Disc-shaped tool and method for machining a workpiece, cutting device and use of cutting, grinding and abrasive discs for producing surface structures on a workpiece - Patents.com

Abstract

The present invention relates to a disk-shaped cutting tool (1), a radial cutting method for machining an axially elongated workpiece, a cutting device, and the use of the disk-shaped cutting tool. The disk-shaped cutting tool according to the present invention has a defined flexibility and a defined impact. In the radial cutting process according to the present invention, the lateral deflection of the axially stationary rotating tool (1) brings the tool into effective axial contact with the workpiece to be machined by means of at least one laterally applied grinding and polishing surface (6, 20, 21, 22). In the cutting device according to the present invention, the cutting tool (1) can be moved only radially to machine the workpiece. The use of the disk-shaped tool (1) according to the present invention serves the purpose of sample preparation and subsequent surface analysis on workpieces cut to a certain length.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a tool and a method for machining a workpiece, in particular for simultaneous and parallel machining of a workpiece, as specified in the preambles of claims 1 and 6, respectively, a cutting device according to claim 10 and a use according to claim 12. [Background technology]

[0002] To machine the workpiece, the cutting and separating process is carried out, for example, by means of a rotating tool used in a stationary or mobile device. As a possible embodiment of a cutting machine, reference is made in this document to DE202016102268U1.

[0003] After the cutting and separating process is carried out, the resulting cutting surface has surface features resulting from the cutting or separating process. Separating and cutting tools are primarily designed for high cutting performance, and often produce cutting surfaces with high surface roughness, burrs, and temperature-induced material damage due to the correspondingly rough cutting edges. In many applications, the surface quality of the cutting surface resulting from the cutting or separating process does not meet the requirements of laboratories, which must inspect the cutting surface resulting from the process more closely. Even in industrial production, for example, clean and burr-free cutting surfaces are required for further processing of the cut workpieces, which should be as free as possible from any kind of damage. For example, in grinding or polishing processes, further processing of the associated cutting surface is usually still required. Individual influences during sample preparation are currently almost unavoidable.

[0004] In the following description, possible processing steps for improving the surface quality in the axial working direction of the disk-shaped rotating tool are collectively referred to as "grinding", whereas the cutting and separation processes in the radial working direction are referred to as "cutting".

[0005] According to a common method, for example when an insulated cable is cut to length, the cutting and grinding processes are performed with different tools in successive operations, since each of the cutting and grinding processes imposes different demands on the tool structure and the removal rate of the tool during operation. For each process, a special machine tool is usually used. A change of the workpiece or a manual grinding process occurs.

[0006] During the cutting process using a rotary tool, the tool penetrates in a radial working direction into the workpiece to be machined. It is desirable for the rotary cutting tool to have a small thickness so that less material removal is required to perform the separation cut.

[0007] In contrast to rotary cutting tools, rotary grinding tools usually have a greater thickness in the axial direction, so that the axial forces generated by the lateral surfaces of the tool during the grinding process are absorbed and a maximum possible contact is achieved between the tool and the workpiece surface in the radial working direction during the grinding process. As an example for the design of a disk-shaped grinding tool, DE 69611764 T2 is mentioned in this document.

[0008] The degree of wear on a tool is usually checked before the start of a cutting or grinding process. This check is often purely visual, with results limited to subjectivity to the inspector's opinion. If during a current machining process a tool is currently reaching its wear limit, an interruption of the process must be made and it must be restarted with a new tool. In addition to the extra time required for a tool change, a tool change performed during a machining process can lead to non-uniform work results. This is problematic when used for sample preparation and subsequent surface analysis on the workpiece.

[0009] DE102015223428B4 proposes a disk-shaped cutting tool for performing gentle separation cuts, which are particularly suitable for cutting composite materials with poor thermal conductivity. The cutting gap is generated by means of a exclusively radially acting main cutting edge on the outer circumference of the disk-shaped cutting tool, which is then widened by means of a convex secondary cutting edge arranged adjacent to the main cutting edge and acting in a partially radial and partially axial manner. The high temperatures that arise when material is removed are distributed over a larger area on both the tool and the workpiece. The workpiece material in the area of ​​the cutting surface that has undergone temperature-related and material-damaging structural changes during the generation of the cutting gap is at least partially removed during the subsequent widening of the cutting gap. In the application, the invention disclosed in DE102015223428B4 achieves a cutting surface with significantly less temperature damage.

[0010] The material removal required to perform a separating cut with the tool disclosed in DE102015223428B4 is greater than that with conventional cutting disks due to the special geometrical arrangement of the peripheral area of ​​the disk, which is inconsistent with its use for performing an efficient separating cut in metallic materials.

[0011] It should also be noted that the tool disclosed in DE102015223428B4 should not be used for the purposes of surface grinding in an axial working direction.

[0012] From US6632131B1 a saw blade is known which has geometrically defined and alternatingly arranged sawtooths on its outer circumference and on its lateral surfaces is fitted with guide elements. According to this invention the guide elements do not protrude axially beyond the separating cut width. The guide elements therefore cannot have a grinding effect in the axial direction but are intended to remove debris which, despite being pulled away from the body of the workpiece by the cutting edge, are still attached to the workpiece and protrude into the separating cut.

[0013] WO2011 / 029106A2 describes a wear indicator for a rotary cutting or grinding tool that removes material, which provides information about the radial or axial wear of the tool via recesses or ridges integrated into the tool. Summary of the Invention

[0014] Based on the prior art presented, the present invention further has the object of providing a tool or a method of machining that is commercially available and can be used on portable or stationary cutting and grinding machines and that allows efficient cutting of a workpiece with defined surface features by means of a cutting process. The machining quality should be guaranteed. It should be possible to repeatedly regenerate the generated surface in the same way.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a tool including a wear indicator that allows the tool user to conclude, possibly before the initiation of the operation, whether or not the operation can be fully performed while the remaining utilization capacity of the tool remains.

[0016] The object of the invention is achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims which include their respective features.

[0017] Advantageous further developments of the invention are defined in the respective dependent claims.

[0018] The disk-shaped cutting tool according to the invention is provided for rotary cutting of a stationary and clamped workpiece, elongated at least approximately along a rotation axis, the rotary cutting being carried out at least approximately in the direction of the clamped workpiece in a perpendicular direction by a radial feed relative to the rotation axis. However, the cutting tool does not necessarily have a cutting edge exclusively in the radially outer region of the cutting tool. In the radially inner region relative to the circumferential region, at least one of the two opposing disk flanks is supplied with at least one grinding and / or abrasive agent.

[0019] The disc-shaped tool according to the invention is advantageously provided for use in commercially available mobile or stationary cutting and grinding machines. Its use in testing laboratories for electrical cables saves considerable effort and increases the informative value of research.

[0020] According to the further idea of ​​the invention, the cutting device according to the invention is suitable for a method for machining a test workpiece, i.e. by means of a disk-shaped cutting tool. During the exclusively at least approximately radial movement of the tool, the tool is separated, ground and / or polished successively, either simultaneously or indeed successively, particularly preferably during a single feed command from the machine control. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wear indicator shows the remaining utilization capacity, in particular the remaining cutting volume and / or the remaining utilization time. This indication particularly preferably reacts independently to the mechanical wear of the tool above a certain level, in particular in that different colors appear or become recognizable.

[0021] Tools already take into account in their design loads that can impair the quality of the workpiece, such as temperature and tool fatigue.

[0022] Wear indicators now even provide information about the process parameters to be selected, such as tool speed and delivery rate.

[0023] The invention avoids separate performances of the "cutting" process, the "grinding" process and, if necessary, the "polishing" process. Setup operations and therefore machine and personnel costs are saved. Setup operations on machines performing operations with material-removing processes are time-consuming and labor-intensive, since, for example, during each changeover, all mounting surfaces of the workpiece and the tool have to be very thoroughly cleaned of machining residues such as material chips and cooling lubricants. Setup operations on the machine tool usually result in the position of the workpiece to be machined, possibly also in the tool, being shifted from the machine coordinate system and having to be searched again. Setup, spanning and programming operations on the machine tool entail a certain potential for errors due to the complex working processes, especially in view of the use according to the invention.

[0024] If the workpiece needs to be reworked after the cutting process, it must have a certain minimum size to be able to be fastened by a clamping device for further processing. The need to maintain a minimum size of the workpiece leads to increased efforts such as fastening the workpiece on a support, especially when using very expensive materials or materials that are only available to a limited extent.

[0025] In one particularly preferred embodiment, the tool according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, comprises a disc-shaped base body, preferably made of a composite material, for example using a synthetic resin matrix similar to the cutting discs.

[0026] The tool according to the invention particularly preferably comprises a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, in which at least one region with a cutting edge acts in a radial working direction and at least one grinding and polishing region acts in an axial working direction. The cutting edges used are preferably designed to be geometrically indefinite, for example as granular abrasives. Furthermore, the tool according to the invention, in particular the cutting-grinding-polishing disk, preferably has a central bore in the axial direction for fastening in standardized conventional tool holders of moving and stationary cutting and grinding machines.

[0027] The delivery movement in the radial working direction of the tool according to the invention, in particular the cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, for the performance of the separation cut can be performed mechanically or manually, depending on the design of the machine technology used.

[0028] The tool according to the invention, in particular the cutting-grinding-polishing disc, is provided on at least one disc flank with abrasives which are finer, grained, roughened or designed to remove less material than the cutting agent, so as to achieve an intended improvement of the surface quality of the cutting surface in the axial direction, while at the same time achieving an efficient breakaway machining in the radial direction.

[0029] The tool according to the invention ensures its usefulness due to its combined geometrical and kinematic properties, and therefore does not have any of the problems and limitations mentioned above. When the tool according to the invention touches the workpiece with its periphery in a radial infeed movement during the cutting process, several inherent and carefully developed factors result in a defined deflection of the disk in both axial directions, but the cutting tool itself does not move axially in its center. This results in a widening of the cutting gap, which in this description is for example 10%. It is therefore conventionally determined that the cutting gap is 10% wider than the radially outer geometry of the cutting tool. In this 10% wider cutting gap, the grinding / polishing layer applied to the disk side surface takes effect and therefore does not take part in the cutting process. In any case, it has no effect in the radial direction and has no influence on the separation process itself. The material thickness of the grinding / polishing layer is precisely adapted to the resulting widening of the cutting gap. Thus, the need for wider cutting edges is eliminated, thanks to which the grinding / polishing elements can act during the radial cutting process, whereas for the functioning of the invention their involvement is currently found in the axial action, i.e. grinding / polishing.

[0030] This axial deflection of the disk, and therefore the widening of the cutting gap, is made possible by certain properties of the disk. The combination of material properties and geometric properties, such as the width of the disk, gives the cutting disk a certain flexibility. This flexibility allows the process forces occurring during the cutting process to bring about an axial deflection of the disk of up to about 5% of the disk width in both directions. In addition, the operating speed of the cutting disk has a value that corresponds to a multiple of one of the natural frequencies of the cutting disk. The cutting disk undergoes axial vibrations during operation, the amplitude of the vibrations being up to about 5% of the thickness of the disk. In addition, the cutting disk is not flat, but has impulses of up to about 10% of the width of the disk. These impulses additionally support the widening of the cutting gap. The power of these effects can be increased by a grinding / polishing layer that widens towards the center of the disk. This exploitation of the geometric and kinematic properties of the tool according to the invention that bring about an axial deflection makes it possible to dispense with a wide cutting edge. It is basically possible to consume the tool according to the invention radially up to the tool holder of the machine in operation. This results in a more efficient use of the tool and allows the use of wear-prone binding materials for the abrasive grains responsible for the cutting process. This allows for precise and efficient cutting. The described axial deflection of the tool according to the invention also results in the axial feeding of the abrasive / polishing layer applied to the cutting disk side to the cutting surface of the workpiece. This feeding ensures a clean grinding / polishing of the cutting surface, regardless of the degree of wear on the grinding and polishing surface. The grinding / polishing process of the cutting surface does not require any machine control, which allows for the axial feeding of the grinding / polishing elements to the cutting surface. The machine only needs to provide a radial feed.

[0031] The preferred thickening towards the centre of the flanks of the disc-shaped tool according to the invention has a supporting effect with respect to the axial movement of the grinding and polishing means towards the cutting surface to be treated. The thickening is preferably carried out in a single or multiple stages in order to keep the grinding and polishing surface parallel to the cutting surface of the separation cut. The thickening can be realised in one or more layers.

[0032] As a result of the forward movement in the radial working direction when performing the separation cut, the tool according to the invention penetrates into the workpiece, and as it penetrates, it brings the grinding and polishing surface into flat contact with at least one cutting surface of the workpiece.

[0033] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the tool according to the invention, in particular the cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, is provided with at least one channel along at least one side flank for improved removal of chips, flaked abrasive material and / or cooling lubricant.

[0034] In a further preferred embodiment, at least one grinding and polishing area present on at least one disk flank is designed without cooling channels.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the tool according to the invention, in particular the cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, the disc is provided with finer abrasive and polishing material towards the centre of the disc in order to bring into contact finer and finer abrasives as the depth of the tool increases within the workpiece and therefore to achieve the highest possible surface quality in one operation.

[0036] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the tool according to the invention, in particular the cutting-grinding-polishing disc, is equipped with an optical wear indicator for at least one grinding and polishing area. The at least one grinding and polishing area preferably consists of a number of layers, as shown in figures 2 to 5, the number of layers increasing towards the centre of the disc. The individual layers are marked with individual colour codes, which indicate wear both in the radial and axial directions. Based on the visible colour codes, it is possible to reliably determine the current degree of wear, and therefore also the remaining capacity, of the tool according to the invention, in particular of the cutting-grinding-polishing disc.

[0037] Another preferred embodiment provides a wear indicator to be designed in a single layer, so that the wear of the abrasive layer on the side of the plate surface reveals the underlying, cutting-carrying support layer, which is colored in a different color, and thus visually indicates the wear. This single abrasive layer on the side of the disk can also be segmented towards the center of the disk based on different grit sizes or simply with different colors. It is then possible to draw a conclusion about the state of wear when the radial wear reaches such a specific segment. Wear can therefore be visualized in the radial and axial directions.

[0038] In further preferred embodiments, other configurations of wear indicators are also envisaged, for example the use of acoustic or electronic signals. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0039] The drawings show: [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a side view of a disk flank with illustrations of the base body, cutting edge and grinding and abrasive elements of a tool according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disk. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a side view of a disc flank showing the grinding stage of a tool according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disc. [Diagram 3]FIG. 2 is a side view of a disc flank showing the layer structure of a tool according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disc. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a front view of the peripheral area of ​​a tool according to the invention, in particular with a depiction of the cutting edge of the cutting-grinding-abrasive disc and the stepped structure of the grinding and abrasive components. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a tool according to the present invention, specifically a cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, in a side view with depiction of color coding to indicate wear of the cutting, grinding, and abrasive components. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0040] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the figures listed above. Figure 1 shows in a side view a particularly preferred embodiment of a disc-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disc. A base body 2, preferably made of composite material, which, like commercially available cutting discs, already contains a cutting agent of defined grain size and therefore has a geometrically undefined cutting edge 5 on its peripheral area 3, is clearly shown. A fastening bore 7 is provided axially centrally in the base body 2 for fastening the disc-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, in a standardized tool holder of a stationary or mobile cutting and grinding machine.

[0041] In a particularly preferred embodiment, grinding and polishing surfaces 6 are applied on one side of the disk flank 4 of the base body 2. These grinding and polishing surfaces 6 allow the cutting surface of the workpiece to be simultaneously reworked for carrying out the separation cut. The separation cut is carried out in a radial working direction VR shown in Figures 2 and 4 by means of cutting edges 5 on the peripheral area 3 of the disk-shaped tool 1, in particular the cutting-grinding-polishing disk. The feed in the radial working direction VR can be performed manually or mechanically, depending on the design of the cutting or grinding machine used.

[0042] In a first particularly preferred embodiment, channels 8 for removing chips or coolant from the cutting, grinding and polishing areas are clearly shown. In a particularly preferred embodiment of a disc-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disc, the channels 8 run radially towards the outer circumferential area 3, along the disc flank 4. The channels 8 are preferably inclined with respect to the direction of rotation D in order to avoid or at least reduce blockage of the channels 8 during movement in the radial feed direction VR.

[0043] In a second particularly preferred embodiment, not shown here, the disc-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, is designed without channels 8 .

[0044] In a further particularly preferred embodiment, not shown here, the disc-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular the cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, is designed with a single layer of grinding / abrasive elements, with and without channels.

[0045] 2 shows a representation of the grinding stage of a disc-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, in a side view of the disc flank 4. The disc-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, is provided with a grinding and abrasive material on at least one disc flank 4. The grinding and abrasive material is finer, grained, roughened or designed to remove less material than the cutting edge 5, so that an intended improvement of the surface quality of the cut surface can be achieved.

[0046] In order to bring the grinding and polishing surface 6 of a disc-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, into engagement in the axial working direction VA shown in Fig. 4, the thickening of at least one flank 4 of the disc-shaped tool provided for engagement, preferably achieved by means of process-related vibrations of the tool 1, has an assisting effect in the embodiment shown. The thickening is preferably realised in single or multiple stages 40 in order to keep the grinding and polishing surface 6 parallel to the cutting surface of the separation cut. The movement in the axial working direction is amplified by vibrations of the disc-shaped tool 1, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, in the axial vibrations typical of the process.

[0047] A scale 40 is visible which defines the surface of the first grinding and polishing stage 10 and the surface of the second grinding and polishing stage 11. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the disc-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disc, the grain size or roughening of the cutting edge 5 is coarser than the grain size or roughening of the surfaces of the grinding and polishing stages 10, 11. The grain size or roughening of the surface of the second grinding and polishing stage 11 is particularly preferably finer than the grain size or roughening of the surface of the first grinding and polishing stage 10.

[0048] During the separation cut in the radial feed direction, the surface of the first grinding and polishing stage 10 first engages at least one cutting surface of the separation cut to rework said at least one cutting surface. By advancing the disc-shaped tool 1, in particular the separating-grinding-polishing disc, in the radial working direction VR, the surface of the second grinding and polishing stage 11 is also engaged to advance and complete the grinding and polishing process of at least one surface of the separation cut to the desired surface quality.

[0049] FIG. 2 shows the shaded areas of the first and second grinding and polishing stages, as well as the dotted surfaces 12 of the channels 8 that are not initially engaged in the grinding and polishing process, and the exposed areas of the base body 2, shown as white areas.

[0050] Further preferred embodiments of the disc-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular the cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, can be designed with a greater or even a smaller number of different grinding and abrasive stages.

[0051] FIG. 3 shows, in a side view of the disc flank 4, a representation of the layer structure of a particularly preferred embodiment of a disc-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disc.

[0052] In the particularly preferred embodiment shown, a total of three layers of abrasive and polishing agent 20, 21, 22 are applied in a sandpaper-like form to the base body 2 by gluing. Alternative embodiments of the disc-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disc, in which the structure of the abrasive and polishing agent layers 20, 21, 22 is realized in a different way, for example by means of spraying, are also conceivable.

[0053] The dotted area identifies a single layer 30 , the first abrasive layer 20 , that has been applied to the base body 2 .

[0054] The alternating solid and dotted line areas identify two layers 31 , a first abrasive layer 20 and a second abrasive layer 21 , that are applied to the base body 2 .

[0055] The solid line shaded area identifies the triple layer 32 consisting of three abrasive layers 20, 21, 22.

[0056] With the single layer 30, double layer 31, and triple layer 32 aligned parallel to the radial delivery direction VR, the increase in thickness of the grinding and abrasive layers from the single layer 30 to the double layer 31 to the triple layer 32 results in discernible steps 40.

[0057] The use of the disks leads to a deterioration of the grinding layers 20, 21, 22. Starting from the outer peripheral region 3, the radially outer layers are removed, revealing the respective underlying layers, so that the desired alignment of the grinding stages 1 and 2 10, 11 is maintained both in the axial and in the radial working direction until the disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular the cutting-grinding-abrasive disk, is worn out.

[0058] 4 shows a not-to-scale front view of a disk-shaped tool 1, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disk, according to the invention, with its peripheral area 3 with cutting edges 5 (not shown) and with its base body 2 with a structure of abrasive and polishing layers 20, 21, 22. The single layer 30, the double layer 31 and the triple layer 32 of the abrasive and polishing structure are clearly shown. The layers 30, 31, 32 are clearly separated from one another by a step 40.

[0059] The radial and axial delivery directions VR and VA are illustrated by arrows.

[0060] 5 shows an exploded view of a disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disk, in a side view of a particularly preferred embodiment, in particular with optical wear indicators for the cutting, grinding and abrasive components. The abrasive and abrasive layers are formed by segments coloured with different colours. The segments are arranged above and below one another and next to one another in the axial direction of the base body 2 in such a way that the progressive wear can be recognised and the remaining useful life can be determined by using the recognisable colour codes 41, 42, 43, 44.

[0061] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the grinding and polishing elements with color code 1 41 form the grinding and polishing layer closest to the base body on the surface of grinding and polishing stage 2 11, which is described in more detail in FIG. 2. The grinding and polishing elements with color code 1 41 are applied to the base body 2 in such a way that the gaps between the elements encourage the formation of channels 8 in said grinding and polishing layers 20, 21, 22. In the axial direction of the base body 2, the elements with color code 2 42 and color code 3 43 are arranged successively on the grinding and polishing elements with color code 1 41. The progressive wear of the surface of grinding and polishing stage 2 11 can therefore be read from color code 1 41, color code 2 42 and color code 3 43. If color code 1 41 is visible, the surface of grinding and polishing stage 2 is approaching its wear limit.

[0062] The color code 4 44 is provided to evaluate the surface of the grinding and polishing stage 1 10. If, for example, the usable surface of the grinding stage 1 is reduced due to radial wear of the base body 2 made of composite material, this reduction can be recognized and assessed by using the color code 4 44. Axial wear of the surface of the grinding stage 1 10 is recognized by the visibility of the color of the base body 2 instead of the color code 4 44.

[0063] In a particularly preferred embodiment of a disc-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-abrasive disc, the dimensions of the cutting, grinding and abrasive elements are adapted in such a way that they are as simultaneously interchangeable as possible. [Explanation of symbols]

[0064] List of reference symbols: 1 Disc-shaped tools, in particular cutting-grinding-abrasive discs 2 Base body 3 outer peripheral area 4 Disc Flank 5 Cutting edge 6 Grinding and Polishing Surfaces 7 Fastening openings, especially bores 8 Flow Path 10 Surface grinding and polishing stage 1 11 Surface grinding and polishing stage 2 12 Surface flow channel 20 First grinding and abrasive layer 21 Second grinding and abrasive layer 22 Third grinding and abrasive layer 30 Layer 31 Two Layers 32 Three Layers 40 stages 41 Color Code 1 42 Color Code 2 43 Color Code 3 44 Color Code 4 VR Radial release direction VA Axial direction of delivery D Direction of rotation

Claims

1. A disk-shaped separation tool for rotary (D) cutting of an elongated, stationary and clamped workpiece, the rotary (D) cutting being performed at least approximately in the direction of the clamped workpiece in a radial delivery (VR) of the separation tool relative to the axis of rotation, 1.1 a separation blade (5) made of abrasive grains in the radially outer peripheral area (3) of the separation tool; 1.2 two opposing disc flanks (4) in a radially inner region relative to said peripheral region (3); 1.3 a radially inner axial mounting opening (7); 1.4 The separating tool is formed as a separating-grinding-polishing disc (1) having a defined flexibility, 1.4.1 the separating tool is for rotary (D) cutting of the clamped workpiece at least approximately perpendicular to the radial delivery (VR) along the axis of rotation via the separating blades (5) arranged radially on the outside, 1.4.2 A disc-shaped separating tool, characterised in that the separating tool is for rotary grinding using the disc flanks (4) to which an abrasive and optionally an abrasive (6, 20, 21, 22) is at least partially applied.

2. 2. A disk-shaped separation tool according to claim 1, characterized in that it undergoes axial vibrations during operation.

3. 3. A disc-shaped separation tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a disc-shaped base body (2) made of a composite material with a synthetic resin matrix or a composite material which already contains a separating agent of defined particles.

4. at least one area with said separating blades (5) acting in a radial working direction (VR) and at least one grinding area acting in an axial working direction (VA), A disk-shaped separating tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a wear-bonded material of abrasive particles responsible for the separation is used as the separating blade (5), and radial wear is generally possible up to the tool holder of the machine during operation.

5. 5. A disc-shaped separation tool according to claim 4, wherein said at least one grinding area acting in an axial working direction (VA) comprises an abrasive (6).

6. A disk-shaped separation tool as described in any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the abrasive has finer grain or jaggedness or is designed to remove less material than the separation blade (5) and / or at least one of the two disk flanks (4) is thickened in one or more steps from radially outer to radially inner compared to the material thickness in the radially outer peripheral region (3).

7. 7. A disc-shaped separating tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, from the radially outer side to the radially inner side, firstly grinding areas are arranged and at least gradually towards the radially inner side or in the radially inner side, an abrasive surface is arranged on at least one of the disc flanks (4).

8. A disk-shaped separation tool according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that different geometrically indeterminate tool blades and / or different grain materials are arranged in the peripheral region (3) and on at least one of the disk flanks (4).

9. A disc-shaped separation tool according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one wear indicator (41-44).

10. 10. The disc-shaped separation tool of claim 9, wherein the wear indicators (41-44) visually indicate wear by appearing or becoming visible in different colors.

11. A radial separation method for machining an axially elongated workpiece using a disk-shaped separation tool with a geometrically indeterminate separation blade (5), comprising:

11. A radial separation method, characterized in that the separation method is performed by a disk-shaped separation tool according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and cutting and / or grinding of the clamped workpiece is performed during a single, strictly radial delivery movement of the separation tool.

12. 12. The radial separation method according to claim 11, characterized in that the lateral deflection of the axially stationary rotating separation tool brings the separation tool into effective axial contact with the workpiece to be processed by means of at least one laterally mounted grinding and / or polishing surface (6, 20, 21, 22) by grinding and / or polishing.

13. 13. A radial separation method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the combined geometrical and kinematic properties of the separation tool result in a lateral deflection of the separation tool as soon as the separation tool, rotating at the operating speed, touches the workpiece with its outer periphery (3) or its separation blades (5) in the radial delivery (VR).

14. A radial separation method according to claim 13, characterized in that the total amount of lateral deflection is about 10 percent of the width of the separating-grinding-abrasive disc (1).

15. A radial separation method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the operating speed of the separating-grinding-abrasive disc (1) has a value corresponding to a multiple of one of the natural frequencies of the separating-grinding-abrasive disc (1).

16. A method for radial separation according to any of claims 11 to 15, characterised in that a thickening of the disc flank (4) aids the axial engagement of the abrasive and any polishing agents (6, 20, 21, 22).

17. Method for radial separation according to any of claims 11 to 16, characterised in that a wear indicator (41-44) indicates the remaining utilization capacity.

18. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the wear indicator visually indicates wear by appearing or becoming visible in a different color.

Images