Excavation efficiency evaluation system, excavation efficiency evaluation device, and excavation efficiency evaluation method

Abstract

An excavation efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a drilling efficiency evaluation device, a drilling machine that performs drilling work, and a reading device that acquires three-dimensional information including width and volume information of a cavity created by the drilling work. The excavation efficiency evaluation device includes a correction unit that corrects the drilling start point information and the drilling end point information based on the drilling direction determined by the strike data of the vein, and calculates corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information. A drilling end point smoothness calculation unit calculates a drilling end point smoothness, which is the smoothness of the face formed after drilling in the excavation area, based on the standard deviation of the drilling direction component of the drilling end point information corresponding to each of the multiple drilling holes. A drilling parallelism calculation unit calculates a drilling parallelism, which is the parallelism between drilling holes, based on the variance value of the relative positions of the start point and end point of the multiple drilling holes calculated in accordance with the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the multiple drilling holes.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an excavation efficiency evaluation system, an excavation efficiency evaluation device, and an excavation efficiency evaluation method. [Background technology]

[0002] There is a known technology for reducing the amount of overexcavation in the ground during the ground excavation process. Patent Document 1 discloses a technology for reducing the amount of overexcavation by calculating the insertion angle of the current drilling hole based on the average overexcavation depth of the calculated amount of overexcavation and the insertion angle of the previous drilling hole, and automatically changing the insertion angle of the outermost hole. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2020-183647 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In the process of drilling and advancing through the ground, multiple holes are drilled at the face. Therefore, even if the insertion angle of the drilled holes is appropriate, if adjacent drilled holes are not parallel to each other, there is a risk that the drilling length will differ from the advancement length due to blasting, which may reduce the work efficiency in the advancing process.

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention has an object to provide an excavation efficiency evaluation system that can improve the work efficiency in the process of excavating ground. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A drilling efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention is a drilling efficiency evaluation system including a drilling efficiency evaluation device, a drilling machine that performs drilling work, and a reading device that acquires three-dimensional information including width and volume information of a cavity generated by the drilling work, and the drilling efficiency evaluation device includes a correction unit that corrects drilling start point information, which is position information of the drilling start points of a plurality of drilling holes in an excavation area, and drilling end point information, which is position information of the drilling end points of the plurality of drilling holes, based on a drilling direction determined by strike data of a vein, to calculate corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information, and Fixes The system is equipped with a drilling end point smoothness calculation unit that calculates a drilling end point smoothness, which is the smoothness of the face formed after drilling in the excavation area, based on the standard deviation of the drilling end point information's excavation direction component, and a drilling parallelism calculation unit that calculates a drilling parallelism, which is the parallelism between drilling holes, based on the variance value of the relative positions of the start and end points of the multiple drilling holes calculated in accordance with the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the multiple drilling holes. Effect of the Invention

[0007] According to the excavation efficiency evaluation system of the present invention, it is possible to improve the work efficiency in the process of excavating the ground. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a configuration diagram of an excavation efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] 1 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of an excavation efficiency evaluation device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 13 is a front view for explaining an excavation area. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a drilling area to explain drilling parallelism. [Diagram 5] FIG. 13 is a front view showing the arrangement of drilling start points in the excavation area. [Figure 6]FIG. 1 is a plan view of a drilling area to explain the drilling end point smoothness and the insertion angle. [Figure 7] FIG. 13 is a side view of the drilling area to explain the drilling end point smoothness and the insertion angle. [Figure 8] 1 is a diagram for explaining the calculation of the average resultant vector length and variance value of a drilling hole to be drilled, performed by the drilling parallelism calculation unit of the tunneling efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a mode of displaying each value calculated in the excavation efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the processing of crushed rocks in the excavation efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram showing the processing of an evaluation method executed by the excavation efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a process for evaluating a drilling operation performed by an output unit of the excavation efficiency evaluation system according to one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0010] In addition, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and duplicated explanations are omitted. In addition, in the following embodiments, when the number of elements (including the number, numerical value, amount, range, etc.) is mentioned, it is not limited to the specific number, and may be more than or less than the specific number, unless otherwise specified or clearly limited to a specific number in principle.

[0011] Furthermore, in the following embodiments, the components are not necessarily essential unless otherwise specified or considered to be obviously essential in principle. Similarly, in the following embodiments, when referring to the shape, positional relationship, etc. of the components, etc., it is intended to include those that are substantially similar or similar to the shape, etc., unless otherwise specified or considered to be obviously not essential in principle. The same applies to the above numbers, etc. (including numbers, numerical values, amounts, ranges, etc.).

[0012] <Terminology> First, the terms used in this specification will be explained. In the following, the work of extracting underground resources such as minerals from veins or ores will be taken as an example, but the terms are not limited to this example and are also used in other work such as excavation work in mountain tunnels.

[0013] A mineral vein is a place where minerals are concentrated, formed when magma or groundwater rising from deep underground supplies hot water to cracks on the surface, where metals and other substances dissolved in the hot water cool, precipitate, and solidify. Therefore, mineral veins have a strike and inclination that show a certain degree of continuity as a fracture zone, and exist in plate or sheet form. If the cracks become enlarged, they may exist in a cylindrical or tube-like shape.

[0014] The face is the working area at the end of the tunnel, and is also called the mirror surface. The ground surface of the working area is usually exposed in its natural state, but in areas where there is a risk of collapse, peeling, or water seeping, concrete is sprayed on.

[0015] The outermost hole is a drilled hole that forms the periphery of the tunnel design. The explosives are usually detonated sequentially using the time difference of the detonation caps to expand the space from the inside of the tunnel face to the outside, so the outermost hole on the tunnel face is the drilled hole that is detonated last.

[0016] The insertion angle is the angle at which the hole is drilled. Specifically, it is the interior angle between the normal of the drilling start surface of the face in the direction of excavation and the direction of excavation in each borehole. If the insertion angle is not appropriate, the degree of crushing will worsen.

[0017] Crushing is the act of breaking rocks into pieces by blasting. For example, it is expressed in terms of the crushing volume and crushing space, and it is desirable for the crushed rocks and ores to be within a certain shape and size for convenience of subsequent processes.

[0018] Overcutting refers to the excess waste rock that is generated in excess of the planned tunnel specifications during drilling and blasting operations. If the amount of overcutting is greater than initially expected, the amount of crushing may be greater.

[0019] The drilling direction is the actual drilling direction at the drilling site, and in some cases, it is the direction determined when drilling along the strike of a hole that is revealed at the site by performing a search hole to investigate the ground conditions ahead, for example, the location of a mineral vein. Strike information is information about the strike of the rock surface and the strata exposed nearby. In the following explanation, the strike is assumed to be the strike of a mineral vein contained in the ground, but it is not limited to the strike of a mineral vein contained in the ground, and may be the strike of a key layer, a fault, a fracture zone, a water vein, a crack, etc.

[0020] The direction of advance is the direction of mining determined on paper in advance by drilling test holes, etc., in relation to the direction of excavation. Therefore, if it is discovered on-site that the strike of the vein changes significantly, the direction of excavation and the direction of advance do not necessarily match. The length obtained at this time includes the borehole length, which is the actual length of the hole, as well as the advancement length. The borehole length is roughly the same as the length of the borehole.

[0021] The advance length is a value measured after blasting, and is the length that the tunnel was actually excavated, but does not necessarily coincide with the drilling length due to natural factors such as uneven geological conditions, and human factors such as the accuracy of loading explosives and the accuracy of drilling. In addition to measuring the length from the center of the tunnel to the start of the next drilling, if the tunnel shape is significantly distorted, a representative length may be measured at multiple points and averaged to calculate the length.

[0022] <Outline of excavation process> The tunnel excavation process mainly includes drilling, blasting, loading, transportation, and support work. Below, we will provide an overview of each task included in the tunnel excavation process, using a mine as an example.

[0023] First, let us explain the drilling operation. For example, many ore veins run through the ground. When mining these veins from a horizontal direction through a tunnel, a drilling machine is used to open holes for loading explosives. To quantitatively and highly accurately grasp the ground conditions, a Navi Jumbo is used to perform the drilling operation, and relative position coordinate data showing the trajectory of the drilling in the ground is obtained through electronic devices.

[0024] The blasting work is explained below. Explosives are loaded into the borehole and then blasted. In addition to measuring the mining width with a tape measure or laser range finder, in order to grasp the spatial situation before and after blasting with high accuracy, a reading device such as a 3D scanner is used to obtain point cloud data that shows the relative position coordinates of the crushing space.

[0025] The loading, transportation and support work will be explained. The ore crushed by blasting is collected by a special loading machine. After this, support is applied and the tunnel excavation process is completed. The collected ore is transferred to a dump truck and transported to the ore processing facility on the ground.

[0026] <Research process leading to the idea of ​​the excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to the embodiment> Conventional techniques place emphasis on reducing the amount of overcutting. Therefore, there are issues with the lack of a mechanism to prevent inefficiencies in later processes, such as ensuring the smoothness of the drilling end point, which is the surface roughness that indicates the smoothness of the face formed after drilling and blasting, and aligning the grain size of the crushed rocks. For example, if the smoothness of the drilling end point is not good, there is a risk of protruding rocks falling, and work efficiency is reduced because it takes time to position the drill bit due to the uneven ground surface.

[0027] Furthermore, if the grain size of the crushed rock is poor, gaps may occur in the subsequent process, making loading and transportation inefficient, and clogging may occur during the crushing process. Furthermore, since the 3D data obtained from the 3D scanner and drilling machine was not used to quantitatively evaluate the skill of the drilling and blasting work for the entire face, including the outermost holes, there was an issue of not knowing what improvements should be made in the next drilling and blasting work. From the perspective of economy, which does not reduce the progress length per blast, it is necessary to solve these issues.

[0028] Here, the strike of the ground changes locally, and although it is possible to estimate it to a certain extent, some things that affect drilling, such as clayification, cavities, and the occurrence of springs, cannot be predicted.

[0029] In the conventional technology, although the drilling direction is planned in advance, the drilling length and difference angle must be recalculated each time a hole is drilled.

[0030] Aligning the drilling end points of each borehole has the advantage that the drilling length and advancement length match, and the advancement length of a single blast is guaranteed. However, there is a challenge in that skilled technique is required to perfectly align the drilling end points, because the length of the borehole (drilling length) varies depending on the difference in the unevenness of the ground surface.

[0031] Furthermore, since the distribution of the drilling end points forms the new face that appears after blasting, if the face is not smooth but has significant unevenness, it may not be possible to set the tip of the drill bit on the ground surface as intended in the next drilling operation, making the drilling operation more difficult and the process less efficient.

[0032] In addition, rocks are likely to fall from the convex parts of the face, which are mechanically unstable, putting workers at risk. Therefore, there is an issue that safety cannot be guaranteed by simply adjusting the insertion angle.

[0033] In order to make the grain size of the crushed rock uniform, it is not enough to adjust the insertion angle of the outermost hole of the face as in the conventional technology. Rather, the insertion angle on the inside of the face must be adjusted so that the drilled holes are parallel to each other. If the drilled holes on the inside of the face are not drilled parallel to each other, a discrepancy occurs between the drilling length and the progress length due to blasting, which makes the excavation process inefficient and also affects the smoothness of the drilling end point.

[0034] By ensuring the smoothness of the drilling end point, the progress length per blasting is increased, and drilling work in the next excavation area is made easier, improving work efficiency and effective cost reduction. In addition, by ensuring the parallelism of the drilling hole, the drilling length and the progress length are more likely to match, the grain size of the crushed rock is uniform, and the loading, transportation, and sorting processes can be improved. The indicators that guarantee the above can be calculated in response to changes in the excavation direction, and the workers can check the calculation of the overexcavation amount on the output screen, etc., so it is possible to efficiently proceed with drilling and blasting work. In addition, when facing these issues, there are cases where the skill of an experienced worker can move in the direction of solution, but for inexperienced workers, there are also issues that require a lot of time and cost to acquire the skills from qualitative education based on intuition.

[0035] Therefore, an excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to the present embodiment has been found that can solve such problems. Below, an excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0036] <Configuration of Excavation Efficiency Evaluation System 1 according to the embodiment> 1 is a configuration diagram of a tunneling efficiency evaluation system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The tunneling efficiency evaluation system 1 includes a tunneling efficiency evaluation device 10, a drilling machine 20, and a reading device 30. The tunneling efficiency evaluation device 10 is capable of communicating with the drilling machine 20 and the reading device 30.

[0037] The excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 comprises a correction section 11, an insertion angle calculation section 12, a drilling end point smoothness calculation section 13, a drilling parallelism calculation section 14, an overexcavation calculation section 15 and an output section 16. The output section 16 may be included in the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 as shown in the figure, but is not limited to this and may be configured separately from the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 as a display device.

[0038] The correction unit 11 acquires drilling start point information, which is position information of the drilling start points of a plurality of boreholes in the excavation area, and drilling end point information, which is position information of the drilling end points of a plurality of boreholes. The correction unit 11 corrects the drilling start point information and the drilling end point information based on the excavation direction determined by the strike data of the vein, and calculates corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information. The strike information is angle information determined based on the strike included in the ground. By correlating the strike information with the excavation direction, records based on the drilling design data can be acquired.

[0039] The corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information may be expressed using coordinates. The correcting unit 11 specifies a drilling hole to be drilled in the next drilling area and to be analyzed based on the generated corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information. The correcting unit 11 transmits the generated corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information and information on the drilling hole to be analyzed to the insertion angle calculation unit 12.

[0040] In addition, the correcting unit 11 calculates the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information, thereby determining the position coordinates of the drilling hole to be drilled in the next drilling area. Then, the correcting unit 11 selects a charge hole to load explosives, and identifies the drilling hole to be analyzed, such as classifying the outermost hole and other drilling holes.

[0041] The insertion angle calculation unit 12 calculates the insertion angle of the drilling hole to be drilled based on the position coordinates of the drilling hole acquired from the correction unit 11. The insertion angle calculation unit 12 calculates the length, sine length and projection length of the drilling hole to be drilled based on the corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information acquired from the correction unit 11 and information on the drilling hole to be analyzed.

[0042] The length of the borehole to be drilled is the length of the straight line connecting the start point and the end point of drilling. The sine length of the borehole to be drilled is the shortest length from the end point of drilling to the face. The projected length of the borehole to be drilled can be calculated by the length of the borehole to be drilled and the square root of the sine length.

[0043] The insertion angle calculation unit 12 calculates the insertion angle of the drilling hole based on the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information. More specifically, the insertion angle calculation unit 12 calculates the insertion angle based on the length and the projection length of the drilling hole to be drilled. The insertion angle can be calculated by using the formula of the inverse trigonometric function to calculate the interior angle of each line segment.

[0044] The insertion angle calculation unit 12 also calculates the insertion angle of the drilled hole. The insertion angle calculation unit 12 can evaluate the skill of the drilling work, such as the smoothness of the drilling end point, the parallelism of the drilling, and the amount of over-excavation, by using a percentage or other ratio display based on a statistical method using variance and standard deviation for the calculated position coordinates of the drilling start point and the drilling end point.

[0045] The drilling end point smoothness calculation unit 13 calculates the smoothness of each of the plurality of drilled holes. Fixes Based on the standard deviation of the component of the drilling direction of the drilling end point information, the drilling end point smoothness, which is the smoothness of the face formed after drilling in the excavation area, is calculated.

[0046] The drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 calculates the drilling parallelism between the drilling holes based on the variance of the relative positions of the start points and end points of the multiple drilling holes calculated based on the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the multiple drilling holes. The drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 may calculate the variance of the relative positions of the start points and end points of the multiple drilling holes based on the insertion angle, the corrected drilling start point information, and the corrected drilling end point information.

[0047] In addition, the drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 calculates the average resultant vector length of the drilled hole and the variance value of the relative positions of the start point and the end point. i The sum of the direction cosines and the angle θ i The sum of the directional sines of the above is divided by the number of boreholes, and then the average resultant vector length is calculated as the square root of the sum of the squares.

[0048] More specifically, the number of drilled holes 40 to be drilled in the drilling area 100 is n, and the insertion angle of the multiple drilled holes 40 is θ i , the length of the plurality of boreholes 40 is L i Then, the variance value R satisfies the following formula (1).

[0049]

number

[0050] When evaluating the parallelism between drilled holes from angle data, there is a problem that a simple arithmetic average cannot be calculated because the angle data has a periodic component. Therefore, the drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 can calculate the drilling parallelism, which indicates the degree of variation in the average direction of the angle data from the circular variance, by calculating the average composite vector length and variance value of the drilled holes.

[0051] The overexcavation calculation unit 15 calculates the overexcavation amount based on the planned crushing amount, which is the planned amount of crushed rock generated when drilling multiple boreholes, and the actual crushing amount, which is the actual amount of crushed rock actually generated in conjunction with the drilling of multiple boreholes.

[0052] More specifically, the overexcavation calculation unit 15 may calculate the overexcavation amount based on three-dimensional information including the insertion angle of the drilling hole to be drilled, the drilling design data planned in advance, and the width and volume information of the cavity, etc. The overexcavation calculation unit 15 uses the drilling start point position information included in the corrected drilling start point information and the drilling end point information to calculate the overexcavation width.

[0053] The overexcavation calculation unit 15 compares the planned crushing amount with the actual crushing amount, and calculates the overexcavation amount from the ratio. The actual crushing amount is the volume or mass of the excavated excavation area. The actual crushing amount can be calculated based on three-dimensional information including the width and volume information of the cavity. The actual crushing amount can also be calculated based on the length of the drilled hole to be drilled calculated by the insertion angle calculation unit 12. Furthermore, the actual crushing amount can also be calculated based on the insertion angle of the multiple drilled holes 40 and the length of each of the multiple drilled holes 40.

[0054] The output unit 16 outputs the drilling end point smoothness calculated by the drilling end point smoothness calculation unit 13, the drilling parallelism calculated by the drilling parallelism calculation unit 14, and the overexcavation amount calculated by the overexcavation calculation unit 15. The output unit 16 may be included in the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 or the drilling machine 20.

[0055] The drilling machine 20 is a machine that performs drilling work based on drilling design data that is planned in advance. When the drilling work is completed, the drilling machine 20 obtains initial drilling start point information and drilling end point information as actual values. After the drilling work, explosives are loaded into the borehole and blasting is performed.

[0056] After blasting by the drilling machine 20 and after recovering the crushed ore, the reading device 30 performs precise shape measurement of the cavity in the ground caused by the blasting. Then, the reading device 30 obtains three-dimensional information including the width and volume information of the cavity.

[0057] The results calculated by each part included in the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 and the contents output by the output unit 16 may be stored in a random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or any other appropriate storage medium.

[0058] The drilling machine 20 may be provided with a navigation function, and the drilling data may be acquired using the navigation function. With the navigation function, a planned drilling hole that has been planned in advance on the face is displayed on the screen, and the drilling work is accomplished as planned by drilling as displayed. In other words, even if the drilling machine 20 does not have a planned drilling hole in advance, it is possible to collect drilling data by activating the navigation function.

[0059] In addition, when the drilling machine 20 is not provided with a planned drilling hole in advance and the navigation function is enabled, the drilling direction needs to be corrected. When the drilling direction is corrected in the horizontal direction, it can be done by coordinate conversion of the acquired drilling data, and when it is corrected in the vertical direction, a coordinate conversion formula for correction can be used. However, among tunnel excavation, horizontal excavation at the same level has the effect of having a higher ore recovery efficiency than inclined tunnel excavation.

[0060] According to the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 of this embodiment, it is possible to quantitatively calculate and objectively evaluate the performance data of the drilling performed by the drilling end point smoothness calculation unit 13, the drilling parallelism calculation unit 14, and the overexcavation calculation unit 15. Therefore, the efficiency of the drilling work from the next time onwards is improved, and the loading and transportation and crushing work in the subsequent processes becomes more efficient.

[0061] <Hardware configuration> Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of an excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 comprises a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 10a, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 10b, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 10c, a HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 10d, and an input / output I / F (Interface) 10e. These are electrically connected to each other via a bus 10f.

[0062] The CPU 10a controls the operation of the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10. The ROM 10b stores programs executed by the CPU 10a. The RAM 10c is used as a work area for the CPU 10a. The HDD 10d stores various data such as programs. The input / output I / F 10e is an interface that inputs and outputs various signals and data to and from external devices.

[0063] A part or all of the functions of the CPU 10a may be realized by an electronic circuit such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a field programmable gate array (FPGA).

[0064] <Parallelism of borehole 40> FIG. 3 is a front view for explaining the excavation area 100. In the figure, W indicates the excavation width, W1 indicates the planned excavation width, and W2 indicates the overexcavation width. An example of forming a borehole 40 in the excavation area 100 will be described. In the following, for clarity of explanation, an XYZ three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system will be used. The X direction indicates the width direction of the excavation area 100, the Y direction indicates the depth direction of the excavation area 100, and the Z direction indicates the vertical direction of the excavation area 100.

[0065] Drilling is started at the drilling start surface 101, which is the face, to form the drilled holes 40. At this time, drilling is performed from the drilling start point 41 on the drilling start surface 101 toward the planned drilling end surface 102. The planned drilling end surface 102 is the finished surface in the excavation area 100, and will be the drilling start surface in the next excavation area. Since overcutting usually occurs, the actual drilling end surface 103 is wider than the planned drilling end surface 102. After the drilling is completed at the drilling end point 42, the drill bit is moved to the drilling start point of the next excavation area 110. The drilling is repeated until the desired number of drilled holes 40 is reached.

[0066] 4 is a perspective view for explaining the parallelism of the boreholes 40 in the excavation area 100. L1 in the figure is the interval between adjacent boreholes 40, and can be an index for evaluating the parallelism of the boreholes 40. In FIG. 4, an example of forming the boreholes 40 in the excavation area 100 will be described as in the case of FIG. 3.

[0067] As described above, it is preferable that the interval L1 between adjacent boreholes 40 is a constant interval from the drilling start point 41 to the drilling end point 42 of each borehole 40, that is, adjacent boreholes 40 are drilled in parallel. If the parallelism between the boreholes is not good, the effect of blasting may be reduced due to adjacent boreholes 40 being connected to each other. If an actual drilling end surface 103 larger than the planned drilling end surface 102 is formed after blasting, an overexcavation amount equivalent to the overexcavation width W2 occurs.

[0068] Here, Fig. 5 is a front view showing the arrangement of the drilling start points in the excavation area 100. In Fig. 5, the white circles on the drilling start surface 101 are shown as the drilling start points 50 of the outermost holes, and the black circles are shown as the drilling start points 41 of the other drilled holes. The illustrated arrangement of the drilling start points 41, 50 is one example, and the number and arrangement of the drilled holes are not limited to this.

[0069] <Smoothness of the face> Fig. 6 is a plan view for explaining the drilling end point smoothness and the insertion angle. Fig. 6 shows a plan view of an excavation area. The arrows in the figure indicate the direction of advancement of the drilling and blasting work, and the drilling and blasting work proceed in the order of the previous excavation area 90, the current excavation area 100, and the next excavation area 110. Furthermore, Ra in the figure is the surface roughness in the depth (Y direction), and can be an index for evaluating the drilling end point smoothness. θ in the figure i indicates the insertion angle.

[0070] Due to the constraints imposed by the shape of the drilling machine 20 that delivers the drill bit used in the drilling operation, the outermost holes of the drilling start surface cannot be drilled vertically. Therefore, over-digging occurs during the drilling operation, and each of the drilling regions 90, 100, 110 has a trapezoidal shape when viewed from above.

[0071] The actual drilling end surface 103 in the current excavation area 100 is the drilling start surface in the next excavation area 110. Therefore, if the drilling end point smoothness is not good, the drilling start surface of the next excavation area 110 will have an uneven shape, which may cause the drilling work to be inefficient and the progress length in each blasting work to be reduced. In addition, if the parallelism between the boreholes 40 is not good, adjacent boreholes 40 will be connected to each other, making the blasting work inefficient.

[0072] Insert angle θ i is the angle between the drilling direction of the drilling and blasting work and the borehole 40. In the illustrated example, the insertion angle θ i is an angle on the xy plane, but is not limited to this and may be a three-dimensional angle including the Z component in the vertical direction.

[0073] FIG. 7 is a side view for explaining the drilling end point smoothness and the insertion angle. It is a side view of an excavation area for explaining an embodiment of the present invention. Drilling and blasting work proceed in the excavation direction shown by the arrow in the figure. The drilling machine 20 is placed in the previous excavation area 90 and performs drilling work. The roadbed in the previous excavation area 90 is preferably in a horizontal state for the sake of work efficiency.

[0074] In the current excavation area 100, the drilling hole 40 is formed by drilling from the drilling start point 41 to the drilling end point 42. If the surface roughness Ra of the actual drilling end surface 103 is not good, the drilling start surface of the next excavation area 110 will have a significant uneven shape, making the drilling work inefficient. This may be a factor in reducing the progress length in one blasting work.

[0075] FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the calculation of the average resultant vector length and variance value of the drilling hole to be drilled, performed by the drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 of the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The arrow F in the figure indicates the excavation direction of the drilling work and the blasting work. In FIG. 8, each of the drilling hole groups 40a and 40b includes five drilling holes 40. The drilling vector V1 is a vector corresponding to the five drilling holes 40, and the average resultant vector V2 is a resultant vector of the five drilling vectors V1. Note that the number of drilling holes 40 included in each of the drilling hole groups 40a and 40b is not limited to five, and various numbers of drilling holes 40 may be included.

[0076] The vector length of the average resultant vector V2 is defined by quantifying the length of the average resultant vector obtained by standardizing the resultant vector of multiple perforation vectors V1. The vector length of the average resultant vector V2 takes a value between 0 and 1, and the closer it is to 1, the smaller the degree of variation in the data, and the closer it is to 0, the greater the degree of variation in the data. Therefore, the value obtained by subtracting the vector length of the average resultant vector V2 from 1 is the variance value of this data.

[0077] In the example of Fig. 8, the vector length of the average resultant vector V2 in the borehole group 40b is larger than the vector length of the average resultant vector V2 in the borehole group 40a. Therefore, the boreholes 40 included in the borehole group 40b have smaller variations in the angle data, and the parallelism of the boreholes 40 is higher. For example, since the drilling direction and the direction of the average resultant vector are the same in the borehole group 40b, the drilling length and the advancement length tend to be more likely to be the same compared to the borehole group 40a.

[0078] In addition, when evaluating the tunneling efficiency, the drilling end point smoothness may be prioritized over the drilling parallelism. For example, in a tunnel, the drilling parallelism may be evaluated by prioritizing the group of excavated holes other than the outermost hole on the face, and the overcutting amount may be evaluated by prioritizing the group of outermost holes, which are most affected by the insertion angle. Therefore, it is considered that it is sufficient to reach the target index value for any of the indicators of the drilling end point smoothness, the drilling parallelism, and the overcutting amount.

[0079] <Indicator to be output> 9 is a schematic diagram showing a mode of displaying each value calculated in the excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention. In the excavation efficiency evaluation system 1, each value calculated by the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 can be output to the output unit 16. Each value may be displayed on the output unit 16 included in the drilling machine 20, or may be output as paper data 17.

[0080] The values ​​calculated by the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 may be classified as a first index and a second index. The output unit 16 outputs the first index and the second index in a manner that can be visually recognized by an operator during the drilling operation or after the drilling operation is completed.

[0081] The first index is an index including a work guideline for drilling work based on at least one of the drilling end point smoothness, the drilling parallelism, and the overcut amount. For example, the first index may be the actual value of the drilling end point smoothness, the drilling parallelism, and the overcut amount.

[0082] The first index can be used, for example, to present each worker with points to note and goals to achieve in drilling work so that they can achieve more efficient performance values. In addition, when drilling work is performed under the same conditions, the first index can be used to compare the results with those of the previous drilling work and provide feedback to improve the technique for the next drilling work.

[0083] The second index is an index that associates the first index with the cost required for the drilling work. Specifically, the second index may be used, for example, when the first index is stored in advance in association with the expenses required for the drilling work and the blasting work. The second index includes, for example, at least one of the material cost per planned crushing amount or actual crushing amount, the energy cost per drilling work, the planned crushing amount or actual crushing amount per operating hour, the carbon dioxide emission amount, the water consumption amount, and the grain size distribution of the crushed rock. Note that the first index and the second index are not limited to these, and various indexes can be used.

[0084] Fig. 10 is a diagram for explaining the processing of crushed rocks 44 in the excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 10, it is assumed that blasting is performed at a blasting point 43, and crushed rocks 44 are generated. In Fig. 10, (a) is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the generation and size of the crushed rocks 44, (b) is a graph showing the relationship between the particle size and weight percentage of the crushed rocks 44, and (c) is a diagram for explaining the standard of the crushed rocks 44.

[0085] The information on the grain size distribution of the crushed rock 44 is obtained by measuring the length of the drill holes 40, the insertion angle θ i It is composed of a grain size accumulation curve that shows the expected distribution of grain sizes of crushed rock based on the drilling parallelism, the type and quantity of explosives recorded as costs for the drilling work.

[0086] The grain size accumulation curve is shown, for example, in Figure 10(b). The horizontal axis of the graph indicates the grain size division. For example, the grain size of crushed rock 44 is 1×10 -1 ~1×10 4 The vertical axis of the graph may be weight percentage and may be expressed in logarithm.

[0087] Based on the information on the particle size distribution of the crushed rock, the output unit 16 outputs information on the suitability of the crushed rock with the specifications of the rock sieve provided in the crusher used in the crushing operation, which is a subsequent process of the drilling operation.

[0088] The crushed rocks 44 are classified by particle size using a rock sieve 45 equipped in a crusher in a subsequent process. The size of the holes in the rock sieve 45 may be a×b, for example, as shown in FIG. 10(c). Here, the weight percentage may be the passing rate of the rock sieve 45 predicted based on the amount of crushed rocks 44 passing through the rock sieve 45. The particle size distribution of the crushed rocks 44 may be determined by the spacing between boreholes. Crushed rocks 44 that do not meet the particle size standard may cause clogging of the rock sieve 45 or malfunction of the crusher, affecting the operation of the crusher and thus the progress of the subsequent process.

[0089] <Excavation efficiency evaluation method> FIG. 11 is a sequence diagram showing the process of the evaluation method executed by the excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0090] The correction unit 11 of the tunneling efficiency evaluation device 10 acquires initial drilling start point information and drilling end point information from the drilling machine 20 (step S201). The correction unit 11 acquires strike information related to the planned line in the tunnel or the like and the strike included in the ground (step S202). The correction unit 11 corrects the acquired initial drilling start point information and drilling end point information based on the strike information, and generates corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information (step S203). The correction unit 11 identifies the drilling hole 40 to be drilled next and to be analyzed based on the generated corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information (step S204).

[0091] Next, the insertion angle calculation unit 12 calculates the length, sine length and projection length of the drilling hole 40 to be drilled based on the corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information acquired from the correction unit 11 and information on the drilling hole 40 to be analyzed (steps S205, S206, S207). The insertion angle calculation unit 12 calculates the insertion angle based on the length and projection length of the drilling hole 40 to be drilled (step S208). The insertion angle calculation unit 12 transmits the calculated insertion angle to the drilling end point smoothness calculation unit 13, the drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 and the overcut calculation unit 15.

[0092] The drilling end point smoothness calculation unit 13 calculates the standard deviation of the component of the excavation direction (step S209) based on the position coordinates of the drilling start point and the drilling end point acquired from the insertion angle calculation unit 12. Then, the drilling end point smoothness calculation unit 13 calculates the drilling end point smoothness indicating the degree of dispersion of the drilling end point data (step S210).

[0093] The drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 calculates the average resultant vector length and variance value of the borehole 40 to be drilled (step S211). The drilling parallelism calculation unit 14 calculates the drilling parallelism indicating the degree of variation in the average direction of the angle data from the circumferential variance (step S212).

[0094] The overexcavation calculation unit 15 compares the planned crushing amount with the actual crushing amount, and calculates the overexcavation amount from the ratio (step S213). Then, the overexcavation calculation unit 15 calculates the overexcavation amount (step S214).

[0095] <Process for evaluating drilling work> 12 is a flow diagram showing a process for evaluating a drilling operation performed by the output unit 16 of the excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The output unit 16 may be provided with a display capable of displaying a three-dimensional space that can be viewed stereoscopically, generate virtual three-dimensional space data of the excavation area 100, and include an evaluation means for evaluating the drilling operation based on the actions of a virtual user with respect to the drilling operation.

[0096] The excavation efficiency evaluation device 10 can provide an education program for drilling work performed by workers by a process of evaluating the performance value of the drilling work by the output unit 16. In addition, this process can provide a means for workers to evaluate the drilling work at a training site or a virtual site, which is a digital space, through the education program.

[0097] First, the output unit 16 sets a first evaluation value as a target for each index of the drilling end point smoothness, the drilling parallelism, and the overcut amount (step S301). When the drilling work is completed (step S302), a second evaluation value, which is a value based on the performance of the drilling work, is calculated (step S303). The performance value, which is the second evaluation value, may be the performance value for each borehole 40 in real time, or the performance value for all boreholes 40 after the drilling work on all the face is completed. The performance value for all boreholes 40 after the drilling work is completed may be prioritized.

[0098] Thereafter, the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value are compared (step S304). At this time, the output value differs depending on whether the pre-input threshold value of the index and the evaluation items have been set or not (step S305). Note that the evaluation items may be recognized by the worker as an identification value for each evaluation by any of the following methods: presentation of an achievement rank based on the range of the value of each index, presentation of advice, presentation of an icon, coloring of a light, generation of a sound, or generation of vibration.

[0099] If these thresholds and evaluation items have been set (Yes in step S305), the first evaluation value, the second evaluation value, and the evaluation result are output (step S306). If these thresholds and evaluation items have not been set (No in step S305), the first evaluation value, the second evaluation value, and the comparison result are output (step S307). The comparison result indicates the difference between the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value, and may be a simpler value than the evaluation value. The comparison value is a value that is recognized by the worker as an identification value by presenting an icon, turning on a light, generating a sound, or generating a vibration. The output means for the identification value may be a display means mounted on the drilling machine 20, printing on paper, or transmitting and displaying on a communication terminal.

[0100] Based on a comparison between the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value, a target value is set as an index for maintaining or aiming at the first evaluation value (step S308). At this time, the target value may be set higher or lower than the first evaluation value by manual input, or may be set automatically, taking into consideration the conditions of the worker and the site. The process of evaluating the performance value of the drilling work allows for quantitative evaluation as an educational program for drilling techniques.

[0101] The drilling end point smoothness, drilling parallelism, and overexcavation amount of the excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to this embodiment can be applied to the design and construction of ground cavity areas using the drilling machine 20 in the bench stope method, step mining method, and mountain tunnel construction method. The excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 can also be applied not only to abrupt changes in the strike of the ore vein, but also to cases where the excavation direction needs to be corrected due to spring water, inconformity, rockburst, cracks, and gas eruptions in mountain tunnels.

[0102] <Effects> The excavation efficiency evaluation system 1 according to this embodiment can contribute to improving the work efficiency in each construction method, realizing highly accurate drilling work, and ensuring safety.

[0103] <Supplementary explanation of the embodiment> The steps, sequences, flow charts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be reordered unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0104] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0105] Any reference to an element using a designation such as "first", "second" etc. used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.

[0106] The "part" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "means," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0107] In this disclosure, when the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used, these terms are intended to be inclusive, just like the term "comprising."

[0108] In this disclosure, where articles have been added due to translation, such as, for example, a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0109] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched according to execution. In addition, notification of specific information (e.g., notification that "X is the case") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., not notifying the specific information).

[0110] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The present disclosure can be implemented as modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure. [Explanation of symbols]

[0111] 1...Tunneling efficiency evaluation system, 10...Tunneling efficiency evaluation device, 11...Correction section, 12...Insertion angle calculation section, 13...Drilling end point smoothness calculation section, 14...Drilling parallelism calculation section, 15...Overexcavation calculation section, 16...Output section, 20...Tunneling machine, 40...Drilling hole.

Claims

1. A system for evaluating tunneling efficiency, comprising: a tunneling efficiency evaluation device; a drilling machine for performing a drilling operation; and a reading device for acquiring three-dimensional information including width and volume information of a cavity portion generated by the drilling operation, The excavation efficiency evaluation device is A correction unit that corrects the drilling start point information, which is the position information of the drilling start points of a plurality of drilling holes in the excavation area, and the drilling end point information, which is the position information of the drilling end points of the plurality of drilling holes, based on the excavation direction determined by the strike data of the vein, to calculate corrected drilling start point information and corrected drilling end point information; A drilling end point smoothness calculation unit that calculates a drilling end point smoothness, which is the smoothness of the face formed after drilling in the excavation area, based on the standard deviation of the component of the excavation direction of the corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the plurality of excavation holes; A drilling parallelism calculation unit that calculates a drilling parallelism between drilling holes based on a variance value of the relative positions of the start points and end points of the plurality of drilling holes calculated according to the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the plurality of drilling holes; A tunneling efficiency evaluation system equipped with

2. The excavation efficiency evaluation device is An insertion angle calculation unit that calculates an insertion angle of the drilling hole based on the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information; The three-dimensional information including the width and the volume information of the cavity is acquired, and an over-excavation calculation unit calculates an over-excavation amount based on a planned crushing amount, which is a planned amount of crushed rock generated when drilling the plurality of boreholes, and an actual crushing amount, which is an actual amount of the crushed rock actually generated with the drilling of the plurality of boreholes. The excavation efficiency evaluation system according to claim 1 .

3. The drilling parallelism calculation unit calculates a variance value of the relative positions of the start points and end points of the plurality of drilling holes based on the insertion angle, the corrected drilling start point information, and the corrected drilling end point information. The excavation efficiency evaluation system according to claim 2.

4. The variance value is a circular variance value obtained based on an average resultant vector length calculated by dividing the sum of the direction cosines of the insertion angle and the sum of the direction sines of the insertion angle by the number of the boreholes, and then calculating the square root of the sum of the squares.

4. The excavation efficiency evaluation system according to claim 2 or 3.

5. The excavation efficiency evaluation device is Further provided with an output unit that outputs the drilling end point smoothness calculated by the drilling end point smoothness calculation unit, the drilling parallelism calculated by the drilling parallelism calculation unit, and the over-digging amount calculated by the over-digging calculation unit, The excavation efficiency evaluation system according to claim 2.

6. The output unit is outputting a first indicator including an operation guideline for the drilling operation based on at least one of the drilling end point smoothness, the drilling parallelism, and the over-excavation amount in a manner that can be visually recognized by an operator during the drilling operation or after the drilling operation is completed; The excavation efficiency evaluation system according to claim 5.

7. The output unit is Further outputting a second index which is an index associating the first index with a cost required for the drilling work; The second indicator includes at least one of a material cost per amount of the crushed rock, an energy cost per drilling operation, an amount of the crushed rock per operating hour, a carbon dioxide emission amount, a water consumption amount, and a grain size distribution of the crushed rock. The excavation efficiency evaluation system according to claim 6.

8. The information on the grain size distribution of the crushed rock included in the second index is The particle size accumulation curve shows the distribution of particle size of the crushed rocks predicted based on the length of the plurality of boreholes, the insertion angle, the drilling parallelism, and the type and quantity of explosives recorded as the cost required for the drilling work. The output unit outputs information regarding the suitability of the crushed rock with the specifications of a rock sieve provided in a crusher used in a crushing operation, which is a subsequent process of the drilling operation, based on information regarding the particle size distribution of the crushed rock. The excavation efficiency evaluation system according to claim 7.

9. The output unit is A display capable of displaying a three-dimensional space that can be viewed stereoscopically, generating virtual three-dimensional space data of the excavation area; and an evaluation means for evaluating the drilling operation based on an action of a virtual user with respect to the drilling operation. The excavation efficiency evaluation system according to any one of claims 5 to 8.

10. The evaluation means includes: Outputting an evaluation result based on a first evaluation value which is a target value of the drilling end point smoothness, the drilling parallelism, and the over-excavation amount, and a second evaluation value which is an actual value of the drilling end point smoothness, the drilling parallelism, and the over-excavation amount. The excavation efficiency evaluation system according to claim 9.

11. A correction unit that corrects the drilling start point information, which is the position information of the drilling start points of a plurality of drilling holes in the excavation area, and the drilling end point information, which is the position information of the drilling end points of the plurality of drilling holes, based on the strike information, which is information on the strike included in the ground, to calculate the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information; A drilling end point smoothness calculation unit that calculates a drilling end point smoothness, which is the smoothness of the face formed after drilling in the excavation area, based on the standard deviation of the component of the excavation direction of the corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the plurality of excavation holes; A drilling parallelism calculation unit that calculates a drilling parallelism between drilling holes based on a variance value of the relative positions of the start points and end points of the plurality of drilling holes calculated according to the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the plurality of drilling holes; A tunneling efficiency evaluation device equipped with the above.

12. A step of correcting the drilling start point information, which is the position information of the drilling start points of a plurality of drilling holes in the excavation area, and the drilling end point information, which is the position information of the drilling end points of the plurality of drilling holes, based on the strike information, which is information on the strike included in the ground, to calculate the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information; Calculating a drilling end point smoothness, which is the smoothness of the face formed after drilling in the excavation area, based on the standard deviation of the component of the excavation direction of the corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the plurality of drilling holes; Calculating a drilling parallelism between the drilling holes based on a variance value of the relative positions of the start and end points of the plurality of drilling holes calculated according to the corrected drilling start point information and the corrected drilling end point information corresponding to each of the plurality of drilling holes; A method for evaluating tunneling efficiency, comprising:

Images