Apparatus and method for positioning modules of a modular bed for a machine tool - Patents.com

Abstract

An apparatus for positioning modules of a modular bed (4) for a machine tool relative to a reference module (41) includes a liquid-based leveling device (2) that enables alignment of the modules (41, 42) according to three degrees of freedom (Z, a, b), and a base support (3) that enables spatial movement of the module (42) to be installed according to at least three degrees of freedom (Z, a, b).

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for positioning modules of a modular bed for a machine tool, and further to an associated bed. [Background technology]

[0002] As is known, machine tools (such as milling machines and lathes) are usually constituted by a bed, which in turn rests on the floor or on a foundation. In some cases, the bed is integrated with the machine itself and there is only one for the entire machine. In this case, the installation of the machine at the site does not necessarily entail any particular difficulties, since it is sufficient to position the bed exactly according to the machine tool manufacturer's specifications.

[0003] However, in other cases, the machine bed is made up of multiple parts or modules, which are interconnected to form the actual bed.

[0004] In these cases, in addition to the spatial orientation (e.g. horizontality, etc.) that the bed itself must comply with, the individual modules that make up the bed must be spatially accurately positioned (or oriented) relative to one another to enable a geometrically accurate connection, and at the same time, the floor or base on which the modules are to be positioned is often uneven, the bed of the machine tool and the individual bed modules are particularly heavy and, moreover, to ensure the required geometric tolerances, the assembly must be given maximum stability and rigidity, which must avoid delicate and complex adjustment operations, taking into account the fact that these are the basis for the functionality and working accuracy of the machine tool.

[0005] An even more complicated case (from the point of view in which the problem is even more strongly felt) is that of a bed provided as described in the patent application WO 2005 / 023363. In this case, the correct orientation of the modules constituting the bed becomes even more difficult due to the fact that the individual modules not only have connections to the working fluids of the machine (e.g. cooling fluids, lubricants, etc.), but also need to be coupled to linear guides that allow a linear movement of the carriage, worktable and / or machining table of the machine along the direction of the guides through the completed bed.

[0006] In this case, an incorrect positioning of the modules can completely prevent the fluid coupling or the connection of the linear guides, ultimately making the machine impossible to use.

[0007] Consider for example the case where a module needs to be added to an already positioned bed: When the new module is to be placed, it must be spatially positioned according to six degrees of freedom (three perpendicular axes and three angular rotations around said axes). The task is therefore particularly complex and delicate, as a result of which multiple positioning corrections are often necessary to obtain a precise positioning (ensuring functional operation of the machine), which entails long assembly times. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2019106104 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] The goal of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for positioning modules of a modular bed for a machine tool and an associated positioning method, as well as a modular bed, which can improve upon the background art in one or more of the above-mentioned aspects.

[0010] Within this goal, it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for positioning modules of a modular bed for a machine tool and an associated positioning method, useful for enabling the orientation of the modules constituting the bed in a relatively rapid manner, as well as a modular bed for positioning and connection.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for positioning modules of a modular bed for a machine tool and an associated positioning method, useful for enabling orientation of the modules constituting the bed in a relatively accurate manner, and a modular bed for positioning and interlocking.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the background art in an alternative manner to any existing solutions.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for positioning modules of a modular bed for a machine tool and an associated positioning method, as well as a modular bed for positioning and connection, which is reliable, relatively easy to provide and low cost. [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] This aim as well as these and other objects which will become more apparent hereinafter are achieved by an apparatus for positioning modules of a modular bed for a machine tool and an associated positioning method, as well as a modular bed for positioning and connection, according to the respective independent claims and optionally provided with one or more of the features of the dependent claims.

[0015] Further features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description of preferred, but not exclusive, embodiments of the device for positioning modules of a modular bed for a machine tool according to the present invention and the associated positioning method, as well as the modular bed for positioning and connection, illustrated as non-limiting examples in the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief description of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a modular bed during assembly, in which a new module is to be assembled to an already installed reference module, using an assembly and orientation device according to the invention in a first embodiment; [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a liquid-based levelling device of an apparatus according to the present invention in a first embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a base support of the device according to the invention in a first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a modular bed during assembly, in which a new module is to be assembled to an already installed reference module, using an assembly and orientation device according to the invention in a second embodiment; [Diagram 5] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a base support of the device in the second embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the base support and bed module of the apparatus shown in FIG. 5. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a detailed perspective view of an end portion of a guide-equipped longitudinal member belonging to two bed modules to be connected according to the invention; [Figure 8] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the present invention having a third embodiment of a liquid-based leveling device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0017] With reference to the figures, in the following there will first be described an apparatus for positioning modules of a modular bed for a machine tool, and then an associated positioning method, both of which are specific to the present invention.

[0018] The device for positioning modules of a modular bed for a machine tool according to the invention, generally indicated by the reference number 1, is substantially in the form of a positioning kit and comprises two assemblies which are physically separate from one another but which functionally cooperate with one another to allow accurate positioning of a module 42 to be installed relative to a reference module 41 (such as, for example, an already installed module). In particular, a bed 4 is provided by connecting the modules 41 and 42, as well as any other further modules which are similar and therefore not described here.

[0019] When assembled, the bed 4 for the machine tool is provided with a longitudinal member 45 with integrated guides having a horizontal spatial orientation.

[0020] The positioning device 1 includes a first position verification assembly which will be described shortly below and which is also shown in FIG. 2 in its basic form.

[0021] For this purpose, the positioning device 1 in fact comprises a liquid-based levelling device 2 .

[0022] The latter then comprises, in the basic form of FIGS. 1 and 2, three positioning valves 21, 22, 23 and a reference valve 24.

[0023] All of the valves 21, 22, 23, 24 are in fluid communication with each other so as to form a system of communicating pipes, and in this manner the level of the free surface of the liquid contained in the liquid-based leveling device 2 is the same for all of the valves 21, 22, 23, 24.

[0024] The positioning valves 21 , 22 , 23 may be coupled to the module 42 to be installed, and the reference valve 24 may be coupled to the reference module 41 .

[0025] For this purpose, the positioning valves 21, 22, 23 can each be independently connected to the module 42 to be installed, and the reference valve 24 can be connected to the reference module 41, by suitable connecting elements (e.g. screws or bolts, etc.) not shown.

[0026] If the modules 41, 42 are provided with a longitudinal member 45 provided with a linear guide or, optionally, with a set of teeth (e.g. helical or ball screw guides or racks, etc.) to enable the movement of a functional element of the machine (e.g. a working head or a worktable moving carriage, etc.), the valve is preferably directly coupled to said guide-equipped longitudinal member 45.

[0027] According to the variant shown in FIG. 8 for a non-limiting solution having four positioning valves for the module 42, the liquid-based leveling device 2 further comprises first and second mobile carriages 27, which can be moved, for example, on guides of a guide-equipped vertical member of the module 42, to which the positioning valves 21, 22, 23, 23' (if the latter is optionally provided) are coupled, and a third carriage (not shown, but similar to the first two) to which the reference valve 24 is coupled, which can be moved on a guide of a vertical member of the reference module 41.

[0028] In this embodiment, the positioning valve and the reference valve are not directly connected to the guide-equipped longitudinal members of the modules, but indirectly connected by the carriage 27 .

[0029] The carriage 27 is operatively connected to the guide of the longitudinal member so as to be able to move along the guide of the longitudinal member. For this purpose, depending on the type of guide 45, the carriage 27 is preferably provided with a coupling element which cooperates with a coupling element of the guide, for example if the guide 45 is of the type having a rack with helical teeth, the carriage 27 is preferably provided with a worm screw which meshes with the rack.

[0030] According to an advanced embodiment of the liquid-based levelling device 2 shown in FIG. 4 (and also in the example of FIG. 8), there are four positioning valves 21, 22, 23 and 23' and / or two reference valves 24 and 24'.

[0031] According to yet another embodiment (not shown), there are five or more positioning valves and three or more reference valves.

[0032] The minimum number of positioning valves in the device according to the invention is three positioning valves, this consideration arising from the fact that in space only one plane passes through three points, therefore, the exact positioning of the plane passing through the free surface of the liquid contained in the valves 21, 22, 23 and the reference valve 24 makes it possible to accurately position, in space and relative to the reference module 41, according to three degrees of freedom, the module 42 to be installed, to which the three positioning valves 21, 22, 23 are connected.

[0033] In particular, denoting the vertical axis of a set of three Cartesian axes X, Y, Z as Z and the rotation angles around each of the Cartesian axes as a, b, c (as shown in Figures 1 and 4), the use of the liquid-based leveling device 2 makes it possible to align the position of module 42 with respect to the position of a reference module 41 already positioned with the guide-equipped vertical member horizontally arranged, by precisely moving and orienting module 42 along the Z axis and according to the rotation angles a and b, thus eliminating three degrees of freedom in the spatial positioning of module 42 with respect to module 41.

[0034] Indeed, by moving module 42 in space relative to module 41 until the level of the free surfaces of the positioning valves 21, 22, 23 and the level of the free surface of the reference valve 24 are the same, the positions of each module 41 and 42 become the same with respect to the angles a and b which define the angular orientation of the plane with the vertical members of module 42 and with respect to the Z axis (height), determining the horizontal state of the plane, which is therefore perpendicular to the Z axis and therefore coplanar with the plane with the guide-equipped vertical members of the reference module 41.

[0035] Of course, theoretically a more accurate measurement can be obtained by increasing the number of positioning or reference valves, but essentially the degrees of freedom that can be eliminated in the above manner are Z, a, and b.

[0036] Preferably the valves (both the positioning valve and the reference valve) are calibrated to allow a visual reading of the level of the free surface of the fluid and to allow comparison.

[0037] In combination or as an alternative, the device 1 comprises a system for measuring the level of the liquid inside the valves, which may be of the electric / electronic type with an optical sensor for measuring the level of the free surface, or the measuring system may be of the type adapted to verify the amount of liquid contained in each valve, for example by measuring an electrical parameter (such as resistance or capacitance) of the liquid contained in each valve. In this last case, it is preferable to have the same volume for all the valves.

[0038] Preferably, the liquid contained in the valve is water, or alternatively, a conductive or dielectric liquid.

[0039] Preferably, the valves are connected by tubing to a common tank 28 to which all the tubing of all the valves open, creating a system of communicating pipes with the common tank.

[0040] Preferably, the common tank 28 is provided with a valve 29 for filling and emptying with the measurement liquid introduced starting from a source of liquid, for example, if the liquid is ordinary water, the source can be an ordinary tap connected to the water mains, which makes it possible to fill and empty in a very practical manner a hydraulic circuit having communicating pipes including valves, tanks and tubes.

[0041] The remaining degrees of freedom X, Y, c can in principle be excluded by alignment with different and per se known devices, such as, for example, aiming or measuring systems (for example laser and infrared).

[0042] However, according to a further embodiment, the remaining degrees of freedom are eliminated by a mechanical key system 8, which will be described below in connection with the description of the modular bed 4 and which will henceforth be understood as part of the positioning device according to the invention.

[0043] Proceeding now to the second assembly of the positioning device 1, which in a basic embodiment is also shown in detail in FIG. 3, is essentially a translation assembly.

[0044] For this purpose, the positioning device 1 comprises a base support 3 , which comprises a first plate 31 and a support leg 32 connected to the first plate 31 .

[0045] The legs 32 are adjustable in extension relative to the plate 31 so that, when they are resting on the floor, they support the plate 31 at an adjustable height Z above the floor.

[0046] For this purpose, the legs 32 can be individually extended in length, for example by means of screws or hydraulic or pneumatic means, legs of this kind being known per se and these details will not be considered further.

[0047] Preferably, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, there are four legs 32 which are independently adjustable in extension by varying the adjustment of the individual legs, and the plate not only moves along the Z axis but also rotates about angles a and b.

[0048] The base support 3 is configured to support from below the modules 42 of the bed 4 while elevated from the floor. In a basic embodiment, the oriented modules 42 rest directly on the plate 31 of the base support 3 and are oriented according to three degrees of freedom Z, a, b by individual adjustments in the extension of the legs 32.

[0049] In this manner, by using the liquid-based levelling device 2 of the positioning device 1 in combination with the base support 3, it is possible to mount a module 41 in which the reference valve 24 is positioned and a module 42 aligned at Z, a, b.

[0050] According to an optional feature, the base support 3 optionally includes an interface element 33 operatively connected to the first plate 31 and designed to be sandwiched between the first plate 31 and the module 42 to be installed.

[0051] The interface element 33 in its general features includes at least three ball-type transfer units 34 .

[0052] Ball-type transfer units are also known in the art by the term "ball transfer units" and should be understood as being known per se.

[0053] Briefly, each ball-type transfer unit 34 comprises a ball 341 and a ball rolling seat 342, which is then applied to a suitable support.

[0054] In a basic embodiment (not shown), the ball-type transfer unit 34 includes removable mounting elements for coupling to the module of the bed 42 to be installed, and once the module 42 is installed and coupled to an adjacent module 41, the ball-type transfer unit 34 can be removed and reused to install another module.

[0055] Thus, in this embodiment, the rolling seat of the ball is provided on the seat body 342, which is (preferably detachably) coupled to the module 42 to be installed, and during positioning, the ball 341 rests on the first plate 31 and rotates, allowing positioning of the module 42 according to the remaining degrees of freedom not accommodated by the legs 32, namely the X-axis, the Y-axis and the angle c (rotation around Z).

[0056] In this way, what is obtained is that the base support 3 allows a spatial movement of the module 42 to be mounted according to six degrees of freedom.

[0057] Once module 42 has been accurately positioned relative to module 41, adjustable supports 49 on the extension of module 42 itself (e.g., adjustable legs, etc.) are used to position it on the floor or base in the desired spatial position corresponding to the position obtained by use of base support 3.

[0058] The latter can then be removed and used for the spatial positioning of another module.

[0059] In other more advanced embodiments, such as those shown in the accompanying figures, the interface element 33, in addition to the ball-type transfer unit 34, also includes a second plate 35 having flat opposing major surfaces, with the ball-type transfer unit 34 being sandwiched between the first plate 31 and the second plate 35.

[0060] Preferably, the first plate 31 in this case is fixed to a ball-type transfer unit 34 and the module is placed on a second plate 35 on which the ball 341 is placed. The positioning according to the degrees of freedom X, Y, c is substantially similar to that described above.

[0061] The choice of ball type transfer unit 34 instead of simple casters arises from the fact that, as for casters, ball type transfer unit 34 does not have the non-holonomic constraints that would, in the case of casters, impose multiple operations to provide the translation in the XY plane and the rotation c about the Z axis required for accurate and correct positioning. Similarly, the choice of ball type transfer unit 34 instead of simple sliding surfaces arises from the fact that ball type transfer units have less friction and are easier and more accurate positioning.

[0062] The method according to the invention comprises the following steps: a- providing a liquid-based levelling device 2 comprising three positioning valves 21, 22, 23 and a reference valve 24, the valves being in fluid communication with each other to form a system of communicating pipes; b- coupling the positioning valves 21, 22, 23 to the module 42 to be installed and the reference valve 24 to the reference module 41; c- providing a base support 3 comprising a first plate 31 and support legs 32 connected to the first plate 31 and each independently adjustable in extension relative to the first plate; d- retaining the module 42 to be installed on the base support 3; e- adjusting the support leg 32 until the level of the free fluid surfaces of the positioning valves 21, 22, 23 and the level of the free fluid surface of the reference valve 24 are mutually aligned; f - locking in place the module 42 to be installed; Includes.

[0063] In this manner, alignment in spatial position of the module 42 to be installed relative to the reference module 41 according to at least three degrees of freedom (Z, a, b) is obtained.

[0064] According to an advanced variant of the method, the method comprises the following steps: g- providing an interface element 33 operatively connected to the first plate 31 and including at least three ball-type transfer units 34; h - sandwiching an interface element between the first plate 31 and the module 42 to be installed so as to allow alignment of the modules 41, 42 according to three further degrees of freedom (X, Y, c); Further provide.

[0065] A further object of the present invention is a modular bed 4 for a machine tool, comprising a first module 41 and a second bed module 42, which can be interconnected to provide the bed 4, each module 41, 42 comprising a foot that rests on the ground and two parallel guided longitudinal members 45, preferably comprising linear guides (preferably ball screws or racks, etc.), which allow linear movement along the guide axis for advancing a carriage with the machine's working head (preferably comprising a spindle with a tool holder) and / or the worktable, and in the assembled state of the bed, each guided longitudinal member 45 of one module 41 is aligned and coaxial with a respective guided longitudinal member 45 of the adjacent module 42, so as to be extended along the longitudinal extension of the modular bed.

[0066] In the assembled condition described herein, the installed modules 41 are assumed to have parallel guide-equipped longitudinal members 45 that extend horizontally (or substantially horizontally), i.e., that lie in the same horizontal plane.

[0067] Referring also to FIG. 7, the bed according to the invention includes a key system 8 for coupling that can ensure connection and maintenance of precise coaxial alignment of the guide-equipped longitudinal members of two adjacent modules with respect to each end portion of the guide-equipped longitudinal members 45 of the adjacent modules.

[0068] The key system 8 according to the present invention includes, for each pair of guide-equipped longitudinal members 45 to be joined (one of the first module 41 and one of the second module 42), a key 81, a seat 82 provided on each guide-equipped longitudinal member, and a centering pin 83.

[0069] The key 81 is prismatic and is preferably provided as a parallelepiped with parallel faces.

[0070] Each seat 82 has a shape complementary to the shape of the key 81 and an extension equal to approximately half of it, so that when a key is accommodated in the seats 82 of two adjacent guide-equipped longitudinal members, it is accommodated substantially half in the seat 82 of one guide-equipped longitudinal member 45 and half in the seat 82 of the other guide-equipped longitudinal member 45.

[0071] The fixing in position of the key 81 occurs by means of a pin 83 received in a first hole provided on the guide-equipped longitudinal member, which runs essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the guide-equipped longitudinal member. In the preferred case where the guide-equipped longitudinal member has a horizontal longitudinal extension, the hole for the pin 83 is arranged vertically.

[0072] The same occurs with the key 81 which is provided with a second hole which aligns with the first hole on the guide-equipped longitudinal member when the coaxial alignment of the guide-equipped longitudinal member is achieved with the key housed in the seat 82.

[0073] The pins 83 are preferably conical and for each seat 82 there are at least two pins 83 with a corresponding number of first and second holes provided on the guide-equipped longitudinal members and the keys 81. Once the guide-equipped longitudinal members have been aligned, for example by a positioning device or method according to the invention, the conical pins 83 are inserted and forced into position.

[0074] In this manner, the alignment over time of the guided longitudinal members, the coaxiality of the corresponding linear guides and the correct operation of the machine tools mounted on the modular bed thus provided are ensured.

[0075] Advantageously, the above-mentioned key system 8 makes it possible to simultaneously verify the correct alignment of the two modules 41, 42 according to the degrees of freedom X, Y, c; in this manner, by using the above-mentioned device 1 in a version having a first plate 31 and a base support 3 provided with a ball-type transfer unit 34, what is obtained is not only the verification of the alignment of the modules 41, 42 by the liquid-based leveling device 2 (for degrees of freedom Z, a, b) and the key system (for degrees of freedom X, Y, c), but also the possibility of adjusting the position (in six degrees of freedom X, Y, Z, a, b, c) by the base support via the movements that can be obtained by means of the adjustment of the feet 32 ​​(for their position in Z, a, b) and the ball-type transfer unit 34 (for their position in X, Y, c).

[0076] As is evident from what has been said above, the solution outlined makes it possible to align precisely and in space (according to six degrees of freedom X, Y, Z, a, b, c) the modules of a modular bed for a machine tool without the need to use much more expensive and delicate systems, such as laser guided systems.

[0077] In one embodiment, the modular bed according to the invention is provided with a positioning device as described above, at least during the assembly step of said modular bed.

[0078] Thus, in this embodiment, the modular bed includes the characteristics described above with respect to the positioning device 1 (including any of the above), which will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0079] Of course, in addition to the module 42, it is also possible to provide further bed modules which are spatially oriented by the above-described device 1 (or related methods).

[0080] In fact, it has been found that the present invention achieves its intended goals and objectives by providing an apparatus and method for positioning a modular bed for a machine tool that allows for rapid and accurate spatial positioning of the modules in one go.

[0081] The invention thus conceived is susceptible to numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the appended claims, and all details may further be substituted with other technically equivalent elements.

[0082] In fact, the materials used (so long as they are compatible with the particular application), as well as the attendant shapes and dimensions, may be any according to requirements and highest standards.

[0083] The disclosures in Italian Patent Application No. 102019000012486, from which this application claims priority, are incorporated herein by reference.

[0084] Where technical features referred to in any claim are followed by reference signs, those reference signs are included solely for the purpose of enhancing the clarity of the claims, and therefore such reference signs do not have any limiting effect on the interpretation of the respective elements identified by such reference signs as examples.

Claims

1. A device for positioning a module of a modular bed for a machine tool, the modular bed including a reference module having two longitudinal members with guides parallel and arranged on a horizontal plane, and a module to be installed, spatially aligned with the reference module, the device for positioning comprising: - a liquid-based levelling device, At least three positioning valves; At least one reference valve; Including, the three positioning valves and the reference valve are in fluid communication with each other to form a system of communicating pipes; the three positioning valves are associated with the module to be installed and the reference valve is associated with the reference module so as to allow alignment of the module according to three degrees of freedom; A liquid-based leveling device; a base support, A first plate, and support legs connected to the first plate, each of the support legs being independently adjustable in extension relative to the first plate such that the base support allows spatial movement of the to-be-installed module along at least the three degrees of freedom; A base support comprising: A device for positioning comprising:

2. 2. The positioning device of claim 1, wherein the base support further comprises an interface element operatively coupled to the first plate and including at least three ball-type transfer units, the interface element being configured to be sandwiched between the first plate and the module to be installed so as to enable alignment of the module according to an additional three degrees of freedom.

3. The positioning apparatus of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the liquid-based leveling apparatus further includes at least two carriages to which the positioning valves are coupled on the module to be installed, and one carriage having at least one reference valve on the reference module.

4. 4. A device for positioning according to claim 1, wherein the positioning valve and the reference valve are calibrated.

5. 5. A positioning device according to claim 1, further comprising a system for measuring the level of liquid inside the positioning valve and the reference valve.

6. 6. An apparatus for positioning according to claim 1 , further comprising a tank in liquid communication with said positioning valve and said reference valve, said tank being preferably provided with a valve for filling and emptying with measuring liquid.

7. 3. The positioning device of claim 2, wherein the interface element includes, in addition to the ball-type transfer unit, a second plate that can slide over the ball-type transfer unit with the ball-type transfer unit sandwiched between the first plate and the second plate.

8. A method for positioning a module of a modular bed for a machine tool, the modular bed including a reference module having at least two guided longitudinal members parallel and arranged on a horizontal plane, and a module to be installed, spatially aligned with the reference module, the method for positioning comprising: (a) providing a liquid-based leveling device including three positioning valves and a reference valve in fluid communication with each other to form a system of communicating pipes; (b) coupling the positioning valve to a module to be installed and coupling the reference valve to a reference module; (c) providing a base support including a first plate and support legs connected to the first plate, each support leg being independently adjustable in extension relative to the first plate; (d) suspending the to-be-installed module on the base support; (e) adjusting the support legs until the levels of the free surfaces of the fluids of the positioning valve and the reference valve are aligned with each other; (f) locking the to-be-installed module in place; The method includes:

9. (g) providing an interface element operatively coupled to the first plate and including at least three ball-type transfer units; (h) sandwiching the interface element between the first plate and the module to be installed so as to enable alignment of the module to be installed with the reference module according to three further degrees of freedom; The method of claim 8 further comprising:

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