Classifier and Classifier Group

Abstract

To provide a classifier and a classifier group which has the plurality of classifiers.SOLUTION: In place of a conventional classifier, a classifier comprises: an exterior frame which includes a discharge tube inlet frame having a discharge tube inlet frame end being an end completely surrounding a frame structure, a discharge tube and a discharge opening along a virtual surface and being a frame conducting to the discharge tube in the wake flow of the discharge tube inlet frame end, and a classification tube collecting solid bodies separated from fluid; a classification filter being a plate-like filter which is brought into contact with the discharge tube inlet frame end and has one surface that covers the entire discharge opening; a mounting plate; a cradle which supports the mounting plate in a manner capable of freely moving by a prescribed stroke in the vertical direction so as to maintain such a posture that plate-like one surface of the classification filter is brought into contact with the discharge tube inlet frame end and covers the entire discharge opening; and an urging element which uses the cradle as a base and urges the mounting plate in any one of the upper direction and the lower direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a classifier for classifying solids mixed in a fluid, and to a classifier group having a plurality of such classifiers. [Background technology]

[0002] Classifiers are used to classify solids. For example, classifiers are used to separate solids contained in a fluid. For example, classifiers are used to separate solids entrained in an air stream. Also, a classifier group in which a plurality of classifiers are connected in series or in parallel is used.

[0003] For example, when a part of a desired shape is punched out of a metal plate by a press, residual chips are generated. The generated chips are transported to the desired location using an airflow transport system. The airflow conveying system is used to convey the chips from the press to a storage area. When the distance from the press to the chip storage area is long, multiple airflow conveying systems are installed along the way.

[0004] After transporting the swarf, the fluid is released to the atmosphere after removing any fine solids. Fluids containing small solids undergo multiple stages of classification before being released into the atmosphere. Finally, it is released to the atmosphere through a bag filter. For example, a fluid containing fine solids may be passed through an inertial force reversal classifier or a cyclone classifier, and finally released to the atmosphere through a bag filter. If a large amount of solids remain in the fluid that has passed through an inertial force reversal classifier or a cyclone classifier, work to unclog the bag filters is frequently required.

[0005] Therefore, after performing multiple stages of classification, it is desirable to further remove solids from the solids mixed in the fluid. To do so, a classification filter may be used. A classification filter is a plate-shaped filter that passes a fluid and filters out solids of a certain size from the solids mixed in the fluid. When the classification filter becomes clogged, the trapped solids are removed from the classification filter. There is a demand for removing trapped solids from the classification filter without shutting down the operation. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In view of the above phenomenon, the present invention provides a classifier that can remove filtered solids from a classification filter with a simple configuration without stopping operation, and a classifier group having a plurality of such classifiers. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a classifier for classifying solids mixed in a fluid, the classifier comprising an exterior frame having a frame structure surrounding a hollow space with an inner wall, an inlet pipe for introducing a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe for discharging the fluid from the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is a frame that is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and has a discharge pipe inlet frame end which is an end that completely surrounds the discharge opening along an imaginary plane and is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid, and a classifier which allows the fluid to pass through and separates a certain size of solids mixed in the fluid. The classification filter is a plate-shaped filter that filters out solids of various sizes and has one side that abuts against the discharge pipe inlet frame end and covers the entire discharge opening; a mounting plate that supports the classification filter; a stand that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so that the mounting plate can move freely in the vertical direction by a predetermined stroke so that the plate-shaped one side of the classification filter abuts against the discharge pipe inlet frame end and maintains a position that covers the entire discharge opening; and a biasing element that uses the stand as a base and biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction, and the imaginary surface is located in the hollow space and has one side facing the discharge pipe.

[0008] According to the above-mentioned configuration of the present invention, the exterior frame includes a frame structure that is surrounded by an inner wall to form a hollow space, an inlet pipe that introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe that discharges the fluid from the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame that is a frame that is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge pipe inlet frame end that is an end that completely surrounds a discharge opening that is an opening toward the hollow space along a virtual plane and is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe that collects solids separated from the fluid. The classification filter is a plate-shaped filter that passes a fluid, filters solids of a certain size from solids mixed in the fluid, and abuts against the discharge pipe inlet frame end and has one side that can cover the entire discharge opening. The mounting plate supports the classification filter. The stand is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so that it can be moved up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped side of the classification filter abuts against the discharge pipe inlet frame end and maintains a position that covers the entire discharge opening. The biasing element biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base. The imaginary surface is located in the hollow space and has one surface facing the exhaust pipe. As a result, the fluid is introduced into the hollow space from the inlet pipe, passes through the classification filter which abuts against the end of the discharge pipe inlet frame and covers the entire discharge opening, and is discharged from the discharge pipe, and solids mixed in the fluid are filtered out by the classification filter and fall down, and are collected in the classification pipe.

[0009] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention includes any one of the following embodiments or a combination of two or more of the following embodiments.

[0010] The classifier according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a knocker, which is a tool capable of striking the mounting plate in the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element. According to the configuration of the above embodiment, the knocker is a tool that can strike the mounting plate in the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element. As a result, the solid matter filtered into the classification filter supported by the striking mounting plate is more likely to fall.

[0011] In the classifier according to the embodiment of the present invention, the imaginary plane is an imaginary plane located in the hollow space, one side of which faces the discharge pipe and extends vertically in the direction in which gravity acts. According to the configuration of the above embodiment, the imaginary plane is an imaginary plane located in the hollow space, one side of which faces the exhaust pipe and extends vertically in the direction in which gravity acts. As a result, the solids filtered through the classification filter tend to fall by gravity.

[0012] In the classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention, the imaginary plane is located in the hollow space, one side of which faces the discharge pipe and extends vertically at a predetermined angle along the direction in which gravity acts. With the configuration of the above embodiment, the imaginary plane is located in the hollow space, has one side facing the exhaust pipe, and is an imaginary plane extending in the vertical direction at a predetermined angle inclined along the direction in which gravity acts. As a result, the solids filtered through the classification filter tend to fall by gravity.

[0013] The classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention is a virtual plane that is located in the hollow space, with one side facing the discharge pipe and extending in the vertical direction at a slope approaching the discharge pipe as it moves from top to bottom at a predetermined angle along the direction of gravity. With the configuration of the above embodiment, the virtual plane is located in the hollow space, with one side facing the exhaust pipe, and is a virtual plane that extends in the vertical direction, inclining so as to approach the exhaust pipe as it moves from top to bottom at a predetermined angle along the direction of gravity. As a result, the solids filtered through the classification filter tend to fall by gravity.

[0014] In the classifier of an embodiment of the present invention, the classification filter has a main part that abuts one side against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and covers the entire exhaust opening when the knocker strikes the mounting plate and the mounting plate supported by the frame moves vertically. With the configuration of the above embodiment, the classification filter has one side that abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and has a main part that covers the entire exhaust opening when the knocker strikes the mounting plate and the mounting plate supported by the frame moves vertically. As a result, even if the knocker strikes the mounting plate and the classification filter moves, solids can be prevented from slipping through the contact surface between the classification filter and the discharge pipe inlet frame end and entering the discharge pipe.

[0015] In the classifier of an embodiment of the present invention, the classification filter has a main part where one side abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and covers the entire exhaust opening, and an L-shaped part bent below the main part toward the downstream side of the exhaust pipe. With the configuration of the above embodiment, the classification filter has a main part that abuts one side against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end and covers the entire exhaust opening, and an L-shaped part that bends below the main part toward the downstream side of the exhaust pipe. As a result, even if the knocker strikes the mounting plate and the classification filter moves, solids can be prevented from slipping through the contact surface between the classification filter and the end of the discharge pipe inlet frame and entering the discharge pipe.

[0016] In the classifier according to the embodiment of the present invention, one of a guide rod and a guide pipe for guiding the guide rod is provided on the frame, and the other of the guide rod and the guide pipe is provided on the mounting plate, The guide rod extending in the vertical direction fits into a hole in the guide pipe, and the mounting plate is loosely supported on the base so as to be movable in the vertical direction. According to the configuration of the above embodiment, one of the guide rod and the guide pipe for guiding the guide rod is provided on the base. The other of the guide rod and the guide pipe is provided on the mounting plate. The guide rod extending in the vertical direction fits into a hole in the guide pipe, and the mounting plate is loosely supported on the base so as to be movable in the vertical direction. As a result, the mounting plate is supported loosely on the mount so as to be movable vertically by the gap dimension between the diameter of the guide rod and the inner diameter of the guide pipe.

[0017] In a classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention, the stand has an upper stand arranged above the mounting plate and a lower stand arranged below the mounting plate, and the biasing element is a spring that applies an upward biasing force to the mounting plate based on the lower stand. According to the configuration of the above embodiment, the base has an upper base arranged above the mounting plate and a lower base arranged below the mounting plate, and the biasing element is a spring that biases the mounting plate upward with a biasing force based on the lower base. As a result, the mounting plate can be pressed upward by the biasing force of the biasing element.

[0018] In a classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention, the stand has an upper stand arranged above the mounting plate and a lower stand arranged below the mounting plate, and the biasing element is a spring that applies an upward biasing force to the mounting plate based on the lower stand, pressing it against the upper stand. According to the configuration of the above embodiment, the mount has an upper mount disposed above the mounting plate and a lower mount disposed below the mounting plate. The biasing element is a spring that biases the mounting plate upward with a biasing force based on the lower mount, pressing the mounting plate against the upper mount. As a result, the mounting plate can be pressed against the upper stand by the biasing force of the biasing element.

[0019] In the classifier according to the embodiment of the present invention, the knocker can strike the mounting plate along the acting direction of the biasing force of the biasing element in the opposite direction to the acting direction of the biasing force. With the configuration of the above embodiment, the knocker can strike the mounting plate in the direction opposite to the direction of action of the biasing force applied by the biasing element. As a result, when the knocker strikes the mounting plate, the classification filter can move in the acting direction against the biasing force.

[0020] The classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided with a boss which is a portion of the mounting plate that protrudes upward, and the knocker can strike the mounting plate via the boss in the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element. According to the configuration of the above embodiment, a boss is provided which is a portion of the mounting plate that protrudes upward. The knocker can strike the mounting plate via the boss in the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element. As a result, the mounting plate elastically deforms at the points where the bosses are provided, causing the classification filter to vibrate, and the solids filtered by the classification filter are shaken off.

[0021] In a classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention, the biasing element has an upward biasing element that biases the mounting plate upwardly based on the base, and a downward biasing element that biases the mounting plate downwardly, and the resultant force of the upward biasing force of the upward biasing element and the downward biasing force of the downward biasing element presses the mounting plate against the base. According to the configuration of the above embodiment, the biasing element has an upward biasing element that biases the mounting plate upward on the base and a downward biasing element that biases the mounting plate downward. The resultant force of the upward biasing force of the upward biasing element and the downward biasing force of the downward biasing element presses the mounting plate against the base. As a result, the mounting plate sandwiched between the upward biasing element and the downward biasing element moves up and down, and the solids filtered by the classification filter are shaken off.

[0022] The classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a positioning member that is based on the base and can position the mounting plate and the base when viewed from above when the mounting plate is urged in a direction in which the urging force of the urging element acts. With the configuration of the above embodiment, when the mounting plate is biased in the direction in which the biasing force of the biasing element acts on the mounting base, the positioning member can position the mounting plate and the mounting base when viewed from above. As a result, when the classification filter is not moving, the contact state between one surface of the classification filter and the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame is stable.

[0023] A classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a positioning member that is based on the base and can fix the relative position of the mounting plate and the base when viewed from above when the mounting plate is urged in the direction in which the urging force of the urging element acts, and the positioning member is a combination of two sets of positioning pins and positioning holes into which the positioning pins fit, one of the positioning pins and the positioning holes being provided on the mounting plate, and the other of the positioning pins and the positioning holes being provided on the base. According to the configuration of the above embodiment, the positioning member is a member that can fix the relative position of the mounting plate and the base when viewed from above when the mounting plate is biased in the direction in which the biasing force of the biasing element acts, with the base being the base. The positioning member is a combination of two sets of positioning pins and positioning holes into which the positioning pins fit. One of the positioning pins and the positioning holes is provided on the mounting plate. The other of the positioning pins and the positioning holes is provided on the base. As a result, when the classification filter is not struck, the contact state between one surface of the classification filter and the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame is stable.

[0024] In the classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention, when viewed from above, the striking position at which the knocker strikes the mounting plate and the biasing position at which the biasing element biases the mounting plate in the vertical direction are offset in a direction perpendicular to an imaginary plane. According to the configuration of the above embodiment, when viewed from above, the striking position where the knocker strikes the mounting plate and the urging position where the urging element urges the mounting plate in the up-down direction are shifted along a direction perpendicular to an imaginary plane. As a result, when the knocker strikes the mounting plate, a moment acts on the classification filter tending to rotate it depending on the degree of deviation between the striking position and the biasing position, making it easier for filtered solids to be sifted out of the classification filter.

[0025] The classifier according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a stopper that comes into contact with the mounting plate and prevents the mounting plate from moving further when the mounting plate moves a predetermined distance against the biasing force applied by the biasing element. With the configuration of the above embodiment, when the mounting plate moves a predetermined distance against the biasing force applied by the biasing element, a stopper comes into contact with the mounting plate and prevents the mounting plate from moving any further. As a result, when the knocker strikes the mounting plate, it hits the stopper and the classification filter vibrates more, causing the solid matter filtered by the classification filter to fall.

[0026] In the classifier group according to the embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned multiple classifiers are arranged in series from upstream to downstream of the fluid, and the discharge pipe of the upstream classifier is connected to the inlet pipe of the downstream classifier. According to the configuration of the embodiment, the classifiers are arranged in series from the upstream to the downstream of the fluid, and the discharge pipe of the upstream classifier is connected to the introduction pipe of the downstream classifier. As a result, the classification performance of each of the classification filters can be appropriately adjusted, thereby improving the efficiency of classification. Effect of the Invention

[0027] As described above, the classifier according to the present invention has the following effects due to its configuration. The frame structure surrounds the hollow space with an inner wall, the inlet pipe introduces a fluid into the hollow space, the discharge pipe discharges a fluid from the hollow space, the classification pipe collects solids from the hollow space, the end of the discharge pipe inlet frame connected to the discharge pipe completely surrounds the discharge opening that opens toward the hollow space along the imaginary plane located in the hollow space and one side facing the downstream side of the discharge pipe, and the frame has one plate-shaped side of the classification filter abutting against the end of the discharge pipe inlet frame and completely surrounding the discharge opening. The mounting plate that supports the classification filter is supported so as to be freely movable in the vertical direction by a predetermined stroke so as to maintain the posture of covering the body, and the biasing element is configured to bias the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base. Therefore, fluid is introduced from the inlet pipe into the hollow space, passes through the classification filter which abuts against the end of the discharge pipe inlet frame and covers the entire discharge opening, and is discharged from the discharge pipe, and solids mixed in the fluid are filtered by the classification filter and fall down, and are collected in the classification pipe. Since the knocker can strike the mounting plate in the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element, solids filtered into the classification filter supported by the struck mounting plate are more likely to fall. Since the imaginary surface is located in the hollow space and extends vertically along the direction in which gravity acts with one surface facing the discharge pipe, solids filtered by the classification filter tend to fall due to gravity. The virtual surface is located in the hollow space, with one side facing the discharge pipe and extending vertically at a predetermined angle along the direction of gravity, so that solids filtered by the classification filter tend to fall due to gravity. The virtual surface is located in the hollow space, with one side facing the discharge pipe and extending in the vertical direction at a slope approaching the discharge pipe as it moves from top to bottom at a predetermined angle along the direction of gravity, so that solids filtered by the classification filter tend to fall due to gravity. The main part of the classification filter is designed so that when the knocker strikes the mounting plate and the mounting plate supported by the frame moves vertically, one side abuts against the end of the discharge pipe inlet frame, covering the entire discharge opening. Therefore, even if the knocker strikes the mounting plate and the classification filter moves, solids can be prevented from slipping through the abutment surface between the classification filter and the end of the discharge pipe inlet frame and entering the discharge pipe. The main part of the classification filter abuts against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end to cover the entire exhaust opening, and the L-shaped part is bent below the main part to the downstream side of the exhaust pipe.Therefore, even if the knocker strikes the mounting plate and moves the classification filter, solids can be prevented from slipping through the abutment surface between the classification filter and the exhaust pipe inlet frame end to enter the exhaust pipe. The guide rod extending in the vertical direction fits into the hole of the guide pipe so that the mounting plate is loosely supported on the frame so as to be movable in the vertical direction, and the mounting plate is loosely supported on the frame so as to be movable in the vertical direction by the gap dimension between the diameter of the guide rod and the inner diameter of the guide pipe. The mount has an upper mount arranged above the mounting plate and a lower mount arranged below the mounting plate, and the biasing element is a spring that applies an upward biasing force to the mounting plate based on the lower mount, so that the mounting plate can be pressed upward by the biasing force of the biasing element. The biasing element applies an upward biasing force to the mounting plate based on the lower stand arranged below the mounting plate, pressing the mounting plate against the upper stand arranged above the mounting plate, so that the mounting plate can be pressed against the upper stand by the biasing force of the biasing element. The knocker is adapted to strike the mounting plate in the direction opposite to the direction of the biasing force applied by the biasing element, so that when the knocker strikes the mounting plate strongly, the classification filter can move in the direction of action against the biasing force. The knocker strikes the boss provided above the mounting plate, striking the mounting plate in the direction of the biasing force of the biasing element. As a result, the mounting plate elastically deforms at the point where the boss is provided, causing the classification filter to vibrate, and solids to be filtered by the classification filter are shaken off. The upward biasing element biases the mounting plate upward using the base as a base, and the downward biasing element biases the mounting plate downward, and the resultant force of the upward biasing force of the upward biasing element and the downward biasing force of the downward biasing element presses the mounting plate against the base. As a result, the mounting plate sandwiched between the upward biasing element and the downward biasing element moves in the vertical direction, and solids to be filtered by the classification filter are shaken off. The mounting plate and the stand are positioned when viewed from above when the mounting plate is urged in the direction in which the urging force of the urging element acts, using the stand as a base. Therefore, when the classification filter does not move, the abutment state between one side of the classification filter and the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame is stable. The mounting plate and the stand are positioned when viewed from above when the mounting plate is urged in the direction in which the urging force of the urging element acts, using the stand as a base. Therefore, when it is desired to strike the classification filter, the abutment state between one side of the classification filter and the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame is stabilized. When viewed from above, the striking position where the knocker strikes the mounting plate and the biasing position where the biasing element biases the mounting plate in the vertical direction are offset along a direction perpendicular to the imaginary plane. Therefore, when the knocker strikes the mounting plate, a moment acts on the classification filter to rotate it depending on the degree of deviation between the striking position and the biasing position, making it easier for the filtered solids to be sifted out of the classification filter. When the knocker strikes the mounting plate, if the mounting plate moves a predetermined distance against the biasing force acting on the biasing element, it strikes the mounting plate and prevents further movement. Therefore, when the knocker strikes the mounting plate and hits the stopper, the classification filter vibrates more, and the solids filtered by the classification filter fall down. The above-mentioned multiple classifiers are arranged in series from upstream to downstream of the fluid, and the exhaust pipe of the upstream classifier is connected to the inlet pipe of the downstream classifier, so that the classification performance of each classification filter can be appropriately adjusted to increase the classification efficiency. Therefore, it is possible to provide a classifier that can remove filtered solids from the classification filter with a simple configuration without stopping operation, and a classifier group having a plurality of such classifiers. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0028] [Figure 1] 1 is an overall view of an airflow transport system according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a partial front view of the classifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 5 is a partial front view of a classifier according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] FIG. 11 is a partial front view of a classifier according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 11 is a partial front view of a classifier according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 13 is a partial front view of a classifier according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 13 is a partial side view of a classifier according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 13 is a partial side view of a classifier according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 13 is a partial side view of a classifier according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a first example of operation of a classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of a second example of the operation of the classifier according to the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0029] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. First, an airflow transport system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall view of an airflow transport system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] The pneumatic conveying system according to the embodiment of the present invention is comprised of a solid generation source 20, a hopper 30, a chute 40, a conveying pipe 50, a pressure pipe system, a solid bucket 70, a classifier 80, and a bag filter 90.

[0031] The solid source 20 is a source that generates solids. For example, the solid source 20 is a chip generating source that generates chips. For example, the chip generating source is a press. In a press, a metal plate is punched with a die to create the desired product. The remaining part of the metal plate after the desired product is cut becomes scrap. A hopper 30 and a chute 40 are positioned below the mold. The chips are guided by the hopper 30 and fall into the chute 40 . The chips are carried by the air current through the downstream conveying pipe 50.

[0032] The hopper 30 is structured to receive solids from an upper portion and discharge them to a lower portion. For example, the hopper 30 is disposed below the solids source 20 . For example, the hopper 30 is provided in the middle of the airflow conveying system. In FIG. 1, a hopper 30 is shown disposed below the solids source 20 . FIG. 1 shows a hopper 30 provided in the middle of the pneumatic conveying system.

[0033] The chute 40 has an ejector structure that receives solids from the bottom of the hopper 30 at its inlet and discharges them from its outlet. The chute 40 is composed of a chute casing and an ejector nozzle. The chute casing is a casing having an interior space in which an intake and an exhaust are formed. The ejector nozzle is a mechanical element that is installed in the internal space of the chute casing and faces the nozzle tip toward the discharge port. When pressure is applied to the back of the ejector nozzle, it blows gas at increased speed from the tip of the nozzle into the shooter casing.

[0034] The transport pipe 50 is a pipe that is connected to the discharge port of the chute 40 and transports the solid 10 by entraining it in an air current. The conveying pipe 50 is a pipe through which an air current flows and conveys the solid 10 on the air current. For example, the conveying pipe 50 is a pipe that conveys chips by passing air through it. The upstream portion of the conveying pipe 50 is connected to the discharge outlet of the chute 40 . The chips are carried by the air current into the transport pipe 50. The conveying piping 50 is distributed between the solids source 20 and the solids bucket 70 and conveys the swarf from the solids source 20 to the solids bucket 70 . For example, the conveying pipe 50 is made up of a first conveying pipe, a second conveying pipe, . . . an Nth conveying pipe. A first conveying pipe 50 communicates between a chute 40 provided at the bottom of a hopper 30 connected to the bottom of the solid generation source 20 and the hopper 30 located downstream. The second to Nth conveying pipes 50 connect the chute provided below the hopper 30 to the hopper 30 located downstream.

[0035] The pressure piping system applies pressure to the back of the ejector nozzle. For example, a pressure line applies a rated pressure to the back of an ejector nozzle. The gas is blown into the chute casing at a flow rate corresponding to the pressure applied to the back of the nozzle tip of the ejector nozzle.

[0036] The solids bucket 70 is a container for collecting solids delivered by the pneumatic conveying system. For example, the solids bucket 70 is a container for collecting chips delivered by the pneumatic conveying system.

[0037] Classifier 80 removes solids from the conveying air stream. The gas from which solids have been removed by the classifier 80 is released to the atmosphere. For example, the gas from which solids have been removed by the classifier 80 passes through a bag filter 90 and is released to the atmosphere.

[0038] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the classifier according to the embodiment of the present invention. The classifier according to the embodiment of the present invention is a device that classifies solids mixed in a fluid. For example, a classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention is a device that classifies solids mixed in an airflow.

[0039] The classifier 80 according to the embodiment of the present invention is composed of an exterior frame 100 and a classification filter device 200. The classification filter device 200 is composed of a classification filter 210, a mounting plate 220, a stand 230, and a biasing element 240. The classifying filter device 200 may be comprised of a classifying filter 210 , a mounting plate 220 , a mount 230 , a biasing element 240 , and a knocker 250 . The classifying filter device 200 may be comprised of a classifying filter 210, a mounting plate 220, a mount 230, a biasing element 240, a knocker 250, and guide members 220g and 230g. The classification filter device 200 may be comprised of a classification filter 210, a mounting plate 220, a mount 230, a biasing element 240, a knocker 250, and positioning members 220b, 230b. The classifying filter device 200 may be comprised of a classifying filter 210, a mounting plate 220, a mount 230, a biasing element 240, a knocker 250, guide members 220g, 230g, and positioning members 220b, 230b. The classification filter device 200 may be composed of a classification filter 210, a mounting plate 220, a stand 230, a biasing element 240, a knocker 250, guide members 220g and 230g, positioning members 220b and 230b, and a stopper 260.

[0040] The exterior frame 100 is a structure that forms the exterior of the classifier, and is composed of a frame structure 110 , an inlet pipe 120 , a discharge pipe 130 , a discharge pipe inlet frame 140 , and a classifying pipe 150 .

[0041] The frame structure 110 is a structure that is enclosed by an inner wall to form a hollow space H. The frame structure 110 is a plate structure that is surrounded by an inner wall to form a hollow space H. For example, the hollow space H is cylindrical. For example, the hollow space H is in the shape of a rectangular prism. For example, the hollow space H is in the shape of a polygonal prism.

[0042] The introduction pipe 120 is a pipe that introduces a fluid into the hollow space H. The introducer 120 may be a reducing reducer, an expanding reducer, or a uniform diameter tube, as appropriate. The inlet pipe 120 may be connected to the hollow space H by passing through a side plate of the frame structure 110 .

[0043] The discharge pipe 130 is a pipe that allows the fluid to flow out of the hollow space H. The exhaust pipe 130 may be connected to the hollow space H at a location opposite to the location where the inlet pipe 120 is connected to the hollow space H. The discharge tube 130 may be a converging reducer, an expanding reducer, or a uniform diameter tube, as appropriate. The exhaust pipe 130 may pass through a side plate of the frame structure 110 and communicate with the hollow space H.

[0044] The exhaust pipe inlet frame 140 is fixed to the frame structure 110, has an exhaust pipe inlet frame end N, and is a frame that is connected to the exhaust pipe 130 downstream of the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N. The discharge pipe inlet frame 140 is fixed to the frame structure 110, has a discharge pipe inlet frame end N on the upstream side, and is connected to the discharge pipe 130 downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end N. The discharge pipe inlet frame end N is an end that completely surrounds the discharge opening O, which is an opening that opens toward the hollow space H, along an imaginary plane S. The end face formed by the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N is along the imaginary plane S. The end face formed by the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N may coincide with the imaginary plane S. The end face formed by the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N may completely coincide with the imaginary plane S. The size of the discharge opening O is ensured to be a size necessary for classification.

[0045] The imaginary surface S is located in the hollow space H and faces the exhaust pipe 130 . The imaginary surface S is located in the hollow space H and is an imaginary surface with one side facing the exhaust pipe 130. The imaginary surface S may be an imaginary surface that is located in the hollow space H and has one side facing the downstream side of the exhaust pipe 130. The imaginary surface S may be an imaginary plane located in the hollow space H, with one surface facing the exhaust pipe 130 and extending vertically along the direction in which gravity acts. The imaginary surface S may be an imaginary plane located in the hollow space H, with one surface facing the exhaust pipe 130 and extending in the vertical direction at a predetermined angle inclined along the direction in which gravity acts. The virtual surface S may be a virtual plane located in the hollow space H, with one side facing the exhaust pipe 130 and extending in the vertical direction, inclined so as to approach the side of the exhaust pipe 130 as it moves from top to bottom at a predetermined angle along the direction in which gravity acts.

[0046] The classifier tube 150 is a tube that collects solids that have been separated from the fluid. The classifying tube 150 may be a reducing reducer, an expanding reducer, or a uniform diameter tube as appropriate. The classifying tube 150 may pass through the underside of the frame structure 110 and communicate with the hollow space H. The classifying tube 150 may be connected to a cutter.

[0047] The classification filter 210 is a plate-shaped filter with one side that allows fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among the solids mixed in the fluid, and abuts against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N to cover the entire exhaust opening O. The classification filter 210 is a plate-shaped filter with one side that allows fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among the solids mixed in the fluid, and is shaped so that it can abut against the discharge pipe inlet frame end N and cover the entire discharge opening O. The classification filter 210 is a perforated plate (punched metal), a wire mesh, a nonwoven fabric, a porous material, or the like. The classification filter 210 is provided with holes and gaps having dimensions corresponding to the classification performance. The classification filter 210 may have a main portion 211 and an L-shaped portion 212 . The main portion 211 is a portion that abuts one side against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end portion N and can cover the entire exhaust opening. The L-shaped portion 212 is a portion that is bent below the main portion towards the exhaust pipe 130 .

[0048] The mounting plate 220 supports the classification filter 210 . The mounting plate 220 is a plate member that supports the classification filter 210 . The mounting plate 220 is fixed to the classification filter 210 . The mounting plate 220 may be bolted to the classifying filter 210 . The mounting plate 220 may be welded to the classification filter 210 . For example, the mounting plate 220 is fixed to the upper end of the classifying filter 210 and supports the classifying filter 210 . For example, the mounting plate 220 is fixed to the upper end, left and right ends of the classification filter 210 and supports the classification filter 210 . For example, the mounting plate 220 is fixed around the periphery of the classifying filter 210 to support the classifying filter 210 .

[0049] The stand 230 is fixed to the exterior frame 100 and has a structure for supporting the mounting plate 220 so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter 210 abuts against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening O. The stand 230 may be fixed to the exterior frame 100 and may be structured to support the mounting plate 220 so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter 210 abuts against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening O by a predetermined stroke in the vertical direction. The stand 230 may be fixed to the exterior frame 100 and may be structured to loosely support the mounting plate 220 so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter 210 abuts against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening O, allowing the mounting plate 220 to move freely in the vertical direction by a predetermined stroke. Here, "loosely supported" means "supported so as to be movable freely in all directions by a predetermined stroke when viewed from above."

[0050] The stand 230 may be composed of an upper stand 231 and a lower stand 232 . The upper stand 231 is a structure disposed above the mounting plate 220 . The lower stand 232 is a structure disposed below the mounting plate 220 . The upper stand 231 and the lower stand 232 are fixed to the exterior frame 100 .

[0051] The biasing element 240 is a mechanical element that biases the mounting plate 220 in either an upward or downward direction based on the base 230 . For example, the biasing element 240 biases the mounting plate 220 upwardly on the base 230 . For example, the biasing element 240 biases the mounting plate 220 downwardly with respect to the base 230 . The biasing element 240 may be a spring that applies an upward biasing force to the mounting plate 220 based on the lower platform 232 . The biasing element 240 may be a spring that applies an upward biasing force to the mounting plate 220 using the lower base 232 as a base to press it against the upper base 231. The spring may be a compression spring. The spring may be a compression helical spring. The spring may be an extension spring. The spring may be a tension helical spring. The spring may be an elastic body. The spring may be rubber.

[0052] The biasing element 240 may be composed of an upward biasing element 241 and a downward biasing element 242 . The upward biasing element 241 is a mechanical element that biases the mounting plate 220 upward using the base 230 as a base. The downward biasing element 242 is a mechanical element that biases the mounting plate 220 downward using the base 230 as a base. The resultant force of the upward biasing force of the upward biasing element 241 and the downward biasing force of the downward biasing element 242 may press the mounting plate 220 against the base 230 . The resultant force of the upward biasing force of the upward biasing element 241 and the downward biasing force of the downward biasing element 242 may press the mounting plate 220 against the upper stand 231 .

[0053] The guide member is a member that guides the mounting plate 220 so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke, using the base 230 as a base. The guide member may be composed of a guide rod 220g and a guide pipe 230g. The guide rod 220g is a rod-shaped member. The guide pipe 230g is a pipe-shaped member that guides the guide rod 220g. The rod-shaped member of the guide rod 220g is guided into the hollow portion of the pipe-shaped member of the guide pipe 230g. One of the guide rod 220g and the guide pipe 230g is provided on the stand. The other of the guide rod 220g and the guide pipe 230g is provided on the mounting plate. A guide rod extending in the vertical direction fits into a hole in the guide pipe, and the mounting plate 220 is loosely supported on the base 230 so as to be movable in the vertical direction.

[0054] The positioning member is a member that can fix the relative position of the mounting plate and the base when viewed from above when the mounting plate is biased in the direction in which the biasing force of the biasing element acts, using the base as a base. The positioning member may be a combination of a plurality of positioning pins 220b and positioning holes 230b into which the positioning pins 220b fit. The positioning member may be a combination of two sets of a positioning pin 220b and a positioning hole 230b into which the positioning pin 220b fits. Positioning pin 220b having a conical outer shape may be fitted into positioning hole 230b having a conical hole shape. One of the positioning pin 220b and the positioning hole 230b is provided in the mounting plate 220. The other of the positioning pin 220b and the positioning hole 230b is provided in the base 230.

[0055] The knocker 250 is a tool capable of striking the mounting plate 220 . The knocker 250 is a tool capable of striking the mounting plate 220 in the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element 240 . The knocker 250 is a tool capable of striking the mounting plate 220 in the direction opposite to the direction of the biasing force applied by the biasing element 240 . The knocker 250 may strike the mounting plate 220 at a predetermined timing. When the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220, the classifying filter 210 moves, one side of the classifying filter 210 hits the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N, and solids adhering to the classifying filter 210 are shaken off. When the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220, the classification filter 210 moves straight and one side of the classification filter 210 hits the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N, shaking off solids adhering to the classification filter 210. When the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220, the classification filter 210 swings, and one side of the classification filter 210 hits the discharge pipe inlet frame end N, shaking off solids adhering to the classification filter 210. When the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220, the classification filter 210 vibrates, one side of the classification filter 210 hits the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N, and solids adhering to the classification filter 210 are shaken off.

[0056] When viewed from above, striking position D where knocker 250 strikes mounting plate 220 and urging position F where urging element 240 urges mounting plate 220 in the vertical direction do not need to be shifted along a direction perpendicular to imaginary plane S. In this way, when the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220 in the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element, a linear force acts on the mounting plate 220 in the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element.

[0057] When viewed from above, the striking position D where the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220 and the biasing position F where the biasing element 240 biases the mounting plate 220 in the vertical direction may be shifted by a predetermined distance along a direction perpendicular to the imaginary plane S. In this manner, when the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220 in the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element, a linear force in the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element and a moment force corresponding to a predetermined distance act on the mounting plate 220.

[0058] When the mounting plate 220 moves a predetermined distance against the biasing force of the biasing element 240, the stopper 260 abuts against the mounting plate 220 and prevents further movement. The guide member may also serve as the stopper 260 . For example, when the knocker 260 strikes the mounting plate 220, if the mounting plate 220 moves a predetermined distance against the biasing force of the biasing element 240, the guide pipe 230g hits the mounting plate 220 and prevents it from moving any further. In this way, when the knocker 260 strikes the mounting plate 220, the mounting plate 220 hits the stopper 260, causing the classification filter 210 to vibrate more, and the solids filtered by the classification filter 210 are shaken off.

[0059] Hereinafter, classifiers according to first to eighth embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 is a partial front view of a classifier according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a partial front view of a classifier according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a partial front view of a classifier according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a partial front view of a classifier according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a partial side view of a classifier according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a partial side view of a classifier according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a partial side view of a classifier according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a partial side view of a classifier according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] First, a classifier according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 is a partial front view of the classifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] The classifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention is composed of an exterior frame 100 and a classification filter device 200. The exterior frame 100 is composed of a frame structure 110 , an inlet pipe 120 , a discharge pipe 130 , a discharge pipe inlet frame 140 , and a classification pipe 150 . The frame structure 110 is a structure that is enclosed by an inner wall to form a hollow space. The introduction pipe 120 is a pipe structure that introduces a fluid into the hollow space H. The exhaust pipe 130 is a pipe structure that allows the fluid to flow out of the hollow space H. The discharge pipe inlet frame 140 is a frame that is fixed to the frame structure, has a discharge pipe inlet frame end N that is an end that completely surrounds the discharge opening O, which is an opening that opens toward the hollow space H, along an imaginary plane S, and is connected to the discharge pipe 130 downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end N. The imaginary plane S is an imaginary plane located in the hollow space H, with one side facing the discharge pipe 130 and extending vertically along the direction in which gravity acts. The classifier tube 150 is a tube structure that collects solids that have been separated from the fluid. The classifying filter device 200 may be comprised of a classifying filter 210, a mounting plate 220, a mount 230, a biasing element 240, a knocker 250, and guide members 220g and 230g.

[0062] The classification filter 210 is a plate-shaped filter that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among the solids mixed in the fluid. The classification filter 210 is a plate-shaped filter with one side that allows fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among the solids mixed in the fluid, and abuts the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N to cover the entire exhaust opening O. The mounting plate 220 is a plate member that supports the classification filter 210 . The mounting plate 220 is composed of a mounting plate body 221 and a boss 222 . The boss 222 is provided on the mounting plate main body 221 and protrudes upward. The upper end of the boss 222 is located above the upper surface of the stand 230 . Boss 222 passes through a through hole provided in upper stand 231 , and the upper end of boss 222 is located above the top surface of upper stand 231 . The upper end of the classification filter 210 is fixed to the side of the mounting plate 220 . The stand 230 is fixed to the exterior frame 100 and loosely supports the mounting plate 220 so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter 210 abuts against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening O, allowing the mounting plate 220 to move freely in the vertical direction by a predetermined stroke. The stand 230 is composed of an upper stand 231 and a lower stand 232 . The biasing element 240 is a pair of compression springs that apply a biasing force in an upward direction to the mounting plate main body 221 using the lower base 232 as a base, thereby pressing the mounting plate main body 221 against the upper base 231. The knocker 250 can strike the mounting plate 220 via the boss 222 in the direction opposite to the direction of action of the biasing force applied by the biasing element 240 . When viewed from above, a striking position D where the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220 and a biasing position F where the biasing element 240 biases the mounting plate 220 in the vertical direction are shifted by a predetermined distance along a direction parallel to the imaginary plane S. When viewed from the side, a striking position D where the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220 and a biasing position F where the biasing element 240 biases the mounting plate 220 in the vertical direction may appear to overlap. When viewed from the side, the striking position D where the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220 and the biasing position F where the biasing element 240 biases the mounting plate 220 in the vertical direction may be shifted by a predetermined distance along a direction perpendicular to the imaginary plane S.

[0063] Next, a classifier according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 4 is a partial front view of the classifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] The classifier according to the second embodiment of the present invention is composed of an exterior frame 100 and a classifying filter device 200. The structure of the exterior frame is the same as that described above, so a description thereof will be omitted. The classifying filter device 200 may be comprised of a classifying filter 210, a mounting plate 220, a mount 230, a biasing element 240, a knocker 250, guide members 220g, 230g, and positioning members 220b, 230b.

[0065] The configurations of the classification filter 210, the mounting plate 220, the stand 230, the biasing element 240, the knocker 250, and the guide members 220g, 230g are the same as those of the classifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and therefore will not be described. The positioning members 220b, 230b are members that can position the mounting plate and the base when viewed from above when the mounting plate is biased in the direction in which the biasing force of the biasing element acts, using the base as a base. The positioning member is a combination of two sets of positioning pins 220b and positioning holes 230b into which the positioning pins 220b fit. Two positioning pins 220b are fixed to the upper part of the mounting plate body 221. The positioning pin 220b is a pin having a tapered outer shape with a diameter that decreases toward the top. Two positioning holes 230b are provided in the upper stand 231. The positioning hole 230b is a hole having a tapered inner diameter that becomes smaller toward the top. When the positioning pin 220b fits into the positioning hole 230b, one surface of the classification filter 210 abuts against the discharge pipe inlet frame end portion N, covering the entire discharge opening O.

[0066] Next, a classifier according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 5 is a partial front view of a classifier according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] The classifier according to the third embodiment of the present invention is composed of an exterior frame 100 and a classification filter device 200. The structure of the exterior frame is the same as that described above, so a description thereof will be omitted. The classifying filter device 200 may be comprised of a classifying filter 210, a mounting plate 220, a mount 230, a biasing element 240, a knocker 250, guide members 220g, 230g, and positioning members 220b, 230b.

[0068] The configurations of the classification filter 210, the mounting plate 220, the stand 230, the biasing element 240, the knocker 250, and the guide members 220g, 230g are the same as those of the classifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and therefore will not be described. The positioning members 220b, 230b are members that can fix the relative positions of the mounting plate 220 and the base 230 as viewed from above when the mounting plate 220 is biased in the direction in which the biasing force of the biasing element acts, using the base 230 as a base. The positioning members are two sets of combinations of positioning pins 220b and positioning holes 230b into which the positioning pins 220b fit. Two positioning pins 220b are fixed to a guide rod 220g. Two positioning holes 230b are provided in the lower stand 232. When the positioning pin 220b fits into the positioning hole 230b, one surface of the classification filter 210 abuts against the discharge pipe inlet frame end portion N, covering the entire discharge opening O.

[0069] Next, a classifier according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 6 is a partial front view of a classifier according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] The classifier according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is composed of an exterior frame 100 and a classification filter device 200. The structure of the exterior frame is the same as that described above, so a description thereof will be omitted. The classifying filter device 200 may be comprised of a classifying filter 210, a mounting plate 220, a mount 230, a biasing element 240, a knocker 250, guide members 220g, 230g, and positioning members 220b, 230b.

[0071] The configurations of the classification filter 210, the mounting plate 220, the stand 230, the knocker 250, and the guide members 220g and 230g are the same as those of the classifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted. The biasing element 240 has an upward biasing element 241 and a downward biasing element 242. The upward biasing element 241 biases the mounting plate 220 upward with the base 230 as a base. For example, the upward biasing element 241 biases the mounting plate 220 upwardly based on the lower base 232 . The downward biasing element 242 biases the mounting plate 220 downward via the guide rod 220g, with the lower stand 232 as a base. The resultant force of the upward biasing force of the upward biasing element 241 and the downward biasing force of the downward biasing element 242 presses the mounting plate 220 against the base 230. For example, the resultant force of the upward biasing force of the upward biasing element 241 and the downward biasing force of the downward biasing element 242 presses the mounting plate main body 221 against the upper stand 231.

[0072] Next, a classifier according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 7 is a partial front view of a classifier according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] The classifier according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is composed of an exterior frame 100 and a classification filter device 200. The structure of the exterior frame is the same as that described above, so a description thereof will be omitted. The classification filter device 200 may be composed of a classification filter 210, a mounting plate 220, a stand 230, a biasing element 240, a knocker 250, guide members 220g and 230g, positioning members 220b and 230b, and a stopper 250.

[0074] The configurations of the classification filter 210, mounting plate 220, stand 230, biasing element 240, knocker 250, guide members 220g, 230g, and positioning members 220b, 230b are the same as those of the classifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and therefore will not be described. The stopper 250 is a member that comes into contact with the mounting plate 220 when the mounting plate 220 moves a predetermined distance against the biasing force applied by the biasing element 240, thereby preventing the mounting plate 220 from moving any further. When the knocker 240 strikes the mounting plate 220, if the mounting plate 220 moves a predetermined distance against the biasing force of the biasing element 240, the stopper 250 hits the mounting plate 220 and prevents it from moving any further. The stopper 250 may be a block supported by the lower platform 232 . The guide pipe 230 g may also serve as the stopper 250 .

[0075] Next, a classifier according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 8 is a partial side view of a classifier according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

[0076] The classifier according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention is composed of an exterior frame 100 and a classification filter device 200. The structure of the exterior frame is the same as that described above, so a description thereof will be omitted. The classifying filter device 200 may be comprised of a classifying filter 210, a mounting plate 220, a mount 230, a biasing element 240, a knocker 250, and guide members 220g and 230g. An imaginary plane S is located in the hollow space H, and is an imaginary plane that has one side facing the discharge pipe 130 and extends vertically along the direction in which gravity acts. The imaginary plane S may be a plane located in the hollow space H, with one side facing the exhaust pipe 130 and extending in the vertical direction at a predetermined angle along the direction of gravity. The virtual surface S may be a virtual plane located in the hollow space H, with one side facing the exhaust pipe 130 and extending in the vertical direction at a slope approaching the exhaust pipe as it moves from top to bottom at a predetermined angle along the direction in which gravity acts. The imaginary plane S may be composed of an upper plane which is a virtual plane located in the hollow space H and extending parallel to the direction in which gravity acts toward the exhaust pipe 130, and a lower plane which is a virtual plane which is bent and connected to the upper plane, and which extends in the vertical direction at an angle approaching the exhaust pipe 130 as it moves from top to bottom along the direction in which gravity acts by a predetermined angle.

[0077] The classification filter 210 is a plate-shaped filter with one side that allows fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among the solids mixed in the fluid, and abuts against the discharge pipe inlet frame end N to cover the entire discharge opening O. The classification filter 210 has a main portion 211 and an L-shaped portion 212 . The main portion 211 is a portion that abuts against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end portion N on one side and can cover the exhaust opening O entirely. When viewed horizontally along an imaginary plane, one side of the main part 211 is composed of an upper side that is parallel to the direction in which gravity acts, and a lower side that is bent and connected to the upper side and inclined so as to approach the exhaust pipe as one moves from top to bottom along the direction in which gravity acts. The L-shaped portion 212 is a portion that bends below the main portion towards the downstream side of the exhaust pipe. The mounting plate 220 is a plate member that supports the classification filter 210 . The mounting plate 220 is composed of a mounting plate body 221 and a boss 222 . The boss 222 is provided on the mounting plate main body 221 and protrudes upward. The upper end of the boss 222 is located above the upper surface of the stand. The upper end of the classification filter 210 is fixed to the side of the mounting plate 220 . The stand 230 is fixed to the exterior frame and loosely supports the mounting plate 220 so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter 210 abuts against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening O, allowing the mounting plate 220 to move freely in the vertical direction by a predetermined stroke. The stand 230 is composed of an upper stand 231 and a lower stand 232 . The biasing element 240 is a pair of compression springs that apply a biasing force in an upward direction to the mounting plate main body 221 using the lower base 232 as a base, thereby pressing the mounting plate main body 221 against the upper base 231. The knocker 250 can strike the boss 222 and strike the mounting plate 220 in the direction opposite to the direction of the biasing force applied by the biasing element 240 along the direction of action of the biasing force. When viewed from above, a striking position D where the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate and a biasing position F where the biasing element 240 biases the mounting plate 220 in the vertical direction are shifted by a predetermined distance along a direction parallel to the imaginary plane S. When viewed from the side, a striking position D where the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220 and a biasing position F where the biasing element 240 biases the mounting plate 220 in the vertical direction coincide along a direction perpendicular to the imaginary plane S.

[0078] Next, a classifier according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 9 is a partial side view of a classifier according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

[0079] The classifier according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention is composed of an exterior frame 100 and a classification filter device 200. The structure of the exterior frame 100 is the same as that described above, so a description thereof will be omitted.

[0080] The classifying filter device 200 may be comprised of a classifying filter 210, a mounting plate 220, a mount 230, a biasing element 240, a knocker 250, and guide members 220g and 230g. An imaginary plane S is located in the hollow space H, and is an imaginary plane that faces one side toward the discharge pipe 130 and extends vertically parallel to the direction in which gravity acts.

[0081] The classification filter 210 is a plate-shaped filter with one side that allows fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among the solids mixed in the fluid, and abuts the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N to cover the entire exhaust opening O. The classification filter 210 has a main portion 211 . The main portion 211 is a portion that abuts against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end portion N on one side and can cover the exhaust opening O entirely. When viewed horizontally along an imaginary plane, one side of the main portion 211 is composed of portions that are parallel to the direction in which gravity acts. The mounting plate 220 is a plate member that supports the classification filter 210 . The mounting plate 220 is composed of a mounting plate body 221 and a boss 222 . The boss 222 is provided on the mounting plate main body 221 and protrudes upward. The upper end of the boss 222 is located above the upper surface of the stand 230 . The upper end of the classification filter 210 is fixed to the side of the mounting plate 220 . The stand 230 is fixed to the exterior frame and loosely supports the mounting plate 220 so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter 210 abuts against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening O, allowing the mounting plate 220 to move freely in the vertical direction by a predetermined stroke. The stand 230 is composed of an upper stand 231 and a lower stand 232 . The biasing element 240 is a pair of compression springs that apply a biasing force in an upward direction to the mounting plate main body 221 using the lower base 232 as a base, thereby pressing the mounting plate main body 221 against the upper base 231. The knocker 250 can strike the boss 222 and strike the mounting plate 220 in the direction opposite to the direction of the biasing force applied by the biasing element 240 along the direction of action of the biasing force. When viewed from above, a striking position D where the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate and a biasing position F where the biasing element 240 biases the mounting plate 220 in the vertical direction are shifted by a predetermined distance along a direction parallel to the imaginary plane S. When viewed from the side, a striking position D where the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate and a biasing position F where the biasing element 240 biases the mounting plate 220 in the vertical direction coincide along a direction perpendicular to the imaginary plane S.

[0082] Next, a classifier according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 10 is a partial side view of a classifier according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

[0083] The classifier according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention is composed of an exterior frame 100 and a classification filter device 200. The structure of the exterior frame 100 is the same as that described above, so a description thereof will be omitted. The classifying filter device 200 may be comprised of a classifying filter 210, a mounting plate 220, a mount 230, a biasing element 240, a knocker 250, and guide members 220g and 230g. An imaginary plane S is located in the hollow space H, and is an imaginary plane that has one side facing the discharge pipe 130 and extends vertically along the direction in which gravity acts. The imaginary plane S may be a plane located in the hollow space H, with one side facing the exhaust pipe 130 and extending in the vertical direction at a predetermined angle along the direction of gravity. The virtual surface S may be a virtual plane located in the hollow space H, with one side facing the exhaust pipe 130 and extending in the vertical direction at a slope approaching the exhaust pipe as it moves from top to bottom at a predetermined angle along the direction in which gravity acts. The imaginary plane S may be a virtual plane composed of an upper plane which is a virtual plane located in the hollow space H and which faces one side toward the exhaust pipe 130 and extends in the vertical direction along the direction of gravity, and a lower plane which faces the other side toward the exhaust pipe 130 and extends in the vertical direction at an angle approaching the exhaust pipe as it moves from top to bottom along the direction of gravity at a predetermined angle.

[0084] The classification filter 210 is a plate-shaped filter with one side that allows fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among the solids mixed in the fluid, and abuts the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N to cover the entire exhaust opening O. The classification filter 210 has a main portion 211 and an L-shaped portion 212 . The main portion 211 is a portion that abuts against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end portion N on one side and can cover the exhaust opening O entirely. When viewed horizontally along imaginary plane S, one side of main portion 211 is composed of an upper portion that is parallel to the direction of gravity and a lower portion that slopes downward along the direction of gravity so as to approach the exhaust pipe. The mounting plate 220 is a plate member that supports the classification filter 210 . The mounting plate 220 is composed of a mounting plate body 221 and a boss 222 . The boss 222 is provided on the mounting plate main body 221 and protrudes upward. The upper end of the boss 222 is located above the upper surface of the stand. The upper end of the classification filter 210 is fixed to the side of the mounting plate 220 . The stand 230 is fixed to the exterior frame 100 and loosely supports the mounting plate 220 so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter 210 abuts against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening O, allowing the mounting plate 220 to move freely in the vertical direction by a predetermined stroke. The stand 230 is composed of an upper stand 231 and a lower stand 232 . The biasing element 240 is a pair of compression springs that apply a biasing force in an upward direction to the mounting plate main body 221 using the lower base 232 as a base, thereby pressing the mounting plate main body 221 against the upper base 231. The knocker 250 can strike the boss 222 and strike the mounting plate 220 in the direction opposite to the direction of the biasing force applied by the biasing element 240 along the direction of action of the biasing force. When viewed from above, a striking position D where the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate and a biasing position F where the biasing element 240 biases the mounting plate 220 in the vertical direction are shifted by a predetermined distance along a direction parallel to the imaginary plane S. When viewed from the side, a striking position D where the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate and a biasing position F where the biasing element 240 biases the mounting plate 220 in the vertical direction are shifted by a predetermined distance along a direction perpendicular to the imaginary plane S.

[0085] Next, a method of operating the classifier according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of a first example of the operation of the classifier according to the embodiment of the present invention. The classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention is placed upstream of the bag filter 330 . The discharge pipe 130 of the classifier is connected to the inlet of the bag filter 300 . A suction blower 95 draws air from the exhaust port of the bag filter 90 . Gas mixed with solids enters the hollow space H enclosed by the inner wall of the framework 110 via an inlet pipe 120 . The classification filter 210 classifies solids mixed in the gas. The filtered solids stick to the surface of the classifying filter 210 and fall downward by gravity, with some of the solids remaining on the surface of the classifying filter 210. The gas that has passed through the classification filter 210 is guided to the bag filter 90. The gas that passes through the bag filter 90 is released into the atmosphere by a suction blower. The knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220 at a predetermined timing. The mounting plate 220 and the classifying filter 210 vibrate, and solids remaining on the surface of the classifying filter 210 fall downward by gravity. The fallen solids pass through the classifier tube 150 and exit the hollow space H.

[0086] Next, a method of operating the classifier according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram of a second example of the operation of the classifier according to the embodiment of the present invention. A plurality of classifiers are arranged in series along the fluid flow from upstream to downstream, and the discharge pipe of the upstream classifier is connected to the inlet pipe of the downstream classifier. The classification performance of the classification filter of the classifier differs from upstream to downstream. As one moves from upstream to downstream, the classification filter of the classifier has classification performance capable of filtering out small solids.

[0087] As described above, the use of the classifier according to the embodiment of the present invention has the following effects. The frame structure 110 surrounds a hollow space H with an inner wall, the inlet pipe 120 introduces a fluid into the hollow space H, the discharge pipe 130 discharges the fluid from the hollow space H, the classifying pipe 150 collects solids from the hollow space H, the discharge pipe inlet frame end N of the discharge pipe inlet frame 140 connected to the discharge pipe 130 completely surrounds a discharge opening O opened toward the hollow space H along an imaginary plane S located in the hollow space H and one side facing the downstream of the discharge pipe 130, and the frame 230 is in a position where one plate-shaped side of the classifying filter 210 abuts against the discharge pipe inlet frame end N to cover the entire discharge opening O. The mounting plate 220 supporting the classification filter 210 is loosely supported so as to be movable vertically a predetermined stroke so as to maintain the fluid in position, and a biasing element 240 is configured to bias the mounting plate 220 in either an upward or downward direction based on the base 230.As a result, the fluid is introduced from the inlet pipe 120 into the hollow space H, passes through the classification filter 210 which abuts against the discharge pipe inlet frame end N of the discharge pipe inlet frame 140 and covers the entire discharge opening O, and is discharged from the discharge pipe 130, and solids mixed in the fluid are filtered by the classification filter 210 and fall, and are collected in the classification pipe 150. Since the knocker 250 can strike the mounting plate 220 in the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element 240, the solid filtered into the classification filter 210 supported by the struck mounting plate 220 is more likely to fall. Since the imaginary surface S is located in the hollow space H and one surface faces the discharge pipe 130 and extends vertically along the direction in which gravity acts, solids filtered by the classification filter 210 tend to fall due to gravity. The imaginary surface S is located in the hollow space H, one side of which faces the discharge pipe 130 and extends vertically at a predetermined angle along the direction in which gravity acts, so that solids filtered by the classification filter 210 tend to fall due to gravity. The imaginary surface S is located in the hollow space H, one side of which faces the discharge pipe 130 and extends in the vertical direction at a slant approaching the discharge pipe 130 as it moves downward at a predetermined angle along the direction in which gravity acts, so that solids filtered by the classification filter 210 tend to fall due to gravity. When the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate and the mounting plate 220 supported by the frame 230 moves up and down, one side of the main part 211 of the classification filter 210 abuts against the discharge pipe inlet frame end N, covering the entire discharge opening O. Therefore, even if the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220 and the classification filter 210 moves, solids can be prevented from slipping through the abutment surface between the classification filter 210 and the discharge pipe inlet frame end N and entering the discharge pipe 130. One side of the main part 211 of the classification filter 210 abuts against the discharge pipe inlet frame end N, covering the entire discharge opening O, and the L-shaped portion 212 is bent below the main part 211 toward the downstream side of the discharge pipe 130. Therefore, even if the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220 and moves the classification filter, solids can be prevented from slipping through the abutment surface between the classification filter 210 and the discharge pipe inlet frame end N and entering the discharge pipe 130. The guide rods 220g extending in the vertical direction fit into the holes of the guide pipes 230g so that the mounting plate 220 is loosely supported on the base 230 so as to be movable in the vertical direction, and the mounting plate 220 is loosely supported on the base 230 so as to be movable in the vertical direction by the gap dimension between the diameter of the guide rods 220g and the inner diameter of the guide pipes 230g. The stand 230 has an upper stand 231 arranged above the mounting plate 220 and a lower stand 232 arranged below the mounting plate 220, and the biasing element 240 is a spring that biases the mounting plate 220 upward with a biasing force based on the lower stand 232, so that the mounting plate 220 can be pressed upward by the biasing force of the biasing element 240. The biasing element 240 biases the mounting plate 220 upward with a biasing force based on the lower stand 232 arranged below the mounting plate 220, and presses the mounting plate 220 against the upper stand 231 arranged above the mounting plate 220, so that the mounting plate 220 can be pressed against the upper stand 231 by the biasing force of the biasing element 240. Since the knocker 250 can strike the mounting plate 220 in the direction opposite to the direction of action of the urging force applied by the urging element 240, when the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220, the classification filter 210 can move in the direction of action against the urging force. The knocker 250 strikes the boss 222 provided on the upper part of the mounting plate 220, and is designed to strike the mounting plate 220 in the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element 240. Therefore, the mounting plate 220 elastically deforms at the point where the boss 222 is provided, causing the classification filter 210 to vibrate, and the solids filtered by the classification filter 210 are shaken off. The upward biasing element 241 biases the mounting plate 220 upward using the base 230 as a base, and the downward biasing element 242 biases the mounting plate 220 downward, and the resultant force of the upward biasing force of the upward biasing element 241 and the downward biasing force of the downward biasing element 242 presses the mounting plate 220 against the base 230. As a result, the mounting plate 220 sandwiched between the upward biasing element 241 and the downward biasing element 242 moves in the vertical direction, and solids to be filtered by the classification filter 210 are shaken off. When the mounting plate 220 is biased in the direction in which the biasing force of the biasing element 240 acts on the base 230, the mounting plate 220 and the base 230 can be positioned as viewed from above. Therefore, when the classification filter 210 does not move, the abutment state between one side of the classification filter 210 and the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N is stable. When the classifying filter 210 does not move, the state in which one surface of the classifying filter 210 abuts against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end N is stable. When viewed from above, striking position D at which knocker 250 strikes mounting plate 220 and biasing position F at which biasing element 240 biases mounting plate 220 in the vertical direction are offset by a predetermined distance along a direction perpendicular to imaginary plane S. Therefore, when knocker 250 strikes mounting plate 220, a moment acts on classification filter 210 to rotate it depending on the degree of offset between striking position D and biasing position F, making it easier for filtered solids to be sifted out of classification filter 210. When the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate 220 and the mounting plate 220 moves a predetermined distance against the biasing force applied by the biasing element 240, the stopper 260 strikes the mounting plate 220 and prevents further movement. Therefore, when the knocker 250 strikes the mounting plate, it strikes the stopper 126, causing the classification filter 210 to vibrate more, and the solids filtered by the classification filter 210 fall down. The above-mentioned multiple classifiers 80 are arranged in series from the upstream to downstream of the fluid, and the exhaust pipe 130 of the upstream classifier 80 is connected to the inlet pipe 120 of the downstream classifier 80, so that the classification performance of each classification filter 210 can be appropriately adjusted to increase the classification efficiency.

[0088] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible without departing from the gist of the invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0089] S Virtual surface N Exhaust pipe inlet frame end D. Hitting position F Forced position L Eccentric distance H hollow space O discharge opening 10 solid 20 Solid Sources 30 Hopper 40 Shooter 50 Conveying piping 70 Solid Bucket 80 classifier 90 Bag Filter 95 Suction Blower 100 Exterior frame 110 Frame Structure 120 Introductory tube 130 Discharge pipe 140 Exhaust pipe inlet frame 150 classification tube 200 Classification filter equipment 210 Classification Filter 211 Main parts 212 L-shaped part 220 Mounting plate 220g Guide rod (guiding member) 220b Positioning pin (positioning member) 221 Mounting plate body 222 Boss 230 Mount 230g Guide pipe (guiding member) 230b Positioning hole (positioning member) 231 Upper mount 232 Lower mount 240 Actuation element 241 Upward biasing element 242 Downward biasing element 250 Knocker 260 Stopper [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0090] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 9-33085 [Patent Document 2] Patent Publication No. 2007-216211 [Patent Document 3] Patent Publication No. 2002-301326

Claims

1. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; A knocker is a tool that can strike the mounting plate along the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element; Equipped with The virtual plane is a virtual plane located in the hollow space, one side of which faces the exhaust pipe and extends vertically along the direction in which gravity acts. A classifier characterized by:

2. The virtual plane is a virtual plane located in the hollow space, one side of which faces the exhaust pipe and extends in the vertical direction at a predetermined angle along the direction of gravity.

2. The classifier according to claim 1 .

3. The virtual plane is a virtual plane located in the hollow space, with one side facing the discharge pipe, and extending in the vertical direction at a predetermined angle in the direction of gravity, so as to approach the side of the discharge pipe as the plane moves from top to bottom.

3. The classifier according to claim 2.

4. the classification filter has a main portion that abuts one surface against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and covers the entire exhaust opening when the knocker strikes the mounting plate and the mounting plate supported by the frame moves up and down; 4. The classifier according to claim 3.

5. The classification filter has a main portion that abuts one side against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end and covers the entire exhaust opening, and an L-shaped portion that is bent toward the downstream side of the exhaust pipe below the main portion.

5. The classifier according to claim 4.

6. a guide member that guides the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke on the base; Equipped with The guide member has a guide rod and a guide pipe that guides the guide rod, One of a guide rod and a guide pipe is provided on the frame, the other of the guide rod and the guide pipe is provided on the mounting plate; The guide rod extending in the vertical direction is fitted into the hole of the guide pipe, and the mounting plate is loosely supported on the base so as to be movable in the vertical direction.

6. The classifier according to claim 5.

7. The mount has an upper mount disposed above the mounting plate and a lower mount disposed below the mounting plate, The biasing element is a spring that biases the mounting plate upward with the lower base as a base.

7. The classifier according to claim 6.

8. The mount has an upper mount disposed above the mounting plate and a lower mount disposed below the mounting plate, The biasing element is a spring that applies a biasing force upward to the mounting plate using the lower base as a base and presses it against the upper base.

8. The classifier according to claim 7.

9. The knocker can strike the mounting plate along the acting direction of the biasing force of the biasing element.

9. The classifier according to claim 8.

10. The mounting plate is provided with a boss that protrudes upward, The knocker can strike the mounting plate via the boss along the acting direction of the biasing force of the biasing element.

10. The classifier according to claim 9.

11. The biasing element has an upward biasing element that biases the mounting plate upward on the base and a downward biasing element that biases the mounting plate downward, a resultant force of the upward biasing force of the upward biasing element and the downward biasing force of the downward biasing element presses the mounting plate against the base; 11. The classifier according to claim 10.

12. a positioning member that can position the mounting plate and the base when viewed from above when the mounting plate is biased in a direction in which the biasing force of the biasing element acts on the base; Equipped with 12. The classifier according to claim 11.

13. a positioning member capable of fixing a relative position between the mounting plate and the base as viewed from above when the mounting plate is biased in a direction in which the biasing force of the biasing element acts on the base; Equipped with The positioning member is a combination of two sets of a positioning pin and a positioning hole into which the positioning pin fits, one of the positioning pin and the positioning hole is provided on the mounting plate; The other of the positioning pin and the positioning hole is provided on a base.

13. The classifier according to claim 12.

14. When viewed from above, a striking position where the knocker strikes the mounting plate and a biasing position where the biasing element biases the mounting plate in the up-down direction are shifted along a direction perpendicular to an imaginary plane.

14. The classifier according to claim 13.

15. a stopper that comes into contact with the mounting plate and prevents the mounting plate from moving further when the mounting plate moves a predetermined distance against the biasing force applied by the biasing element; The classifier according to claim 14, characterized in that

16. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; Equipped with The virtual plane is a virtual plane located in the hollow space, one side of which faces the exhaust pipe and extends in the vertical direction along the direction in which gravity acts. A classifier characterized by:

17. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; Equipped with The virtual plane is a virtual plane located in the hollow space, one side of which faces the exhaust pipe and extends in the vertical direction at a predetermined angle along the direction of gravity. A classifier characterized by:

18. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; Equipped with The virtual plane is a virtual plane located in the hollow space, with one side facing the discharge pipe, and extending in the vertical direction at a predetermined angle in the direction of gravity, so as to approach the side of the discharge pipe as the plane moves from top to bottom. A classifier characterized by:

19. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; A knocker is a tool that can strike the mounting plate along the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element; Equipped with the imaginary surface is located in the hollow space and has one surface facing the exhaust pipe, the classification filter has a main portion that abuts one surface against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and covers the entire exhaust opening when the knocker strikes the mounting plate and the mounting plate supported by the frame moves up and down; A classifier characterized by:

20. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; Equipped with the imaginary surface is located in the hollow space and has one surface facing the exhaust pipe, The classification filter has a main portion that abuts one side against the exhaust pipe inlet frame end and covers the entire exhaust opening, and an L-shaped portion that is bent toward the downstream side of the exhaust pipe below the main portion. A classifier characterized by:

21. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; a guide member that guides the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke on the base; Equipped with the imaginary plane is located in the hollow space, one side of the imaginary plane faces the exhaust pipe, and the imaginary plane extends in the vertical direction along the direction in which gravity acts, The guide member has a guide rod and a guide pipe that guides the guide rod, One of a guide rod and a guide pipe is provided on the frame, the other of the guide rod and the guide pipe is provided on the mounting plate; The guide rod extending in the vertical direction is fitted into the hole of the guide pipe, and the mounting plate is loosely supported on the base so as to be movable in the vertical direction. A classifier characterized by:

22. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; Equipped with the imaginary plane is located in the hollow space, one side of the imaginary plane faces the exhaust pipe, and the imaginary plane extends in the vertical direction along the direction in which gravity acts, The mount has an upper mount disposed above the mounting plate and a lower mount disposed below the mounting plate, The biasing element is a spring that biases the mounting plate upward with the lower base as a base. A classifier characterized by:

23. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; Equipped with the imaginary plane is located in the hollow space, one side of the imaginary plane faces the exhaust pipe, and the imaginary plane extends in the vertical direction along the direction in which gravity acts, The mount has an upper mount disposed above the mounting plate and a lower mount disposed below the mounting plate, The biasing element is a spring that applies a biasing force upward to the mounting plate using the lower base as a base and presses it against the upper base. A classifier characterized by:

24. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; A knocker is a tool that can strike the mounting plate along the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element; Equipped with the imaginary plane is located in the hollow space, one side of the imaginary plane faces the exhaust pipe, and the imaginary plane extends in the vertical direction along the direction in which gravity acts, The knocker can strike the mounting plate in a direction opposite to the direction of the biasing force applied by the biasing element along the direction of action of the biasing force. A classifier characterized by:

25. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; A knocker is a tool that can strike the mounting plate along the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element; Equipped with the imaginary surface is located in the hollow space and has one surface facing the exhaust pipe, The mounting plate is provided with a boss that protrudes upward, The knocker can strike the mounting plate via the boss along the acting direction of the biasing force of the biasing element. A classifier characterized by:

26. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; Equipped with the imaginary surface is located in the hollow space and has one surface facing the exhaust pipe, The biasing element has an upward biasing element that biases the mounting plate upward on the base and a downward biasing element that biases the mounting plate downward, a resultant force of the upward biasing force of the upward biasing element and the downward biasing force of the downward biasing element presses the mounting plate against the base; A classifier characterized by:

27. ​​A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; a positioning member that can position the mounting plate and the base when viewed from above when the mounting plate is biased in a direction in which the biasing force of the biasing element acts on the base; Equipped with The virtual surface is a virtual surface located in the hollow space and having one surface facing the exhaust pipe. A classifier characterized by:

28. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; a positioning member capable of fixing a relative position between the mounting plate and the base as viewed from above when the mounting plate is biased in a direction in which the biasing force of the biasing element acts on the base; Equipped with the imaginary surface is located in the hollow space and has one surface facing the exhaust pipe, The positioning member is a combination of two sets of a positioning pin and a positioning hole into which the positioning pin fits, one of the positioning pin and the positioning hole is provided on the mounting plate; The other of the positioning pin and the positioning hole is provided on a base. A classifier characterized by:

29. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; A knocker is a tool that can strike the mounting plate along the direction of action of the biasing force of the biasing element; Equipped with the imaginary surface is located in the hollow space and has one surface facing the exhaust pipe, When viewed from above, a striking position where the knocker strikes the mounting plate and a biasing position where the biasing element biases the mounting plate in the up-down direction are shifted along a direction perpendicular to an imaginary plane. A classifier characterized by:

30. A classifier for classifying solids contained in a fluid, comprising: an exterior frame having a frame structure which is enclosed by an inner wall and forms a hollow space, an inlet pipe which introduces a fluid into the hollow space, a discharge pipe which causes the fluid to flow out of the hollow space, a discharge pipe inlet frame which is fixed to the frame structure and has a discharge opening which is an opening open toward the hollow space and which is an end which completely surrounds the discharge pipe inlet frame end along an imaginary plane, and which is a frame which is connected to the discharge pipe downstream of the discharge pipe inlet frame end, and a classification pipe which collects solids separated from the fluid; a classification filter, which is a plate-shaped filter having one side that allows a fluid to pass through and filters out solids of a certain size from among solids mixed in the fluid, and is capable of abutting against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame to cover the entire exhaust opening; A mounting plate for supporting the classification filter; a base that is fixed to the exterior frame and supports the mounting plate so as to be movable up and down by a predetermined stroke so that one plate-shaped surface of the classification filter abuts against the end of the exhaust pipe inlet frame and maintains a position covering the entire exhaust opening; a biasing element that biases the mounting plate in either an upward or downward direction based on the base; a stopper that comes into contact with the mounting plate when the mounting plate moves a predetermined distance against the biasing force applied by the biasing element to prevent the mounting plate from moving further; Equipped with The virtual surface is a virtual surface located in the hollow space and having one surface facing the exhaust pipe. A classifier characterized by:

31. A classifier group for classifying a fluid containing solids, A plurality of the classifiers according to claims 1 to 20 are arranged in series from the upstream to the downstream of the fluid, The discharge pipe of the upstream classifier is connected to the inlet pipe of the downstream classifier. A classifier group characterized by:

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