Method for cultivating oyster mushrooms using bamboo powder, and oyster mushroom beds and oyster mushrooms

Abstract

To provide an oyster mushroom bed cultivation method for efficiently preparing an oyster mushroom bed by utilizing bamboo powder, and to provide an oyster mushroom bed and an oyster mushroom obtained thereby. [Solution] This was obtained by an oyster mushroom bed cultivation method in which at least bamboo powder is mixed into a sawdust medium for oyster mushrooms to create an oyster mushroom bed.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for cultivating oyster mushrooms on a mushroom bed using bamboo powder, an oyster mushroom bed, and oyster mushrooms, and to the oyster mushroom bed and oyster mushrooms obtained thereby. [Background technology]

[0002] Bamboo has been used for many years for various purposes, but recent changes in lifestyles have led to a sharp decline in bamboo forests and bamboo material use due to the import of cheap products, and the rapid increase in unmanaged abandoned bamboo forests due to the aging of managers and a lack of successors, which has become a major social problem. In 2017, the area of ​​bamboo forests in Japan was 167,000 hectares, and including invaded bamboo forests, it reached 42 hectares, which is equivalent to the area of ​​Nagasaki Prefecture. It has also been reported that the area has increased by about 10% in the last 30 years, and the current situation is that bamboo forests are still left untouched. If we could improve this situation even a little and make effective use of it, it would be an effective method for farmers who are struggling with abandoned bamboo forests and for oyster mushroom bed producers. Therefore, we wondered if we could use the bamboo powder as a material for oyster mushroom bed production.

[0003] Conventionally, there have been artificial cultivation methods for mushrooms that use a culture medium mainly made of powdered bamboo (JP Patent Publication No. 5-153853), a mushroom cultivation bed that can significantly promote the growth of edible or medicinal mushrooms using compost mainly made of bamboo (JP Patent Publication No. 2007-97487), cultivation beds using bamboo powder that promotes growth, prevents disease and buffers the cultivated fruit, and can be decomposed and assimilated with the cultivation medium after harvesting (JP Patent Publication No. 2013-70686), and bamboo sawdust and bamboo chips can be used as a substitute for broad-leaved sawdust by using them as a medium base for mushrooms (JP Patent Publication No. 2017-38584). On the other hand, no prior art has been found regarding the use of bamboo powder to create a mushroom bed. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 5-153853 [Patent Document 2] JP 2007-97487 A [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-70696 [Patent Document 4] Problems to be solved by the invention of JP2017-38584A

[0005] Firstly, the amount of abandoned bamboo forests (bamboo that has been abandoned for management) in Japan has increased by approximately 10% in the 30 years between 14.7ha in 1986 and 16.7ha in 2017. This area is equivalent to the entire area of ​​Nagasaki prefecture, and is increasing every year. This situation is not only affecting artificial forests, but also causing damage by invading farmland (Forestry Agency 2004; Kitajima 2008). The damage caused by the expansion of bamboo forests is thought to be due not only to the reproductive ability of bamboo, but also because it is not being actively used. As it is currently impossible to expect a rapid expansion in the use of bamboo, it is possible that the damage caused by bamboo will continue to increase in the future. In order to promote the use of bamboo, businesses have been quick to develop crushers specifically for bamboo, but unless they are combined with a specific purpose, it seems unlikely that use will be promoted. In recent years, there has been an urgent need to find an effective way to utilize bamboo powder.

[0006] In this regard, Patent Document 1 describes a method for artificially cultivating Enoki mushrooms, Shimeji mushrooms, Shiitake mushrooms, and Maitake mushrooms in a culture medium mainly composed of granular bamboo powder, but does not disclose any specific uses for bamboo powder suitable for creating an oyster mushroom bed, and it cannot be said that an effective use has been established.

[0007] In addition, Patent Document 2 describes a mushroom bed made from compost made from treated bamboo or bamboo shoot bark waste, which significantly promotes the growth of edible or medicinal mushrooms, but does not disclose a method of use suitable for creating an oyster mushroom bed, and it cannot be said that an effective use has been established.

[0008] Furthermore, Patent Document 3 describes that a mushroom bed medium made from bamboo powder promotes growth, prevents disease in the grown fruit, and provides a buffer, and that after harvest, it is corroded, decomposed, and assimilated into the growth medium. However, it does not disclose a method of use suitable for creating an oyster mushroom bed, and it cannot be said that effective use has been established.

[0009] Furthermore, Patent Document 4 describes that bamboo sawdust and bamboo chips can be used as a mushroom culture substrate instead of hardwood sawdust, and that mushrooms such as shiitake, enokitake, antler reishi, king oyster mushroom, and shimeji mushrooms are cultivated using wood-decaying fungi. However, it does not disclose a method of use suitable for creating an oyster mushroom bed, and it cannot be said that an effective use has been established.

[0010] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and aims to provide a technique suitable for producing an oyster mushroom bed using bamboo, thereby providing an oyster mushroom bed cultivation method using bamboo, and an oyster mushroom bed and oyster mushrooms obtained by the method.

[0011] In this invention, rice bran is usually used as a nutrient source for the mushroom bed, but in this invention, bamboo powder was dried and crushed to provide nutrients for the mushroom bed, and verification was attempted. As a result, the following findings were obtained.

[0012] This is an oyster mushroom culture bed cultivation method in which bamboo powder is mixed with a sawdust oyster mushroom culture medium to create an oyster mushroom culture bed, or the oyster mushroom culture bed is obtained by mixing dried and crushed bamboo powder with a sawdust oyster mushroom culture medium.

[0013] The ratio of bamboo powder added to rice bran is approximately 10% to approximately 90% by mass.

[0014] Furthermore, the present invention relates to an oyster mushroom bed produced by the oyster mushroom bed cultivation method, and an oyster mushroom produced by the oyster mushroom bed cultivation method.

[0015] The bamboo powder used in the present invention for cultivating oyster mushrooms on a sawdust bed converts the bamboo from abandoned bamboo forests, which are a problem all over Japan, into nutrients and can be used without any problems when creating a sawdust bed for oyster mushrooms. Furthermore, the bamboo powder has a fast growth rate, which increases the annual yield of oyster mushrooms and saves on air conditioning costs during cultivation, making it a very effective industrial method of use. In addition, while the yield of shiitake, maitake, and wood ear mushrooms did not change when bamboo powder was added, a significant effect was seen in the case of oyster mushrooms. Furthermore, the umami component (guanylic acid) was significantly higher, which makes it possible to cultivate oyster mushrooms on a sawdust bed of higher quality and yield. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] A graph showing the effect of the bamboo powder addition ratio on the growth of oyster mushrooms. [Diagram 2] A graph showing the effect of the bamboo powder addition rate on the yield of oyster mushroom fruit bodies. [Diagram 3] A graph showing the effect of the bamboo powder addition ratio on the components of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies (general components) [Figure 4] A graph showing the effect of the bamboo powder addition ratio on the components of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies (trace components) [Diagram 5] A graph showing the effect of the addition of bamboo powder on the components of oyster mushroom fruit bodies (guanylic acid) [Figure 6] The graph shows the effect of the bamboo powder addition rate on the yield of oyster mushroom fruit body and guanylic acid. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THEINVENTION

[0017] [1] Bamboo powder The results of the bamboo powder component analysis are shown in Table 1. The mineral components of bamboo powder are mainly potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Among these, it can be seen that the potassium content is extremely high.

[0018] [Table 1]

[0019] [2] Bamboo powder addition ratio Bamboo powder and rice bran were mixed and the ratio of the added bamboo powder was varied (10% to 90% in 10% increments) to create a mushroom bed, and the effect of the ratio of the added bamboo powder on the growth of Oyster mushroom mycelium was investigated. As a result, it was found that the growth speed was faster when the ratio of the added bamboo powder was 60% or more, which was the optimal condition.

[0020] On the other hand, bamboo powder was mixed with rice bran and the ratio of addition was changed to create oyster mushroom beds, and the growth of the fungus was measured. The results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 1.

[0021] [Table 2]

[0022] As shown in Table 2 and Figure 1, the results showed that the oyster mushrooms grew faster in all cases when bamboo powder was mixed in than in a 0% (rice bran only) mushroom bed, and there was a difference of 30 days when the bamboo powder addition rate was 60% or more, proving that this is a very effective cultivation method. It was also found that the speed of the oyster mushroom hyphae in the mushroom bed gradually increased as the addition rate increased. After that, the oyster mushroom bed matured after 30 days, and oyster mushroom fruiting bodies appeared after 10 days.

[0023] [3] Oyster mushroom yield Bamboo powder and rice bran were mixed and the ratio of addition was changed (10% to 90% in 10% increments) to create a mushroom bed, and the effect of the ratio of bamboo powder addition on the yield of Oyster mushroom fruit bodies was investigated. As a result, it was found that the yield peaked at a bamboo powder addition ratio of 70%, and the yield decreased when bamboo powder was added at a rate higher than this, and it was found that these were the optimal conditions.

[0024] [Table 3]

[0025] As shown in Table 3 and Figure 2, the results showed that the yield of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies was higher when bamboo powder was mixed in than when the mushroom bed was used in the 0% group (rice bran only) and that the peak yield was more than double at an additive rate of 70%, making this an effective cultivation method. It was also found that as the additive rate increased, the yield of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies in the mushroom bed gradually increased, peaking at 70% and then decreasing.

[0026] [4] Ingredients of oyster mushrooms grown on bamboo powder Bamboo powder and rice bran were mixed and the ratio of addition was varied (10% to 90% in 10% increments) to create a mushroom bed, and the effect of the ratio of bamboo powder addition on the components of the oyster mushroom fruiting body was investigated. As a result, the ratio of bamboo powder addition had no effect on the general components. However, it was found that the contents of potassium and guanylic acid, a flavor component, increased in trace components, proving that these were favorable conditions.

[0027] [Table 4]

[0028] As shown in Table 4 and Figure 3, the bamboo addition rate had no effect whatsoever on the components (general components) of the oyster mushroom fruiting body, and there were no problems with the quality of the fruiting body at any addition rate.

[0029] [Table 5]

[0030] As shown in Table 5 and Figure 4, the bamboo addition rate had no effect on the components (trace components) of the oyster mushroom fruiting body for sodium, magnesium, or calcium, and there were no problems with the quality of the fruiting body at any addition rate. However, for potassium, the amount of potassium in the fruiting body increased slightly as the bamboo addition rate increased. This is thought to be due to a growth factor for the oyster mushroom mycelium in the bamboo.

[0031] [Table 6]

[0032] As shown in Table 6 and Figure 5, the results showed that mixing bamboo powder with 0% (rice bran only) was more effective than using bamboo powder as a culture bed, as the amount of guanylic acid in the oyster mushroom fruiting bodies peaked at 70% bamboo powder addition, which was 1.75 times that of rice bran, making this a more effective cultivation method. Furthermore, there was not much difference compared to rice bran at other addition rates. The results overlap with the peak yield of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies, and it was found that using bamboo powder resulted in higher quality oyster mushroom fruiting bodies and a higher yield.

[0033] Based on the above considerations, a method for preparing oyster mushroom beds will be described. 1 Sift the beech (or broadleaf oak or chestnut) sawdust through a mesh sieve to make the particles of the same size. 2 As a nutrient source, bamboo is cut down, dried for a week, and then ground into bamboo powder using a grinder and added. 3 Put 800g of ingredients into each culture bottle, make a hole in the centre with a test tube to inoculate the seed culture, and pack the hole down with a rolling pin. 4 Finally, remove the test tube, cover with aluminum foil, and sterilize in an autoclave at 105°C for 8 hours, repeating the process twice. 5 Inoculate 15g of oyster mushroom spawn into a sawdust medium with a hole in the center.

[0034] In addition, the verification results of the above-mentioned oyster mushroom bed preparation method were performed as follows. Each test area had five mushroom beds, and after inoculating the medium with the seeds, they were cultured for 60 days in a dark room at a temperature of 20°C and humidity of 65%. The culture was completed when the mushroom beds had spread over the entire culture bottle. Every day, the growth rate of the Oyster mushroom mycelium was measured in mm units. Measurements were taken as an average of the five mushroom beds.

[0035] [5] Characteristics of bamboo-based oyster mushrooms The results of a comparison of the yield and umami component (guanylic acid) of oyster mushrooms with 0% bamboo powder and those of oyster mushrooms made using the oyster mushroom bed preparation method according to the embodiment are shown in Figure 6. The yield of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies and guanylic acid are both unique to oyster mushrooms, with a bamboo powder ratio of 70%. The bamboo powder oyster mushrooms were of higher quality than rice bran oyster mushrooms in terms of both yield and nutrition, and also had a better taste. EXAMPLES

[0036] The raw material for the oyster mushroom bed cultivation method was 2,710g of sawdust, and the required amount of dried bamboo powder was mixed with the sawdust in powder form and water was added little by little while mixing. [Industrial Applicability]

[0037] According to the present invention, it is possible to produce oyster mushrooms from bamboo powder extracted from abandoned bamboo forests, which contributes to saving on facility maintenance costs due to the rapid productivity of the mushroom beds, contributes to improving the forest environment in Japan due to abandoned bamboo forests, and is useful as something that is friendly to the global environment.Furthermore, it is a technology that can increase the yield and produce high-quality fruit bodies with a significantly high content of umami components (guanylic acid).

Claims

1. This is a method for cultivating oyster mushroom fruiting bodies using an oyster mushroom fruiting body bed in which bamboo powder and rice bran are added to the base material of the medium for oyster mushroom fruiting bodies, characterized in that 70% by mass of bamboo powder is added to the total amount of the bamboo powder and rice bran.

2. The method for cultivating oyster mushroom fruiting bodies according to claim 1, wherein the bamboo powder is from Moso bamboo or Madake bamboo.

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