Crane with adjustable hanging ballast

Abstract

To provide a crane with simpler and less expensive structure for ideal stepless adjustment of a hanging ballast radius.SOLUTION: There is provided a crane equipped with a main boom and a rearward-facing derrick boom to support the main boom. A hanging ballast is attached directly or indirectly to a derrick head via connecting means. There is at least one undulating ballast adjustment boom located at the rear. The ballast adjustment boom acts on the connecting means, and the hanging ballast radius can be adjusted steplessly according to the undulation angle.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2a

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a crane comprising a main boom and an aft-directed derrick boom for supporting the main boom, with suspended ballast attached directly or indirectly to the derrick head via a connection means. [Background technology]

[0002] Today's conventional cranes, especially crawler cranes with counter booms (hereinafter also referred to as derrick booms), reach physical limits when adjusting the main boom. These limits are based on the lever arm and moment ratios in the crane geometry. A steeper angular position of the derrick boom improves the lever geometry for erecting the main boom, but has the disadvantage that the steeper position results in a relatively small hanging ballast radius, and only a small counter torque is generated by the hanging ballast.

[0003] Preferably, the main boom is a lattice boom made up of a plurality of lattice pieces. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] With a flatter angular position of the derrick boom, the hanging ballast radius and the generated counter torque are increased, but at the expense of the resulting lever arm to the main boom. This is shown in Fig. 1a and 1b. The crane shown here diagrammatically comprises a main boom 1, the bracing 2 of which is attached to a derrick head 3a of a derrick boom 3. The derrick head 3a is further connected to the crane's turntable 5 via a bracing 4. The hanging ballast 7 is attached to the derrick head 3a via another connection means 6. For a steeply positioned derrick boom 3, as shown in Fig. 1a, an optimal lever arm exists, but the hanging ballast radius r1 is relatively small. However, as shown in Fig. 1b, a flatter position of the derrick boom 3 increases the hanging ballast radius r2, at the expense of the resulting lever arm 8.

[0005] However, in order to be able to erect the longest possible boom system, a lever arm as large as possible and a counter torque as high as possible are necessary. The prior art therefore already deals with adjustment mechanisms for the hanging ballast. Known are rigid guides, which always urge the hanging ballast outwards in order to increase the radius. However, when the main boom is arranged steeply and only a small forward moment occurs in the operation of the crane, a large hanging ballast radius is in the way. Since there is only a small forward moment and a large rearward moment, the hanging ballast cannot be kept in the air and must therefore be placed on the ground. However, in this case it is no longer possible to move the crane laterally or rotate it. Alternatively, the hanging ballast can be de-ballasted, but this is very time-consuming.

[0006] As a development, therefore, the prior art has proposed variable length guides with telescopic or folding mechanisms, the length of which determines the ballast radius, but such structures are relatively complex and expensive.

[0007] It is therefore an object of the present invention to show a simpler and cheaper structure for an ideal, stepless adjustment of the hanging ballast radius. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] This object is achieved by a crane with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the crane are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0009] According to the invention, it is proposed to extend a conventional crane by at least one rearward facing ballast adjustment boom which is hoistably mounted on the crane, in particular on the upper carriage or turntable of the crane. The rearwardly arranged ballast adjustment boom acts on the connection means between the derrick head and the suspended ballast, so that by changing the hoisting angle of the ballast adjustment boom the suspended ballast radius can be changed at the same time. By means of the hoisting movement the radius of the suspended ballast can be changed, in particular steplessly, from very small to very large.

[0010] The central idea of ​​the invention therefore consists in that the hanging ballast attached to the derrick head is urged radially outwards away from the crane by the ballast adjustment boom, which acts appropriately on the connection means inserted between the derrick head and the hanging ballast. It does not play any role whether the hanging ballast is hooked directly to the derrick head or indirectly connected to the derrick head via the head of the ballast adjustment boom. The outreach of the ballast adjustment boom therefore determines the existing hanging ballast radius.

[0011] Such a structure is relatively easy to realize, in particular in a substantially simpler and less expensive manner, compared to the above-mentioned folding or telescopic mechanisms of the prior art. Another advantage is obtained by the very simple and time-saving assembly of such a ballast adjustment boom during the installation of the crane. Moreover, another advantage of the invention consists in that it is not necessary to change the hoisting angle of the derrick boom in order to change the radius of the suspended ballast. As a result, an actuator otherwise required for the derrick boom can be omitted.

[0012] If necessary, such a ballast adjustment boom can be easily constructed to be very long, which provides a very large hanging ballast radius with a horizontal boom position, which results in a very large and flexible usable range of the hanging ballast radius, and the ballasting requires a significantly smaller weight compared to conventional cranes.

[0013] The ballast adjustment boom can be preferably constructed straight, i.e. for example rod-shaped. This structure can be latticed at the desired boom width and boom length. Since the ballast adjustment boom has to absorb mainly compressive forces, a cheap and simple structure is possible. The lateral forces that occur can be absorbed more easily due to the straight design of the ballast adjustment boom. The straight design also makes it easier to assemble it to the crane.

[0014] Ideally, the derrick boom hoist angle remains constant at least during the adjustment of the hanging ballast radius, or at least changes only to a small extent compared to the change in the hoist angle of the ballast adjustment boom, which results in a change in the distance between the derrick head and the ballast adjustment boom, i.e., this distance determines the hanging ballast radius setting.

[0015] To realise the central idea of ​​the invention, as already mentioned above, the suspended ballast may be attached to the derrick boom, in particular the derrick head, either directly or, expediently, via a single connection means, however, for the direct connection, multiple connection means in series or parallel may also be used.

[0016] Alternatively, the hanging ballast may be indirectly attached to the derrick boom, in particular the derrick head, where indirectly means through the intermediation of a ballast adjustment boom.

[0017] In the case of an alternative indirect connection, the connection means may consist of a plurality of individual connection means separated from one another. According to a preferred embodiment, a first connection means may be provided for connecting the derrick head to the ballast adjusting boom, which is formed, for example, by a suitable strand. Here too it applies that the first connection means may be formed by a plurality of connection elements running in parallel or in series.

[0018] Furthermore, according to this advantageous embodiment, second connection means may be provided for connecting the ballast adjusting boom head to the hanging ballast, which may likewise be formed by a suitable strand and / or may consist of a number of connection elements running in parallel or in series.

[0019] At least the first (and ideally the second) connection means are configured with a variable length, the length being preferably adjustable or controllable by at least one actuator. When using strands, the length adjustment is preferably realised by one or more cable pulleys or pulley blocks. Adjusting the length of the first connection means therefore makes it possible to vary the distance between the derrick head and the ballast adjustment boom, thereby influencing the resulting suspended ballast radius. Changing the length of the second connection means allows an individual adaptation of the hoisting height of the suspended ballast.

[0020] Thus, at least one cable winch may be used as an actuator for length adjustment and for varying the hoisting angle. By retracting the cable at the first connection means the distance between the derrick head and the ballast adjustment boom can be reduced, while by lowering it by gravity the distance increases.

[0021] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the second connection means is configured as wide as possible, so that twisting of the suspended ballast can be largely prevented. For example, two parallel-running pulley blocks are used, which respectively connect the ballast adjustment boom head to the suspended ballast. The at least two parallel-running pulley blocks may be formed by one common cable or alternatively by separate cables. Each pulley block comprises several ropes between the ballast adjustment boom and the suspended ballast with the corresponding deflection pulley. The actuation of the pulley blocks may be achieved via a common actuator, in particular a dual cable winch. Alternatively, separate, physically separated cable winches may be used, which must, however, be actuated in a synchronized manner in order to avoid diagonal pulling.

[0022] The separate cables for the pulley block construction may be connected to each other at their ends, directly or indirectly, at a common cable anchorage in the ballast adjustment boom. A locker attached to the ballast adjustment boom may be used for indirect connection of the cable ends of the pulley blocks.

[0023] However, it is not absolutely necessary to connect the cable ends of the separate cables of the pulley blocks to each other: instead, they may be fixed to the ballast adjusting boom via separate cable fixations.

[0024] For more flexible length adjustment, at least one of the cable ends may be fixed to the ballast adjustment boom via a variable length actuator. Thus, by activating the actuator, the cable length as well as the placement and hoisting height of the hanging ballast may be changed to place the ballast diagonally / horizontally or to raise the ballast from the ground and possibly to put the ballast down, as required.

[0025] The advantageous embodiment with the indirect connection of the hanging ballast by the first and second connection means includes the possibility of operating the crane without a guide, i.e. without an adjustable hanging ballast, if necessary. The ballast adjustment boom according to the invention may then be used as an assembly platform for a derrick boom. Here, the optimum is a variable length structure of the ballast adjustment boom, since the ballast adjustment boom needs to be reduced in length for its function as an assembly platform. This may be done by actuator or manually, for example by attaching the boom head directly to the articulated piece of the ballast adjustment boom without any intermediate piece.

[0026] As an alternative to the above-described embodiment, the suspended ballast may be attached directly to the derrick boom, for example by using a continuous connection means, which may of course consist of a number of connection elements arranged in series or in parallel.

[0027] In the variant with direct attachment, at least one run-off element is arranged on the ballast adjustment boom head, which contacts the continuous connection means and in particular pushes the connection means out or is guided through the connection means, so that the ballast adjustment boom may urge the connection means and the suspended ballast radially away from the crane by means of the run-off element.

[0028] Chains, in particular steel or plastic chains, have proven to be suitable continuous connection means. Suitable plastic straps may also be considered. When using chains, a chain sprocket or gear wheel is preferably used as a push-out element rotatably mounted on the head of the ballast adjustment boom. To force the rotation of the chain sprocket or gear wheel, a corresponding actuator is used. Thereby, a change in the hoisting angle of the ballast adjustment boom is brought about, either upwards or downwards, depending on the direction of rotation.

[0029] Instead of a chain, a cable may be used as the connecting means stretching between the derrick boom and the suspended ballast, where a cable pulley is used as the pushing element, which is rotatably arranged at the head of the ballast adjustment boom and which rolls down the stretched cable while at the same time urging it radially outwardly away from the crane.

[0030] A separate adjustment cable may be provided as an actuator for the cable pulley. The adjustment cable forms a pulley block between the push-out element / cable pulley of the ballast adjustment boom and at least one deflection pulley in the hanging ballast to allow adjusting the distance between the ballast adjustment boom and the hanging ballast. Of course, a corresponding pulley block may also be mounted together with the derrick boom. Furthermore, at least one cable winch for the adjustment cable is provided.

[0031] In particular, the adjustment cable may be actuable, for example, by a winch arranged on the crane, in particular on the ballast adjustment boom. The adjustment cable proceeds from the cable winch and is guided over the above-mentioned cable pulley on the ballast adjustment boom to the hanging ballast, where it is deflected by a further deflection pulley and guided back to the ballast adjustment boom to which the cable end is rigidly attached. By retracting the adjustment cable, the ballast adjustment boom is thus pushed downwards. Expediently, the articulation of the ballast adjustment boom to the crane, in particular to the turntable, is designed in such a way that, due to geometrical conditions, it is always pushed upwards.

[0032] A mixed form of the above mentioned advantageous embodiment may be realized by means of a capstan winch, where the hanging ballast is directly hung on the derrick head via a continuous connection means, in particular a cable, but separate cable adjusters are formed between the derrick head and the ballast adjustment boom head on the one hand and between the ballast adjustment boom head and the hanging ballast on the other hand by deflection pulleys provided there. The common cable is actuated, preferably via a capstan winch mounted on the ballast adjustment boom, in order to synchronously change the distance between the derrick head and the ballast adjustment boom head or between the ballast adjustment boom head and the hanging ballast. For example, if the cable is retracted from the first cable adjuster by means of the capstan winch, it is simultaneously lowered to the second cable adjuster and vice versa.

[0033] To provide height adjustment of the hanging ballast for the above mentioned solutions by means of direct suspension and continuous connection means, the adjustment means may be connected to the derrick head or to the hanging ballast via at least one suitable actuator. Such actuator, preferably a cylinder, allows a change in the overall length of the tensioned connection means in order to raise or lower the hanging ballast.

[0034] For the advantageous embodiment shown, it is also advantageous to provide at least one additional actuator for the hoisting actuation of the ballast adjustment boom. Such an actuator serves less for the adjustment of the hoisting angle to effect a change in radius, but rather for installation purposes to bring the ballast adjustment boom to the desired hoisting position during the construction of the crane, for connecting the connection means or for erecting the derrick boom. If necessary, said actuator is applied for the derrick boom. Possible actuators include corresponding hoisting cylinders articulated to the crane or to the upper carriage of the crane and connected to the respective boom system.

[0035] In order to obtain the highest possible lifting capacity, the articulation point of the ballast adjustment boom is preferably selected as close as possible to the slewing ring of the upper carriage of the crane. If a spatial offset between the slewing ring and the articulation point of the ballast adjustment boom is unavoidable, the turntable should be designed as torsionally rigid as possible in this area, thereby dissipating lateral forces that arise due to the rotation of the upper carriage (mass inertia of the hanging ballast) or due to the tilt at the head of the ballast adjustment boom and act as a torsion on the turntable. Theoretically, the articulation point of the ballast adjustment boom may be located at the upper carriage of the desired crane, i.e. also at the rear of the crane.

[0036] Typically, the support force acting on the support between the derrick head and the turntable is monitored for control purposes of the crane and is utilized for the evaluation of the stability of the crane. In the present application, this force is preferably utilized for a controlled adaptation of the hanging ballast radius. This means that the crane advantageously includes a crane controller, which determines the force on the support between the derrick head and the upper carriage of the crane and automatically adapts the hanging ballast radius by varying the hoisting angle of the ballast adjustment boom depending on the detected force.

[0037] For controlled adaptation of the hanging ballast radius, it is preferred if the controller is programmed so that the forces acting on the support between the derrick boom and the upper carriage of the crane remain within a particular force window.

[0038] According to another optional embodiment, the installed crane controller can further monitor the hoisting height of the suspended ballast and by activating corresponding actuators can maintain the hoisting height almost constant or within a predetermined tolerance.

[0039] Further advantages and properties of the invention are explained in detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0040] [Figure 1a] FIG. 1a shows a schematic diagram of a crane, representing a conventional crawler crane. [Figure 1b] FIG. 1b shows a schematic diagram of a crane representing a conventional crawler crane. [Figure 2a] FIG. 2a shows a schematic representation of a crane according to the invention, including a ballast adjusting boom and two connection means, with the main boom lowered or raised. [Figure 2b] FIG. 2b shows a schematic representation of a crane according to the invention, including a ballast adjusting boom and two connection means, with the main boom lowered or raised. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the crane of FIGS. 2a and 2b to illustrate the lateral and torsional forces that occur. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the crane of FIGS. 2 and 3 with a shortened ballast adjustment boom. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of a crane according to the invention, comprising a chain as a continuous connecting means. [Figure 6]FIG. 6 shows another alternative embodiment of a crane according to the invention, with a support element as the continuous connection means and a deflection pulley as the push-out element. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a crane according to the present invention with a capstan winch on the ballast adjusting boom. [Figure 8a] FIG. 8a shows a different embodiment of a cable adjuster between the ballast adjustment boom and the hanging ballast. [Figure 8b] FIG. 8b shows a different embodiment of a cable adjuster between the ballast adjustment boom and the hanging ballast. [Figure 8c] FIG. 8c shows a different embodiment of a cable adjuster between the ballast adjustment boom and the hanging ballast. [Figure 8d] FIG. 8d shows a different embodiment of a cable adjuster between the ballast adjustment boom and the hanging ballast. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0041] The object of the invention is to provide a rather simple constructional solution for the stepless adjustment of the hanging ballast. The basic idea of ​​the invention is the same for all exemplary embodiments of figures 2-8, i.e. the installation of a second counter boom, hereinafter referred to as ballast adjustment boom 10. The ballast adjustment boom 10 is connected to the turntable 5 of the upper carriage of the crane in addition to the derrick boom 3 so that it can be raised and lowered about a horizontal axis. The derrick boom 3 still fulfills the function of increasing the lever arm 8 with respect to the main boom 1, in particular when raising the main boom 1 from a flat position to a working position. By raising and lowering the ballast adjustment boom 10, the radius r of the hanging ballast 7 can be varied from very small to very large. Even with a steep main boom 1 (fig. 2b), it is possible to reduce or keep the rear reaction moment very small without having to deposit ballast 7 for this purpose. That is to say, the ballast 7 can be suspended on the crane structure.

[0042] A first exemplary embodiment of this idea will be described with reference to Figs. 2a, 2b. As in conventional cranes (for example as shown in Figs. 1a, 1b), the derrick boom 3 again forms a first counter boom to the main boom 1. The derrick boom 3 is connected to the main boom 1 via a support 2. The support 4 runs from the derrick head 3a to the turntable 5 of the crane. The suspended ballast 7 is indirectly connected to the derrick head 3a via a ballast adjusting boom head 10a. In particular, the suspended ballast 7 is attached to the head 10a of the ballast adjusting boom 10 via a second connecting means in the form of a cable pulley block 12. Through a first connecting means, also designed as a cable pulley block 11, the head 10a is connected to the derrick head 3a, so that the suspended ballast 7 is finally engaged to the derrick boom 3.

[0043] The distance between the derrick boom 3 and the ballast adjusting boom 10 can thus be changed via the cable adjuster 11. The distance between the ballast adjusting boom 10 and the suspended ballast 7 is likewise variable via the cable adjuster 12, whereby the hoisting height of the suspended ballast 7 is adjustable. It is therefore possible to change the suspended ballast radius r by adjusting the angle of the ballast adjusting boom 10. The adjustment of the ballast adjusting boom 10 is performed by increasing or decreasing the distance between the head piece 3a of the derrick boom 3 and the head piece 10a of the ballast adjusting boom 10.

[0044] 2a, 2b, the cable adjustment for the pulley blocks 11, 12 can be performed via two separate winches. At least one winch for the cable adjuster 11 is preferably attached to the derrick boom 3, in particular to an articulation piece present therein, while at least one winch for the cable adjuster 12 sits on the ballast adjustment boom 10, or to an articulation piece present therein.

[0045] For the assembly of the crane shown in Fig. 2a, 2b, an additional actuator (for example, erection cylinder 22) can be installed between the ballast adjustment boom 10 and the turntable 5. By means of the additional actuator (erection cylinder 22), the ballast adjustment boom 10 can be biased from the horizontal position to the tilted position. Alternatively, an auxiliary crane can of course be used as well. Ideally, the erection cylinder 22 is unpressurized during operation and no additional moment is introduced to the ballast adjustment boom 10. When the ballast adjustment boom 10 is in the tilted position, the ballast adjustment boom 10 can be connected to the derrick boom 3 via the support 11 and to the hanging ballast 7 via the support 12. The derrick boom 3 can then be erected via the cable adjuster 11 and the support 4 between the head piece 3a of the derrick boom 3 and the turntable 5 can be closed. The derrick boom 3 can then erect the main boom 1 as known.

[0046] In such an embodiment including at least two separate winches, as shown in Figures 2a, 2b, the prior art operating mode with unguided suspended ballast 7 is also possible, if necessary, or when the crane configuration and the desired operating mode do not require adjustment of the suspended ballast radius. In this case, the ballast adjustment boom 10' can be shortened, for example, by attaching the head piece 10a directly to the articulation piece, without any intermediate piece. The ballast adjustment boom 10' in this configuration simply serves as an assembly platform for the derrick boom 3, as already explained above with respect to the described assembly operation. Such a special configuration is shown in Figure 4.

[0047] Alternatively, the suspended ballast 7 may be attached directly to the derrick boom 3 via a continuous connection means. An example of this is shown in FIG. 5, where the movement adjustment between the head pieces 3a, 10a of the two counter booms 3, 10 is performed by a chain drive. In this solution, a chain 13 is installed specifically between the derrick head 3a and the suspended ballast 7. The ballast adjustment boom 10 is moved along the chain 13 by an actuator in the form of a gear wheel or a chain sprocket 14, which changes the distance between the head pieces 3a, 10a of the two counter booms 3, 10. As a result, the distance between the head piece 10a of the ballast adjustment boom 10 and the suspended ballast 7 changes as well.

[0048] An actuator in the form of a tensioning cylinder 20 may then additionally be installed on the chain strand 13 for height adjustment of the suspended ballast 7. By means of the tensioning cylinder 20, the suspended ballast 7 can be maintained at a low height above the ground. As a result, the chain drive may be constituted by a steel chain, a plastic chain or a plastic strap. Furthermore, a toothed belt drive is also conceivable. The actuator 14 must then be correspondingly adapted to the plastic chain, plastic strap or toothed belt.

[0049] The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6 can be seen as an alternative to a chain drive. Here, instead of a chain, a cable 15 is stretched between the derrick head 3a and the hanging ballast 7. The cable 15 is a bracing cable, ideally made of aramid, dyneema or other plastic fibers. A steel cable is also conceivable. A deflection pulley 16 can move along this support element 15, thus biasing it radially away from the crane. An adjustment cable 17 extending between the ballast adjustment boom 10 and the hanging ballast 7 serves to lower the ballast adjustment boom 10. The adjustment cable 17 is actuated via a winch attached to the articulated piece of the boom 10 and extends beyond the deflection pulley 16a to the hanging ballast 7, where it is guided by at least one further deflection pulley 7a to the deflection pulley 16b or back to the head 10a, where it is firmly fixed. The function of this structure is based on the fact that the ballast adjusting boom 10 is pushed upwards due to geometrical conditions, which is prevented by the adjusting cable 17. When the adjusting cable 17 is retracted, the ballast adjusting boom 10 moves downwards and the hanging ballast radius increases. In the opposite case, the adjusting cable 17 is withdrawn and the ballast adjusting boom 10 automatically moves upwards due to geometrical conditions.

[0050] In this embodiment, additional actuators in the form of tension cylinders 20 may also be installed in the cable strands for separate height adjustment of the hanging ballast 7 .

[0051] A variant of the exemplary embodiment of figures 2a, 2b is shown in figure 7. In this variant, separate actuators for the cable adjusters 11, 12 are not provided, but instead a common capstan winch 21 is used, which provides for simultaneous adjustment of the ballast adjustment boom 10 and change of the distance between the head piece 10a of the ballast adjustment boom 10 and the hanging ballast 7. For this purpose, a common cable 18 is sucked into both cable adjusters 11, 12. For example, by means of a capstan winch 21 arranged on the ballast adjustment boom 10, the cable 18 may for example be retracted from the first cable adjuster 11 and at the same time lowered into the second cable adjuster 12, so that the ballast adjustment boom 10 is positioned steeper, while the distance between the head 10a and the hanging ballast 7 is increased. For better control of the height of the suspended ballast 7, in particular for maintaining it at a constant height above the ground, regardless of the angle of elevation, tension cylinders 20 (not shown) are likewise installed on the cable strands 18.

[0052] Further variants of the structure shown in figures 2a, 2b are shown in the representations of figures 8a to 8d. The cable adjuster 12 for the hanging ballast 7 should be constructed as wide as possible in order to minimize the risk of twisting of the attached hanging ballast 7. A cable adjuster 12 for a hanging ballast 7 with only one pulley block or only one single cable involves the risk of the hanging ballast 7 being in an inclined position. For this reason, the variants of figures 8a to 8d therefore propose two pulley blocks 12a, 12b running in parallel between the head 10a and the hanging ballast 7.

[0053] Here, the hanging ballast 7 can be raised or lowered by the adjuster using two synchronously operable winches for the bowden cables 12a, 12b aligned as horizontally as possible. A dual winch 23 that hoists the cable ends of the pulley blocks 12a, 12b can also be used instead. The parallel pulley blocks 12a, 12b can share a common cable, as shown in Figure 8a. However, as an alternative, two cables (Figure 8b) connected to each other at a common cable fixation at the head 10a of the ballast adjusting boom 10 can also be used.

[0054] The solution according to FIG. 8c is considered the best solution for reducing the risk of twisting of the suspended ballast 7, in which the cable ends of the two cables of the parallel pulley blocks 12a, 12b are connected to each other via a rocker 24 which is itself suspended on the head 10a of the ballast adjusting boom 10.

[0055] According to a further solution of Fig. 8d, the cable ends of the pulley blocks 12a, 12b are fixed to the head 10a of the ballast adjusting boom 10 via separate cable fixations. At least one of these cable fixations can be provided with an actuator 20 (for example a cylinder) via which the cable length can be varied. This allows the suspended ballast pallet 7 to be kept in a horizontal position even if the cables are wound up differently on the dual winch 23 (within the tolerance range). Furthermore, the suspended ballast pallet 7 can be deliberately placed in an inclined position in order to deposit it on an inclined surface.

[0056] The control of the hanging ballast radius can be performed by the crane controller and is ideally the same for all exemplary embodiments. The force present on the support 4 between the headpiece 3a of the derrick boom 3 and the turntable 5 is used to monitor the stability of the crane. Furthermore, this force can be used by the crane controller to automatically adapt the hanging ballast radius in that by adjusting the hanging ballast radius, said force is maintained within a certain force window. The controller can optionally also monitor the hoisting height of the hanging ballast 7 and, if necessary, maintain the hanging ballast 7 at a constant height, independent of the radius. For this purpose, the cable paths of the respective adjusters can be detected and processed by the controller.

[0057] For all the exemplary embodiments described here, some essential advantages can be summarized: The ballast adjustment boom 10 can be designed very long. This provides a large hanging ballast radius with the ballast adjustment boom 10 in the horizontal position. The usable range of the radius of the ballast 7 is larger than in conventional systems. The derrick boom 3 can be kept fixed without moving, which saves on the actuators required. The ballast adjustment boom 10 can be designed straight (not bent as in other systems). As a result, the ballast adjustment boom 10 mainly has to absorb compression forces, which provides a simpler (cheaper) and lighter structure. Due to the straight structure, the lateral forces FQ that occur can be absorbed more easily, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The straight structure of the ballast adjustment boom 10, the erection cylinder 22 and the pre-attached cable adjuster allows a relatively fast and easy assembly.

[0058] In order to obtain the highest possible lifting capacity, the articulation point of the ballast adjusting boom 10 is preferably located as close as possible to the slewing ring 26 (see FIG. 3). If an offset between the slewing ring 26 and the articulation point of the ballast adjusting boom 10 is nevertheless necessary, the turntable 5 should be designed as torsionally rigid as possible in this area. This serves to optimally dissipate the lateral forces FQ that arise at the head 10a of the ballast adjusting boom 10 due to the rotation of the upper carriage (mass inertia of the hanging ballast 7) ​​or due to the tilt position, and that act as a torsion FT on the turntable 5. However, the articulation point of the ballast adjusting boom 10 can be located anywhere on the upper carriage, and therefore also at the rear.

Claims

1. The main boom and A derrick boom connected to the main boom via a support member; a connection means for connecting an underslung ballast to a derrick head of the derrick boom; at least one hoistable ballast adjustment boom disposed behind the derrick boom and adapted to affect a hanging ballast radius by a hoisting angle thereof; the change in the hoisting angle is performed simultaneously with a change in the distance between the derrick head and a ballast adjusting boom head of the ballast adjusting boom and a change in the distance between the ballast adjusting boom head and the suspended ballast; The connection means is a first pulley block connecting the derrick head to the ballast adjusting boom; a second pulley block connecting the ballast adjustment boom head to the hanging ballast. A crane characterized by:

2. The second pulley block is formed by at least two pulley blocks arranged in parallel, 2. The crane of claim 1, wherein a separate or dual cable winch is provided for actuating the two pulley blocks.

3. The second pulley block includes one common cable or at least two separate cables; a plurality of cables are directly connected to each other at their ends at cable connection points on the ballast adjusting boom; or indirectly connected to each other at their ends via connecting lockers; 3. The crane of claim 2, wherein end cable fixations are arranged on the ballast adjustment boom, at least one of the cable fixations including an actuator for varying the cable length.

4. The ballast adjustment boom is shortened by removing the intermediate piece, With the second pulley block connected to the derrick head and the suspended ballast, 2. The crane of claim 1, wherein the derrick boom is configured to be assembled to a turntable.

5. 2. The crane according to claim 1, characterized in that a common cable can be actuated via a capstan winch provided on the ballast adjusting boom to synchronously vary the distance between the derrick head and the ballast adjusting boom head or between the ballast adjusting boom head and the hanging ballast.

6. A crane as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection means is attached to the derrick head or the hanging ballast by a tension cylinder for varying the length of the connection means.

7. 7. The crane according to claim 1, wherein at least one additional actuator is provided for the hoisting movement of the ballast adjustment boom and / or the derrick boom, the actuator operating independently of the connection means.

8. 8. The crane according to claim 1, wherein the articulation point of the ballast adjustment boom is located near the slewing ring of the upper carriage.

9. 9. A crane as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a controller is provided configured to vary the hanging ballast radius in response to forces acting on supports between the derrick head and upper carriage, the forces being controlled and / or regulated by adapting the hanging ballast radius to a set value or range.

10. 10. A crane as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a controller maintains the suspended ballast at a constant height.

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