Power generation equipment

Abstract

The power generation device according to the present invention is a primary-excitation variable-speed pumping storage power generation device or a primary-excitation variable-speed power generation device. When pump-turbine or water turbine output due to an increase in the reduction rate of the rotation speed command value relative to maximum output of a rotation speed when the load suddenly increases from partial load to maximum output is insufficient for a power output equivalent while a guide vane opening degree is near fully open and the rotation speed decreases, increasing of a power-generating motor output command or a power generator output command is temporarily stopped for a certain period of time, and the stop on the increasing of the power-generating motor output command or the power generator output command is canceled after the rotation speed has been increased until the output of the pump-turbine or the water turbine reaches or exceeds maximum power output including loss on the electrical machinery side.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an adjustable speed pumped-storage power generation system or an adjustable speed power generation system, and in particular to a power generation system that operates as an adjustable speed pumped-storage power generation system or an adjustable speed power generation system in which speed control is performed on the pump turbine or turbine side during power generation operation, and the output power monotonically follows a power output command, enabling continuous stable operation. [Background technology]

[0002] In the power generation operation of an adjustable speed pumped storage power generation system or adjustable speed power generation system, the pump turbine or turbine side is in charge of rotation speed control according to the power and head, and the generator motor or generator side is in charge of power control to directly follow the power output command from the outside. This system provides a rapid power response close to the power output command, but speed fluctuations and overshoots are unavoidable because the speed control depends on the pump turbine side flow control, which has a slow response. Therefore, in a doubly excited adjustable speed pumped storage power generation system, where the variable speed width is usually less than about 10%, protective control is applied, such as a method of adding a power output correction command defined according to the rotation speed or slip frequency to the power output command to prevent the variable speed range limit from being exceeded when the slip frequency approaches the variable speed range limit, and further, when the slip frequency is within the normal operating range, the maximum rate of change of the generator motor output command or generator output command is kept constant, and when the slip frequency is within a range below the lower limit of the normal operating range by a predetermined value and when the slip frequency is within the upper limit of the normal operating range, the maximum rate of change of the generator motor output command or generator output command is kept constant. In the range where the slip frequency exceeds the lower limit by a predetermined value, the maximum rate of change of the generator motor output command or the generator output command is multiplied by a value in the range from 1.0 to 0.0, and in the range where the slip frequency is below the lower limit by a predetermined value or more and in the range where the slip frequency is above the upper limit by a predetermined value or more, the maximum rate of change of the generator motor output command or the generator output command is multiplied by zero to impose limitations. In addition, a control is applied to limit overshoot or undershoot of the guide vane opening with respect to the optimal guide vane opening command depending on whether the difference between the rotational speed and the optimal rotational speed command is large or small relative to "0.0."

[0003] In the power generating operation of this doubly-fed adjustable speed pumped-storage power generation plant, a method of applying control to limit the power command rate when the slip frequency approaches the upper or lower limit of the normal operating range, and a method of applying control to limit the overshoot or undershoot of the guide vane opening with respect to the optimal guide vane opening command depending on the magnitude of the difference between the rotation speed and the optimal rotation speed command and "0.0", is described in the following Patent Document 1.

[0004] Fig. 4 is a configuration diagram of a doubly-fed variable-speed pumped-storage power generation system 100 described in Patent Document 1. In Fig. 4, reference numeral 1 denotes a generator motor. The generator motor 1 is rotationally driven by a pump turbine 2 directly connected to a rotor, and an AC excitation current adjusted to a predetermined frequency according to the rotation speed N of the generator motor 1 is supplied to a secondary winding 1b of the generator motor 1 by a secondary excitation control device 3 equipped with a frequency converter, and variable speed operation is performed so that AC power of a frequency equal to that of an AC system 4 is output from a primary winding 1a of the generator motor 1.

[0005] Reference numeral 5 denotes a water turbine characteristic function generator. The water turbine characteristic function generator 5 receives an externally applied power generation output command Po and a water level detection signal H, and generates an optimum rotational speed command Na and an optimum guide vane opening Ya for operation under optimum operating conditions. Reference numeral 16 denotes a rotational speed controller. The rotational speed controller 16 compares the optimum rotational speed command Na with the actual rotational speed N detected by the rotational speed detector 6, and outputs a guide vane opening correction signal ΔY. The optimum guide vane opening Ya from the water turbine characteristic function generator 5 is energized by an adder 21 together with the guide vane opening correction signal ΔY, and input to the guide vane drive device 10, which controls the guide vanes 11.

[0006] Also, 7 denotes a slip phase detector. The slip phase detector 7 detects a slip phase Sp, which is equal to the difference between the potential phase of the AC system 4 and the secondary side rotation phase of the generator motor 1 expressed in electrical angle. This Sp is input to the secondary excitation control device 3. Also, the output f of a converter 30 that calculates the synchronous frequency equivalent of the generator motor 1, which is a variable speed motor generator, from the actual rotation speed N detected by the rotation speed detector 6 is Nand the frequency f of the AC system 4 are input to a power output command value change rate limiter 31.

[0007] The power output command value change rate limiter 31 is a frequency f corresponding to the synchronous frequency of the generator motor 1. N and the frequency f of AC system 4, ff N In the normal operation range between the upper limit (Δf1) and the lower limit (−Δf2), the power output command value is not subject to a change rate limit and an output signal of 1.0 (a constant value) is output. N When the upper limit value is in the range of Δf1 to Δf3 and the lower limit value is in the range of -Δf2 to -Δf4, the difference ff N The power output command value change rate limiter 31 outputs a value between 1.0 and 0.0 proportional to the increase or decrease of the power output command value ff. N If Δf3 is greater than or equal to the difference ff N is less than -Δf4, 0.0 (constant value) is output as the output signal. Here, the values ​​of Δf1, Δf3, -Δf2 and -Δf4 are determined so that Δf1<Δf3, -Δf4<-Δf2 are satisfied within the limit occurrence frequency range of the secondary excitation control device 3 so that the rotation speed N does not exceed the variable speed range limit of the doubly excited variable speed pumped storage power generation device 100.

[0008] A multiplier 32 multiplies the output of the power output command value change rate limiter 31 by the maximum change rate PR of the generator motor output command, and outputs the power output command value change rate.

[0009] The subtractor 33 subtracts the generator motor output command Pg from the power generation output command Po given from the outside, and outputs a required change amount Po-Pg of the generator motor output command.

[0010] The positive / negative sign determiner 34 receives the required change amount Po-Pg of the generator motor output command, which is the output of the subtractor 33, and outputs 1.0 or -1.0 depending on whether Po-Pg is positive or negative. The positive / negative sign determiner 34 may be provided with a dead zone that outputs 0.0 for Po-Pg values ​​close to zero and below a predetermined positive or negative value.

[0011] A multiplier 35 multiplies the power output command value change rate, which is the output of the multiplier 32, by the positive / negative sign determination value of the required change amount of the generator motor output command, which is the output of the positive / negative sign determination device 34, to generate a power output command value increase / decrease change rate, and outputs this.

[0012] An integrator 36 integrates the power output command value increase / decrease change rate, which is the output of the multiplier 35, to generate a generator motor output command Pg, and outputs this.

[0013] The generator motor output command Pg and the slip phase Sp of the slip phase detector 7 are input to a secondary excitation control device 3. The secondary excitation control device 3 controls the AC excitation current supplied to the secondary winding 1b of the generator motor 1 so that the output detection signal P of the generator motor 1 detected by an active power detector 9 becomes equal to the generator motor output command Pg.

[0014] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the rotation speed control device 16. As shown in FIG.

[0015] The rotation speed control device 16 includes a subtractor 40, multipliers 41 and 42, an integral control element 43, a differential control element 44, an adder 47, upper limit functions 60 and 61, a multiplier 62, lower limit functions 70 and 71, and a multiplier 72. The integral control element 43 includes subtractors 48 and 50, an integral control function 49, a minimum value selection function 51, and a maximum value selection function 52. The differential control element 44 includes an inexact differential function 45 and a multiplier 46.

[0016] The subtractor 40 receives the optimum rotational speed command Na output from the turbine characteristic function generator 5 and the actual rotational speed N of the generator motor rotor detected by the rotational speed detector 6, subtracts the rotational speed N from the optimum rotational speed command Na, and outputs the rotational speed command deviation Na-N of the generator motor rotor.

[0017] The multiplier 41 multiplies the rotational speed deviation Na-N of the generator motor rotor, which is the output of the subtractor 40, by the reciprocal of the synchronous rotational speed No of the generator motor rotor with respect to the rated frequency of the AC system 4, and outputs the dimensionless rotational speed deviation value (Na-N) / No of the generator motor rotor.

[0018] The multiplier 42 is a proportional control function of the proportional control element of the rotation speed control device 16, and outputs a signal obtained by multiplying the dimensionless rotation speed deviation value (Na-N) / No of the generator motor rotor by a proportional gain Kp. In the integral control element 43, which is an integral control element of the rotation speed control device 16, a subtractor 48 subtracts the output value of the subtractor 50 from the dimensionless rotation speed deviation value (Na-N) / No of the generator motor rotor, and an integral control function 49 multiplies the output value of the subtractor 48 by an integral gain Ki and integrates it. Furthermore, a minimum value selection function 51 compares the output value of the integral control function 49 with the output value of the multiplier 62, and outputs the minimum value side as the upper limit value of the integral control element output runaway prevention circuit. A maximum value selection function 52 compares the output value of the minimum value selection function 51 with the output value of the multiplier 72, and outputs the maximum value side as the lower limit value of the integral control element output runaway prevention circuit. The differential control element 44 is a differential control element of the rotational speed control device 16, and outputs a value obtained by multiplying the output value of an inexact differential function 45, to which the dimensionless rotational speed deviation value (Na-N) / No of the generator motor rotor is input, by a differential gain Kd in a multiplier 46. An adder 47 adds the output value of the multiplier 42, the output value of the integral control element 43, and the output value of the differential control element 44, and outputs the addition result as a guide vane opening correction signal ΔY, which is an output of the rotational speed control device 16.

[0019] It should be noted that the subtractor 50 in the integral control element 43 shown in FIG. 5 subtracts the output value of the maximum value selection function 52 from the output value of the integral control function 49, and outputs the subtraction result to the subtractor 48.

[0020] Next, an upper limit function and a lower limit function of the integral control element output runaway prevention circuit of the integral control element related to the doubly-fed adjustable speed pumped-storage power generation plant 100 will be described.

[0021] The upper limit function 60 is an example of an upper limit function determined corresponding to the optimum guide vane opening Ya of a conventional integral control element output runaway prevention circuit, and outputs a value between 1.0 and 0.0 for an input value of the optimum guide vane opening Ya between 0.0 and 1.0.

[0022] The upper limit function 61 is an example of an upper limit function determined corresponding to the non-dimensional rotational speed deviation (Na-N) / No which is the output of the multiplier 41. In order to limit the positive guide vane opening correction signal ΔY output value due to the output of the accumulated portion in the integral control element of the rotational speed control device 16 when the rotational speed N exceeds the optimal rotational speed command Na, this upper limit function 61 outputs a value b when the non-dimensional rotational speed deviation (Na-N) / No is 0.0 or less, outputs a value from b to 1.0 proportionally when the non-dimensional rotational speed deviation (Na-N) / No is in the range from 0.0 to n3, and outputs 1.0 when the non-dimensional rotational speed deviation (Na-N) / No is n3 or more. Here, the output value b when the non-dimensional rotational speed deviation (Na-N) / No is 0.0 or less is selected within the range from 0.01 to 0.5.

[0023] A multiplier 62 multiplies an output value from an upper limit function 60 determined corresponding to the optimum guide vane opening degree Ya of the integral control element output runaway prevention circuit by an output value from an upper limit function 61 for the dimensionless rotational speed deviation (Na-N) / No, and outputs the result.

[0024] The lower limit function 70 is an example of a lower limit function determined corresponding to the optimum guide vane opening Ya of a conventional integral control element output runaway prevention circuit, and outputs a value from 0.0 to -1.0 for an input value of the optimum guide vane opening Ya from 0.0 to 1.0.

[0025] The lower limit function 71 is an example of a lower limit function determined in response to the non-dimensional rotational speed deviation (Na-N) / No which is the output of the multiplier 41. In order to limit the negative guide vane opening correction signal ΔY output value due to the output of the accumulated portion in the integral control element 43 of the rotational speed control device 16 within a range where the rotational speed N is below the optimal rotational speed command Na or within a certain range close to zero even when the rotational speed N exceeds the optimal rotational speed command Na, the lower limit function 71 outputs a value a when the non-dimensional rotational speed deviation (Na-N) / No is -n2 or more, outputs a value from a to 1.0 in proportion when the non-dimensional rotational speed deviation (Na-N) / No is in the range from -n2 to -n1, and outputs 1.0 when the non-dimensional rotational speed deviation (Na-N) / No is -n1 or less. Here, the output value a when the non-dimensional rotational speed deviation (Na-N) / No is -n2 or more is selected within the range of 0.01 to 0.5. Incidentally, since the optimum rotational speed command range for the power generation mode of a variable speed pump-turbine is often limited to the lower end of the variable speed range, the dimensionless rotational speed deviations -n1 and -n2 are selected within the range of (Na-No) / No<-n1<-n2<0.0.

[0026] A multiplier 72 multiplies an output value from a lower limit function 70 determined corresponding to the optimum guide vane opening degree Ya of the integral control element output runaway prevention circuit by an output value from a lower limit function 71 for the dimensionless rotational speed deviation (Na-N) / No, and outputs the result.

[0027] As described above, the doubly-fed adjustable-speed pumped-storage power generation device 100 has a power output command value change rate limiter 31 that sets the maximum change rate of the power output command to a constant value of 1.0 when the slip frequency is within the normal operation range, sets the maximum change rate of the power output command to a constant value of 0.0 when the slip frequency is below the lower limit of the normal operation range by a predetermined value or more, and sets the maximum change rate of the power output command to a constant value of 0.0 when the slip frequency is near the normal operation range, i.e., when the deviation of the slip frequency from the lower limit of the normal operation range is within a predetermined value, and when the deviation of the slip frequency from the upper limit of the normal operation range is within a predetermined value, the power output command value change rate limiter 31 applies a limit by multiplying the maximum change rate of the power output command by a value in the range from 1.0 to 0.0 according to the deviation of the slip frequency from the normal operation range. This makes it possible to prevent the power output from changing suddenly. In other words, it is possible to realize an adjustable-speed pumped-storage power generation device that can prevent disturbances from being caused to the power grid side.

[0028] By applying the control technology of the doubly-fed adjustable speed pumped-storage power generation apparatus described in Patent Document 1 having such a configuration to the control of a primary-fed adjustable speed pumped-storage power generation apparatus or a primary-fed adjustable speed power generation apparatus, it is possible to significantly reduce excessive overshoot and undershoot of the transient rotation speed from the optimal rotation speed command in response to a sudden decrease in the power generation output command Po even in the power generation operation of the primary-fed adjustable speed pumped-storage power generation apparatus or the primary-fed adjustable speed power generation apparatus. Note that Patent Document 2 is a US application patent of Patent Document 1, and Patent Document 3 is an EP application patent of Patent Document 1. Patent Document 4 is a document related to synchronous operation as a control for preventing deviation from the variable speed range of a doubly-fed adjustable speed pumped-storage power generation apparatus. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0029] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6446569 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Pat. No. 10,326,393 [Patent Document 3] European Patent No. 3396847 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-317697 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0030] However, the variable speed range of the doubly excited variable speed pumped storage power generation device is at most ±10% of the rated rotation speed corresponding to the system frequency. Even if the maximum change rate PR of the generator motor output command or the generator output command is increased to increase the speed of response to the change in the system power demand, the flow rate change time constant corresponding to the change in the power output of the water channel system is constant. Therefore, the generator motor output command or the generator output command is followed by the input and output of the inertial energy of the rotor due to the change in the rotation speed. N The rotation speed repeatedly drops excessively above the upper limit f1 or increases excessively below the lower limit -f2, and the power output command value change rate output value of the multiplier 32 changes between 1.0 and 0.0. As a result, as shown in the analysis example of the power output (power output) of a doubly-fed variable-speed pumped-storage power generation device shown in Figure 6, where the power output increases sharply from 0.8 pu. to 1.0 pu., the frequency difference ff due to the drop in rotation speed increases when the power output during the power output increase is about 0.88 pu. or more. N The increase rate of the generator motor output command or the generator output command is limited by the excessive increase of the generator motor output command or the generator output command, and the increase of the power output is also slowed down accordingly. This effect makes it possible to increase the power output monotonically in response to the increase of the generator motor output command or the generator output command, while preventing deviation from the variable speed range due to an excessive decrease in the rotation speed.

[0031] On the other hand, a primary excitation variable speed pumped storage power generation device having a variable speed range from about -100% to about +10% of the rated rotation speed corresponding to the system frequency is applied to the same power plant as the analysis example of FIG. 6, and the frequency difference ff NFigure 7 shows an example of the analysis result when the set value f1 of is increased to 60% or more of the system frequency according to the variable speed width of the primary excitation variable speed pumped storage power generation unit. In Figure 7, the power output command is not shown because the power output command and the power output are completely consistent, but the rotation speed gradually decreases, but the power output increases linearly from 0.8 pu. to 1.0 pu. However, the maximum turbine output immediately after the power output reaches 1.0 pu. is 1.006 pu. in terms of the maximum power output ratio, which is insufficient to cover the loss of about 0.03 pu. in the generator motor, frequency converter, and other electrical equipment. As a result, the rotation speed continues to decrease further, which leads to a decrease in turbine output due to a decrease in the operating efficiency of the pump turbine, and a significant decrease in the rotation speed leads to a significant shortage of the pump turbine's output, which causes a further decrease in rotation speed and a shortage of the pump turbine's output, and it may become impossible to continue stable power generation operation.

[0032] Here, in Figures 5 and 6, the analysis is performed for a sudden increase in power output from 0.8 pu. to 1.0 pu. This is because the amount of decrease in rotation speed when the power output is suddenly increased from around 0.8 pu. to 1.0 pu. is the largest compared to other changes in power output.

[0033] In the analysis example shown in Figure 7, an example of a method for preventing a decrease in rotation speed after the power output reaches 1.0 pu. is to increase the full opening degree of the guide vanes. Figure 8 shows an example of an analysis result in which the power output suddenly increases from 0.8 pu. to 1.0 pu. at a maximum change rate PR of the power output command of 1.0 pu. / 60 seconds in a primary excitation adjustable speed pumped-storage power generation plant when the maximum guide vane opening degree is increased by about 7% at the same power plant as in the analysis example shown in Figure 7. In the analysis example shown in Figure 8, the turbine output immediately after the power output reaches 1.0 pu. is more than 0.03 pu. higher than the power output, and the rotation speed also increases to approximately 0.98 pu., which is the optimal rotation speed command Na at a power output of 1.0 pu. However, in this example, the maximum rotational speed reached is 1.325 pu. in the analysis example shown in FIG. 9 when the load is cut off immediately after the power output reaches 1.0 pu. in the analysis example shown in FIG. 7, whereas the maximum rotational speed reached is 1.343 pu. in the analysis example shown in FIG. 8 when the load is cut off immediately after the power output reaches 1.0 pu. in the analysis example shown in FIG. 8, which is an increase of 0.018 pu. In addition, the maximum guide vane opening is increased by about 7% in the analysis example shown in FIG. 7 compared to the analysis example shown in FIG. 7, and the unconstrained speed is also increased accordingly, so that the load on the generator motor or generator rotor strength is increased. Therefore, in the analysis example shown in FIG. 8, in a primary excitation variable speed pumped storage power generation system or a primary excitation variable speed power generation system that is modified to convert the excitation power generated in the primary side stator to a specified frequency of the commercial power system through a frequency converter while leaving the generator motor or generator of the existing constant speed pumped storage power generation system or constant speed power generation system unchanged, it may be difficult to increase the maximum guide vane opening, including the problem of the generator motor or generator rotor strength, and in such a case, it is not applicable.

[0034] The present invention has been made in view of the above, and has an object to obtain a power generating device that can monotonically follow a sudden decrease in a power output command within a range from no load to maximum output, even if a large value is applied to the maximum rate of change PR of a generator motor output command or a generator output command, by effectively utilizing a wide variable speed range of a primary excitation variable speed pumped storage power generating device or a primary excitation variable speed power generating device to which protective control by synchronous operation transition shown in Patent Document 4 cannot be applied. The present invention can also be applied as a substitute for synchronous operation transition, which is a variable speed range deviation prevention control of a doubly excited variable speed pumped storage power generating device or a doubly excited variable speed power generating device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0035] In order to solve the above problems and achieve the object, the present invention provides a variable speed generator / motor or variable speed generator having a secondary side DC excited salient pole rotor rotating at a variable speed and a primary side stator connected to a commercial power system via a frequency converter, and a pump turbine directly connected to the rotor of the variable speed generator / motor or generator to drive it in a power generating operation and to be driven by it in a pumping operation, and in the power generating operation, a speed control command calculated by a rotation speed control device having a proportional control element, an integral control element and a differential control element based on the deviation between the rotation speed of the rotor and a rotation speed command is given to the pump turbine as a prime mover to control the speed, while a power output command is given to the pump turbine as a pump turbine. a power generating device which controls power by giving a command to a variable speed generator-motor or variable speed generator, and which operates the variable speed generator or variable speed generator at a variable speed, and when the load at a power plant increases rapidly from a partial load at a full head toward maximum output, the pump-turbine or water turbine output becomes insufficient for the power output when the guide vane opening is near full open due to an increase in the reduction rate of the rotational speed with respect to the rotational speed command value for maximum output, and the rotational speed decreases, the increase in the generator-motor output command is stopped for a certain period of time, and the rotational speed is increased until the output of the pump-turbine or water turbine becomes equal to or exceeds the maximum power output including electric machine side losses, and then the stop of the increase in the generator-motor output command is released. Effect of the Invention

[0036] The power generation device according to the present invention has the advantage of being able to realize a primary excitation variable speed pumped-storage power generation device and a primary excitation variable speed power generation device that can follow a sudden decrease in the power output command within the range from no load to maximum output even when a large value is applied to the maximum rate of change PR of the generator motor output command or the generator output command. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0037] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a primary-fed adjustable-speed pumped-storage power generating system according to the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a power output command limit function of a primary excitation variable speed pumped storage power generating plant. [Diagram 3] Figure 3 shows an example of analysis results in which a primary excitation variable speed pumped storage power generation unit is applied to the same power plant as the analysis example shown in Figure 7, and the power generation output is suddenly increased from 0.8 pu. to 1.0 pu. at a maximum change rate PR of 1.0 pu. / 60 seconds for the generator motor output command, and when the guide vane opening is 0.98 pu. or more and the rotational speed is decelerating, the increase in the generator motor output command Pg is stopped for 15 seconds, and the rotational speed is increased until the turbine output becomes equal to or greater than the maximum power output including the electric machine side losses, and then the stop on the increase in the generator motor output command is released. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a conventional doubly-fed adjustable-speed pumped-storage power generation system. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a rotation speed control device of a doubly-fed variable speed pumped-storage power generating apparatus. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of an analysis result when the power generation output is suddenly increased from 0.8 pu. to 1.0 pu. at a maximum change rate PR of the generator motor output command of 1.0 pu. / 60 seconds in a conventional dual excitation variable speed pumped storage power generation plant. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows an example of the analysis results when a primary excitation variable speed pumped storage power generation unit is applied to the same power plant as the analysis example in FIG. 6, and the power generation output is suddenly increased from 0.8 pu. to 1.0 pu. with a maximum change rate PR of the generator-motor output command of 1.0 pu. / 60 seconds. [Figure 8]FIG. 8 shows an example of analysis results when the power generation output is suddenly increased from 0.8 pu. to 1.0 pu. at a maximum change rate PR of the generator-motor output command of 1.0 pu. / 60 seconds in a primary excitation adjustable speed pumped-storage power generation plant in the same power plant as the analysis example shown in FIG. 7, but with the maximum guide vane opening increased by approximately 7%. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the analysis results in the case where load shedding occurs 21 seconds after the start of the analysis, immediately after the power generation output is suddenly increased from 0.8 pu. to 1.0 pu. with a maximum change rate PR of the generator-motor output command of 1.0 pu. / 60 seconds, as in FIG. 7 . [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of analysis results in which, like FIG. 8, a load shedding occurs 21 seconds after the start of analysis in a primary excitation adjustable speed pumped-storage power generation plant in the same power plant as in the analysis example shown in FIG. 7, but with the maximum guide vane opening increased by approximately 7%. The maximum rate of change PR of the generator-motor output command is 1.0 pu. / 60 seconds, and the power generation output is suddenly increased from 0.8 pu. to 1.0 pu. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0038] Hereinafter, an embodiment of a power generating device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. As an example, a primary-fed variable-speed pumped-storage power generating device will be described, but the embodiment can also be applied to a primary-fed variable-speed power generating device. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment. EXAMPLES

[0039] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a primary excitation variable speed pumped storage power generation apparatus according to an embodiment. This primary excitation variable speed pumped storage power generation apparatus is the power generation apparatus according to the present invention. In Fig. 1, the same reference numerals as those in Fig. 4 used to explain the conventional example indicate the same or corresponding parts. Explanation of the parts with the same reference numerals as those in Fig. 4 will be omitted. However, parts that are deemed necessary for the explanation of the functions are described again.

[0040] 1 inputs the AC power output of the primary winding 1a of the generator motor 1 to a frequency converter 8, converts it to match the frequency of the AC system 4 of the commercial power system, and outputs it. In addition, a power control device 13 receives the output of the active power detector 9 and a corrected generator motor output command, which is the output from a multiplier 91, outputs a DC excitation command based on these, and inputs it to a DC exciter 17 to supply rotor DC excitation power to the secondary winding 1b of the generator motor 1.

[0041] In the primary excitation variable speed pumped storage power generation plant 101, the actual rotation speed N detected by the rotation speed detector 6 is input to a differential function 80, which outputs a rotation speed change coefficient as a result of differentiation and inputs it to an ON-OFF signal generator 81. The ON-OFF signal generator 81 outputs 1.0 when the rotation speed change coefficient is -0.1 or less, and outputs 0.0 when the rotation speed change coefficient is -0.1 or more. In addition, the guide vane opening Y which is the output of the guide vane driving device 10 is input to an ON-OFF signal generator 82, which outputs 0.0 when the guide vane opening Y is less than 0.98 pu. and outputs 1.0 when the guide vane opening Y is 0.98 pu. or more.

[0042] The output from the ON-OFF signal generator 81 and the output from the ON-OFF signal generator 82 are input to a multiplier 83. The multiplication result output from the multiplier 83 is input to a maximum value selection function 84 and an output value switching function 94 of the power output command limit function 90 shown in FIG.

[0043] The output value of the multiplier 83 and the output value of a multiplier 87 described below are input to the maximum value selection function 84. The output value from the maximum value selection function 84 is input to the multiplier 87, a timer 85 described below, and a negation function 88 described below. Although details will be described later, the maximum value selection function 84 self-holds the output signal of the multiplier 83 for the set time of the timer 85, but if the output value of the multiplier 83 is still 1.0 even after the set time of the timer 85 has elapsed, the maximum value selection function 84 will again self-hold the output signal of the multiplier 83 for the set time of the timer 85.

[0044] The normal output value of timer 85 is 0.0, and if the output value of the maximum value selection function 84 continues to be 1.0, it outputs 1.0 after a set time. The output value of timer 85 is input to a reset terminal of timer 85 and to a negation function 86, which will be described later.

[0045] The negation function 86 converts the input value from the timer 85 from 1.0 to 0.0, and converts the input value from the timer 85 from 0.0 to 1.0 before outputting it. The output value of the negation function 86 is input to a multiplier 87.

[0046] The output value of the maximum value selection function 84 and the output value of the negation function 86 are input to the multiplier 87, and when the output of the multiplier 83 becomes 1.0, the multiplier 87 self-holds the output of 1.0 for the set time of the timer 85 even if the output of the multiplier 83 becomes 0.0.

[0047] The output value of the maximum value selection function 84 is input to a negation function 88, which converts an input of 1.0 to 0.0 and an input of 0.0 to 1.0 and outputs the converted value, which is input to a multiplier 89 described later. As a result, the output value of the negation function 88 becomes 0.0 during the set time of the timer 85 after the guide vane opening degree Y becomes 0.98 pu. or more and the rotation speed change coefficient becomes -0.1 or less, and becomes 1.0 otherwise.

[0048] A multiplier 89 receives the output value of the negation function 88 and the power output command value increase / decrease change rate which is the output of the multiplier 35, and outputs the result of multiplying the two as the power output command value increase / decrease change rate. The output power output command value increase / decrease change rate is input to the integrator 36. Therefore, the power output command value increase / decrease change rate which is the output of the multiplier 89 becomes 0.0 during the set time of the timer 85 after the guide vane opening Y becomes 0.98 pu. or more and the rotation speed change coefficient becomes -0.1 or less, and becomes 1.0 otherwise.

[0049] The integrator 36 integrates the power output command value increase / decrease change rate output from the multiplier 89 to generate and output the generator motor output command Pg, which is input to a multiplier 91 described below. Therefore, the generator motor output command Pg, which is the output value of the integrator 36, stops increasing or decreasing for the set time of the timer 85 after the guide vane opening Y becomes 0.98 pu or more and the rotation speed change coefficient becomes -0.1 or less, but otherwise increases or decreases when the externally applied power output command Po increases or decreases.

[0050] The multiplier 91 receives the generator motor output command Pg, which is the output value of the integrator 36, and the output value of a power output command limit function 90 shown in Figure 2, which will be described later, and outputs the multiplication result. The multiplication result by the multiplier 91 is input to the power control device 13.

[0051] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the power output command limit function 90 of the primary excitation variable speed pumped storage power generating device 101. As shown in FIG.

[0052] In the power output command limiting function 90 shown in Fig. 2, the rotational speed N detected by the rotational speed detector 6 and the optimal rotational speed command Na output from the turbine characteristic function generator 5 are input to a subtractor 92. The result of subtraction by the subtractor 92 is input to a variable generator 93 which changes from 0.0 to 1.0, representing the deviation of the rotational speed from the optimal rotational speed command. The variable generator 93 outputs 1.0 when the result of subtracting the optimal rotational speed command Na from the rotational speed N is -ΔN1 or more, outputs a value which changes between 1.0 and 0.0 when it is less than -ΔN1 and equal to or greater than -ΔN2, and further outputs a value of 0.0 when it is equal to or less than -ΔN2. The output value of the variable generator 93 is input to an output value switching function 94.

[0053] An output signal of a variable generator 93, which varies from 1.0 to 0.0 depending on the deviation between the output signal of the multiplier 83 and the optimal rotational speed command of the rotational speed, and a constant of 1.0 are input to an output value switching function 94 of the power output command limiting function 90. The output signal of the output value switching function 94 of the power output command limiting function 90 is switched depending on the value of the output signal of the multiplier 83, and when the value of the output signal of the multiplier 83 is 1.0, the output signal of the variable generator 93 is output, and when the value of the output signal of the multiplier 83 is 0.0, the constant 1.0 is output. Therefore, when the guide vane opening degree Y is 0.98 pu or more and the rotational speed change coefficient is -0.1 or less, a value varying from 1.0 to 0.0 depending on the deviation between the rotational speed N and the optimal rotational speed command Na is output, and otherwise the constant 1.0 is output. In other words, in a deviation amount region from the optimal rotational speed command Na of the rotational speed N where recovery from a drop in the rotational speed is difficult even by increasing / decreasing and stopping the generator-motor output command Pg by the output of the multiplier 89, the power output command limit function 90 multiplies the generator-motor output command Pg by a value that varies from 1.0 to 0.0 representing the deviation amount from the optimal rotational speed command Na of the rotational speed N of the power output command limit function 90, thereby reducing the generator output and recovering from the drop in the rotational speed.

[0054] Fig. 3 shows an example of analysis results in which a primary excitation variable speed pumped storage power generation system is applied to the same power plant as the analysis example shown in Fig. 7, the power output is suddenly increased from 0.8 pu to 1.0 pu at a maximum rate of change PR of 1.0 pu / 60 seconds as the power output command of the generator motor, the increase of the power output command Pg of the generator motor is stopped for 15 seconds, which is the set time of the timer 85, when the guide vane opening is 0.98 pu or more and the rotation speed is decelerating, and the stop of the increase of the power output command of the generator motor is released after the rotation speed is increased until the turbine output is equal to or greater than the maximum power output including the electric machine side loss. In Fig. 3, the subtraction result of the optimal rotation speed command Na from the rotation speed N does not become small until the output value of the power output command limit function 90 becomes less than 1.0.

[0055] As described above, the primary excitation adjustable speed pumped-storage power generation plant 101 according to this embodiment is characterized in that, when the output of the pump turbine or water turbine becomes insufficient for the maximum power output when the guide vane opening is near full open due to an increase in the reduction rate of the rotational speed relative to the rotational speed command value for maximum output when the load suddenly increases from partial load to maximum output, the increase in the increase in the generator-motor output command is stopped for a certain period of time, and the output of the pump turbine or water turbine is increased until it becomes equal to or exceeds the maximum power output including electric machine losses, and then the stop on the increase in the generator-motor output command is released. Furthermore, the primary excitation variable speed pumped-storage power generation device 101 according to this embodiment is provided with a power output command limiting function 90, which generates a coefficient that changes from 1.0 to 0.0 when the amount of decrease in the rotational speed relative to the rotational speed command value exceeds a certain value, even if the increase in the generator-motor output command is stopped, so that when the amount of decrease in the rotational speed relative to the rotational speed command value exceeds a certain value, this coefficient is multiplied by the generator-motor output command to the power control device and input when the rotational speed is decreasing with the guide vane opening close to full open, thereby reducing the power output and reducing the amount of decrease in the rotational speed of the pump turbine or water turbine. Furthermore, by applying the symbols 80 to 91 shown in FIG. 1 to the input side of the secondary excitation control device 3 shown in FIG. 4 and adjusting the power output limit based on the amount of reduction in the rotational speed of the power output command limit function 90 relative to the rotational speed command value to match the variable speed range of a doubly excited variable speed pumped storage power generation plant or a doubly excited variable speed power generation plant, it can be applied as a substitute control for synchronous operation transition, which is a control to prevent deviation from the variable speed range when the rotational speed of a doubly excited variable speed pumped storage power generation plant or a doubly excited variable speed power generation plant temporarily exceeds the variable speed range limit to an acceptable extent. [Explanation of symbols]

[0056] 1. Generator motor 1a Primary winding of generator motor 1b Secondary winding of generator motor 2. Pump Turbine 3 Secondary excitation control device 4 AC system 5. Water Turbine Characteristic Function Generator 6 Rotational speed detector 7 Slip Phase Detector 8 Frequency converter 9. Active Power Detector 10 Guide vane drive device 11 Guide vane 12 Receiving transformer 13 Power control device 14 Primary Frequency Control Device 16 Rotational speed control device 17 DC exciter 21,47 Adder 30 Converter 31 Power output command value change rate limiter 32,35,41,42,46,62,72,83,87,89,91 Multiplier 33,40,48,50,92 subtractor 34 Positive / negative sign determiner 36 Integrator 43 Integral Control Elements 44 Differential Control Elements 45 Incomplete Differential Functions 49 Integral Control Functions 51 Minimum Selection Functions 52,84 Maximum Selection Function 60,61 Upper limit function 70,71 Lower limit function 80 Differential Functions 81,82 ON-OFF signal generator 85 Timer 86,88 Negation function 90 Power output command limit function 93 Variable Generator 94 Output value switching function 100 Doubly-fed variable-speed pumped-storage power generation device 101 Primary excitation variable speed pumped storage power generation equipment

Claims

1. A power generating device comprising: a variable speed generator-motor; and a pump-turbine directly connected to a rotor of the variable speed generator-motor for driving the variable speed generator-motor in a power generating operation and for being driven by the variable speed generator-motor in a pumping operation, wherein in the power generating operation, a speed control command calculated by a rotational speed control device having a proportional control element, an integral control element, and a differential control element based on a deviation between the rotational speed of the rotor and a rotational speed command is given to the pump-turbine as a prime mover to perform speed control, and a power output command is given to the variable speed generator-motor to perform power control, a power generating system characterized in that, when the variable speed generator-motor is operated at variable speed and the load at a power plant suddenly increases from a partial load at full head towards maximum output, the output of the pump-turbine becomes insufficient to be equivalent to the power output when the guide vane opening is controlled to be near full open due to an increase in a rate of decrease in the rotational speed with respect to a rotational speed command value for maximum output, the system stops increasing the increase in the generator-motor output command for a certain period of time, thereby increasing the rotational speed of the pump-turbine until the turbine output becomes equal to or greater than the maximum power output including losses in electrical equipment, and then releases the stop on the increase in the generator-motor output command.

2. 2. The power generating device according to claim 1, wherein when an amount of reduction in the rotational speed with respect to a rotational speed command value exceeds a certain value, the reduction in the rotational speed continues even if the increase in the generator-motor output command is stopped. Therefore, when an amount of reduction in the rotational speed with respect to the rotational speed command value exceeds a certain value, a coefficient which changes from 1.0 to 0.0 depending on the amount of reduction is generated, and when the amount of reduction in the rotational speed with respect to the rotational speed command value exceeds a certain value, the coefficient is multiplied by the generator-motor output command to a power control device and inputted, thereby reducing the power output and reducing the amount of reduction in the rotational speed of the pump-turbine.

3. A power generating device comprising a variable speed generator and a water turbine directly connected to the rotor of the variable speed generator to drive the variable speed generator, the power generating device controlling speed by providing a speed control command to the water turbine, which is a prime mover, based on the deviation between the rotational speed of the rotor and a rotational speed command, using a rotational speed control device having a proportional control element, an integral control element and a differential control element, and controlling power by providing a power output command to the variable speed generator, When the variable speed generator is operated at variable speed and the load suddenly increases from partial load to maximum output at the full head of the power plant, the output of the water turbine becomes insufficient to the power output equivalent to when the guide vane opening is controlled to be near full open due to an increase in the rate of decrease in the rotational speed with respect to the rotational speed command value for maximum output, and the rotational speed decreases. In this case, the increase in the generator output command is stopped for a certain period of time, thereby increasing the rotational speed of the water turbine until the water turbine output becomes equal to or greater than the maximum power output including losses in the electrical equipment, and then the stop on the increase in the generator output command is released.

4. A power generating device as described in Claim 3, characterized in that when the amount of decrease in the rotational speed relative to the rotational speed command value exceeds a certain value, the decrease in the rotational speed continues even if the increase in the generator output command is stopped, and therefore a coefficient which changes from 1.0 to 0.0 depending on the amount of decrease is generated when the amount of decrease in the rotational speed relative to the rotational speed command value exceeds a certain value, and the coefficient is multiplied by the generator output command to the power control device and input when the rotational speed is decreasing with the guide vane opening near full open, thereby reducing the power output and reducing the amount of decrease in the rotational speed of the water turbine.

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