Methods for depositing nucleic acid molecules on a solid support

Abstract

Methods for depositing nucleic acid molecules, such as nucleic acid nanoballs (eg, DNA nanoballs (DNBs)), on a solid support, and kits for said methods, are provided.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present application relates to the field of nucleic acid detection. In particular, the present application relates to a method for placing nucleic acid molecules, such as nucleic acid nanoballs (e.g., DNA nanoballs (DNBs)), on a solid support, and a kit used for said method. [Background technology]

[0002] At present, gene chip or DNA microarray is widely used in high-throughput sequencing.The gene chip or DNA microarray is composed of regular array slide or simple special glass slide coated with DNA microarray, thousands or tens of thousands of nucleic acid probes are placed in an area of ​​several square centimeters, and a large amount of gene sequence related information can be provided in one test, therefore the gene chip or DNA microarray is an important tool in genomics and genetics research.

[0003] High-throughput sequencing techniques include DNA sequencing and RNA sequencing. Generally, the DNA or RNA sample to be tested needs to be constructed into a library, such as a single-stranded circular library or a linear library, and then the library is loaded directly or in a certain way (e.g., prepared into DNB) onto a gene chip for sequencing, so that hundreds of thousands to millions of DNA molecules can be sequenced in parallel at one time. Among them, the loading technique is very important for the throughput and quality of sequencing. An efficient and stable loading technique can greatly improve the throughput and quality of sequencing. In addition, it is also important whether the signal generated by the loaded DNB or DNA is sufficient. A sufficiently large signal-to-noise ratio can lead to a higher discrimination rate, which makes signal extraction easier and improves the quality of sequencing.

[0004] When using DNB as a template for sequencing or research, it is necessary to place the DNB in ​​a corresponding vector. For example, DNB sequencing generally requires placing the DNB on a sequencing slide, and then performing on-board detection on the sequencing slide. Currently, the general process includes preparing a single-stranded circular library, performing rolling circle amplification to form DNBs containing a certain copy of a nucleic acid molecule, then directly placing the DNB on a sequencing slide, and finally performing sequencing and data collection and analysis. However, each DNB contains a variable number of copies, some of which may have low copy numbers and some of which may have high copy numbers, resulting in many DNBs of different sizes. These DNBs of different sizes will be limited by the effects of Brownian / thermal motion and shear during the placing process, and as a result, a large DNB may be placed at two adjacent sites on the slide (i.e., occupy two sites), several small DNBs may be placed at the same site on the slide at the same time, and individual DNBs may also be lost in solution, which will result in no placement. Especially in ultra-high density slides, the above-mentioned phenomena are more obvious, and these phenomena reduce the utilization rate of the slides to a certain extent, resulting in data waste.

[0005] In the process of high-throughput sequencing or detection, for some precious samples or libraries with limited amount (e.g., non-PCR library, stLFR library, library with large insert, tumor, plasma, etc.), the need for precise mounting is higher, and it is necessary to consider not only the utilization rate of slide, but also whether the signal generated by each DNB is uniform and whether the signal is strong enough, and it is necessary that the signal is easily detected, especially when the laser power is very low. Therefore, there is a need to develop a method that can efficiently and stably mount DNB on slide or other support device, and the mounted DNB can generate a uniform and strong enough signal for detection. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, scientific and technical terms used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the laboratory work steps used herein are all routine steps widely used in the corresponding fields. Meanwhile, for a better understanding of the present invention, the definitions and explanations of related terms are provided below.

[0007] Definition of Terms The term "nucleic acid" as used herein can be any type of nucleic acid. For example, a nucleic acid can be deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), or an analog of DNA or RNA made, for example, from nucleotide analogs. A nucleic acid can be single-stranded, double-stranded, or can include both single-stranded and double-stranded sequences. A nucleic acid molecule can be derived from a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) form (e.g., genomic DNA, PCR and amplification products, etc.) or from a single-stranded form such as DNA (ssDNA) or RNA. Furthermore, a nucleic acid molecule can be linear or circular. In certain embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule can be a single-stranded circularized nucleic acid molecule (e.g., single-stranded circularized DNA).

[0008] The term "nanoball" as used herein generally refers to a polymer or composite having a compact (almost) spherical shape. The inner diameter of the nanoball is usually in the range of about 1 nm to about 1000 nm, such as 1-10 nm, 10-20 nm, 20-50 nm, 50-100 nm, 100-200 nm, 200-500 nm, 500-1000 nm, etc., and preferably in the range of about 50 nm to about 500 nm.

[0009] The term "nucleic acid nanoball", as used herein, generally refers to a complex or concatemer that contains multiple copies of a nucleic acid molecule. In certain exemplary embodiments, these nucleic acid copies may be arranged one after the other in a continuous linear chain of nucleotides. This tandem repeat structure, together with the single-stranded nature of nucleic acids (e.g., DNA), may cause the nanoball to fold. It is readily understood that each of the multiple copies of a nucleic acid molecule in a nucleic acid nanoball may contain an adapter sequence with a known sequence, facilitating amplification or sequencing of the nucleic acid molecule. The adapter sequence for each nucleic acid molecule is usually the same, but may be different. Nucleic acid nanoballs include, but are not limited to, DNA nanoballs, also referred to herein as DNBs.

[0010] The term "solid support" as used herein means any insoluble substrate or matrix to which nucleic acids can be attached, such as latex beads, dextran beads, polystyrene surfaces, polypropylene surfaces, polyacrylamide gels, gold surfaces, glass surfaces, chips and silicon wafers. The surface of the solid support can be of any desired shape, such as planar, spherical or porous, as appropriate for a particular application. For example, the solid support can be a flat glass surface. The solid support is immobilized and attached, for example, to the inside of a flow cell to allow interaction with a reagent-containing solution. In other cases, the solid support may be removable to facilitate contact with solutions in different reaction vessels.

[0011] Typically, a solid support can include an array of sites arranged in a predetermined pattern, where each site can individually attach or accommodate a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a nucleic acid nanoball). If the size of the attached nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a nucleic acid nanoball) exceeds the maximum size that can be accommodated by a single site or exceeds the distance between adjacent sites in the array, the nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a nucleic acid nanoball) may occupy more than one site, which may reduce the utilization of the array sites and affect the efficiency and quality of sequencing.

[0012] The term "nucleic acid polymerase" as used herein has the meaning commonly understood by those of skill in the art and includes DNA polymerases and RNA polymerases. In certain preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid polymerase is a DNA polymerase.

[0013] The term "DNA polymerase with strand displacement activity" as used herein refers to a DNA polymerase that, in the process of extending / synthesizing a nucleic acid strand downstream, if a nucleic acid double strand exists downstream, uses a newly synthesized single strand of nucleic acid to displace the existing single strand of downstream nucleic acid, thereby removing the downstream single strand of nucleic acid and generating a free single strand. DNA polymerases with strand displacement activity have been used in various amplification techniques, such as strand displacement amplification, rolling circle amplification (RCA), multiple displacement amplification, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification. DNA polymerases with strand displacement activity include, but are not limited to, Bst DNA polymerase, phi29 DNA polymerase, and exo-Klenow.

[0014] The term "phi29 DNA polymerase" as used herein refers to a DNA polymerase with strand displacement activity obtained by cloning in the phage phi29 of Bacillus subtilis. When phi29 DNA polymerase is used for rolling circle amplification, the C-terminal domain of phi29 DNA polymerase performs the polymerization function, and the N-terminal domain of phi29 DNA polymerase performs the 3' to 5' exonuclease proofreading and strand displacement functions. Specific applications of phi29 DNA polymerase can be found in Lieberman, KR, GM Cherf. Processive replication of single DNA molecules in a nanopore catalyzed by phi29 DNA polymerase. J Am Chem Soc. 2010. 132(50):17961-72. Phi29 DNA polymerase is commercially available, see for example New England Biolabs, catalog number M0269L.

[0015] The term "Bst DNA polymerase" as used herein refers to a DNA polymerase with strand displacement activity obtained by cloning Bacillus stearothermophilus, which has 5'-3' DNA polymerase activity but no 5'-3' exonuclease activity and therefore no error correction function. Bst DNA polymerase is commercially available, see, for example, the Bst DNA polymerase series of New England Biolabs, for example, Bst1.0, Bst2.0, Bst3.0.

[0016] The terms "mounting", "immobilization" and "attachment" when used in reference to nucleic acids as used herein refer to directly or indirectly attaching to a solid support via covalent or non-covalent bonds. In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the methods of the present invention include immobilizing nucleic acids to a solid support via covalent attachment. Typically, however, it is only necessary that the nucleic acid remains immobilized or attached to the solid support under conditions in which the use of the solid support is desired (e.g., in applications requiring amplification and / or sequencing of nucleic acids). In other cases, mounting may occur by base pair hybridization or other means, such as covalent attachment as described above. Non-limiting examples of means of attachment of nucleic acids to a solid support include nucleic acid hybridization, biotin-streptavidin binding, thiol binding, photoactivated binding, covalent binding, antibody-antigen, physical confinement by hydrogels or other porous polymers, and the like. Various exemplary methods for immobilizing nucleic acids on solid supports can be found, for example, in G. Steinberg-Tatman et al., Bioconjugate Chemistry 2006, 17, 841-848; Xu X. et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society 128 (2006) 9286-9287; U.S. patents or U.S. patent applications U.S. Pat. No. 5,639,603, U.S. Pat. No. 5,641,658, U.S. Pat. No. 2010248991; international patent applications WO 2001062982, WO 2001012862, WO 2007111937, WO 0006770, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes, particularly for the preparation of solid supports to which nucleic acids are immobilized.

[0017] The terms "chip" and "slide" as used herein have the same meaning and are used interchangeably.

[0018] The term "primer" as used herein refers to a polynucleotide that can serve as a starting point for nucleic acid synthesis in a suitable buffer, under suitable conditions and at a suitable temperature (i.e., in the presence of four different nucleoside triphosphates and a reagent for polymerization, such as DNA or RNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase). Thus, a primer comprises a target binding region that hybridizes to a target nucleic acid (template). A primer is generally an oligonucleotide and is single-stranded. However, a primer may also refer to a polynucleotide having a double-stranded segment (e.g., a partially double-stranded oligonucleotide). The appropriate length of the target binding region of a primer depends on the application of the primer. Short primer molecules generally require lower temperatures to form a sufficiently stable hybrid complex with the template. A primer does not need to reflect the exact sequence of the nucleic acid template, but must be sufficiently complementary to hybridize to the nucleic acid template.

[0019] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for depositing nucleic acid molecules on a solid support or for constructing a library of nucleic acids immobilized on a solid support, comprising the steps of: (1) providing a composition comprising a nucleic acid molecule and said solid support; (2) performing a first amplification of the nucleic acid molecule in the composition to obtain an amplification product comprising the nucleic acid molecule; (3) interrupting or slowing the first amplification; (4) depositing the amplification products comprising the nucleic acid molecules onto the solid support; and (5) performing a second amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the amplification products deposited on the solid support. The present invention provides a method comprising:

[0020] In certain embodiments, the amplification products comprising the nucleic acid molecules are nucleic acid nanoballs.

[0021] In certain embodiments, the solid support has an array of sites for depositing the amplification products (e.g., nucleic acid nanoballs). In certain embodiments, the sites are arranged on the solid support in a predetermined pattern.

[0022] In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule can be any type of nucleic acid. For example, the nucleic acid molecule can be deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), or an analog of DNA or RNA made from nucleotide analogs. The nucleic acid molecule can be single-stranded, double-stranded, or can include both single-stranded and double-stranded sequences. The nucleic acid molecule can be derived from double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) forms (e.g., genomic DNA, PCR and amplification products, etc.), or can be derived from single-stranded forms such as DNA (ssDNA) or RNA. Furthermore, the nucleic acid molecule can be linear or circular. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule can be a single-stranded circularized nucleic acid molecule (e.g., single-stranded circularized DNA). In certain embodiments, the composition comprises a single-stranded circular nucleic acid molecule. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises a single-stranded circular DNA molecule.

[0023] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises one or more nucleic acid molecules, e.g., at least 10, at least 20, at least 50, at least 100, at least 1000, at least 10 4 Pieces, at least 10 5 Pieces, at least 10 6 Pieces, at least 10 7 In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleic acid fragment of interest having a length of at least 100 bp, at least 200 bp, at least 500 bp, at least 800 bp, at least 1000 bp, or at least 2000 bp. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a single-stranded circularized DNA. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleic acid fragment of interest having a length of at least 100 bp, at least 200 bp, at least 500 bp, at least 800 bp, at least 1000 bp, or at least 2000 bp.

[0024] In certain embodiments, the size of the amplification product (e.g., nucleic acid nanoball) obtained in step (2) does not exceed a predetermined size. In certain embodiments, the amplification product (e.g., nucleic acid nanoball) obtained in step (2) is a linear nucleic acid molecule such as linear DNA.

[0025] In certain embodiments, the predetermined size is the maximum size of a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a nucleic acid nanoball) that can be accommodated or attached to a single site on the solid support, or the spacing between adjacent sites on the solid support.

[0026] In certain embodiments, the resulting size of the nucleic acid nanoballs does not exceed 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10% of the maximum size or the distance between adjacent sites on the solid support.

[0027] In certain embodiments, in step (2), the first amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the composition is performed by rolling circle amplification. In certain embodiments, the time of amplification (e.g., rolling circle amplification) is controlled so that the size of the amplification product (e.g., nucleic acid nanoball) does not exceed the predetermined size. In certain embodiments, in step (3), the first amplification comprises: (a) controlling or reducing the amount of dNTPs in the reaction mixture for the first amplification, and / or (b) inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase used in the first amplification or inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase used in the first amplification. The process is interrupted or delayed by one or more methods selected from the group consisting of:

[0028] In certain embodiments, the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase used in the first amplification or by inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase used in the first amplification.

[0029] In certain embodiments, the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase used in the first amplification is inhibited such that the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is reduced by at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90% or at least 95%.

[0030] In certain embodiments, (a) adding an activity inhibitor or denaturant of the nucleic acid polymerase; (b) removing a cofactor required for the nucleic acid polymerase to function; (c) adjusting the temperature of the reaction mixture for the first amplification to fall outside (e.g., above or below) the working temperature range of the nucleic acid polymerase; (d) adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture for the first amplification to be outside (e.g., above or below) the working pH range of the nucleic acid polymerase; by one or more methods selected from the group consisting of The activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is inhibited or the nucleic acid polymerase is inactivated.

[0031] In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid polymerase is a DNA polymerase, e.g., a DNA polymerase with strand displacement activity, e.g., Bst DNA polymerase, phi29 DNA polymerase, and Exoklenow.

[0032] It is easy to understand that the biological activity and stability of an enzyme (nucleic acid polymerase) are affected by many factors, such as temperature, pH, protein concentration, salt conditions, solvents, or other factors. Those skilled in the art can affect (e.g., reduce or restore) the activity of an enzyme (nucleic acid polymerase) by changing these factors according to actual needs. Therefore, the method of the present invention can affect (e.g., reduce or restore) the enzyme activity by various suitable means, and is not limited to the above exemplary protocols or means. For example, the activity of a nucleic acid polymerase can be affected (e.g., reduced or restored) by changing the working conditions of the nucleic acid polymerase (e.g., working temperature and working pH). The suitable working conditions for a nucleic acid polymerase can be easily determined by those skilled in the art. For example, suitable operating conditions for phi29 DNA polymerase can be found in Nelson JR phi29 DNA polymerase-based methods for genomics applications [J]. Journal of Clinical Ligand Assay, 2002, 25(3):276-279, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0033] In certain embodiments, the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase can be inhibited or the nucleic acid polymerase can be inactivated by removing a cofactor required for the nucleic acid polymerase to function. In certain embodiments, the cofactor is a cation (e.g., magnesium ion). In certain embodiments, the cofactor is removed by adding a cation chelator (e.g., magnesium ion chelator), thereby inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase or inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase. In certain embodiments, the magnesium ion chelator is selected from the group consisting of NTA, EDTA, HEDP, EDTMPS, DTPMPA, EDDHA, STPP, sodium dextrose, and sodium metasilicate. In certain embodiments, the agent for chelating magnesium ions is EDTA.

[0034] In certain embodiments, the temperature of the reaction mixture for the first amplification is adjusted to deviate from (e.g., above or below) the working temperature range of the nucleic acid polymerase, thereby inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase or inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase. In certain embodiments, the temperature of the reaction mixture is adjusted to be higher than the upper working temperature limit of the nucleic acid polymerase, e.g., at least 5°C, at least 10°C, at least 15°C, or more, or the temperature of the reaction mixture is adjusted to be lower than the lower working temperature limit of the nucleic acid polymerase, e.g., at least 5°C, at least 10°C, at least 15°C, or more. In certain embodiments, the temperature of the reaction mixture is reduced to a temperature of 20°C or less, 10°C or less, or 4°C or less, or the temperature of the reaction mixture is increased to a temperature of 50°C or more, 60°C or more, 70°C or more, or 80°C or more.

[0035] In certain embodiments, the pH of the reaction mixture for the first amplification may be adjusted by adding an acidic or basic buffer to fall outside (e.g., above or below) the working pH range of the nucleic acid polymerase, thereby inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase or inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase. In certain embodiments, the pH of the reaction mixture is adjusted to be higher than the upper working pH limit of the nucleic acid polymerase, e.g., at least 1 pH unit, at least 2 pH units, at least 3 pH units, or more, or the pH of the reaction mixture is adjusted to be lower than the lower working pH limit of the nucleic acid polymerase, e.g., at least 1 pH unit, at least 2 pH units, at least 3 pH units, or more. In certain embodiments, the acidic or basic buffer is selected from the group consisting of citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, carbonate buffer, and Tris-HCl buffer.

[0036] In certain embodiments, the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase may be inhibited or the nucleic acid polymerase may be inactivated by adding an activity inhibitor or denaturant of the nucleic acid polymerase. In certain embodiments, the activity inhibitor or denaturant of the nucleic acid polymerase may be, for example, a surfactant selected from the group consisting of sodium deoxycholate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauryl sulfate, Tween-20, NP-40, and Tritox-100.

[0037] In certain embodiments, the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase may be inhibited or the nucleic acid polymerase may be inactivated by one or more of the above means.

[0038] In certain embodiments, the solid support is selected from the group consisting of latex beads, dextran beads, polystyrene surfaces, polypropylene surfaces, polyacrylamide gels, gold surfaces, glass surfaces, chips, sensors, electrodes, and silicon wafers. In certain embodiments, the solid support is planar, spherical, or porous. In certain embodiments, the maximum size of the nucleic acid molecule (e.g., nucleic acid nanoball) that can be accommodated or attached to a single site on the solid support is 5000 nm or less, 2000 nm or less, 1000 nm or less, 700 nm or less, 500 nm or less, 300 nm or less, or 100 nm or less. In certain embodiments, the spacing between adjacent sites on the solid support is less than 5000 nm, less than 2000 nm, less than 1000 nm, less than 700 nm, less than 500 nm, less than 300 nm, or less than 100 nm.

[0039] In certain embodiments, in step (2), the first amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the composition is performed by rolling circle amplification. In certain embodiments, in step (5), the second amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the amplification product is performed by rolling circle amplification. In certain embodiments, the first amplification and the second amplification use the same or different (preferably the same) nucleic acid polymerase (e.g., DNA polymerase).

[0040] In certain embodiments, the solid support is pre-treated prior to performing step (4), for example, by using a poloxamer, an enzyme (e.g., a DNA polymerase (e.g., phi29 DNA polymerase), T4 ligation enzyme, BSA), or any combination thereof.

[0041] In certain embodiments, in step (5), the amplification products obtained by the second amplification are linear nucleic acid molecules, such as linear DNA. In certain embodiments, the products obtained in step (5) are used as a nucleic acid sequencing library. In certain embodiments, after step (5), the nucleic acid molecules mounted on the solid support are sequenced.

[0042] In certain embodiments, in step (5), the second amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the amplification product deposited on the solid support is performed by adding reagents required for nucleic acid amplification, in certain embodiments, the reagents are selected from a nucleic acid polymerase (e.g., a DNA polymerase), dNTPs, a working buffer for a nucleic acid polymerase, and any combination thereof.

[0043] In certain embodiments, in step (5), the second amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the amplification products deposited on the solid support is performed by eliminating the conditions that disrupt or slow the first amplification in step (3).

[0044] In certain embodiments, in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase used for the first amplification, and in step (5), the second amplification is performed by restoring the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase (e.g., by eliminating conditions that inhibit the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase). In certain embodiments, in step (5), the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is restored to at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95% or more of the normal activity of the nucleic acid polymerase.

[0045] In certain embodiments, in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by adding an activity inhibitor of the nucleic acid polymerase, and in step (5), the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is restored by removing the activity inhibitor, and the second amplification is performed.

[0046] In certain embodiments, in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by removing a cofactor required for the nucleic acid polymerase to function, and in step (5), the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is restored by adding the cofactor and the second amplification is carried out.

[0047] In certain embodiments, in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by adjusting the temperature of the reaction mixture to leave (e.g., above or below) the working temperature range of the nucleic acid polymerase, and in step (5), the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is restored by adjusting the temperature of the reaction mixture to the working temperature range of the nucleic acid polymerase, and the second amplification is carried out.

[0048] In certain embodiments, in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture to fall outside (e.g., above or below) the working pH range of the nucleic acid polymerase, and in step (5), the nucleic acid polymerase activity is restored by adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture to the working pH range of the nucleic acid polymerase, and the second amplification is carried out.

[0049] In certain embodiments, in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by denaturing the nucleic acid polymerase, and in step (5), the second amplification is performed by adding the nucleic acid polymerase.

[0050] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a kit comprising a reagent for amplifying nucleic acid, a reagent for interrupting or inhibiting nucleic acid amplification, and a reagent for placing said nucleic acid molecule on a solid support.It is easily understood that the kit can be used to carry out the method of the present invention described above.For example, the kit can be used to place nucleic acid molecule on a solid support or to construct a nucleic acid library fixed on a solid support.

[0051] In certain embodiments, the reagents for amplifying nucleic acids may include a nucleic acid polymerase, a working buffer for the nucleic acid polymerase (concentrated or non-concentrated), cofactors required for the nucleic acid polymerase to function, dNTPs, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid polymerase is a DNA polymerase, such as a DNA polymerase with strand displacement activity, such as Bst DNA polymerase, phi29 DNA polymerase, and Exoklenow. In certain embodiments, the cofactor is a cation (e.g., magnesium ion). In certain embodiments, the working buffer is concentrated. For example, the working buffer can be concentrated at least 2-fold, at least 5-fold, or at least 10-fold.

[0052] In certain embodiments, the reagent for disrupting or inhibiting nucleic acid amplification comprises: (1) an activity inhibitor or denaturant for the nucleic acid polymerase; (2) a reagent capable of removing the cofactor required for the function of the nucleic acid polymerase; (3) an acidic or alkaline buffer capable of adjusting the pH of the solution; The compound may include one or more selected from the group consisting of:

[0053] In certain embodiments, the reagent for interrupting or inhibiting nucleic acid amplification may include an activity inhibitor or denaturant of the nucleic acid polymerase, e.g., a surfactant selected from the group consisting of sodium deoxycholate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauryl sulfate, Tween-20, NP-40, and Tritox-100.

[0054] In certain embodiments, the reagent that interrupts or inhibits nucleic acid amplification may include a reagent capable of removing the cofactor required for the nucleic acid polymerase to function. In certain embodiments, the cofactor is a cation (e.g., magnesium ion). In certain embodiments, the agent capable of removing the cofactor required for the nucleic acid polymerase to function is a cation chelator (e.g., magnesium ion chelator). In certain embodiments, the cation chelator (e.g., magnesium ion chelator) is selected from the group consisting of NTA, EDTA, HEDP, EDTMPS, DTPMPA, EDDHA, STPP, sodium dextrose, and sodium metasilicate. In certain embodiments, the cation chelator (e.g., magnesium ion chelator) is EDTA.

[0055] In certain embodiments, the reagent for disrupting or inhibiting nucleic acid amplification may comprise an acidic or basic buffer capable of adjusting the pH of the solution, in certain embodiments, the acidic or basic buffer is selected from the group consisting of citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, carbonate buffer and Tris-HCl buffer.

[0056] In certain embodiments, the reagents for depositing the nucleic acid molecules onto the solid support include tripotassium citrate, citric acid, phi29 polymerase, and Pluronic F68.

[0057] In certain embodiments, the kit further comprises a reagent for pre-treating the solid support, hi certain embodiments, the reagent for pre-treating the solid support is selected from the group consisting of a poloxamer, an enzyme (e.g., a DNA polymerase (e.g., phi29 DNA polymerase), T4 ligase, BSA), or any combination thereof.

[0058] Beneficial effects The method for loading nucleic acid nanoballs (e.g., DNBs) on solid support provided by the present invention has higher loading density and loading stability compared with the prior art. At the same time, the method of the present invention amplifies the target nucleic acid molecules in nucleic acid nanoballs (e.g., DNBs) twice, and more copies of the target nucleic acid molecules are formed on the slide, which can generate stronger and more stable signals, making detection easier.

[0059] The methods of the present invention can improve the quality of DNBs deposited on high density arrays, can increase the number of sequencing target copies at array sites, can improve the signal-to-noise ratio at array sites, and can allow for longer read lengths and shorter imaging exposure times as well as better overall data quality, which is particularly advantageous for high-throughput sequencing. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0060] [Figure 1]The outline procedure for mounting DNBs on a slide is shown. In an exemplary embodiment, using a single-stranded circularized DNA library, DNBs are obtained by performing rolling circle amplification with primers, dNTPs and phi29 DNA polymerase or other polymerases with strand displacement activity under appropriate conditions, and after the rolling circle amplification is completed, the DNBs are directly mounted on a sequencing slide. Since each DNB may contain different numbers of copies of a nucleic acid molecule (some DNBs contain more copies, some DNBs contain less copies), the size of different DNBs varies. During the mounting process, due to the effects of Brown / thermal motion and shear, etc., a large DNB may be mounted on two or more adjacent sites on a slide, while multiple small DNBs may be mounted on the same one site on a slide, and some DNBs may disappear into the solution and not be mounted. This has a significant impact on the subsequent sequencing results (sequencing efficiency and sequencing quality). [Diagram 2] The procedure of placing DNB on a slide using the method of the present invention is shown. In an exemplary embodiment, using a single-stranded circularized DNA library, DNB is obtained by performing a first rolling circle amplification with primers, dNTPs and phi29 DNA polymerase or other polymerase with strand displacement activity under appropriate conditions. The conditions and time of the first rolling circle amplification are controlled to obtain DNB of appropriate size. In a preferred embodiment, DNB can be efficiently placed on a slide by making the size of the DNB not exceed the interval between adjacent sites on the slide, thereby avoiding simultaneous placement of multiple DNBs on the same site or placement of one DNB on two or more adjacent sites on a slide. For example, if the site interval of the chip is 700 nm, a rolling circle amplification time of 20 minutes or less can be used, if the site interval of the chip is 500 nm, a rolling circle amplification time of 10 minutes or less can be used, and if the site interval is further reduced, a shorter rolling circle amplification time can be used to obtain DNB of appropriate size.

[0061] Various methods can be used to interrupt or slow the first rolling circle amplification after a certain period of rolling circle amplification. For example, the methods that can be used include, but are not limited to, (1) adding a certain concentration of EDTA to the reaction mixture to chelate magnesium ions and weaken or stop the polymerization ability of phi29 DNA polymerase and stop or slow the growth of DNBs, (2) adjusting the temperature of the reaction mixture to a low temperature (e.g., below 20°C, such as 4°C) to weaken or stop the polymerization ability of phi29 DNA polymerase and stop or slow the growth of DNBs, and (3) adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture to acidic (e.g., using a mixture of tripotassium citrate and citric acid at pH=4.7) to weaken or stop the polymerization ability of phi29 DNA polymerase and stop or slow the growth of DNBs.

[0062] The DNB is then placed on a sequencing slide, and a second rolling circle amplification is then performed on the slide to increase the number of copies of the nucleic acid molecule contained in the DNB. Various methods can be used to perform the second rolling circle amplification. In certain embodiments, rolling circle amplification can be resumed by eliminating conditions that inhibit phi29 DNA polymerase activity. For example, if EDTA is used in the previous step to chelate magnesium ions and weaken or stop the polymerization ability of phi29 DNA polymerase, rolling circle amplification on the slide can be continued by adding an appropriate concentration of magnesium ion buffer to restore the polymerization ability of phi29 DNA polymerase after the DNB is placed on the sequencing slide. For example, if a low temperature (e.g., less than 20°C, e.g., 4°C) is used in the previous step to weaken or stop the polymerization ability of phi29 DNA polymerase, rolling circle amplification on the slide can be continued by increasing the temperature of the reaction system (e.g., 30-37°C) to restore the polymerization ability of phi29 DNA polymerase after the DNB is placed on the sequencing slide. For example, if an acidic buffer (e.g., a mixture of tripotassium citrate and citric acid at pH=4.7) is used to weaken or stop the polymerization ability of phi29 DNA polymerase in the previous step, after the DNBs are placed on the sequencing slide, rolling circle amplification on the slide can be continued by increasing the pH of the reaction system (e.g., using phi29 DNA polymerase working buffer or by adding an alkaline buffer) to restore the polymerization ability of phi29 DNA polymerase.

[0063] By using the above-mentioned loading scheme of the present invention, the problem of low loading efficiency caused by the inappropriate size of DNB used in loading process (for example, size is too large) can be effectively avoided, and each site can be effectively guaranteed to correspond to one DNB, and furthermore, the number of copies of nucleic acid molecules contained in the DNB loaded at each site is higher, thereby making the signal stronger.Therefore, the method of the present invention can improve the efficiency of loading DNB and the quality of loading DNB at each site in chip (high-density array), can improve the signal-noise ratio at each site, and can enable longer read length and shorter imaging exposure time as well as better overall data quality. [Diagram 3] Base signals from the first sequencing cycle of experimental group 1 chips, experimental group 2 chips, and control group chips are shown. [Figure 4] The DNB overlap rates (i.e., the probability that one DNB occupies two sites on a slide) at adjacent sites are shown for the control chip (Figure 4A), the experimental group 1 chip (Figure 4B), and the experimental group 2 chip (Figure 4C). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0064] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. If no specific conditions are shown in the examples, the examples are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions suggested by the manufacturer. Reagents or equipment used without manufacturer's instructions are conventional products that can be obtained from the market.

[0065] The main equipment used in the examples of this application were as follows: DNBSEQ-T7RS sequencer (purchased from MGI Co., Ltd. (MGI)), MGIDL-T7RS (purchased from MGI), DNBSEQ-T7RS chip (700 nm, purchased from MGI), Qubit® 3.0 fluorimetric instrument (purchased from Thermo), PCR machine (purchased from Trobot), high speed centrifuge (purchased from Eppendorf).

[0066] The main reagents used in the examples of this application are shown in Table 1 below.

[0067] [Table 1]

[0068] Example 1: Amplification and placement of DNB In this example, experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and a control group were set up.

[0069] (1) The protocol for experimental group 1 is shown in Figure 2, and the specific experimental process was as follows. 1.1 First Amplification An E. coli single-stranded circular DNA library with a 300 bp major insert was prepared using the MGI Easy™ DNA Library Preparation Kit (MGI Co., Ltd.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The sequences of the two nucleic acid strands of the library adapter used were 5'-AGT CGG AGG CCA AGC GGT CTT AGG AAG ACA ATC CTT TTG TAC AAC TCC TTG GCT CAC A-3' (SEQ ID NO: 1) and 5'-TTG TCT TCC TAA GGA ACG ACA TGG CTA CGA TCC GAC TT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 2). Then, according to the instructions of DNB rapid preparation kit (MGI Co., Ltd.), 2fmol / uL single-stranded circular DNA library was taken, and then 20uL of DNB primer mixed solution (specific formula shown in Table 2) was added, and the RCA primer sequence was 5'-GCC ATG TCG TTC TGT GAG CCA AGG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 3). Primer hybridization was carried out in a PCR machine (95℃, 1 minute → 65℃, 1 minute → 40℃, 1 minute → 4℃, 1 minute), and then 40uL of DNA polymerase mixed solution (specific formula shown in Table 3) and 4ul of phi29 DNA polymerase (MGI Co., Ltd.) were added, and rolling circle amplification was carried out in a PCR machine (30℃, 20 minutes). The prepared DNBs were used for subsequent placement on a DNBSEQ-T7 chip (the spacing between adjacent sites on the chip was 700 nm, and the maximum size of a nucleic acid nanoball that could be accommodated or attached to a single site was 220 nm).

[0070] [Table 2]

[0071] [Table 3]

[0072] After performing rolling circle amplification for the above time, the amplification reaction mixture was immediately placed in an ice box, 8 μL of 0.5 mM EDTA was added, and the mixture was mixed gently with a wide-mouth pipette 5 to 8 times to avoid shaking and vigorous pipetting. Then, 2 μL of DNB was taken and concentration detection was performed using Qubit® ssDNA Assay Kit (purchased from Thermo Fisher, art. No. Q10212) and Qubit® 3.0 Fluorometer. The detection result showed that the nucleic acid concentration was 15 ng / ul. The size of the DNB formed by 20 minutes of rolling circle amplification was about 200 nm. A total of 5 tubes of DNB were prepared according to the loading amount of DNBSEQ-T7 chip (MGI Co., Ltd.).

[0073] 1.2 Preparing the DNB mounting system: According to the instruction manual of DNBSEQ-T7RS DNB Rapid Loading Kit (MGI Co., Ltd.), 400 ul of the DNB mixture prepared above was taken, 100 ul of PBS was added, and mixed gently 5 to 8 times with a wide-mouth pipette. Centrifugation, shaking, and vigorous pipetting were to be avoided.

[0074] 1.3 Preparation and mounting of sequencing slides First, slide pretreatment reagent 1 (specific formula shown in Table 4) was pumped into the chip and left at room temperature for 5 minutes, and then slide pretreatment reagent 2 (specific formula shown in Table 5) was pumped into the chip, and two reagents were used for pretreatment of the chip, which helped to assist efficient loading of DNB onto the sequencing slide. After the chip pretreatment was completed, DNB loading was performed by loading the DNB loading reagent into the MGIDL-T7RS instrument. The loading was performed at 4°C for 30 minutes.

[0075] [Table 4]

[0076] [Table 5]

[0077] 1.4 Second Amplification After the loading was completed, 740ul of a mixture of magnesium ion and DNB polymerase with a final concentration of 5mM and 1ul of phi29 DNA polymerase were pumped into the chip to reactivate the polymerase, and the temperature was set to 30°C to perform a second amplification on the sequencing slide, with an amplification time of 30 minutes. After the amplification was completed, the sequencing chip of experimental group 1 was obtained.

[0078] (2) The protocol for experimental group 2 is shown in Figure 2, and the specific experimental process was as follows. 2.1 First Amplification An E. coli single-stranded circular DNA library with a 300 bp major insert was prepared using the MGI Easy™ DNA Library Preparation Kit (MGI Co., Ltd.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The sequences of the two nucleic acid strands of the library adapter used were 5'-AGT CGG AGG CCA AGC GGT CTT AGG AAG ACA ATC CTT TTG TAC AAC TCC TTG GCT CAC A-3' (SEQ ID NO: 1) and 5'-TTG TCT TCC TAA GGA ACG ACA TGG CTA CGA TCC GAC TT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 2). Then, according to the instructions of DNB rapid preparation kit (MGI Co., Ltd.), 2fmol / uL single-stranded circular DNA library was taken, and then 20uL of DNB primer mixed solution (specific formula shown in Table 2) was added, and the RCA primer sequence was 5'-GCC ATG TCG TTC TGT GAG CCA AGG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 3). Primer hybridization was carried out in a PCR machine (95℃, 1 minute → 65℃, 1 minute → 40℃, 1 minute → 4℃, 1 minute), and then 40uL of DNA polymerase mixed solution (specific formula shown in Table 3) and 4ul of phi29 DNA polymerase (MGI Co., Ltd.) were added, and rolling circle amplification was carried out in a PCR machine (30℃, 20 minutes). The prepared DNBs were used for subsequent placement on a DNBSEQ-T7 chip (the spacing between adjacent sites on the chip was 700 nm, and the maximum size of a nucleic acid nanoball that could be accommodated or attached to a single site was 220 nm).

[0079] [Table 6]

[0080] [Table 7]

[0081] After performing rolling circle amplification for the above time, the amplification reaction mixture was immediately placed in an ice box and mixed gently 5-8 times using a wide-mouth pipette to avoid shaking and vigorous pipetting. Then, 2 μL of DNB was taken and concentration detection was performed using Qubit® ssDNA Assay Kit (purchased from Thermo Fisher, art. No. Q10212) and Qubit® 3.0 Fluorometer. The detection result showed that the nucleic acid concentration was 15 ng / ul. The size of the DNB formed by 20 minutes of rolling circle amplification was about 200 nm. A total of 5 tubes of DNB were prepared according to the loading amount of DNBSEQ-T7 chip (MGI Co., Ltd.).

[0082] 2.2 Preparation of DNB-mounted system: According to the instructions of the DNBSEQ-T7RS DNB Rapid Loading Kit (MGI Co., Ltd.), 500 ul of the DNB mixture prepared above was taken and placed into a loaded DNB tube, which was immediately placed on ice for later use.

[0083] 2.3 Preparation and mounting of sequencing slides First, slide pretreatment reagent 1 (specific formula shown in Table 4) was pumped into the chip and left at room temperature for 5 minutes, then slide pretreatment reagent 2 (specific formula shown in Table 5) was pumped into the chip, two reagents were used for pretreatment of the chip, which helped to assist the efficient loading of DNBs onto the sequencing slides. After the chip pretreatment was completed, the DNB loading system was loaded using the MGIDL-T7RS instrument to perform DNB loading. The loading was performed at 4°C for 30 minutes.

[0084] [Table 8]

[0085] [Table 9]

[0086] 2.4 Second Amplification After placing for 30 minutes at 4°C, the temperature was set to 30°C to reactivate the phi29 enzyme, and a second amplification was performed on the sequencing slide for an amplification time of 30 minutes. After completing the amplification, the sequencing chips of experimental group 2 were obtained.

[0087] (3) The control group protocol is shown in Figure 1. The specific experimental process was as follows.

[0088] The samples used in the control group were the same as those in the experimental group, i.e., E. coli single-stranded circular DNA library with mainly 300bp inserts. The samples were subjected to rolling circle amplification using the same kit and the same protocol as those in the experimental group. Due to the requirements of the sequencing protocol on copy number and sequencing signal, the amplification time in the control group was set to 40 minutes. The nucleic acid concentration of the amplified product was 35ng / ul, and the average size of the formed DNB was about 300nm.

[0089] Subsequently, the amplified products (DNB) were placed on sequencing slides using the same kit and the same protocol as in the experimental group, but without a second rolling circle amplification (i.e., without step 1.4), thereby obtaining control group sequencing chips.

[0090] Example 2: Sequencing According to the instructions of DNBSEQ-T7RS high throughput sequencing kit (MGI Co., Ltd.) and DNBSEQ-T7RS washing buffer kit (MGI Co., Ltd.), the sequencing chips obtained in the above experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and control group were placed in the DNBSEQ-T7RS sequencing device, and PE100 (paired end 100bp) sequencing was performed respectively. The sequence of the single-stranded sequencing primer (MGI Co., Ltd.) used in the sequencing process was 5'-GC TCA CAG AAC GAC ATG GCT ACG ATC CGA CTT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 4).

[0091] FIG. 3 shows the comparison results of the base signals of the chip of experimental group 1, the chip of experimental group 2, and the chip of the control group in the first sequencing cycle. The results showed that the signals of experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 were higher than the control group. Table 6 shows the PE100 sequencing reports of experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and the control group of the present invention. The results showed that the total data amount (total reads) and sequencing quality (Q30) of experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 using the protocol of the present invention were better than the control group. FIG. 4 shows the overlap rate values ​​of adjacent DNBs in experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and the control group of the present invention. The higher the value, the more significant the phenomenon of one DNB occupying two site positions. This can be seen from Figure 4, where the dup-rate of the control group (Figure 4A) was 10.09%, while the dup-rate of experimental group 1 (Figure 4B) was 1.14%, and the dup-rate of experimental group 2 (Figure 4C) was 1.6%. The results showed that the dup-rate of the experimental group according to the protocol of the present invention was much lower than that of the control group.

[0092] [Table 10]

[0093] Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will appreciate that in light of all the teachings disclosed herein, various modifications and changes may be made to said details, all of which are within the scope of the present invention, the full scope of which is given by the appended claims and any equivalents thereof. Further embodiments are as follows. [Embodiment 1] 1. A method for depositing nucleic acid molecules on a solid support or for constructing a library of nucleic acids immobilized on a solid support, comprising the steps of: (1) providing a composition comprising a nucleic acid molecule and said solid support; (2) performing a first amplification of the nucleic acid molecule in the composition to obtain an amplification product comprising the nucleic acid molecule; (3) interrupting or slowing the first amplification; (4) depositing the amplification products comprising the nucleic acid molecules onto the solid support; and (5) performing a second amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the amplification products deposited on the solid support. Including, Preferably, the amplification product comprising the nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid nanoball, Preferably, the solid support has an array of sites for depositing the amplification products (e.g., nucleic acid nanoballs); Preferably, the sites are arranged on the solid support in a predetermined pattern; Preferably, the nucleic acid molecule is selected from the group consisting of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), or an analogue of DNA or RNA; Preferably, the composition comprises a single-stranded circular nucleic acid molecule, preferably, the composition comprises a single-stranded circular DNA molecule; Preferably, the composition comprises one or more nucleic acid molecules, e.g., at least 10, at least 20, at least 50, at least 100, at least 1000, at least 10 4 Pieces, at least 10 5 Pieces, at least 10 6 Pieces, at least 10 7 one or more nucleic acid molecules, preferably the nucleic acid molecules are single stranded circularized DNA, Preferably, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a target nucleic acid fragment at least 100 bp, at least 200 bp, at least 500 bp, at least 800 bp, at least 1000 bp, or at least 2000 bp in length. method. [Embodiment 2] In step (2), the size of the obtained amplification product (e.g., nucleic acid nanoball) does not exceed a predetermined size, Preferably, in step (2), the obtained amplification product (e.g., nucleic acid nanoball) is a linear nucleic acid molecule such as linear DNA, Preferably, the predetermined size is the maximum size of the nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a nucleic acid nanoball) that can be accommodated or attached to a single site on the solid support, or the spacing between adjacent sites on the solid support; Preferably, the size of the resulting nucleic acid nanoball does not exceed 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10% of the maximum size or the spacing between adjacent sites; Preferably, in step (2), the first amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the composition is carried out by rolling circle amplification; Preferably, the time of amplification (e.g., rolling circle amplification) is controlled so that the size of the amplification product (e.g., nucleic acid nanoball) does not exceed the predetermined size. 2. The method of embodiment 1. [Embodiment 3] In step (3), the first amplification is (a) controlling or reducing the amount of dNTPs in the reaction mixture for the first amplification, and / or (b) inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase used in the first amplification or inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase used in the first amplification. is interrupted or delayed by one or more methods selected from the group consisting of: Preferably, the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase used in the first amplification or by inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase used in the first amplification, Preferably, the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase used in the first amplification is inhibited such that the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is reduced by at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90% or at least 95%; Preferably, (a) adding an activity inhibitor or denaturant of the nucleic acid polymerase; (b) removing a cofactor required for the nucleic acid polymerase to function; (c) adjusting the temperature of the reaction mixture for the first amplification to fall outside (e.g., above or below) the working temperature range of the nucleic acid polymerase; (d) adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture for the first amplification to be outside (e.g., above or below) the working pH range of the nucleic acid polymerase; The activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is inhibited or the nucleic acid polymerase is inactivated by one or more methods selected from the group consisting of: Preferably, the nucleic acid polymerase is a DNA polymerase, such as a DNA polymerase with strand displacement activity, such as Bst DNA polymerase, phi29 DNA polymerase, and Exoklenow. 3. The method according to embodiment 1 or 2. [Embodiment 4] the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is inhibited or the nucleic acid polymerase is inactivated by removing a cofactor required for the function of the nucleic acid polymerase; Preferably, the cofactor is a cation (e.g., a magnesium ion); Preferably, the cofactor is removed by adding a cation chelator (e.g., a magnesium ion chelator), thereby inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase or inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase; Preferably, the magnesium ion chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of NTA, EDTA, HEDP, EDTMPS, DTPMPA, EDDHA, STPP, sodium dextrose and sodium metasilicate; Preferably, the agent for chelating magnesium ions is EDTA. 4. The method of embodiment 3. [Embodiment 5] adjusting the temperature of the reaction mixture for the first amplification to fall outside (e.g., above or below) the working temperature range of the nucleic acid polymerase, thereby inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase or inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase; Preferably, the temperature of the reaction mixture is adjusted to be higher than the upper limit of the action temperature of the nucleic acid polymerase, for example, at least 5°C, at least 10°C, at least 15°C, or more; or the temperature of the reaction mixture is adjusted to be lower than the lower limit of the action temperature of the nucleic acid polymerase, for example, at least 5°C, at least 10°C, at least 15°C, or more; Preferably, the temperature of the reaction mixture is reduced to a temperature of 20° C. or less, 10° C. or less, 4° C. or less, or the temperature of the reaction mixture is increased to a temperature of 50° C. or more, 60° C. or more, 70° C. or more, 80° C. or more. 4. The method of embodiment 3. [Embodiment 6] adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture for the first amplification by adding an acidic or basic buffer to fall outside (e.g., above or below) the working pH range of the nucleic acid polymerase, thereby inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase or inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase; Preferably, the pH of the reaction mixture is adjusted to be higher than the upper working pH limit of the nucleic acid polymerase, e.g., at least 1 pH unit, at least 2 pH units, at least 3 pH units, or more; or the pH of the reaction mixture is adjusted to be lower than the lower working pH limit of the nucleic acid polymerase, e.g., at least 1 pH unit, at least 2 pH units, at least 3 pH units, or more; Preferably, the acidic or basic buffer is selected from the group consisting of citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, carbonate buffer and Tris-HCl buffer. 4. The method of embodiment 3. [Embodiment 7] The method according to embodiment 3, wherein the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is inhibited or the nucleic acid polymerase is inactivated by adding an activity inhibitor or denaturant of the nucleic acid polymerase, and preferably, the activity inhibitor or denaturant of the nucleic acid polymerase is a surfactant selected from the group consisting of, for example, sodium deoxycholate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauryl sulfate, Tween-20, NP-40 and Tritox-100. [Embodiment 8] (a) the solid support is selected from the group consisting of latex beads, dextran beads, polystyrene surfaces, polypropylene surfaces, polyacrylamide gels, gold surfaces, glass surfaces, chips, sensors, electrodes, and silicon wafers; (b) the solid support is planar, spherical or porous; (c) the maximum size of the nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a nucleic acid nanoball) that can be accommodated or attached to a single site on the solid support is 5000 nm or less, 2000 nm or less, 1000 nm or less, 700 nm or less, 500 nm or less, 300 nm or less, or 100 nm or less; (d) in step (2), the first amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the composition is performed by rolling circle amplification; (e) in step (5), the second amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the amplification products is performed by rolling circle amplification; (f) the first amplification and the second amplification use the same or different (preferably the same) nucleic acid polymerase (e.g., DNA polymerase); (g) the solid support is subjected to a pretreatment prior to performing step (4), e.g., the solid support is pretreated by using a poloxamer, an enzyme (e.g., a DNA polymerase (e.g., phi29 DNA polymerase), T4 ligase, BSA), or any combination thereof; (h) in step (5), the amplification product obtained by the second amplification is a linear nucleic acid molecule such as a linear DNA; (i) the product obtained in step (5) is used as a nucleic acid sequencing library; (j) the method further comprises, after step (5), sequencing the nucleic acid molecule mounted on the solid support; 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, having one or more features selected from the group consisting of: [Embodiment 9] In step (5), the second amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the amplification product deposited on the solid support is carried out by adding reagents required for nucleic acid amplification, Preferably, in step (5), the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is restored to at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95% or more of the normal activity of the nucleic acid polymerase; Preferably, the reagent is selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid polymerase (e.g., a DNA polymerase), dNTPs, a working buffer for the nucleic acid polymerase, and any combination thereof. The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8. [Embodiment 10] In step (5), the second amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the amplification product deposited on the solid support is performed by eliminating the conditions that interrupted or slowed the first amplification in step (3); Preferably, in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase used for the first amplification, and in step (5), the second amplification is performed by restoring the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase (e.g., by eliminating conditions that inhibit the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase), For example, in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by adding an activity inhibitor of the nucleic acid polymerase, and in step (5), the activity inhibitor is removed to restore the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase, and the second amplification is performed; For example, in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by removing a cofactor required for the nucleic acid polymerase to function, and in step (5), the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is restored by adding the cofactor and the second amplification is carried out; For example, in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by adjusting the temperature of the reaction mixture to fall outside (e.g., above or below) the working temperature range of the nucleic acid polymerase, and in step (5), the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is restored by adjusting the temperature of the reaction mixture to the working temperature range of the nucleic acid polymerase, and the second amplification is performed; For example, in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture to fall outside (e.g., above or below) the working pH range of the nucleic acid polymerase, and in step (5), the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is restored by adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture to the working pH range of the nucleic acid polymerase, and the second amplification is carried out; For example, in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by denaturing the nucleic acid polymerase, and in step (5), the second amplification is performed by adding the nucleic acid polymerase. The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8. [Embodiment 11] 1. A kit comprising reagents for amplifying a nucleic acid, reagents for interrupting or inhibiting nucleic acid amplification, and reagents for depositing said nucleic acid molecule on a solid support, Preferably, the reagents for amplifying a nucleic acid comprise a nucleic acid polymerase, a working buffer (concentrated or non-concentrated) for the nucleic acid polymerase, cofactors required for the nucleic acid polymerase to function, dNTPs or any combination thereof; Preferably, the nucleic acid polymerase is a DNA polymerase, such as a DNA polymerase having strand displacement activity, such as Bst DNA polymerase, phi29 DNA polymerase, and Exoklenow; Preferably, the cofactor is a cation (e.g., a magnesium ion); Preferably, the working buffer is concentrated, e.g., the working buffer is at least 2-fold, at least 5-fold, or at least 10-fold concentrated; Preferably, said reagent for disrupting or inhibiting nucleic acid amplification comprises: (1) an activity inhibitor or denaturant for the nucleic acid polymerase; (2) a reagent capable of removing the cofactor required for the function of the nucleic acid polymerase; (3) an acidic or alkaline buffer capable of adjusting the pH of the solution; may include one or more selected from the group consisting of: Preferably, the agent for interrupting or inhibiting nucleic acid amplification may comprise an activity inhibitor or denaturant of the nucleic acid polymerase; Preferably, the activity inhibitor or denaturant of the nucleic acid polymerase is a surfactant selected from the group consisting of, for example, sodium deoxycholate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauryl sulfate, Tween-20, NP-40 and Tritox-100; Preferably, the reagent that interrupts or inhibits nucleic acid amplification comprises a reagent capable of removing a cofactor required for the nucleic acid polymerase to function, Preferably, the cofactor is a cation (e.g., a magnesium ion); Preferably, the reagent capable of removing the cofactor required for the function of the nucleic acid polymerase is a cation chelator (e.g. a magnesium ion chelator); Preferably, the cation chelator (e.g., magnesium ion chelator) is selected from the group consisting of NTA, EDTA, HEDP, EDTMPS, DTPMPA, EDDHA, STPP, sodium dextrose, and sodium metasilicate; Preferably, the cation chelator (e.g., magnesium ion chelator) is EDTA; Preferably, the reagent for interrupting or inhibiting nucleic acid amplification comprises an acidic or basic buffer capable of adjusting the pH of the solution; Preferably, the acidic or basic buffer is selected from the group consisting of citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, carbonate buffer and Tris-HCl buffer; Preferably, the reagent for depositing the nucleic acid molecule on the solid support comprises tripotassium citrate, citric acid, phi29 polymerase, Pluronic F68; Preferably, the kit further comprises a reagent for pre-treating the solid support, Preferably, the reagent for pre-treating the solid support is selected from the group consisting of a poloxamer, an enzyme (e.g., a DNA polymerase (e.g., phi29 DNA polymerase), T4 ligase, BSA), or any combination thereof. kit.

Claims

1. 1. A method for depositing nucleic acid molecules on a solid support or for constructing a library of nucleic acids immobilized on a solid support, comprising the steps of: (1) providing a composition comprising a nucleic acid molecule and the solid support; (2) performing a first amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the composition to obtain nucleic acid nanoballs comprising the nucleic acid molecules; (3) interrupting or slowing the first amplification; (4) placing the nucleic acid nanoballs on the solid support; and (5) A step of performing a second amplification of the nucleic acid nanoballs placed on the solid support. A method comprising:

2. (1) the solid support has an array of sites for placing the nucleic acid nanoballs, the sites being arranged on the solid support in a predetermined pattern; (2) the nucleic acid molecule is selected from the group consisting of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), or an analog of DNA or RNA; (3) the composition comprises a single-stranded circular nucleic acid molecule; (4) the composition comprises a single-stranded circular DNA molecule; (5) The composition has at least 10, at least 20, at least 50, at least 100, at least 1000, at least 10 ４ Pieces, at least 10 ５ Pieces, at least 10 ６ Pieces, at least 10 ７ comprising one or more nucleic acid molecules; (6) the nucleic acid molecule comprises a target nucleic acid fragment at least 100 bp, at least 200 bp, at least 500 bp, at least 800 bp, at least 1000 bp, or at least 2000 bp in length; and (7) In step (2), the nucleic acid nanoball is a linear nucleic acid molecule. The method of claim 1 , having one or more features selected from:

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (2), the size of the obtained nucleic acid nanoballs does not exceed a predetermined size.

4. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the predetermined size is the maximum size of the nucleic acid molecule that can be accommodated or attached to a single site on the solid support, or the spacing between adjacent sites on the solid support.

5. (1) The size of the obtained nucleic acid nanoball does not exceed 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10% of the maximum size or the distance between adjacent sites; and (2) By controlling the amplification time, the size of the nucleic acid nanoball does not exceed the predetermined size. The method of claim 4 , having one or more features selected from:

6. In step (3), the first amplification comprises: (a) controlling or reducing the amount of dNTPs in the reaction mixture for the first amplification; and (b) inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase used in the first amplification or inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase used in the first amplification.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the process is interrupted or delayed by one or more methods selected from the group consisting of:

7. (a) adding an activity inhibitor or denaturant of the nucleic acid polymerase; (b) removing a cofactor that is required for the nucleic acid polymerase to function; (c) adjusting the temperature of the reaction mixture for the first amplification so that it is outside the working temperature range of the nucleic acid polymerase; and (d) adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture for the first amplification so that it is outside the working pH range of the nucleic acid polymerase.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is inhibited or the nucleic acid polymerase is inactivated by one or more methods selected from the group consisting of:

8. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is inhibited or the nucleic acid polymerase is inactivated by removing a cofactor that is required for the function of the nucleic acid polymerase.

9. (1) the cofactor is a cation; (2) The cofactor is a magnesium ion; (3) the cofactor is removed by adding a cation chelator, thereby inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase or inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase; (4) the cofactor is removed by adding a magnesium ion chelator; and (5) The cofactor is removed by adding a cation chelating agent selected from the group consisting of NTA, EDTA, HEDP, EDTMPS, DTPMPA, EDDHA, STPP, sodium dextrose, and sodium metasilicate. The method of claim 8 , having one or more features selected from:

10. The method of claim 6, wherein the temperature of the reaction mixture for the first amplification is adjusted to be outside the working temperature range of the nucleic acid polymerase, thereby inhibiting activity of the nucleic acid polymerase or inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase.

11. (1) The temperature of the reaction mixture is adjusted to be at least 5° C., at least 10° C., at least 15° C., or more higher than the upper limit of the action temperature of the nucleic acid polymerase, or the temperature of the reaction mixture is adjusted to be at least 5° C., at least 10° C., at least 15° C., or more lower than the lower limit of the action temperature of the nucleic acid polymerase; and (2) decreasing the temperature of the reaction mixture to a temperature of 20° C. or less, 10° C. or less, 4° C. or less, or increasing the temperature of the reaction mixture to a temperature of 50° C. or more, 60° C. or more, 70° C. or more, 80° C. or more, or The method of claim 10 , having one or more features selected from:

12. The method of claim 6, wherein the pH of the reaction mixture for the first amplification is adjusted by adding an acidic or basic buffer so as to be outside the working pH range of the nucleic acid polymerase, thereby inhibiting the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase or inactivating the nucleic acid polymerase.

13. (1) the pH of the reaction mixture is adjusted to be at least 1 pH unit, at least 2 pH units, at least 3 pH units, or more higher than the upper pH limit of the action of the nucleic acid polymerase, or the pH of the reaction mixture is adjusted to be at least 1 pH unit, at least 2 pH units, at least 3 pH units, or more lower than the lower pH limit of the action of the nucleic acid polymerase; and (2) The acidic or basic buffer solution is selected from the group consisting of citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, carbonate buffer and Tris-HCl buffer. The method of claim 12 , having one or more features selected from:

14. The method according to claim 6, wherein the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is inhibited or the nucleic acid polymerase is inactivated by adding an activity inhibitor or denaturant of the nucleic acid polymerase.

15. (1) The nucleic acid polymerase activity inhibitor or denaturant is a surfactant; and (2) The nucleic acid polymerase activity inhibitor or denaturant is selected from the group consisting of sodium deoxycholate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauryl sulfate, Tween-20, NP-40 and Tritox-100. The method of claim 14 , having one or more features selected from:

16. (a) the solid support is selected from the group consisting of latex beads, dextran beads, polystyrene surfaces, polypropylene surfaces, polyacrylamide gels, gold surfaces, glass surfaces, chips, sensors, electrodes, and silicon wafers; (b) the solid support is planar, spherical or porous; (c) the maximum size of a nucleic acid nanoball that can be accommodated or attached to a single site on the solid support is 5000 nm or less, 2000 nm or less, 1000 nm or less, 700 nm or less, 500 nm or less, 300 nm or less, or 100 nm or less; (d) in step (2), the first amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the composition is performed by rolling circle amplification; (e) in step (5), the second amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the nucleic acid nanoballs is performed by rolling circle amplification; (f) the first amplification and the second amplification use the same or different nucleic acid polymerases; (g) the solid support is subjected to a pretreatment prior to carrying out step (4); (h) the solid support is pretreated by using a poloxamer, an enzyme, or any combination thereof; (i) the product obtained in step (5) is used as a nucleic acid sequencing library; and (j) the method further comprises, after step (5), sequencing the nucleic acid molecule mounted on the solid support; The method of claim 1 , having one or more features selected from the group consisting of:

17. (a) in step (5), the second amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the nucleic acid nanoballs placed on the solid support is carried out by adding a reagent required for nucleic acid amplification; and (b) performing the second amplification of the nucleic acid molecules in the nucleic acid nanoballs mounted on the solid support in step (5) by eliminating the conditions that interrupt or slow the first amplification in step (3); The method of claim 1 , having one or more features selected from the group consisting of:

18. (a) the reagents required for nucleic acid amplification are selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid polymerase, dNTPs, a working buffer for a nucleic acid polymerase, and any combination thereof; (b) in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by inhibiting the activity of a nucleic acid polymerase used for the first amplification, and in step (5), the second amplification is performed by restoring the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase; (c) in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by inhibiting the activity of a nucleic acid polymerase used for the first amplification, and in step (5), the second amplification is performed by eliminating conditions that inhibit the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase; (d) in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by adding an activity inhibitor of the nucleic acid polymerase, and in step (5), the activity inhibitor is removed to restore the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase, and the second amplification is performed; (e) in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by removing a cofactor required for the nucleic acid polymerase to function, and in step (5), activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is restored by adding the cofactor and the second amplification is performed; (f) in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by adjusting the temperature of the reaction mixture outside the working temperature range of the nucleic acid polymerase, and in step (5), the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is restored by adjusting the temperature of the reaction mixture into the working temperature range of the nucleic acid polymerase, and the second amplification is performed; (g) in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture to be outside the working pH range of the nucleic acid polymerase, and in step (5), the activity of the nucleic acid polymerase is restored by adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture to the working pH range of the nucleic acid polymerase, and the second amplification is performed; and (h) in step (3), the first amplification is interrupted or slowed by denaturing the nucleic acid polymerase, and in step (5), the second amplification is performed by adding the nucleic acid polymerase.

20. The method of claim 17, having one or more features selected from the group consisting of:

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