PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation method, apparatus, and equipment

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, apparatus, and equipment for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave. This method includes the steps of: obtaining an initial signal array by performing a fitting calculation on data points collected with a PJVS step wave containing multiple voltage steps, based on a Fourier transform; obtaining a target weight array by performing a weight calculation analysis based on the initial signal array using a preset S-function; and obtaining a target fundamental amplitude by calculating the fundamental amplitude of the PJVS quantum voltage step wave based on the target weight array. In this process, transient region and sampling data affected by the Gibbs effect are also made fully utilized, and the accuracy and reliability of the reproduced voltage can be ensured through specific calculations. Therefore, the technical problems of prior art, such as the discarding of transient region data and the lack of stability and reliability of the reproduced voltage, can be solved.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of voltage measurement, and more particularly to a method, apparatus, and device for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave.

[0002] This application claims priority to a Chinese patent application filed with the Chinese National Intellectual Property Office on October 30, 2023, with application number 202311424790.1, and titled "Method, Apparatus, and Device for Calculating PJVS Quantum Voltage Step Wave Amplitude," and all its contents are incorporated herein by reference. [Background technology]

[0003] The Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) can construct an AC voltage reference by outputting a quantum voltage step wave. However, due to transient processes and the Gibbs effect, fluctuations exist at both ends of the generated quantum voltage step, resulting in low accuracy of the corresponding sampled data. The usual data processing method involves removing transient data and using only the quantum voltage data in the stable region to reproduce the AC quantum voltage value and calibrate the AC voltage signal under calibration. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0004] For example, in conventional methods such as the 3σ method, it is necessary to separate the stable region and the transient region of the quantum voltage step. This results in retaining only the stable region data and discarding the transient region data, and also leads to low robustness when reproducing step-wave quantum voltages. Consequently, transient region data from the actual measurement process cannot be utilized, and when reproducing the voltage, stability and reliability are lacking, making it difficult to meet the needs of actual applications.

[0005] This application provides a method, apparatus, and device for calculating PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude to solve the technical problems in the prior art, such as the loss of transient region data and the lack of stability and reliability of the reproduced voltage. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In view of this, the first aspect of this application provides a method for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave, The steps include: obtaining an initial signal array by performing a fitting calculation on data points collected with a PJVS step wave containing multiple voltage steps, based on the Fourier transform; The steps include: using a preset S function to perform weight calculation analysis based on the initial signal array to obtain the target weight array; The process includes the step of calculating the PJVS quantum voltage step wave fundamental amplitude based on the aforementioned target weight array to obtain the target fundamental amplitude.

[0007] Preferably, the step of obtaining an initial signal array by performing a fitting calculation on data points collected with a PJVS step wave containing multiple voltage steps, based on the Fourier transform, The steps include: collecting a predetermined number of data points at each of the voltage steps of the PJVS step wave; A step of obtaining a fitting function by performing a discrete Fourier transform based on the step number of the voltage step and the predetermined number of data points, The method includes the steps of determining the fitting value for each data point using the fitting function, and then calculating the difference of elements based on the fitting value to obtain an initial signal array.

[0008] Preferably, before the step of obtaining the initial signal array by performing a fitting calculation on data points collected with a PJVS step wave that includes multiple voltage steps, based on the Fourier transform, The step of obtaining a PJVS staircase wave including a plurality of voltage steps further includes that the PJVS outputs a sinusoidal staircase wave voltage signal of a plurality of periods.

[0009] Preferably, the step of performing weight calculation analysis based on the initial signal array using a preset S function to obtain a target weight array includes: Calculating an element standard deviation based on the initial signal array, obtaining an initial weight according to the element standard deviation, and obtaining an initial weight array; Performing fitting processing on elements in the initial weight array using a preset S function to obtain a fitting weight array; Performing optimization calculation on elements in the fitting weight array to obtain a target weight array.

[0010] Preferably, the step of performing optimization calculation on elements in the fitting weight array to obtain a target weight array includes: Further including the step of setting negative weight elements in the fitting weight array to zero.

[0011] The second aspect of this application provides a calculation device for the PJVS quantum voltage staircase wave amplitude, A fitting calculation unit that performs fitting calculation on data points collected by the PJVS staircase wave including a plurality of voltage steps based on Fourier transform to obtain an initial signal array; A weight calculation unit that performs weight calculation analysis based on the initial signal array using a preset S function to obtain a target weight array; An amplitude calculation unit that calculates the fundamental wave amplitude of the PJVS quantum voltage staircase wave based on the target weight array to obtain a target fundamental wave amplitude.

[0012] Preferably, specifically, the fitting calculation unit: Collects a predetermined number of data points at each voltage step of the PJVS staircase wave, Based on the Fourier transform, perform a discrete Fourier transform according to the step number of the voltage step and the predetermined number of the data points to obtain a fitting function. After determining the fitting value of each data point using the fitting function, differential calculation of elements is performed based on the fitting value and is used to obtain an initial signal array.

[0013] Preferably, The waveform generation unit further includes a PJVS that includes a plurality of voltage steps by outputting a sinusoidal staircase voltage signal of a plurality of cycles by PJVS.

[0014] Preferably, the weight calculation unit specifically Calculate the element standard deviation based on the initial signal array, obtain an initial weight according to the element standard deviation, and obtain an initial weight array. Perform fitting processing on the elements in the initial weight array using a preset S function to obtain a fitting weight array. Optimization calculation is performed on the elements in the fitting weight array and is used to obtain a target weight array.

[0015] The third aspect of the present application provides a computer device for calculating the PJVS quantum voltage staircase wave amplitude, including a processor and a memory. The memory stores program code and is used to transmit the program code to the processor. The processor is used to execute the method for calculating the PJVS quantum voltage staircase wave amplitude described in the first aspect based on the instructions in the program code.

Advantages of the Invention

[0016] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the embodiments of the present application have the following advantages. This application provides a method for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave, which includes the steps of: obtaining an initial signal array by performing a fitting calculation on data points collected with a PJVS step wave containing multiple voltage steps based on a Fourier transform; obtaining a target weight array by performing a weight calculation analysis based on the initial signal array using a preset S function; and obtaining a target fundamental amplitude by calculating the fundamental amplitude of the PJVS quantum voltage step wave based on the target weight array.

[0017] The PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation method provided in this application eliminates the need to partition the stable region and the transient region. By calculating the target weight array using the initial signal array obtained based on the voltage step, the fundamental wave amplitude can be accurately reproduced based on the weight array. In this process, the transient region and sampling data affected by the Gibbs effect are also fully utilized, and the accuracy and reliability of the reproduced voltage can be ensured through specific calculations. Therefore, this application can solve the technical problems of the prior art in which transient region data is discarded and the reproduced voltage lacks stability and reliability. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0018] [Figure 1] This is a flowchart of the method for calculating the PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude provided in the embodiment of this application. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation device provided in the embodiment of this application. [Figure 3] This is an illustrative diagram of the weight distribution characteristic curves before and after fitting using a preset S-function, provided by the embodiment of this application. [Figure 4] This is an illustrative diagram of the weight distribution characteristic curve in the target weight array provided by the embodiment of this application. [Figure 5] This is an illustrative diagram of a comparison curve of amplitude reproduction results between the solution provided in the embodiment of this application and the 3σ method. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of this application, the drawings of the embodiments of this application are combined below to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and the embodiments described are not all embodiments but only a selection of embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained, on the premise that those skilled in the art do not perform work worthy of inventive step, are all within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] To facilitate understanding, refer to Figure 1, and an example of the method for calculating the PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude provided in this application includes the following steps. Step 101: Based on the Fourier transform, perform a fitting calculation on the data points collected with a PJVS staircase wave containing multiple voltage steps to obtain the initial signal array.

[0021] Step 101 is, The steps include: collecting a predetermined number of data points at each voltage step of a PJVS step wave; The process involves obtaining a fitting function by performing a discrete Fourier transform based on the step number of the voltage step and a predetermined number of data points, based on the Fourier transform. The process includes the steps of: determining the fitted value for each data point using a fitting function; and then obtaining the initial signal array by calculating the difference between elements based on the fitted value.

[0022] Furthermore, before step 101, The process further includes the step of obtaining a PJVS step wave containing multiple voltage steps, since the PJVS outputs a sinusoidal step wave voltage signal with multiple periods.

[0023] In the sinusoidal step-wave voltage signal with multiple periods output by PJVS, each period contains multiple voltage steps. Let P be the number of periods output and S be the number of voltage steps included in each period, where both P and S are positive integers.

[0024] Collect a predetermined number T of data points at each voltage step of the PJVS stepped wave, and integrate the collected T data points according to the step number k of each voltage step to obtain an array S of PS dimensions 1k and perform a discrete Fourier transform process on the array S 1k to obtain a fitting function f(t). Also, the value of T is an even number, the value of k is an integer, and 1 ≤ k ≤ T.

[0025] Use the fitting function f(t) to obtain the fitting value corresponding to the k-th data point of each voltage step, and generate a fitting value array S of PS dimensions 2k and perform an element difference calculation on the array S 1k and the fitting value array S 2k to obtain the initial signal array S k =(S k,1 , S k,2 ,......, S k,PS ), where PS is the product of the number of voltage steps and the number of periods, that is, the total number of voltage steps.

[0026] Step 102: Use the preset S function to perform weight calculation analysis based on the initial signal array to obtain a target weight array.

[0027] Furthermore, step 102 includes the step of calculating the element standard deviation based on the initial signal array, obtaining the initial weight according to the element standard deviation, and obtaining an initial weight array; the step of performing fitting processing on the elements in the initial weight array using the preset S function to obtain a fitting weight array; and the step of performing optimization calculation on the elements in the fitting weight array to obtain a target weight array.

[0028] Furthermore, the step of performing optimization calculation on the elements in the fitting weight array to obtain a target weight array is The process further includes the step of setting negative weight elements in the fitting weight array to zero.

[0029] Note that the initial signal array S k =( S k,1 ,S k,2 ,......,S k,PS Based on this, the element standard deviation σ of the elements included k The process of calculating this can be expressed as follows:

number

[0030] S k,m represents the m-th element in the initial signal array, PS is the total number of elements, and μ is the variance, and can be specifically expressed as follows:

number

[0031] Element standard deviation σ k The process for determining the initial weights based on the following is as follows:

number

[0032] Here, the preset S function is expressed as follows:

number

[0033] Using the preset S function, the initial weight array W=(W1,W2,...W k ,...,W T The fitting operation is performed on the weight value elements of the first and second halves of the ) and the fitted weight array Ws Given the number of weight elements T=100, Figure 3 shows an example of the weight array curve distribution before and after fitting. As can be seen, the weight distribution characteristics before and after fitting differ significantly. The weight distribution before fitting shows large fluctuations and clear instability, while the weight distribution after fitting is relatively stable and shows less fluctuation.

[0034] To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the weight array obtained by calculation, this embodiment uses a fitting weight array W s The main objective is to continuously optimize the fitting weight array W s This involves further increasing the weight of the intermediate region, and the specific calculation process can be expressed as follows.

number

[0035] W s (n) is the fitting weight array W s The nth weight element in W f (n) is the target weight array W f This shows the nth weight element in the fitted weight array W. s By setting all negative weight elements in to zero and combining the optimization calculation and zero-setting process, the target weight array W is obtained. f This can be obtained, and for the target weight distribution, please refer to Figure 4. In this case, T=100, and as can be seen from this, the change characteristics of the fitted weight array and the target weight array in this case are basically the same, and both maintain relatively stable fluctuations.

[0036] Step 103: Calculate the PJVS quantum voltage step wave fundamental amplitude based on the target weight array to obtain the target fundamental amplitude.

[0037] The calculation process for the fundamental wave amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave can be expressed as follows.

number

[0038] According to the PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation method provided in the embodiment of this application, there is no need to partition the stable region and the transient region. By calculating the target weight array based on the initial signal array obtained in the voltage step, the fundamental wave amplitude can be accurately reproduced based on the weight array. In this process, the transient region and sampling data affected by the Gibbs effect are also fully utilized, and the accuracy and reliability of the reproduced voltage can be ensured through specific calculations. Therefore, the embodiment of this application can solve the technical problems of the prior art in which transient region data is discarded and the reproduced voltage lacks stability and reliability.

[0039] To facilitate understanding, refer to Figure 2, and this application provides an embodiment of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculator. A fitting calculation unit 201 obtains an initial signal array by performing fitting calculations on data points collected with a PJVS staircase wave containing multiple voltage steps, based on the Fourier transform. A weight calculation unit 202 obtains a target weight array by performing weight calculation analysis based on the initial signal array using a preset S function. The system includes an amplitude calculation unit 203 that calculates the PJVS quantum voltage step wave fundamental amplitude based on a target weight array to obtain the target fundamental amplitude.

[0040] Preferably, the fitting calculation unit 201 specifically, A predetermined number of data points are collected at each voltage step of the PJVS step wave. Based on the Fourier transform, a discrete Fourier transform is performed according to the step number of the voltage step and a predetermined number of data points to obtain a fitting function. After determining the fitting value for each data point using a fitting function, the element difference calculation is performed based on the fitting value to obtain the initial signal array.

[0041] Preferably, The system further includes a waveform generation unit 204 that obtains a PJVS staircase waveform containing multiple voltage steps, as the PJVS outputs sinusoidal staircase voltage signals with multiple periods.

[0042] Preferably, the weight calculation unit 202 specifically, Based on the initial signal array, calculate the element standard deviation, determine the initial weights according to the element standard deviation, and obtain the initial weight array. Using the preset S function, a fitting process is performed on the elements in the initial weight array to obtain the fitted weight array. This is used to perform optimization calculations on the elements of the fitting weight array to obtain the target weight array.

[0043] This application further provides a computing device for PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitudes, including a processor and memory. Memory is used to store program code and transmit it to the processor. The processor is used to execute the method for calculating the PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude in the above embodiment of the method, based on instructions in the program code.

[0044] In some embodiments provided in this application, the disclosed apparatus and methods may be implemented in other forms. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, for example, the partitions of the units are merely partitions of logical functions, and in actual implementation, there may be other partitioning schemes, for example, multiple units or assemblies may be coupled or integrated with other systems, or some features may be ignored or not performed. Furthermore, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the indicated or considered may be an indirect coupling or communication connection by several interfaces, devices, or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0045] Units described as individual components may or may not be physically separated, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Depending on the actual needs, some or all of these units can be selected to achieve the objectives of the technical proposal of this embodiment.

[0046] Furthermore, each functional unit in each embodiment of this application may be integrated into a single processing unit, each unit may exist individually and physically, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The integrated unit described above may be implemented in hardware form or in the form of a software functional unit.

[0047] The integrated unit may be implemented in the form of a software function unit and, if sold or used as an independent product, may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the essence of the proposed technology of this application, or any part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the proposed technology, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored on a storage medium and contains several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of this application. The storage medium may include various media capable of storing program code, such as USB memory, portable hard disks, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0048] The above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting to the technical solutions of this application. While the application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is still possible to amend the technical solutions described in each of the above embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions to some of their technical features, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. Such amendments or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of each embodiment of this application.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave, The steps include: obtaining an initial signal array by performing a fitting calculation on data points collected with a PJVS step wave containing multiple voltage steps, based on the Fourier transform; The steps include: obtaining a target weight array by performing a weight calculation analysis based on the initial signal array using a preset S function; The steps include: calculating the PJVS quantum voltage step wave fundamental amplitude based on the aforementioned target weight array and obtaining the target fundamental amplitude; A method for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave, characterized by including the following.

2. The step of obtaining an initial signal array by performing a fitting calculation on data points collected with a PJVS step wave containing multiple voltage steps, based on the Fourier transform, The steps include: collecting a predetermined number of data points at each of the voltage steps of the PJVS step wave; A step of obtaining a fitting function by performing a discrete Fourier transform based on the step number of the voltage step and the predetermined number of data points, The steps include: determining the fitting value for each data point using the fitting function, then calculating the difference of elements based on the fitting value to obtain the initial signal array; A method for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave according to claim 1, characterized by including the following:

3. Before the step of obtaining the initial signal array by performing a fitting calculation on data points collected with a PJVS step wave containing multiple voltage steps based on the Fourier transform, The PJVS outputs sinusoidal step-wave voltage signals with multiple periods, and the step of obtaining a PJVS step-wave that includes multiple voltage steps. The method for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave according to claim 1, further comprising the above.

4. The step of obtaining a target weight array by performing weight calculation analysis based on the initial signal array using a preset S function is as follows: The steps include: calculating the element standard deviation based on the initial signal array, determining the initial weights according to the element standard deviation, and obtaining the initial weight array; The steps include: performing a fitting process on the elements in the initial weight array using a preset S function to obtain a fitted weight array; The steps include: performing optimization calculations on the elements in the aforementioned fitting weight array to obtain a target weight array; A method for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave according to claim 1, characterized by including the following:

5. The step of performing an optimization calculation on the elements in the fitting weight array to obtain the target weight array is as follows: The step of setting the negative weight elements in the fitting weight array to zero, The method for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave according to claim 4, further comprising the above.

6. A PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculator, A fitting calculation unit that obtains an initial signal array by performing fitting calculations on data points collected with a PJVS staircase wave containing multiple voltage steps, based on the Fourier transform, A weight calculation unit that uses a preset S function to perform weight calculation analysis based on the initial signal array to obtain a target weight array, An amplitude calculation unit that calculates the PJVS quantum voltage step wave fundamental amplitude based on the aforementioned target weight array and obtains the target fundamental amplitude, A device for calculating the amplitude of a PJVS quantum voltage step wave, characterized by including the following:

7. The fitting calculation unit specifically includes, A predetermined number of data points are collected at each voltage step of the PJVS step wave. Based on the Fourier transform, a discrete Fourier transform is performed according to the step number of the voltage step and the predetermined number of data points to obtain a fitting function. After determining the fitting value for each data point using the fitting function, the difference calculation of the elements is performed based on the fitting value to obtain the initial signal array. The PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation device according to feature 6.

8. The PJVS further includes a waveform generation unit that obtains a PJVS staircase wave containing multiple voltage steps, by having the PJVS output sinusoidal staircase voltage signals with multiple periods. The PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation device according to feature 6.

9. The aforementioned weight calculation unit specifically, Based on the initial signal array, the element standard deviation is calculated, and the initial weights are determined according to the element standard deviation to obtain the initial weight array. Using the preset S function, a fitting process is performed on the elements in the initial weight array to obtain a fitted weight array. An optimization calculation is performed on the elements in the aforementioned fitting weight array to obtain the target weight array. The PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation device according to feature 6.

10. A computing device for PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude, including a processor and memory, The memory is used to store program code and to transmit the program code to the processor. The processor is used to perform the PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, based on the instructions in the program code. A PJVS quantum voltage step wave amplitude calculator characterized by the following features.

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