the surface F3. For glazing, n2 is the lowest refractive index in the visible region among the refractive indices of one or more intervening layers (especially intermediate layers) between the surface F3 and up to the first tinted layer including the first tinted layer, or between the surface F3 and the surface F2 when there is no tinted intervening layer. In particular, at the reference wavelength, n2 < n0. Preferably, n2 < n¨0 in the entire spectral range. Typically (especially when the second sheet is made of inorganic glass), n2 < nv.

[0006] The glazing according to the present invention preferably further comprises a light source (preferably multicolor, particularly white, having a broad spectral range of at least 100 nm) optically coupled to a second sheet forming a light guide. In particular, the light source (preferably a diode) is located at the periphery and preferably offset from the clear glass region. The light source may be removable, addable, sold separately, or sold as a kit. The light source may extend linearly (diode array).

[0007] The glazing according to the present invention further comprises means for extracting (guided) light, which is guided in a second sheet (the means for extracting light are optically or even directly connected to the second sheet in contact with surface F3 or surface F4, or are located within the second sheet).

[0008] The glazing according to the present invention preferably further comprises a light source (preferably multicolor) optically coupled to a second sheet forming a light guide, the light source being a peripheral light source, preferably offset from the glass, and preferably a diode. The light source may be removable, addable, sold separately, or sold as a kit. The light source may extend linearly.

[0009] The glazing further provides means for extracting light, which is guided in the second sheet (the means for extracting light are optically or directly connected to the first sheet in contact with surface F3 or F4, or are located within the second sheet).

[0010] In addition, the glazing comprises a transparent dielectric optical protection layer on the surface F4, said layer having a refractive index n1 in the visible range and, in particular at the reference wavelength and even for the entire spectral range of a light source (in particular a polychromatic light source such as RGB or white light), n1 < n2, and having a thickness E1 of at least 100 nm, or even at least 200 nm and less than 1 millimeter, preferably having a maximum thickness E1 of 100 μm, or 50 μm, or 5 μm, or 1 μm, or 500 nm.

[0011] In the prior art roof architecture, contamination of the surface F4 is a factor in the extraction of light and is therefore very noticeable when the light is switched on. This is because the light bounces off the surface F4 and can interact with fingerprints or dust at that time.

[0012] According to the invention, the optical protection layer isolates the surface F4 in the outside air (for example, the tin surface of float glass) from any possible contamination with which it could come into contact. This optical protection layer makes the light guide less susceptible to the influence of surface contamination without impairing the light extraction efficiency.

[0013] The optical protection layer is effective with a suitable thickness E1 because of its transparency, dielectric properties, and choice of refractive index n1. Depending on the available materials and the way the optical protection layer is incorporated, E1 decreases more or less and n2 approaches more or less.

[0014] In particular, its refractive index n2 and thickness E1 are adjusted to allow only evanescent waves at the incident angle of the guided mode (exceeding the critical angle).

[0015] The optical protection layer is optically in contact with the surface F4 on a functional sublayer (such as a barrier), in particular on an inorganic layer, for example with a maximum thickness of 120 nm or 100 nm, and in particular on a layer having a refractive index greater than n2 (and n1) in the visible range and in particular at the reference wavelength.

[0016] For simplicity, the optical protective layer (especially the coating) can be in direct contact with surface F4 (deposited directly on surface F4).

[0017] The optical protective layer (film or coating) may preferably have a light absorption rate of 3% or less, or even 1%, in the visible region (at a reference wavelength or even across the entire visible region).

[0018] The outer edge of the optical protective layer may be offset from the clear glass region defined, for example, by the peripheral inner masking layer (forming peripheral frame masking) between surfaces F2 and F3, and the optical protective layer may extend, in particular, up to 10 cm or up to 3 cm below this inner masking layer (especially enamel, e.g., black).

[0019] A reference wavelength of 550 nm can be selected for all refractive indices according to the present invention, and furthermore, in accordance with DIN 67507. Preferably, the correlation n1 between refractive indices.<n2およびn0> n² holds true for the entire visible spectral range of the light source, or the entire visible region.

[0020] The applicant confirmed that the absorption of visible light by the contamination layer is not negligible. However, the absorption of visible light under normal incidence remains low because the light passes through the contamination layer perpendicularly. The interaction between radiation and the contamination layer occurs only at the thickness ef of the contamination layer.

[0021] However, the situation is different for waveguide mode light when the contamination layer is located directly above the surface F4 of the light guide, because the guided light is likely to interact with the contamination layer. Waveguide mode rays are "grazing" rays that propagate along an incidence θ greater than approximately 78° in a configuration having a lower intermediate layer based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and a second inorganic glass sheet.

[0022] Thus, a significant proportion of the light that comes into contact with this contamination layer is at a grazing angle and is therefore likely to be absorbed.

[0023] Therefore, waveguide mode rays pass through the contamination layer over a distance equivalent to ef / cos(θ). The steeper this angle, the smaller cos(θ) becomes, the longer the distance over which waveguide mode rays interact with the contamination layer, and therefore the greater the proportion of rays that are absorbed.

[0024] This explains why, depending on the light emitted from the light source to the light guide, the high waveguide mode absorption of the contamination layer at the grazing angle can cause changes, discoloration, reduction, or even disappearance of the light-emitting zone as it moves away from the light source.

[0025] Therefore, in order to preserve the light-emitting zone, the inventors selected an optical protective layer, which results in lower absorption and thus better preservation of the waveguide mode with respect to its total intensity.

[0026] The optical protective layer is effective at a reasonable thickness E1 due to its transparency, dielectric properties, and choice of refractive index n1. Depending on the available materials and how the optical protective layer is incorporated, E1 can be reduced to some extent, and n2 can be brought closer to the desired thickness.

[0027] In particular, its refractive index n1 and thickness E1 are adjusted to allow only evanescent waves at the incident angle of the waveguide mode (above the critical angle).

[0028] The thickness of the colored material limits the temperature rise in the passenger compartment. The colored intervening layer (interlayer, or additional colored polymer film, e.g., a first colored layer, optionally a single layer) preferably extends over substantially the entire glazing, particularly at least 80% or 90%. Molecular dyes or inorganic pigments can be used to color the intervening layer (particularly the interlayer or the polymer film).

[0029] The tinted intervening layer (intermediate layer, upper and / or lower layer, tinted film, e.g., first tinted layer, optionally a single layer) can have a light transmittance of up to 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, and even at least 5%. A variety of tones identical to the tones of the first glass sheet can be selected. For example, the first tinted glass sheet may be green, blue, or gray, and the first tinted layer, preferably the intermediate layer (e.g., PVB), may be blue or gray. At least one other intervening layer, preferably a clear intermediate layer (e.g., clear PVB), can be added closer to surface F2 than the first tinted layer, or closer to surface F3.

[0030] In this invention, this thickness of tinted material is advantageously utilized. In fact, most grazing rays are guided to the second sheet by total internal reflection at the interface with the intervening layer (e.g., the lower intermediate layer), but other small amounts of grazing rays propagate through the glazing by refraction to reach the tinted material and are rapidly absorbed after several bounces (refraction and reflection). Thus, these grazing rays disappear rapidly on surface 4, for example, less than 10 cm from the emission zone.

[0031] In particular, the first glass sheet and / or tinted interlayer (PVB or a non-adhesive interlayer, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate PET) is sufficiently absorbent (considering its absorption coefficient and thickness) that, upon rebound (refraction from surface F3 to surface F1, then reflection at surface F1, and return to surface F3 by refraction), the light intensity is reduced by at least 50%. The light intensity can be measured by transmission spectroscopy. Typically, the extinction coefficient k, i.e., the imaginary part of the complex refractive index, of the 2 mm VG10 glass (or 0.76 mm tinted TL40% PVB) by the applicant is 10 in the visible region (especially at a reference wavelength, e.g., 550 nm, and even across the spectral range of the light source). -8 This is the order.

[0032] Therefore, the colored thickness generates an angle filter that eliminates the need to deal with smaller graze angles. In this zone close to the ejection, for example, a peripheral masking layer, as described later, can be selected to mask (trimming) the glazing.

[0033] The single or multilayer laminated intermediate layer is made of a whole or part of a thermoplastic resin (colored or uncolored), with a thickness of up to 2 cm, or 1.2 cm, or less than 1 cm, particularly with a thickness of at least 0.3 mm, for example, at least one lower portion of the laminated intermediate layer (colored or uncolored) is known as the lower intermediate layer (e.g., laminar), preferably with a thickness of at least 100 μm, and is in contact with surface F3 by adhesion.

[0034] Therefore, the glazing according to the present invention is colored over a given thickness of, for example, at least 100 μm or 300 μm (i.e., it absorbs visible light, particularly in the spectral range of the light source); - The first sheet is colored (bulk colored throughout its entire thickness), - and / or the entire or a portion of the laminated intermediate layer is colored, preferably to a thickness of less than 1 mm, for example, the upper intermediate layer between surface F2 and the lower intermediate layer is colored (bulk colored), and / or the lower intermediate layer is colored. - And / or, there exists a transparent, colored (bulk-colored) polymer film (particularly non-adherent to inorganic and / or organic glass) which has a thickness of, for example, at least 30 or 50 μm and better above, up to 200 μm, and is inserted between surface F2 and the lower intermediate layer, for example, within the laminated intermediate layer, between the lower intermediate layer and the upper intermediate layer.

[0035] For example, this is a thermoplastic film (flexible and curved according to the curvature of the glazing), which is made of polyester, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN), polyimide (PI), polyurethane (PU) or cellulose triacetate (TAC), acrylic resin, polyolefin, especially polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC) or PMMA, (co-extruded) film, made of PET-PMMA poly(vinyl chloride) PVC.

[0036] In the case of PC or PMMA polymer films, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is preferred as the thermoplastic interlayer (due to its higher chemical compatibility). Similarly, when a second sheet of organic PC or PMMA glass is selected, the preferred thermoplastic interlayer (especially the lower one) is thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).

[0037] The laminated intermediate layer (especially the upper intermediate layer) may have a main surface FA that is in contact with the uncoated surface F2 or the functional coating on surface F2 by adhesion. The intermediate layer (lower intermediate layer) may have a main surface FB (surface FB of the lower intermediate layer) that is in contact with the uncoated surface F3 by adhesion.

[0038] Advantageously, the difference n2-n1 is greater than 0.02, or even greater than 0.05, and / or the difference n2-n1 is preferably less than 0.3, and even less than 0.15 or less than 0.1 (e.g., at 550 nm).

[0039] Unexpectedly, angle filtering to reduce n1 to 1 or as close to 1 as possible severely limits the choice of materials, but this is unnecessary. To separate all light propagating within the second sheet, the refractive index n1 only needs to be slightly lower than n2 (especially the refractive index of the intermediate layer).

[0040] If n1 is too close to n2, the thickness E1 must be increased further, which can sometimes be detrimental to the mechanical strength of the optical protective layer (e.g., the appearance of microcracks).

[0041] For example, for optical protective layers or liquid organic coatings, it may be desirable to have an n1 that is further away from n2 and to increase the thickness E1. In the case of porous layers such as silica, the required porosity is reduced.

[0042] Preferably, for example at 550 nm, n1 is 1.3 or greater, or more preferably 1.35 or greater or 1.4 or greater (n2 is particularly at least 1.45 or 1.48), and n0 is at least 1.5. E1 is preferably at least 250 nm. In particular at 550 nm, n2 is about 1.485 (and the lower intermediate layer is preferably PVB-based), and n0 is at most 1.53.

[0043] It is impossible to experimentally determine the parameters for characterizing the absorption of light in the waveguide mode by the contamination layer, because the waveguide mode exists only in the second sheet.

[0044] Furthermore, since it is impossible to predict in advance the properties of the contamination layer, a pessimistic assumption is made that the layer absorbs 100% of the light. Using this system, the applicant determined a specific optical model that enables the evaluation of waveguide mode reflections by simulation, in particular a waveguide mode parameter called Rgm, which is the total amount of light reflected at each reflection at the layered interface. This reflection corresponds to a given angle of incidence (for example, 80°, which is above the critical angle of 78°, when a second sheet of inorganic glass and a lower PVB layer are used, and according to the Snell-Descartes law, n0 = 1.52 ± 0.01 and n2 = 1.485 ± 0.05 at 550 nm). Strong absorption in the waveguide mode limits the Rgm value.

[0045] Next, the inventors identified an optical protective layer that has a higher Rgm parameter, preferably at least 95%, or even 97%, or even 99%, even when there is a layer that absorbs 100% of the light behind the optical protective layer. Such a high Rgm parameter indicates very low absorption, and thus the guided mode is better preserved in terms of its full intensity.

[0046] Therefore, E1 and n1 are selected such that the Rgm parameter, which is the reflection of the guided mode at the second interface between the sheet and the optical protective layer that the optical protective layer has, is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, and even more preferably at least 99%.

[0047] In one embodiment, a simulation of this system with a 100% absorption layer was performed and verified at 550 nm with n0 = 1.52 and n2 = 1.48

[0048] Specifically, when Rgm is 95%, the thickness E1 in nm is within the first segmented region of the graph of the thickness E1 with respect to n1, and the first included lower limit value E1a is determined by the first curve C1 of the thickness with respect to n1 in the following equation: E1a(n1) = b1 - a 11 ×(n1 - n r1 ) - a 31 ×(n1 - n r1 ) 3 - a 51 ×(n1 - n r1 ) 5 、 Here, n r1 = 1.499; b1 = 122 nm; a 11 = 30.1 nm; a 31 = -9.44×10 -3 nm; a 51 = 5.69×10 -6 nm.

[0049] This curve has a vertical asymptote close to n2.

[0050] Preferably, and especially when Rgm is 97%, the thickness E1 in nm units lies within a second delimited region of the graph (more restricted than the first region), and the second inclusive lower limit E1b is defined by the second curve C2 (C1 above) of thickness for n1 in the following equation: E1b(n1) = b2 - a 12 ×(n1-n r2 )-a 32 ×(n1-n r ) 3 -a 52 ×(n1-n r2 ) 5 , Here, n r2 =1.495;b2=154nm;a 12 =30.5nm, a 32 = -7.51 × 10 -3 nm;a 52 = 3.05 × 10 -6 nm.

[0051] Even more preferably, particularly when Rgm is 99%, the thickness E1 in nm units lies within a third delimited region of the graph (more restricted than the first or second region), and the third encompassing lower limit E1c is defined by a third curve C2 of thickness for n1 (C1 and C2 above) in the following equation: E1c(n1)=b3-a 13 ×(n1-n r3 )-a 33 ×(n1-n r3 ) 3 -a 53 ×(n1-n r3 ) 5 , Here, n r3 =1.492;b3=211nm;a 13 =34.4nm;a 33 = -6.43 × 10 -3 nm;a 53 = 1.99 × 10 -6 nm.

[0052] Furthermore, E1 is preferably 3 μm or less, or even more preferably 1.5 μm or less.

[0053] When E1 is preferably at most 1 μm, n1 of at least 1.466, 1.4685, 1.453 respectively is required. When E1 is preferably at most 800 nm, n1 of at least 1.461, 1.453, 1.438 respectively is required. When E1 is preferably at most 600 nm, n1 of at least 1.442, 1.43, 1.40 respectively is required. When the thickness E1 can be at least 1.2 μm (self-supporting film, liquid coating), n1 can be at least 1.472, 1.470, 1.461.

[0054] When exceeding 1.3 μm, 1.6 μm, 2.2 μm respectively, n1 is in the widest possible range as long as n1 < n2.

[0055] The optical protective layer may be a so-called protective coating (preferably directly in contact) on the surface F4, and preferably may be a single layer.

[0056] The minimum E1 depends on the type of material and the deposition method.

[0057]

[0060] For example, the thickness E1 is expected to be at least 300 nm, 400 nm, 500 nm, 800 nm and preferably at most 5 μm, or 3 μm, or even at most 1.5 μm.

[0058] The protective coating can be deposited on the second flat glass sheet before the strengthening bending operation (therefore, it must be capable of being strengthened). Alternatively, when an organic protective coating is used, the optical protective coating can be deposited on the second curved glass sheet (preferably by liquid means). Typically, the strengthening bending operation is carried out at a temperature of at least 600 °C.

[0059] In particular, when the adhesive protective coating involves a carrier element, such as tempered glass, the protective coating can be applied after lamination.

[0060] The protective coating may be inorganic and preferably resides on a second inorganic glass sheet, and is preferably a silica-based coating (dense or preferably porous) by a sol-gel, with E1 being at most 1.5 or 1 μm. Preferably, the second glass sheet is inorganic in the case of sol-gel deposition accompanied by removal of pore-forming agents by heat treatment (e.g., during strengthening and bending).

[0061] The protective coating preferably includes (in particular consists of): - A sol-gel layer based on porous silica, wherein E1 is at most 1 μm, more preferably above that, at most 800 nm, and even further at 700 nm, and n1 can be easily increased to 1.3 to avoid the risk of cracking, sol-gel layer, - Alternatively, an oxide-based layer (such as a silica-based layer) deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) such as magnetron sputtering, where the deposition is very slow, and E1 is a layer of up to 1 μm, better above that, up to 700 nm, and even 400 nm. - Alternatively, a porous silica layer obtained from a SiOxCyHz layer deposited by a combination of plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and magnetron sputtering, wherein E1 is preferably up to 500 nm, and the porous silica layer becomes more porous after (bending) strengthening treatment, for example, a method for depositing such a layer is disclosed in International Publication No. 2012172266.

[0062] In the case of magnetron sputtering, the silica layer may contain one or more elements such as aluminum, and its refractive index may be 1.48.

[0063] The pore volume ratio can be limited and controlled, particularly by sol-gel processes.

[0064] The protective coating may include (or consist of) a layer based on porous silica, particularly a sol-gel, in particular, where n1 is at most 1.44, and optionally include an underlying layer of dense silica, particularly a sol-gel, the underlying layer having a refractive index of 1.45, which is greater than n1 (e.g., at least 0.02 or 0.05). The underlying layer preferably has a thickness of at least 5 nm, particularly up to 120 nm, for example, between 50 nm or 80 nm and 120 nm.

[0065] The protective coating may include (or consist of) a porous silica layer, particularly a sol-gel, having a porosity of less than 20 vol% or less than 10 vol%, in particular n1 being at least 1.4, 1.42, or 1.44.

[0066] The structuring of the sol-gel layer in the pores relates to sol-gel type synthesis techniques, which allow for the densification of essentially inorganic (i.e., inorganic or hybrid organic) materials using pore-forming agents that are appropriately selected, particularly in terms of size and / or well-defined shape (e.g., elongated, spherical, elliptical). The pores may preferably be empty or optionally filled.

[0067] Therefore, it is possible to select silica prepared from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS).

[0068] The refractive index can be adjusted to fit the pore volume. The following correlation can be used as a first approximation for calculating the refractive index n1: n1=fn a+ (1-f).n pores Here, f is the volume fraction of the material (silica in this case) that makes up the layer, and n a n is its refractive index (in this case, silica), pores This is the pore size index, which is equal to 1 if the material is generally empty.

[0069] The thickness of the optical protective layer can also be adjusted by selecting the appropriate solvent ratio.

[0070] The pores can be closed by removing the granular pore-forming agent.

[0071] The minimum (and preferably maximum) characteristic dimensions of the pores may be 30 nm or more, preferably less than 200 or 100 nm, or even less than 80 nm, and less than E1. Furthermore, the porosity size may be monodispersible.

[0072] An optical protective layer, particularly a coating, may advantageously consist of a single layer comprising an organic or inorganic-organic hybrid layer, particularly an acrylate or polymethacrylate layer (such as varnish).

[0073] The optical protective layer can optionally be a film up to 600 μm thick, for example, bonded to surface F4 after contact with glass.

[0074] E1 can be, for example, up to 50 μm, 10 μm, or 5 μm (on the order of microns), or even up to 800 nm or 700 nm. The upper and / or lower limits may depend on the deposition method.

[0075] For simplicity, it is preferable that the optical protective layer (protective coating) is present on surface F4 as a single layer.

[0076] The inorganic-organic hybrid sol-gel layer can be based on methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS), i.e., an organosilane having a non-reactive organic group. MTEOS is an organosilane having three hydrolyzable groups and one non-reactive methyl organic moiety.

[0077] Even if an optical protective layer in the form of a coating on surface F4 is preferred (due to its simplicity and compactness), other embodiments of the present invention can be conceived.

[0078] Alternatively, an optical protective film of a (thermoplastic) fluoropolymer can be bonded to surface F4 to a transparent film (polymer or preferably clear or extra-clear glass, particularly ultrathin glass of 600 μm or less or 300 μm or less, i.e., "UTG"). The fluoropolymer film may be based on, or even made from, one of the following materials: - Perfluoroalkoxy PFAs, particularly those with n1 approximately 1.3, - Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), particularly when n1 is approximately 1.4. - Ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), - Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), more specifically poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene), especially when n1 is approximately 1.4. - Ethylene perfluorinated propylene copolymer FEP or (fluorinated ethylene propylene), in particular, having n1 of about 1.3, - Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) with n1 being approximately 1.3.

[0079] In one configuration, the optical protective layer, preferably a single layer, may include an adhesive layer (film or coating) of a crosslinked polymer material, which is present on (preferably in direct contact with) surface F4 and in contact with the main inner surface Fi of a transparent film (polymer or preferably clear or extra-clear glass, particularly ultra-thin glass up to 600 μm or 300 μm thick, i.e., "UTG"). Glass is advantageous due to its mechanical durability.

[0080] The optical protective layer may be an optical adhesive (OCA in the case of an optically transparent adhesive, or LOCA in the case of a liquid).

[0081] Crosslinkable adhesives can be used to fabricate optical protective layers, which harden when their components react (particularly through thermal crosslinking under ultraviolet light) or when the solvent evaporates. In any case, a chemical reaction occurs to generate crosslinking chemical bonds, and in that case, the crosslinked polymer is defined by the form of a three-dimensional network of polymer chains linked by chemical bonds.

[0082] Thus, the curing method of crosslinkable adhesives depends on their properties. Some (photo)crosslinking is achieved by supplying energy, particularly in the ultraviolet (UVA) or visible region (400-405 nm), while other (photo)crosslinking occurs at ambient temperature through the addition of a curing agent via a chemical reaction. Other crosslinkable adhesives are crosslinked by a chemical reaction initiated and accelerated by the supply of thermal energy.

[0083] Liquid deposition of crosslinkable adhesives can be carried out by spray coating, curtain coating, flow coating, roller coating, slot die, dip coating or casting, blade coating, screen printing, inkjet, drop casting, or especially by cavity filling with a syringe.

[0084] Preferably, the optical protective layer is UV-crosslinkable and includes, for example, a UV-crosslinked polymer matrix.

[0085] In one configuration, the optical protective layer, preferably a single layer, includes (or is): - An adhesive film, preferably a pressure-sensitive film with a thickness of at least 30 μm (easier to handle and less risk of wrinkling), preferably up to 100 μm or 50 μm, preferably selected from acrylate-based, urethane acrylate-based, fluorourethane acrylate-based, or silicone-based polymers. - Or, an adhesive coating, preferably having a thickness of at least 800 nm or 1 μm, or even more preferably at least 10 μm.

[0086] In one embodiment, the optical protective layer is a crosslinked polymer adhesive film, particularly one with a thickness of at least 30 μm, preferably a pressure-sensitive film, and preferably selected from acrylate-based, urethane acrylate-based, fluorourethane acrylate-based, or silicone-based polymers.

[0087] The crosslinked polymer material for the adhesive optical protective layer is selected from, for example, polyacrylate polymers, particularly urethane acrylate polymers, fluorourethane acrylate polymers, or fluorosilicone acrylate polymers, polysiloxane polymers, silicone polymers, particularly polydimethylsiloxane polymers, epoxy polymers, or polyepoxide polymers, polyurethane polymers, polyvinyl acetate polymers, and polyester polymers. In particular, the crosslinked polymer material for the adhesive optical protective layer is preferably selected from acrylate polymers, particularly urethane acrylate polymers, silicone acrylate polymers, or silicone polymers, and further polymers having fluorinated functional groups.

[0088] One example is a crosslinkable liquid (UV) adhesive for liquid deposition: - A urethane acrylate adhesive, for example, a product of aliphatic urethane acrylate manufactured by Norland, particularly referred to as LOCA Norland NOA 1315 (n1=1.315), - Fluorourethane acrylate adhesive, for example, a product manufactured by Shin-A, particularly a product called SFA 335 (n1=1.335~1.339) or a product called SFA 387 (n1=1.385~1.389), - Acrylate adhesives, such as the product called UZ181A manufactured by AKChemTeck (n1=1.47), or the product called UVEKOL S15 manufactured by Allnex (n1=1.44).

[0089] Examples of fluorourethane acrylate liquid adhesives include, for example, products manufactured by Shin-A, particularly those referred to as LOCA Shin-A 335 (n1=1.335~1.339) or LOCA Shin-A 387 (n1=1.385~1.389).

[0090] In particular, pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) bond by contact after the application of mechanical pressure.

[0091] An example of an acrylate-based low refractive index PSA film is Nitto Denko Corporation's product CS986 (refractive index 1.47).

[0092] As an example of a silicone-based low refractive index PSA film, we can mention a product called Opt Alpha Gel manufactured by Taica (n1=1.41).

[0093] Regarding silicones, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or dimethicone, which are organometallic polymers of the siloxane family, are preferred.

[0094] Pressure-sensitive adhesives, abbreviated as PSA, are generally referred to as self-adhesives. They form bonds when pressure is applied, integrating the adhesive with the surface being bonded. No solvents, water, or heat are required to activate the adhesive.

[0095] As its name clearly indicates, the degree of bonding between a given surface and a self-adhesive binder is influenced by the magnitude of the pressure used to apply the adhesive to the target surface, as well as the nature and density of the physical bond formed between the adhesive and the substrate (inorganic or organic glass sheet).

[0096] PSAs are generally designed to form bonds and maintain those bonds at ambient temperature.

[0097] PSA can be made from rubber, polyurethane, acrylic ester polymers, and polysiloxanes.

[0098] PSA generally consists of an elastomer combined with a suitable additional adhesive or "tackifier" (e.g., ester resin). The elastomer may preferably be based on the following: - Acrylates that can be sufficiently tacky without the need for additional tackifiers, - A silicone requiring a special tackifier, such as an MQ-type silicate resin composed of a monofunctional (M) trimethylsilane reacted with a tetrafunctional (Q) silicon tetrachloride, wherein the silicone-based PSA is, for example, a rubber and resin of polydimethylsiloxane dispersed in xylene or a mixture of xylene and toluene. Or optionally: - Styrene-based block copolymers, for example, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer, styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene (SEBS) block copolymer, styrene-ethylene / propylene (SEP) block copolymer, or styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) block copolymer. - Vinyl ether, - Nitrile.

[0099] PSA adhesive is sold in the form of double-sided adhesive rolls with a PSA film protective liner on each side.

[0100] Examples of silicone-based PSAs include Dow Corning® adhesives, such as 2013 adhesive, 7657 adhesive, Q2-7735 adhesive, Q2-7406 adhesive, Q2-7566 adhesive, 7355 adhesive, 7358 adhesive, 280A adhesive, 282 adhesive, 7651 adhesive, 7652 adhesive, 7356 adhesive, or Taica adhesives, such as OPT alpha GEL®, such as K120E, K90E, or MRK adhesives, such as MR3050, MR3080.

[0101] Examples of acrylate-based PSAs include adhesives manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation, such as CS98210U and CS98210UK, or Tesa® adhesives, such as OCA 69206, OCA 69208, and OCA 69405.

[0102] The glazing, particularly the roof, according to the present invention may include an electrically controllable device having a stack (dielectric support) / electrode / active layer / electrode / (dielectric support) between two laminators (or intermediate layers) of a laminated intermediate layer (such as PVB), for example, between two laminators (or intermediate layers) of a laminated intermediate layer (such as PVB). The following electrically controllable devices are available: - Variable haze device: A liquid crystal device (PDLC, PNLC, CLC, liquid crystal cell) having a stack (dielectric support) / electrode( / alignment layer) / / active layer / electrode( / alignment layer) / (dielectric support) between two laminas (or intermediate layers) of a stacked intermediate layer (such as PVB). - Variable color devices: e.g., electrochromic devices or suspended particle devices (SPDs).

[0103] The thickness of the active layer may be 1 to 20 μm, and moreover, 5 to 15 μm.

[0104] One or more transparent supports are, for example, flexible polymers and up to 200 μm thick, or glass and up to 400 μm thick.

[0105] Each support comprises an electrode (a transparent layer, e.g., a conductive metal oxide or silver stack) and an optional oriented layer, particularly a layer for planar or homeotropic anchoring.

[0106] Examples of liquid crystal devices include polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) systems (where liquid crystal is dispersed in a polymer matrix), cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) systems, and polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) systems.

[0107] A liquid crystal cell comprises (essentially, or even alone) an active layer of liquid crystal, which has a predetermined or equilibrium orientation. The liquid crystal cell is enclosed between two supports (polymer film or glass) that are kept at a certain distance apart by a spacer (transparent, preferably point-like, 3D), such as a glass or polymer sphere (or a cubic or cylindrical base, etc.).

[0108] Examples of liquid crystal cells include those disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2018141891 or European Patent Application Publication No. 3990981.

[0109] A liquid crystal cell may have at least one of the following cumulative or alternative technical features: - The active layer contains 5% or less, or 1% or less, or 0% of polymers and polymer precursors in solution (excluding spacers). - The liquid crystal cell is called the "guest host" (GH), and its active layer contains at least one dichroic dye (the outer surface of the first inner and outer support is the outer surface of the "guest host" cell). Alternatively, a liquid crystal cell, called a TN (twisted nematic), comprises an upper (colored) polarizer on the upper outer surface of an upper support equipped with electrodes, and a lower (colored) polarizer on the lower outer surface of a lower support equipped with electrodes (the outer surface of the polarizer is the outer surface of the cell).

[0110] A photovoltaic device (transparent or opaque) may also be added between surfaces F2 and F3, where the photovoltaic device is located between two intermediate layers of a laminated intermediate layer (such as PVB), and in particular above and in contact with the first colored layer (preferably an intermediate layer).

[0111] The electrically controllable device or photovoltaic device is, for example, completely or partially opposite to or offset from means for extracting guided light, and preferably exists between surface F2 and a first tinted layer (an upper tinted intermediate layer, e.g., particularly PVB). The substrate of the electrically controllable device is, for example, a non-adhesive film made of a thermoplastic polymer, e.g., PET.

[0112] In reality, between surface F3 and the first colored layer, any metal layer (such as an electrode) (pure or, for example, a nitride) or transparent conductive oxide, or even the extinction coefficient k, which is the imaginary part of the complex refractive index, is at least 10 in the visible region (especially at the reference wavelength, e.g., 550 nm, and even across the spectral range of the light source). -5 It is preferable to avoid any layer that is such.

[0113] Therefore, the laminated glazing according to the present invention can include at least one electrically controllable device and / or photovoltaic device between (and even in contact with) a first colored layer, preferably an intermediate layer (PVB), and an intermediate layer (clear or colored PVB) closer to plane F2 than the first colored layer.

[0114] Alternatively, in addition to the above, the laminated glazing according to the present invention may include a non-adhesive functional film (a polymer film, such as PET, which optionally preferably has a non-metallic functional coating) between (and in contact with) a first colored layer, such as an intermediate layer (PVB), and surface F3, and further between (and in contact with) a first colored layer (intermediate layer, preferably PVB-based) and an intermediate layer (preferably PVB-based) on surface F3.

[0115] The laminated glazing according to the present invention may also include a layer that reflects or absorbs infrared rays on surface F2 or on a transparent polymer film (such as PET) between two intervening layers, which is in particular a stack of thin layers called low-emissivity thin layers containing at least one (even two, three, or four) metallic layers, such as silver, and each of these silver layers is placed between dielectric layers. In this configuration, the first colored layer (preferably an intermediate layer) is closer to surface F3 than this low-emissivity stack, and the first glass sheet is clear regardless of the presence of any layer (such as an intermediate layer) between surface F3 and the low-emissivity stack.

[0116] More broadly, between the first colored layer and surface F3, any metal layer (pure or, for example, a nitride) or transparent conductive oxide having an extinction coefficient k, which is the imaginary part of the complex refractive index, at least 10 in the visible region (particularly at a reference wavelength, e.g., 550 nm, and even across the spectral range of the light source). -5 It is preferable to avoid any layer that is such.

[0117] The laminated interlayer may be a single layer or a multilayer (in particular, a multilayer of two, three, or four adhesive layers, especially adhesive films or laminae). The interfaces between layers (laminae) are not necessarily identifiable. The laminated interlayer can incorporate one or more elements (non-adherent to glass) such as functional polymer films or electro-optic elements, sensors, etc., ranging from a wide range (all or part of the glazing). For example, two PVB laminae present within a PVB / polymer film stack that do not adhere to the glass / PVB.

[0118] Furthermore, it is preferable that the laminated intermediate layer be selected to minimize haze as much as possible, i.e., to a maximum of 1.5%, or even a maximum of 1%.

[0119] Preferably, the laminated intermediate layer comprises one or more polymer sheets (such as a lower intermediate layer and an upper intermediate layer). The polymer is selected from polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), particularly TPU, and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), particularly thermoplastic or crosslinked. The laminated intermediate layer, one or more intervening layers, may contain polymer sheets, e.g., polyurea, polyolefins (including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), or polyisobutylene (P-IB)), polyvinyl chloride and its derivatives (e.g., polyvinyl dichloride (PVDC)), styrene polymers (e.g., polystyrene (PS), acrylostyrene butadiene (ABS), styrene acrylonitrile (SAN)), polyacrylic resins (including polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)), polyesters (including poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyamide resins (PA), fluoropolymers, e.g., polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polycarbonate (PC), aromatic polysulfones, e.g., polysulfone (PSU), polyphenylene ether (PPE), epoxy (EP), either alone or in the form of several blends and / or copolymers thereof.

[0120] The laminated intermediate layer may be at least one sheet based on PVB, PU (flexible), or a plasticizer-free thermoplastic resin (such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)), each sheet having a thickness of, for example, 0.2 mm to 1.1 mm, particularly 0.38 to 0.76 mm.

[0121] Preferably, any PVB-based intermediate layer (in laminate form) contains 70% to 75% PVB, 25% to 30% plasticizer, and less than 1% additives. There are also PVB laminates that contain little to no plasticizer, such as KURARAY's "MOWITAL LP BF" film, which contains no plasticizer. Therefore, the laminated intermediate layer may contain less than 15% by weight of plasticizer, preferably less than 10% by weight, and more preferably less than 5% by weight, and especially may be a poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB)-based sheet, such as a product called Kuraray Mowital®, which contains less than 15% by weight of plasticizer, especially less than 5% by weight, and especially may be plasticizer-free, and especially may have a thickness of up to 0.15 mm, especially 25 to 100 μm, 40 to 70 μm, and even 50 μm, or may include such a product.

[0122] The laminated interlayer may have acoustic properties, and in particular may include or consist of acoustically properties-containing PVB (3-layer, 4-layer, etc.). Thus, the laminated interlayer may include an interlayer and at least one layer called a core layer made of a viscoelastic plastic having vibration-acoustic damping properties, particularly based on polyvinyl butyral and a plasticizer, and further include two outer layers made of standard PVB, with the core layer located between the two outer layers. Examples of acoustically properties-containing PVB described in International Publication No. 2012 / 025685 and International Publication No. 2013 / 175101 include colored PVB, particularly as shown in International Publication No. 2015079159.

[0123] The first glass sheet and the second (inorganic) glass sheet can preferably be curved (by using a bending method known to those skilled in the art). The curved glazing is generally curved in two directions.

[0124] Inorganic glass sheets can be manufactured by the float process, which yields perfectly flat and smooth sheets, and can also be manufactured by stretching or rolling processes.

[0125] The tin surface of the second inorganic glass sheet can be either surface F3 or surface F4. The tin surface of the first glass sheet can be either surface F1 or surface F2.

[0126] Examples of glass include float glass having a conventional soda-lime composition, optionally heat-cured or chemically hardened or strengthened glass, aluminum or sodium borosilicate, or any other composition.

[0127] In one embodiment, the glazing comprises an inner peripheral opaque masking layer between surface F3 and surface F2, and further covering the periphery of the optical protective layer, and in particular comprising an inner masking layer in contact with surface F2 (a coating on surface F2 or a coating on an intermediate layer in contact with surface F2), thereby defining a clear glass area in particular. And / or the glazing may comprise an inner opaque peripheral masking layer on surface F4, which in particular matches or is narrower than the width of the inner masking layer.

[0128] The inner opaque peripheral masking layer is enamel (such as black) in particular on surface F2. This may be a thermoplastic adhesive layer, in particular an additional upper intermediate layer, in particular an opaque coating on the PVB, for example, an opaque PVB-based coating containing a colorant on one of the main surfaces of the PVB layer surface positioned to face surface F2 or F3.

[0129] The inner masking layer may extend 2 mm or 3 mm (less than 1 cm or 5 mm) from the edge of the glazing, or it may even reach the edge. The inner masking layer may be a strip that forms the frame of the glazing, especially black glazing (windshield, roof, etc.). By applying opacity around the entire periphery, structural members or sealants of the vehicle body are concealed, and adhesives used for attachment to the vehicle are protected. This inner masking layer can define a clear glass area. It may be advantageous for the outer edge of the optical protective layer to be masked by the inner masking layer rather than existing within the clear glass area.

[0130] The width of the inner masking layer along the sides of the roof of a powered vehicle is generally narrower than its width at the front or even the rear.

[0131] In particular, in the case of the roof of a vehicle: - The width of the inner (and even internal) masking layer along the longitudinal edge can be up to 30 cm, especially 10-20 cm. - The width of the inner (and even internal) masking layer along the rear lateral edge can be up to 30 cm, in particular at least 1 or 5 cm, and the width of the inner (and even internal) masking layer along the front lateral edge can be up to 60 cm, in particular at least 1 or 5 cm.

[0132] The width of the inner masking layer is preferably greater than the width of the internal masking layer.

[0133] The internal peripheral masking layer may be present on surface F4 and may face the inner masking layer in particular (and may also be of the same nature on a second sheet of inorganic glass, e.g., enamel, especially black enamel). The internal masking layer may be 2 mm or 3 mm (less than 1 cm or 5 mm) from the edge of the glazing, or may even reach the edge. The inner masking layer, especially the black one, may be a strip or even a frame. The inner masking layer may be adjacent to the optical protective layer (protective coating), and the inner masking layer (especially enamel, black, etc.) may be in contact (adjacent below or above) or spaced apart, preferably spaced 10 mm or less or less.

[0134] The inner and / or internal masking layer may be an organic or inorganic binder (sintered glass frit) containing an organic or inorganic colorant, particularly a molecular dye or inorganic pigment.

[0135] The inner and / or internal opaque masking layer is preferably a continuous layer (pattern group) (flattened with clear edges or alternatively, gradient edges).

[0136] The thickness of one or more intervening layers between surface F2 and surface F3 is preferably a maximum of 1.5 mm, 1.1 mm, or 0.9 mm, and in particular the thickness of one or more laminated intermediate layers is preferably a maximum of 1.1 mm or 0.9 mm. The thickness between surface F1 and surface F4 is preferably a maximum of 9 mm or 7 mm, especially in the case of road vehicles.

[0137] The first sheet is made of inorganic glass, which is optionally tempered. Particularly in the case of road surface glazing, the first (outer) sheet is preferably thick up to 2.5 mm, more preferably up to 2.2 mm, particularly 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm, or even at least 0.7 mm.

[0138] The second sheet may have a thickness of at least 0.7 mm, and may optionally be less than the thickness of the first outer glass sheet, and may be as thin as 2.2 mm, particularly 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm, or even as thin as 1.3 mm or 1 mm.

[0139] The combined thickness of the first and second sheets of glass is preferably less than 5 or 4 mm, and even more preferably 3.7 mm.

[0140] The first and second glass sheets may be essentially the same in size and may be, for example, substantially rectangular. The first sheet (external) may be larger than the second sheet (internal) and therefore may protrude beyond the second sheet over at least a portion of its periphery, and therefore optionally the second sheet (passenger side) may be smaller, with its end face set back particularly at one end or several (longitudinal and / or transverse) ends or over the entire periphery, up to a maximum of 10 or 5 cm from the end face of the first glass sheet.

[0141] The first sheet may be clear glass having a functional non-thermal or even heating coating on surface F2.

[0142] The first inorganic glass sheet may be based on silica, soda lime, preferably soda lime silica, or even aluminosilicate or borosilicate. It may have a total iron oxide content of at least 0.4%, preferably up to 1.5%, (expressed in the form of Fe2O3).

[0143] The second inorganic glass sheet can be based on silica, soda lime, soda lime silica, aluminosilicate, or borosilicate. To limit absorption, the total iron oxide content by weight (represented by the formation of Fe2O3) is at most 0.05% (500 ppm), preferably at most 0.03% (300 ppm), at most 0.015% (150 ppm), and particularly above 0.005%. The redox of the second glass sheet is preferably 0.15 or higher.

[0144] In this specification, light transmittance is calculated from the transmission spectrum from 380 to 780 nm, considering light source A and the standard observer (10°) of CIE 1964.

[0145] The light transmittance and color of each glass sheet are adjusted by the chemical composition of the glass and the thickness of the glass sheet. The chemical composition of the glass includes a colorless base, preferably a soda-lime silica base (however, other glasses, particularly borosilicate glass or aluminosilicate glass, may be used) and a colorant. The colorant particularly includes one or more dyes selected from transition metal oxides, especially iron oxides (ferrous oxide and ferric oxide), cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, nickel oxide, rare earth oxides, especially erbium oxide, and selenium.

[0146] The first colored glass sheet is, for example, a glass sheet having a light transmittance of 50-80%, particularly 60-75%. It contains a colorant, for example, iron oxide, in a total content of 0.4-1.2% by weight, particularly 0.6-1.1% by weight. In this case, the resulting glass is green, and possibly yellowish-green or bluish-green, depending on the proportion of ferrous oxide. In other examples, by adding cobalt oxide, selenium, and / or erbium oxide, colors such as blue or gray can be imparted.

[0147] More preferably, the first colored glass sheet is a glass sheet having a light transmittance of, for example, 5-50%, particularly 8-40%, and even up to 20%. It contains a chromogen composed of, for example, 1.0-2.3% by weight, particularly 1.1-2.0% by weight, of iron oxide, as well as cobalt oxide and chromium oxide and / or selenium. The chromogen contains, for example, the following pigments in the weight ratios specified below: Fe2O3 (total iron) 1.2-2.3%, particularly 1.5-2.2%, CoO 50-400 ppm, particularly 200-350 ppm, Se 0-35 ppm, particularly 10-30 ppm. The redox is preferably 0.1-0.4, particularly 0.2-0.3. Redox is the weight ratio of the ferrous oxide content (expressed as FeO) to the total iron content (expressed as Fe2O3). The resulting glass is particularly green or gray.

[0148] The second sheet may be made of organic glass, and in particular may be made of polyurethane (PU), polycarbonate (PC), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC).

[0149] The second organic glass sheet may be flexible to conform to the curvature of the first curved sheet, and the second organic glass sheet may also be pre-formed.

[0150] In the case of organic glass, such as PC or PMMA, or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a crosslinked polymer material is preferred for the PVB as the lower intermediate layer (to further enhance chemical compatibility). Thermoplastic or thermosetting EVA can also be selected.

[0151] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, the term "tempered glass" refers to heat-tempered glass, and preferably, glass that has been tempered during the bending process.

[0152] The second glass sheet is a clear (or extra-clear) sheet having, for example, a light transmittance of at least 85%, or even more than 90%. It is generally free of colorants, except for unavoidable impurities, particularly iron oxide, in a total content of 0.005 to 0.200% by weight, especially 0.010 to 0.150% by weight, or even more than 0.030 to 0.120% by weight.

[0153] The second glass sheet is clear glass (for example, 4mm thick with a light transmittance of 90% or more) (depending on the aesthetic display, desired optical effect, glazing application, etc.) L ), for example, standard soda-lime composition glass, such as Planilux® made by Saint-Gobain Glass, and even extra-clear glass (for example, 4mm thick with 91.5% or more T L ), for example, soda-lime silica glass having less than 0.05% Fe III or Fe2O3, such as Saint-Gobain Glass Diamant®, or Pilkington Glass Optiwhite®, or Schott Glass B270®, or glass of another composition described in International Publication No. 04 / 025334.

[0154] The glass of the first glass sheet can be subjected to chemical or thermal treatments such as hardening, annealing, or strengthening (especially for the purpose of improving mechanical strength) or bending, and is generally obtained using the float process.

[0155] The luminescent glazing may have a non-zero light transmittance TL in all or part of the clear glass area (generally surrounded by the masking layer). In the case of roof glazing, a non-zero light transmittance TL is preferred, and more preferably at least 0.5% or at least 2% and up to 10%, and even more preferably up to 8%.

[0156] Alternatively, the second glass sheet may be made of organic glass (preferably rigid or semi-rigid), for example, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), preferably having a laminated intermediate layer (PU), or it may be made of polycarbonate (PC), preferably having a PVB laminated intermediate layer.

[0157] In particular, the following can be selected as the first glass sheet / laminated interlayer / second glass sheet: - Inorganic glass / PVB (with acoustic properties, etc.) / Inorganic glass, - Furthermore, inorganic glass / laminated interlayer / polycarbonate.

[0158] For reference, the second inorganic glass sheet is preferably clear or even extra clear, or made of clear or even extra clear organic glass.

[0159] For thermal applications, the first glass sheet (or other layer) is tinted, preferably excessively tinted.

[0160] Preferably, in the first colored layer and one or more intervening layers located beneath the first colored layer, the extinction coefficient k, which is the imaginary part of the complex refractive index, is up to 10 in the visible region (particularly at a reference wavelength, e.g., 550 nm, and even across the spectral range of the light source). -6 or 10 -7 That is the case.

[0161] The (visible) light source is preferably the following: - A group of light-emitting diodes (on a first printed circuit support such as a PCB, i.e., a "printed circuit board"), especially strips, - Alternatively, a light source comprising a primary light source (such as one or more light-emitting diodes) coupled with an extraction optical fiber.

[0162] Diodes can be (preliminarily) assembled on one or more PCB (printed circuit board) supports or supports with power supply tracks, and these PCB supports can be mounted on other supports (such as profiles). PCB supports are generally thin, especially 3 mm or less, or even 1 mm, or even 0.1 mm, or less than the thickness of the laminated interlayer where applicable. Several PCB supports may be provided, especially when the illuminated zones are very far apart. PCB supports may be made of flexible dielectric or conductive materials (such as metals like aluminum), or they may be composites, plastics, etc.

[0163] Preferably, the light source is located at the periphery, particularly in a portion of the glazing located inside the trim of the vehicle, and its essential function is to keep it out of sight of the vehicle's passengers, as well as to protect it from dust and external influences.

[0164] The light source (such as a diode) may be spaced apart from the second glass sheet, or it may be glued to the edge, for example, or bonded to the surface F4 at its periphery.

[0165] The illumination zone is intended for the interior of the passenger compartment (especially the roof, or for signaling information to the driver or other passengers).

[0166] Glazing can be equipped with multiple light sources, particularly light-emitting diodes. Naturally, several light sources (one or more series of diodes) can be coupled to a second sheet.

[0167] The light emitted from a light source, preferably a group of light-emitting diodes, optically coupled to the second sheet is, for example, - The end face of the second glass sheet, which may be provided by an end face having a notch, - Or, by a closed hole in the second glass sheet, in particular by a wall that defines a hole offset from the clear glass area and facing the inner masking layer, - Alternatively, this may be done by an optical deflection element such as an optical deflection film on the side of surface F3 or surface F4, in which case the light source is facing surface F4 or offset from surface F4, and this is in particular a direct optical coupling, or by using an optical system, in particular a light source and an optical deflection element, which is offset from the clear glass area and facing the inner masking layer.

[0168] The extraction (scattering) zone is, for example, at least 0.5 mm wide, or less than 1 mm wide, or even at least 1 cm wide, or even at least 5 cm wide (width is, of course, distinct from thickness), and comprises the entire zone and / or a set of discontinuous designs (discrete points (3D), e.g. geometric, linear (2D), particularly distinct or identical, e.g., spaced at least 0.5 mm apart), and the scattering zone can occupy a surface that is preferably longer than 5 cm, and even longer than 10 cm.

[0169] The scattering zone can occupy at least 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the main surface of the glazing, and is preferably at least 20 mm away from the optical coupling portion.

[0170] The luminescent glazing may include multiple scattering zones having the same or different sizes and / or shapes. The extraction zones may cover part or all of the laminated glazed unit depending on the lighting or desired effect (in the form of strips positioned around the periphery of one of the multiple faces to form a luminescent frame, logo, or design, etc.).

[0171] Scattering zones can exist in multiple zones, each having the same or different continuous or discontinuous design, and may be any geometric shape (rectangle, square, triangle, circle, ellipse, etc.), and can form figures, symbols (arrows, letters, etc.).

[0172] Emitting glazing can include multiple light extraction zones (scattering layers) to form multiple luminescence zones on the glazing.

[0173] For example, means for extracting light include the following: - The texturing of surface F3 or surface F4 of the second sheet, and further in contact with the covering optical protective layer, - Or, an extractor film located on or on surface F3 or F4 of the second sheet and in contact with the covering optical protective layer, - Or, a scattering layer containing a binder and scattering particles and / or pores, located on and in contact with the optical protective layer covering surface F3 or surface F4 of the second sheet, - Or, a localized scattering zone within a second sheet, including scattering particles and / or pores or laser etching.

[0174] In particular, the means for extracting the guided light includes (or consists of) a scattering layer containing scattering elements within the matrix (which is organic or inorganic, e.g., enamel), thereby forming a scattering zone (which emits light when on).

[0175] The scattering element preferably comprises, or even consists of, particles (dielectric, organic or inorganic, e.g., metal oxides), which are scattered and connected by a matrix, with a particle size of up to 30 μm or up to 10 μm. The particles are selected from, for example, TiO2, SiO2, CaCO3, ZnO, Al2O3, and ZrO2.

[0176] The scattering layer can be placed directly above the main surface FB of the laminated interlayer. The other main surface of the laminated interlayer (which is in contact with the glass sheet by adhesion) may be uncoated, or it may be covered with a masking layer (such as black ink), especially at its periphery.

[0177] The thickness of the scattering layer may be up to 20 μm, more precisely up to 10 μm, or even at least 1 μm.

[0178] The scattering layer is, for example, a transparent coating, while the matrix is ​​an organic material and transparent. A transparent matrix, especially one deposited via a liquid pathway, can be made from a material selected from among paints, especially lacquers, and polymer binders such as resins. In particular, the transparent matrix can essentially consist of a resin, especially a PVB resin. In particular, a transparent coating can contain, and even essentially consist of, a resin, especially a PVB resin, and scattering elements, especially scattering particles, especially those at least 50 nm, 80 nm, or 100 nm and preferably up to 30 μm, 10 μm, or 1 μm. A transparent scattering coating can essentially consist of a resin and the scattering elements (particles and / or pores, etc.), especially particles. The resin can exhibit chemical compatibility with a laminated intermediate layer, for example, PVB. The resin may be a PVB resin having a laminated intermediate layer that is PVB.

[0179] The glazing is preferably a roof, which may be openable or fixed, or a vehicle door, side window, or rear window.

[0180] The present invention also relates to a road vehicle incorporating the previously defined glazing.

[0181] In this application, a road vehicle should be understood as an automobile, particularly a commercial vehicle (van, light truck, dispatch van) weighing less than 3.5 tons (light utility vehicle), or further, a truck or shuttle, or a small private or public transport vehicle. Side glazing may be present in the sliding door. Illuminated glazing may be present in the rear door.

[0182] By referring to examples of vehicle luminous glazing according to the present invention, the present invention will be better understood and other details and advantageous features of the present invention will become apparent. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0183] [Figure 1] This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminated light-emitting roof for a powered vehicle according to the present invention in a first embodiment. [Figure 1(a)] Figure 1 is a schematic front view of the roof. [Figure 1(b)] This figure shows a graph with three curves C1, C2, and C3 that represent the minimum thickness E1min for n1. [Figure 2] This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminescent laminated glazing for a vehicle powered by peripheral light emission according to a second embodiment. [Figure 2(a)] This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminescent layered glazing for a powered vehicle, which is a roof attached to a vehicle, similar to Figure 2. [Figure 3] This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting laminated glazing for a powered vehicle in a third embodiment, with peripheral light emission. [Figure 4] This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminescent laminated glazing for a vehicle powered by peripheral light emission according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 4(a)] Figure 4 is a schematic front view of the glazing. [Figure 5] This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminescent laminated glazing for a powered vehicle in a fifth embodiment, characterized by light emission through the inner wall of a second perforated glass sheet. [Figure 5(a)] Figure 5 is a schematic front view of the glazing. [Figure 6] This figure shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminescent laminated glazing for a vehicle powered by the emission of light passing through a second sheet, according to the sixth embodiment. [Figure 6(a)] Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the glazing.

[0184] To clarify, it should be noted that the various elements of the illustrated objects are not necessarily displayed to scale.

[0185] Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view, here on the side, of the vehicle light-emitting laminated roof 100 according to the present invention in a first embodiment having peripheral illumination. Figure 1(a) shows a schematic front view of the roof of Figure 1.

[0186] In this case, this is a rectangular and curved laminated roof 100 for automobiles, comprising the following: - A first glass sheet 1, which is, for example, rectangular (e.g., dimensions 300 x 300 mm), has a colored composition (venus VG10 or TSA 4+ glass sold by Saint-Gobain Glass), has a thickness of, for example, 2.1 mm, and has a first main surface 11 corresponding to surface F1, an inner second main surface 12 referred to as surface F2, and end surfaces (longitudinal end surfaces 10 and 10'), and surface F2 is optionally covered with a non-heat silver coating 16' or a heating coating (in which case the glass 1 is preferably clear). - A second glass sheet, preferably inorganic glass 2, which has the same dimensions as the first sheet 1, forms an inner glazing, is located on the passenger compartment side, is made of inorganic glass, has a third main surface 13 corresponding to surface F3, a fourth main surface 14 which is surface F4, and end surfaces (longitudinal end surfaces 21 and 22), and is, for example, a sheet of soda-lime silica glass, extra clear, for example, Diamant glass sold by Saint-Gobain Glass, for example, glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a refractive index n0 at 550 nm on the order of 1.52, or 1.95 mm Optiwhite glass. - An intervening layer between surface F2 and surface F3, the intervening layer comprising at least one laminated intermediate layer 3, the laminated intermediate layer 3 having a longitudinal end 30, which is in some cases offset (i.e., recessed) toward the center of the glass from the longitudinal end 10, 10', and a single layer (single laminar) 31 of clear or tinted PVB 0.76 mm thick, the single layer (single laminar) 31 being in contact with the non-thermal coating 16' (or surface F2 if the non-thermal coating 16' is absent) and surface F3, and having a refractive index n2 in visible light, where n2 <n0であるものとする。

[0187] The second surface F2 includes an inner masking layer 7, which forms a masking frame, is made of black enamel, and defines a clear glass area 16 (daylight), which in this case is rectangular (see Figure 1(a)).

[0188] The light-emitting diodes 4 extend along the longitudinal coupling end 21 of the second glass sheet 2. These are front-facing light-emitting diodes. Therefore, these diodes 4 are aligned on a PCB support 5, for example, a parallelepiped strip. The PCB carrier 5 is attached to the edges of the surface with, for example, an adhesive 7 (or double-sided adhesive).

[0189] Alternatively, the light source may be one or more primary light sources (such as diodes) directly coupled to the light guide along the coupling end face, for example, an optical fiber being taken out in the optical output zone.

[0190] The light-emitting glazed unit 100 may have multiple extraction zones 6 of a given geometry (rectangle, square, circle, etc.) for light guided within the second sheet. For example, these extraction zones 6 are scattering layers 6 (enamel, ink, screen printing, etc.), which are coatings on the third surface F3 and, even if or in addition to the fourth surface F4, and the scattering layers are preferably located within the clear glass region 16. Alternatively, this may be a local extractor film (having relief, or having a scattering layer, or scattering in bulk) locally positioned or bonded on the third surface F3 and even further on the fourth surface F4.

[0191] For example, the distance between the extraction section 6 and the diode is at least 10 or 40 mm. For example, the extraction section occupies 10 to 100% of the clear glass area.

[0192] Several series of diodes 4 (one end, two ends, three ends, or around the entire circumference) can be provided, some of which are independently controllable and even of different colors. White or colored light-emitting diodes can be selected for applications such as ambient lighting or reading. Red light can be selected for signaling applications and may be alternated with green light in some cases. Diode supports 5 can be bonded to the end faces 21 by adhesive.

[0193] The light ray (after refraction on the end face 21) propagates through total internal reflection (at faces F3 and F4) within the second sheet 2 that forms the light guide.

[0194] According to the present invention, the surface F4 includes an optical protective layer 151 having a refractive index n1 in the visible region, where n1 < n2. This is a coating with a thickness E1 deposited by any means (liquid, physical vapor deposition (such as magnetron), chemical vapor deposition, etc.).

[0195] FIG. 1(b) shows a graph having three curves C1, C2, C3 indicating the minimum thickness E1min with respect to n1.

[0196] The inventors then investigated how a higher Rgm parameter of preferably at least 95%, or even 97% or 99%, is achieved by the optical protective layer when the contamination layer absorbs 100% of the light. Such a high Rgm parameter indicates very low absorption and thus better preservation of the guided mode in terms of its full intensity.

[0197] Therefore, E1 and n1 are selected such that the Rgm parameter, which is the guided mode reflection at the second interface between the sheet and the optical protective layer that the optical protective layer has, is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, and further preferably at least 99%.

[0198] In one embodiment, simulations were performed and verified with n0 = 1.52 and n2 = 1.485.

[0199] When Rgm is 95%, the thickness E1 in nm is within the first segmented region of the graph of the thickness E1 with respect to n1, and the first included lower limit value E1a is defined by the first curve C1 of the thickness with respect to n1 in the following equation: E1a(n1) = b1 - a 11 ×(n1 - n r1 ) - a 31 ×(n1 - n[[ID=​​​​​​​​​​​​​11 = 30.1 nm; a 31 = -9.44×10 -3 nm; a 51 = 5.69×10 -6 nm。

[0200] Also preferably, when Rgm is 97%, the thickness E1 in nm is within the second delimited region of the graph (more limited than the first region), and the second included lower limit value E1b is determined by the second curve C2 of the thickness with respect to n1 in the following formula: E1b(n1) = b2 - a 12 × (n1 - n r2 ) - a 32 × (n1 - n r ) 3 - a 52 × (n1 - n r2 ) 5 、 where n r2 = 1.495; b2 = 154 nm; a 12 = 30.5 nm; a 32 = -7.51×10 -3 nm; a 52 = 3.05×10 -6 nm。

[0201] Even more preferably, when Rgm is 99%, the thickness E1 in nm is within the third delimited region of the graph (more limited than the first and second regions), and the third included lower limit value E1c is determined by the third curve C3 of the thickness with respect to n1 in the following formula: E1c(n1) = b3 - a 13 × (n1 - n r3 ) - a 33 × (n1 - n r3 ) 3 - a 53 × (n1 - n r3 ) 5 、 where n r3 = 1.492; b3 = 211 nm; a 13 = 34.4 nm; a 33 = -6.43×10 -3 nm; a 53 = 1.99×10-6 nm.

[0202] Also, E1 is preferably 3 μm or less, or even more preferably 1.5 μm or less.

[0203] When E1 is preferably at most 1 μm, at least 1.466, 1.4685, and 1.453 of n1 are required respectively. When E1 is preferably at most 800 nm, at least 1.461, 1.453, and 1.438 of n1 are required respectively. When E1 is preferably at most 600 nm, at least 1.442, 1.43, and 1.40 of n1 are required respectively.

[0204] When the thickness can be at least 1.2 μm (self-supporting film, liquid coating), n1 can be at least 1.472, 1.470, and 1.461.

[0205] When each exceeds 1.3 μm, 1.6 μm, and 2.2 μm respectively, n1 is in the widest possible range as long as n1 < n2.

[0206] For example, when a very thin optical protective layer is desired, n1 = 1.35 and E1 = 500 nm are selected.

[0207] For example, when a thicker optical protective layer can be manufactured, n1 is selected to be very close to n2 (at most about 1.46), E1 = 1 μm, and it is, for example, a porous silica sol-gel layer having a pore volume of 10% or less.

[0208] Alternatively, for example, when n1 = 1.4 and deposition is promoted by E1 being 600 nm, or even more preferably 1 or 2 μm, an acrylate optical protective layer with n1 = 1.4 and E1 being 600 nm, or even more preferably 1 or 2 μm is selected. For mechanical protection, an ultra-thin clear glass can be bonded.

[0209] As the optical protective layer 151, an adhesive layer, particularly a cross-linked UV adhesive coating (LOCA) or a PSA film, can also be selected. In this case, the adhesive layer is in contact with the ultrathin clear glass.

[0210] Alternatively, the second sheet is made of organic glass, particularly polyurethane (PU), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Organic glass, such as PC or PMMA, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or thermoplastic or thermosetting EVA is preferred over PVB as a thermoplastic adhesive layer (due to its higher chemical compatibility). The applicants adjust n1 and E1 based on n2.

[0211] In all these embodiments, the optical protective layer serves to prevent dirt, fingerprints, and dust. Since neither dust nor fingerprints interact with light, they are optically inconspicuous when the light source is on. Even if the optical protective layer is in contact with air, it is not essential that n1 is very low and close to 1. Naturally, achieving a very low n1 and close to 1 is more difficult.

[0212] Alternatively, this luminescent layered glazing 100 can also form a windshield with internal signaling. The scattering layer forms, for example, an anti-collision signal, which in particular forms a strip along the lower longitudinal edge. For example, if a vehicle ahead gets too close, the light illuminates (red).

[0213] Alternatively, this stacked light-emitting glazing 100 can form the front or rear quarter glass or door. The scattering layer 6 can form, for example, interior displays or decorative patterns.

[0214] Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting laminated glazed unit 200 for a vehicle powered by peripheral light emission according to a second embodiment.

[0215] This second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the side-emitting diodes 4 are housed in recesses (peripheral notches) of the end face 21. Thus, these diodes 4 are aligned on a PCB substrate 5, for example, a parallelepiped strip, which is preferably as opaque (non-transparent) as possible, and the light-emitting surfaces of the diodes 4 are parallel to the PCB substrate and face the recessed end face portion of the end face 21. The PCB substrate is attached, for example, to the end face 121 of 12 which is face F2 with adhesive 5' (or double-sided adhesive), where it is engaged in a groove between face F2 and face F3, which is made possible by sufficiently removing the end face 30 of the intermediate layer 3. A peripheral masking strip 7 made of (black) opaque enamel can mask the PCB carrier 5 and, furthermore, the emitted light in this zone.

[0216] The distance between the diode and the end face 10 can be kept to a minimum, for example, 1 to 2 mm. The space between each chip and the optically coupled end face 10 can be protected from any contaminants such as water or chemicals, both over the long term and during the manufacturing of the light-emitting glazed unit 100.

[0217] The luminescent glazing 200 further comprises polymer encapsulants 8, which are made of, for example, black polyurethane, and in particular, PU RIM (reacts during molding). These are present on both sides of the ends of the glazed unit. These encapsulants ensure long-term sealing (water, cleaning agents, etc.). They also provide a good aesthetic finish and allow for the incorporation of other elements or functional components (such as reinforcing inserts). As described in International Publication No. 2011092419 or International Publication No. 2013017790, the polymer encapsulants may have through-recesses closed with removable covers for the installation or replacement of diodes.

[0218] The roof 200 can form a fixed, luminous panoramic roof for a powered vehicle such as a passenger car, attached to the outside of the vehicle body structural member 8' by adhesive 61', as shown in Figure 2(a).

[0219] Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting laminated glazing 300 for a powered vehicle in a third embodiment with peripheral light incidence.

[0220] An internal peripheral masking layer 7' is located on the fourth surface F4 14, which is in particular narrower than the width of the inner masking layer 7. For example, a black enamel or black ink on an intervening layer (intermediate layer, PVB, etc.).

[0221] Furthermore, the diode carrier 5 is L-shaped, with a portion facing the fourth surface F4, which is 14. For example, since the second sheet 2 is smaller than the first sheet 1, the diode is located below the protruding portion of the second surface 121. The diode is either a side-emitting diode or a front-emitting diode.

[0222] The optical protective layer 151 is adjacent to the inner masking layer 7', and is optionally spaced apart from or in contact with the inner masking layer 7', and in some cases overlaps with it.

[0223] Figure 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the luminescent laminated glazing 400 for a powered vehicle in a fourth embodiment using peripheral light emission. Figure 4(a) shows a schematic front view of the glazing in Figure 4.

[0224] This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the second diode modules 4' and 5' are added along the opposing longitudinal ends 22.

[0225] Figure 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the automotive light-emitting laminated glazing 500 in the fifth embodiment, which uses light emission through an internal glass wall. Figure 5(a) shows a schematic front view of the glazing in Figure 5.

[0226] This embodiment differs from the first embodiment 100 in terms of the incident light and the position of the light source 4.

[0227] The diode 4 on the support 5 is located within a circular through-hole 18 (offset from the clear glass region 16) of the second glass sheet 2, which is defined by an inner wall 17 and closed on the third surface F3 13 side by a cap 50 such as a metal sheet or any other optical shutter. The diode carrier 5 forms a cover, which is bonded to the fourth surface F4 4 by adhesive 61.

[0228] Then, as shown in Figure 5(a), this means is replicated by adding an additional diode 4 in another circular through-hole 18 (offset from the clear glass 16) which is closed by another cover 50. Herein, the hole is located on the lateral front end side of the roof 20.

[0229] In many cases, the inner masking layer 7 is wider on the front end side than on the rear end side 20' side.

[0230] Figure 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a sixth embodiment of a light-emitting laminated glazing 600 for a vehicle powered by the emission of light passing through glass. Figure 6(a) shows a schematic front view of the glazing in Figure 6.

[0231] This embodiment differs from the first embodiment 100 in terms of the incident light and the position of the light source 4.

[0232] The diode 4 (in this case, front-emitting) on ​​the support 5 faces (or is offset from) the fourth main surface 14, and optical coupling with the second sheet 2 is performed by a local wave guiding optical deflection element, such as a reflective optical deflection film 9, on the side of the third main surface F3 (or fourth main surface F4) facing the inner masking layer 7.

[0233] For example, this is a polymer prism film, which has a prism 93 and a flat portion 94. This flat portion 94 is bonded or attached by suction to 13, which is the third surface F3, and has a thickness of 100 - 300 μm covered by the intermediate layer 31. This film forms a longitudinal strip such as a linear light source 4, for example, along the longitudinal end of the roof. Also, the optical deflection film 9 can be alternately embedded in the intermediate layer 3, for example, between a light-colored lower intermediate layer and a tinted intermediate layer. The prism can be oriented towards the surface F3.

[0234] Therefore, this means can be doubled by adding another light source and another deflection film along the other longitudinal end 10'.

[0235] In these embodiments of the glazing, an electroactive device or a photovoltaic device is preferably added (and further in contact with) between a layer which is a first tinted layer, preferably an intermediate layer (PVB), and an intermediate layer (clear or tinted PVB) closer to the surface F2 than this first tinted layer.

[0236] Alternatively or in addition to this, a non - adhesive functional film (a polymer film, for example, PET, optionally preferably having a non - metallic functional coating) can be added, for example, under a first tinted layer which is an intermediate layer (PVB).

[0237] The ends of the electroactive or photovoltaic device or the functional film are preferably masked by the masking layer of F2.

Claims

1. A vehicle-grade laminated glazing (100, 600), wherein the vehicle-grade laminated glazing (100, 600) is - A first transparent sheet (1) made of inorganic glass having a first main outer surface (11) called surface F1 and a second main inner surface (12) called surface F2, - A second transparent sheet (2) made of inorganic glass or organic glass, having a third main surface (13) referred to as surface F3 and a fourth main surface (14) referred to as surface F4, wherein the second sheet has a refractive index n0 in the visible region, - A transparent intervening layer of one or more dielectric materials having a given refractive index in the visible region between surface F2 and surface F3, wherein the intervening layer includes a polymer laminated intermediate layer (3), and It is equipped with, The first sheet is colored, and / or the first layer of the one or more intervening layers is colored. If several intervening layers are colored, the first colored layer is the colored layer closest to surface F3. n2 is the lowest refractive index of the intervening layer between surface F3 and the first colored layer, or between surface F3 and surface F2 if no colored intervening layer exists, where n2 < n0. - Preferably, a light source optically coupled to the second light guide sheet, - Means (6, 6') for extracting the light guided in the second sheet and In a vehicle-type laminated glazing (100, 600) equipped with, The vehicle-grade laminated glazing (100, 600) is characterized in that it comprises a transparent dielectric optical protective layer (151) on a surface F4, the transparent dielectric optical protective layer (151) having a refractive index n1 in the visible region, where n1 < n2, and having a thickness E1 of at least 100 nm and less than 1 millimeter.

2. The vehicle glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that the difference n2-n1 is greater than 0.02, and preferably less than 0.

3.

3. The glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that n2 - n1 is less than 0.

15.

4. Vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that n1 is 1.3 or greater or 1.4 or greater, n0 is at least 1.5, and E1 is at least 250 nm.

5. The thickness E1 lies within a first delimited region of the graph of thickness E1 in nm relative to n1, and the first inclusive lower limit E1a is determined by the first curve C1 of thickness relative to n1, given the following equation: E1a(n1)=b1-a １１ ×(n1-n ｒ１ )-a ３１ ×(n1-n ｒ１ ) ３ -a ５１ ×(n1-n ｒ１ ) ５ 、 ここで、n ｒ１ 1499911220 １１ 300000 ３１ 5444×1 －３ 100% ５１ 569×1 －６ Yes、 Preferably, the vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that E1 is at most 3 μm.

6. The vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the optical protective layer includes a so-called protective coating, preferably a single layer, on surface F4.

7. The vehicle glazing according to claim 6, characterized in that the protective coating is inorganic and present on the second inorganic glass sheet, preferably a silica-based protective coating particularly in the form of a sol-gel, and E1 is at most 1.5 μm, or even more than 1.1 μm.

8. The vehicle glazing according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the protective coating comprises a layer based on porous silica, particularly a sol-gel, and optionally a lower layer of dense silica, particularly a sol-gel.

9. The vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the protective coating includes a porous silica layer, particularly a sol-gel layer, having a porosity of less than 20% by volume or less than 10% by volume.

10. The vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the optical protective layer comprises an organic or organic-inorganic hybrid layer, particularly an acrylate or polymethacrylate layer.

11. The vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the optical protective layer includes an adhesive layer made of a crosslinked polymer material on surface F4 in contact with the main inner surface Fi of a transparent film, and the transparent film is preferably glass having a maximum thickness of 600 μm.

12. The vehicle glazing according to claim 11, wherein the optical protective layer comprises an adhesive film, the adhesive film preferably having a thickness of at least 30 μm, more preferably up to 100 μm, preferably being a pressure-sensitive film, and preferably selected from an acrylate-based, urethane acrylate-based, fluorourethane acrylate-based, or silicone-based polymer.

13. The means for extracting the aforementioned light (6, 6') are as follows: - A texture of surface F3 or surface F4 of the second sheet, which is in contact with the covering optical protective layer. - Or, an extractor film located on surface F3 or surface F4 of the second sheet and in contact with the optical protective layer covering it, - Or, a scattering layer containing a binder and scattering particles and / or pores, which is located on and in contact with the optical shielding layer that covers surface F3 or surface F4 of the second sheet, - Or, localized scattering zones within the second sheet, including scattering particles and / or pores or laser etching. A vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by including the following, particularly a road vehicle glazing.

14. The vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the first colored layer is an intermediate layer, particularly a PVB-based intermediate layer.

15. The vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the vehicle glazing comprises an electrically controllable device or a photovoltaic device between surface F2 and surface F3, preferably between surface F2 and the first colored layer, and / or the vehicle glazing comprises a transparent functional polymer film, particularly a PVB-based transparent functional polymer film, between the first colored layer and surface F3, and optionally between the first colored intermediate layer and the intermediate layer on surface F3.

16. Vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the glazing is roof, door glazing, and side glazing, and the second glass sheet is in particular made of extra clear inorganic glass.

17. A vehicle, particularly a road vehicle, incorporating at least one glazing as described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

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