Apparatus and method for correcting molded objects

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and a device (1) for grinding profiled track rails, specified for rail vehicles. The support is arranged in the device (1) for translational movement by guides (12) in a transverse plane relative to the profile and can be brought into contact with the profile by contact elements (13, 14), so that the support is automatically aligned with the grinding body in a transverse plane relative to the profile and the device (1). Additionally, the support of the grinding body can be reversibly translated parallel to the longitudinal axis of the profile during the rotational movement, so that the grinding body reaches the profiled area several times, and the grinding result is significantly improved by the translational movement.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention relates to a mobile device for profiling mouldings, in particular track rails, in particular specified for rail vehicles, with a convex running surface and a flank defining the moulding, in particular configured as a rail running vehicle. The device comprises at least one shaped grinding body which is movable along the moulding in a feed direction and which can be driven for rotational movement about a rotation axis and / or can be driven in vibration and which is arranged on a support. The invention further relates to a method for profiling mouldings, in which at least one grinding body which is arranged on a support is driven for rotational movement or in vibration about a rotation axis. [Background technology]

[0002] DE 69201811 A1 already discloses a mobile device configured as a rail car with a number of grinding wheels for refining a track rail having a convex running surface and a defining side surface. The device is movable along the track rail in the feed direction, while the grinding wheels can be driven for free rotational movement about their rotation axes at the same time. The grinding wheels each have an inclined rotation axis that does not intersect the rail profile. The grinding wheels are arranged on a frame of the rail car that is movable transversely relative to the track rail and are guided by rollers that bear against the track rail. The frame is used to move the support both transversely and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the rail. The support has at least one support roller, which is arranged directly adjacent to the axis of the corresponding grinding wheel. The support roller bears against the inside of the rail head.

[0003] The former East German Economic Patent No. 219230 describes a device for reshaping rail heads, in which the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel is inclined relative to the vertical and horizontal planes. The grinding wheel is guided in the grinding frame by grinding shoes or running rollers in the height direction and laterally relative to the rail. The grinding wheel has a flat grinding surface, which is reworked during the processing of the rail by pins used for dressing the grinding wheel. The processing of the convex rail head is therefore only partially carried out, so that a grinding surface is formed and the rail transverse shaping part has a discontinuous course.

[0004] In DE 2 612 173 A1, inclined, counter-rotating grinding wheels with offset axes that do not intersect the mold are known. The grinding wheels are suspended on a tool carrier which is movable in height and laterally by means of a track guide system assigned to each rail. A grinding tool arranged on each rail exerts an identical feed movement on the rail head top surface, with independent centering on each rail being achieved by the two frame parts being laterally movable relative to each other.

[0005] Furthermore, from DE 32 27 343 A1 a grinding device is known, in which a tool carrier is arranged below the carriage for each respective rail in a height-adjustable manner, which guides in a defined manner a rotatable processing tool, in particular a pot grinding wheel, via rollers which run laterally on the profile, the axis of rotation of which intersects with the profile of the rail.

[0006] In the rail vehicle according to EP 2 791 422, a face milling disc is arranged on the carriage on a machining plate which is linearly adjustable as a cutting table in the height direction and laterally in relation to the rail and additionally angularly adjustable about its longitudinal and height axes, a measuring sensor which slides against the rail providing a reference value for the adjustment. The following of the tool to the rail can be carried out, for example, by an articulated robot.

[0007] The device known from US Pat. No. 4,583,893 comprises a support element which is linearly movable relative to a rail and a milling tool which performs the contouring. A cutting depth reference guide for the tool support can bear against the upper side of the running surface of the rail and a lateral cutting depth reference guide can bear against the side. Both cutting depth reference guides are supported rotatably on a common shaft and are arranged in front of the milling tool in the feed direction.

[0008] Due to the relatively high axle loads and high running speeds, the rails are often loaded up to the yield point of the rail material and are therefore subjected to wear which adversely affects the running surface contour of the rail head.

[0009] As a result of continuous wear, the running surface of a railway rail does not remain straight and forms irregularities of different lengths over time. These irregularities can be removed by grinding the rail, but irregularities of relatively large length can cause some equipment problems.

[0010] The heads of railway rails must be ground smooth from time to time to remove any corrugations or irregularities that arise in the running surface of the track rail during operation, which excite vibrations in the vehicle wheels that impair the quiet running of the vehicles, cause excessive wear on the track superstructure and the vehicles, and produce high-pitched vehicle noise.

[0011] For this purpose, grinding machines are known which have at least two cup wheels, which have a grinding contour that matches the running surface contour and are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the rail head and which rest with their end faces against the running surface on opposite sides of the rail head.

[0012] For this purpose, for example, methods are known for machining railway rails, in which a number of rotating grinding wheels arranged side by side and one behind the other are used, some of which are inclined according to the original contour of the rail head. With this type of refining method, it is only possible to achieve an approximation to the original contour of the rail head.

[0013] EP 0 315 704 already describes a grinding machine for reshaping the rail head by means of a grinding head that is adjustable by means of a lifting device, the grinding head being capable of being raised and lowered in a continuously offset manner.

[0014] From WO 00 / 58559 a unit of grinding modules arranged on a rail grinding machine is known, which allows for easy reshaping of the rail while taking into account radial deviations when the rail has a small radius of curvature without generating any forcing forces. The grinding tool has five degrees of freedom, in which each grinding module is supported at least approximately vertically adjustably by a frame and at least approximately horizontally adjustably by a rack in the frame.

[0015] Also known are so-called cup grinding tools, which are engaged on their end side into the rail surface and preferably bear at a predefined inclination angle to the rail surface to be ground.

[0016] In so-called offset grinding, the end faces of the grinding tool are also used to process the rail, but the end faces are contoured according to the rail geometry. This is made possible by the fact that the rotation axis does not run through the rail, but runs at a distance to the side. The grinding area is therefore not in front of the rotation axis in the direction of the feed movement, but laterally between the rotation axis and the rail. To achieve sufficient removal capacity, high rotation speeds and / or high pressing forces are adjusted. In practice, this would lead to the flying of sparks and therefore a fire hazard.

[0017] EP 2525933 relates to a device for machining the running surface of a rail head, comprising a frame guided along the rail head, the machining tools being configured as counter-rotatable face mills whose rotation axes extend in a common plane and whose cutting areas overlap one another transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail head.

[0018] Further devices for reprofiling are described in US Pat. No. 4,583,895, DE-A-3,227,343, DE-A-2,801,110 and EP-A-1,918,458.

[0019] From CH 670667, US 5997391, DE 4119525 A1 and JP 2003-053655 A1 devices for refining rails are already known which have an abrasive belt running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rail. During grinding, the abrasive belt is pressed against the rail to be ground by a shaped slide shoe, a movable pressure shoe or a pressure element. Furthermore, DE 202005012147 A1 also relates to a device for refining rails which has a contact roller shaped correspondingly to the rail head, by which the abrasive belt is pressed against the rail head.

[0020] Furthermore, EP 0 444 242 A1 also discloses an apparatus for refining rail running surfaces, which comprises an abrasive belt aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rail, in which a further belt configured as a pressure belt is arranged between the pressure roller and the abrasive belt.

[0021] So-called sliding stones are also used to form-grind the heads of railway rails. Here, grinding cars are used, on the underside of which grinding stones are arranged and guided under pressure over the rail surface. Sliding stone grinding is based on the oscillatory translational movement of a grinding body along the rail while the vehicle is moving. Due to the contouring of the grinding body, which retains its shape well even when worn during use, good surface quality and dimensional stability are in principle achieved.

[0022] The disadvantage of the refining method using a sliding stone is that the sliding stone already in a short time conforms to the worn contour of the rail surface, so that it can achieve the removal of the corrugations and irregularities in the rail surface, but it cannot recreate the original contour of the rail head.

[0023] In order to increase the travel speed achievable with the sliding stone, DE 2132220 A1 proposes providing an abrasive carrier that can be attached to the grinding car. The abrasive carrier has several guide channels facing the rail surface for a relatively coarse abrasive, which comprises loose grains that are fed under pressure through the channels to the rail surface and are held there by the channel walls, with the lower boundary edge of the guide channel having a smaller distance to the rail surface than the grain size of the abrasive. As a result, only relatively small and short chips are produced that can be easily removed without difficulty. This effectively avoids heat build-up and any risk of damage due to lump formation.

[0024] In order to increase the machining speed, it is known, for example from DE 32 22 208 A1, to use milling tools whose cutting edges, distributed in several axial groups over the circumference of the cutter head, reproduce the rail head contour.

[0025] However, due to the arcuate cutting course of the individual cutting edges of the milling tool resulting from such flat milling, irregularities form on the surface of the rail head in the longitudinal direction of the rail, whereby the surface quality deteriorates as the feed speed increases since the distances between successive cutting edges for removing the chips become greater.

[0026] These disadvantages arise, for example, with face mills, as known from US Pat. No. 4,583,893, which are arranged on one side of the rail head and are used with a complex guide, which has a rotatably supported guide disk and, on the opposite rail side, a number of guide rollers.

[0027] Similar disadvantages arise in the device according to EP 0 148 089 A1, where the running surfaces are machined on both sides of the longitudinal center by milling heads, which are configured as face mills but must be used with appropriately inclined axes, since the common milling head must be preceded or followed by a flat mill for the longitudinal surface of the rail head.

[0028] WO 02 / 06587 also describes a method for reshaping at least a convex part of the rail head cross-sectional profile of a rail by means of a plain milling cutter having six or more milling paths positioned next to each other in the longitudinal direction of the rail.

[0029] Further devices for cutting-type post-machining, in particular milling, of rail heads laid on a track are described in documents EP 0 952 255, US 5 549 505, EP 0 668 398, EP 0 668 397, US 4 275 499 and EP 3 222 208.

[0030] Devices are known for machining rail heads with so-called rail planers. DE 28 41 506 A1 discloses such a device, in which a cutting planer cutter machines the rail with a continuous feed motion. With a planer, flat surfaces can be produced with negligible machining paths compared to milling. A disadvantage of planing, in particular compared to milling methods, is the relatively long machining times due to the need for multiple passes over the rail section to be machined.

[0031] In order to obtain a flat surface, EP 2 177 664 A1 proposes moving the cutting edge along a straight trajectory when cutting the workpiece.

[0032] When machining the track rail with a milling tool, a large amount of material is removed, but the surface state thus created requires a post-processing by finishing. In contrast, with known grinding methods, a smaller amount of material is removed than with milling. However, since higher feed rates can be achieved with grinding, in practice both milling and grinding methods are used depending on the respective peripheral conditions.

[0033] It is therefore customary at present to machine rails using milling in one operation and to reduce the machining marks, such as corrugations or marks, which appear on the milled surface by the milling process, by grinding. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0034] [Patent Document 1] DE 69201811 [Patent Document 2] Former East German Economic Patent No. 219230 Specification [Patent Document 3] DE 2612173 A1 [Patent Document 4] DE 3227343 A1 [Patent Document 5] European Patent No. 2791422 [Patent Document 6] U.S. Pat. No. 4,583,893 [Patent Document 7] European Patent No. 0315704 [Patent Document 8] WO 00 / 58559 [Patent Document 9] European Patent No. 2525933 [Patent Document 10] German Utility Model No. 202005012147 [Patent Document 11] European Patent Application Publication No. 0444242 [Patent Document 12] DE 2132220 A1 [Patent Document 13] DE 3222208 A1 [Patent Document 14] U.S. Pat. No. 4,583,893 [Patent Document 15] European Patent Application Publication No. 0148089 [Patent Document 16] WO 02 / 06587 [Patent Document 17] German Patent No. 2841506 [Patent Document 18] European Patent Application Publication No. 2177664 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0035] The object underlying the present invention is to significantly improve the removal capability when reprofiling mouldings and at the same time satisfy the high demands regarding the surface condition and dimensional retention of the mouldings so processed. [Means for solving the problem]

[0036] According to the invention, this problem is solved by a device for refining a track rail according to the features of claim 1. Further developments of the invention can be seen from the dependent claims.

[0037] Therefore, according to the invention, a device for carrying out levelling is provided, in which the axis of rotation can be positioned inclined in a predefined orientation relative to the vertical and / or horizontal plane, the axis of rotation not passing through the molding, in which the support body is arranged in the device in a transverse plane relative to the feed direction, in particular in a translatable manner relative to the transverse plane, the support body being kinematically connected to at least one contact element which can abut in a force-connected manner against the molding as a side copy and / or height copy, by means of which the support body and the grinding body are automatically aligned in the transverse plane relative to the molding and the device.

[0038] In this case, the invention proceeds from the realization that when processing molded parts with a mobile device configured as a rail vehicle, the maintenance of extremely small tolerances can be achieved because the support of the grinding body is movable relative to both the molded part and the mobile device and is automatically aligned when the device is in use, so that at the same time the work result is achieved regardless of the occurrence of wear of the grinding body, which therefore does not adversely affect the quality of the surface treatment.

[0039] In this case, the automatic alignment can be carried out on the basis of a non-contact distance measurement. According to the invention, the device is equipped with a contact element, for example a sliding element such as a carriage, or the unit is equipped with at least one roller or wheel. By means of the contact-based lateral and / or height copy, the support of the grinding body is moved in a lateral plane in the guide and thus adapted to the wear of the grinding wheel. Furthermore, the contact element serves to compensate for position changes towards the outside of the curve that occur when driving through a curve on the basis of the virtually forced guide of the mobile device.

[0040] Such side copies with positive guides are preferably abutted in a force-locking manner against the inner or central side facing the respective other track rail.

[0041] It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the support simultaneously supports several pairs of grinding bodies, which are arranged in a common transverse plane of the device so that they can be aligned not only together with respect to the parallel track rails, but also relatively to one another. By assigning a separate contact element to each grinding body, inaccuracies in the profile along the main extension or deviations of the track rails from the ideal parallel alignment can be compensated for. For this purpose, the contact elements are loaded with a defined, particularly adjustable, preload towards the profile, in particular towards the track rails. As a result, the grinding bodies are simultaneously spread apart relative to one another, so that no additional receiving parts are required, in particular for absorbing the contact forces.

[0042] For the height adaptation, a further contact element, which may here be configured as a roller, is preloaded from above towards the running surface of the profile or track rail, so that an automatic vertical adaptation is also achieved. Moreover, the contact element may have two abutment surfaces, so that a single contact element simultaneously enables horizontal alignment with respect to the side and vertical alignment with respect to the running surface.

[0043] It has already been found that the device constructed in this way does not depend on the movement of the rail vehicle during operation due to the vertical and horizontal guidance of the support body and the grinding body connected to it, so that the working platform does not form a reference for adjusting the tools, as is the case in the background art, but rather directly the molding to be processed itself, as a result of which it is recognized that the influence of deviations is significantly reduced.

[0044] It has been found that the processing quality can be further improved by arranging the grinding bodies together with the contact elements assigned to the mold in a common transverse plane of the device or in a cross-plane of the mold, so that the position of the contact elements as side copies is directly referenced to the center of rotation of the grinding body, which is in particular configured as a cup wheel, so that no lateral deviations occur even when driving around curves. Instead, the contour of the grinding body always remains in line with the mold.

[0045] Particularly preferably, the axis of rotation of the grinding body is oriented in the cross-plane of the profile with a lateral or central transverse offset so that the axis of rotation does not intersect the profile. In this case, the negative shape of the profile is formed on the grinding body by the contact angle and the eccentric position of the cup wheel. In this case, a contact surface is formed, the contact length of which on the profile surface is distributed over the rail transverse profile and is of various lengths. Due to this contact surface extending into the radius region of the profile, the grinding tool is automatically stabilized in the longitudinal direction, which results in optimal smoothing of the profile surface, in particular of residual wavy areas.

[0046] Furthermore, it has already proven to be particularly advantageous if several grinding bodies are arranged on respective supports one after the other in the feed direction, with the rotation axes of the grinding bodies being aligned not parallel but at an angle to one another. The various contact angles of the grinding bodies produce different grinding regions on the surface of the profile. By using different grinding bodies for machining, at different inclination angles, various surface portions (trajectories) which run parallel to one another in the direction of the main extension of the profile, the entire transverse profile can be ground by two grinding bodies which are located one after the other at different angles.

[0047] Since the grinding body can be operated in down-cutting and up-cutting, the direction of rotation of the grinding body is the same both in the feed direction and against the feed direction, so that during the grinding process for material removal, the rotation of the grinding body results in a removal flow, especially a tangential one, which always acts in the same direction, regardless of the direction of movement of the device.

[0048] By orienting the rotation axis of the grinding body not parallel to the transverse plane of the molded part to be processed, but inclined in the feed direction or against the feed direction, a large proportion of the contact surface between the grinding body and the molded part is located in front of or behind the plane of the rotation axis. In this way, backward (pull) or forward (push) processing relative to the feed direction and the transverse plane of the molded part is easily realized.

[0049] In this case, a retreating or advancing arrangement is also feasible for tooth cutting or surface milling to finish the remaining wavy portions.

[0050] In this case, various positions of the grinding body are conceivable. In short, when the axis of rotation runs through the molding, in particular through the central longitudinal axis of the molding, the grinding body is mounted centered, which has already proven to be advantageous during rough grinding. A combination of several grinding bodies can also be used with advantage, at least one axis of rotation of which is oriented to pass through the molding and at least one other axis of rotation of which is oriented laterally offset to the molding and does not intersect with it.

[0051] The use of a grinding body in combination with at least one milling cutter allows the production of partially dimensioned and milled rail cross-sections, so that after grinding, an accurate rail cross-section results. This occurs when the partially dimensioned section protrudes after milling in an area that also corresponds to the normal of the grinding tool (pushing direction = maximum grinding removal amount).

[0052] During the execution of the rail machining, the grinding body rests against the molded part with a force-dependent, in particular adjustable or limitable, pressing force or preload, the control of which is advantageously effected taking into account the relevant parameters of the molded part and the surrounding conditions, which may include the detected torque of the grinding body and the feed rate of the machine.

[0053] The support or axis of rotation is adjustable at a controlled distance to allow quick and reliable adaptation to various moldings, particularly track rails, or to different conditions of use and the associated various relative positions and orientations between the molding and the device.

[0054] In a further embodiment of the invention, which is also expected to produce exceptional results, the support is designed to be reversibly translatable in a plane parallel to the main extent of the profile or track rail in order to introduce a superimposed movement during the rotational and / or vibrational movement. During the reciprocating rotational or vibrational movement of at least one of the grinding bodies designed as a grinding wheel along a specific arc, the support on which the grinding bodies are mounted is moved in a plane parallel to the main extent of the track rail by a simultaneous reversible translational movement, so that the abrasive acts on each rail section multiple times. This results in the grinding area of ​​the grinding body not reaching the rail section only once, but multiple passes of the grinding body, with a correspondingly high removal capacity being achieved. In this way, a surface quality comparable to that of the sliding stone method can be achieved, in particular in this case reliably eliminating corrugations on the rail surface.

[0055] The shape of the track rail to be machined is determined not by the geometry of the grinding bodies but by the contact angle of the grinding bodies, so that no dimensional deviations occur in connection with rotational or vibrational movements. In this case, the combination of several grinding bodies, which is known per se, has already proven to be useful.

[0056] In this case, it is particularly advantageous if the rotation axis of at least one grinding body forms an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the profile. The target shape of the grinding process to be formed is accordingly achieved by a number of grinding bodies which cooperate to form the desired profile. In this case, the rotation axes of the different grinding bodies form an acute angle with respect to one another. Furthermore, the contact angle of at least one grinding body can be designed to be adjustable, and in this case, preferably, the inclination angle of the respective rotation axis is designed to be adjustable even during operation of the device.

[0057] Furthermore, the contact angle can be selected according to the desired constructional freedom, so that optimal grinding results can be achieved even under these spatially limited operating conditions.

[0058] According to a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rotation axis of the grinding body forms an acute angle with the transverse plane of the track rail, in which case rapid removal of the removed material from the machining area is achieved in a simple manner, so that the removed material does not collect in the grinding gap.

[0059] Naturally, the grinding body has a rotationally symmetrical shape. Particularly advantageous here is a configuration of the grinding body which has at least partially a concave shape of the circumferential or end surface, in which the concave grinding surface is adapted to the geometric shape of the profile of the track rail.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the grinding body and / or the support body have at least one electric and / or hydraulic drive, which allows the desired drive power to be provided and also allows the speed of the support body or the grinding body to be rapidly changed by slowing down or accelerating depending on the respective operating situation. In this case, the drive can be arranged centrally on the device or decentrally on the support body, in which case several grinding bodies can be supplied with the required drive power by a common drive.

[0061] Another embodiment of the invention, which is also expected to achieve exceptional results, is achieved by synchronously performing the rotational or oscillating movement of at least one grinding body on the one hand and the translational movement of the support on the other hand by means of a kinematic coupling. In this way, the rotational or oscillating movement is adapted to the movement course of the support. The movement course of the support is periodically braked at the turning points, since it is a reversible translational movement. The associated changes in the relative movement of the grinding body with respect to the track rail are compensated for by the kinematic coupling. The superposition of the other drive power of the grinding body with the other drive power provided by the kinematic coupling can also be realized without problems. For example, racks, connecting rods, connecting rods, etc. can be used for the force transmission. In practice, an additional speed component of the rotation or vibration of the grinding wheel rotation is superimposed on at least one grinding body, especially when the movement direction of the support is opposite to the running direction. In this case, the side copy and the guide are subjected to a force by preloading in the direction of the molding, while the grinding body can be lifted, for example, on one side.

[0062] In a particularly advantageous further variant of the invention, the drive output of the support is utilized for rotating the grinding tool by using the coupling as a single drive output.

[0063] In another embodiment of the invention, which is also expected to produce exceptional results, the synchronized rotational or oscillating movement of at least one grinding body on the one hand and the translational movement of the support on the other hand are performed by hydraulic, pneumatic or electromechanical coupling. In this case, the complementary or single drive power for the at least one grinding body is generated by a periodic increase or decrease in the hydraulic or pneumatic pressure of the drive of the support. The pressure acts in the region of the reversible movement turning point. In this case, a distinction can also be made between the drive power provided at the rear and the front turning point. In this way, for example, the relative speed of the grinding body, which is rotating or oscillating and also translated by the support, relative to the track rail can be kept constant within certain boundary values. For this purpose, a pressure accumulator can be provided, which can thus provide a drive power as uniform as possible.

[0064] The object of the invention is further achieved by a method for refining a profile, in particular a track rail specified for rail vehicles, in which at least one grinding body arranged on a support is driven in a rotational or oscillating manner about a rotation axis, in which during the rotational or oscillating movement of the at least one grinding body, the support supporting the grinding body is driven in a reversible translational manner parallel to the longitudinal axis of the profile in order to at least temporarily introduce a superimposed movement. Thus, multiple engagements of the grinding body always take place at each profile part in which the support is reciprocated in the longitudinal direction of the track rail, while the grinding body brings about the desired amount of material removal by the rotational or oscillating movement. In this case, the rotational axis of the grinding body is arranged inclined, in particular at an acute angle, to the plane of the surface part of the track rail to be processed and / or to the transverse plane. As a result, the removed material is conveyed away from the track rail centrally and laterally by the inclined orientation of the rotational axis of the grinding body and is therefore not accumulated in an undesirable manner in the region of the grinding gap. Preferably, the rotation axis is inclined in such a way that the lateral shaft section lies in front of the central shaft section in the running direction relative to the track rail, with central side meaning the side facing the adjacent track rail and lateral side meaning the side facing away from the adjacent track rail.

[0065] Thus, in comparison with grinding methods using rotating grinding tools known from the background art, the rotational speed can be reduced, which significantly reduces the occurrence of sparks during operation, while still allowing the relative speed between the rail surface of the track rail and the grinding body to be increased.

[0066] Since the translational movement of the grinding body in the rail plane follows a sinusoidal speed, the rotation is preferably controlled in such a way that the rotational speed of the grinding body increases in the region of the turning point of the reversible translational movement of the support body. In particular, the rotational speed of the rotational movement of the grinding body is adapted to the translational movement in a reciprocal manner.

[0067] The translational movement is additionally superimposed with the travelling movement of the device along the rail, so that the translational speed is added when moving in the travelling direction and is subtracted when moving in the opposite direction. The absolute translational speed of the grinding body is not zero during operation in the area of ​​the turning points. Rather, the speed of the support between the turning points is higher in the travelling direction than in the opposite direction. To compensate, the rotational speed is further reduced in the travelling direction, but is increased in the opposite direction.

[0068] A particularly practical development of the method according to the invention is achieved by changing, in particular increasing, the speed or frequency of the rotational or oscillating movement of at least one grinding body in the region of the reversing points of the reversing translational movement relative to the region between the reversing points, so that the slowdown of the translational movement of the support body is thus correspondingly compensated for by the increase in the rotational or oscillating movement. In particular, for this purpose, the change in the speed or frequency of the rotational or oscillating movement is mutually adjusted to the reversible translational movement.

[0069] It has proven to be particularly advantageous, especially in mobile devices configured as rail vehicles, if the rotational or oscillating movements are adjusted in the direction of travel with a smaller number of rotations or frequency than in the direction opposite to the direction of travel, so that the inherent movements of the mobile devices along the track rail, with the translational movements of the supports superimposed thereon, are compensated for, and the inherent movements are increased or decreased in magnitude depending on the phase of the movement of the supports. In addition to the fundamental difference between the rotational or oscillating movements in the direction of travel and in the direction opposite to the direction of travel, the decelerations and accelerations which occur in the region of the turning points of the reversible movement of the supports can of course be compensated for in this way.

[0070] In a particularly simple embodiment of the method, the rotational or vibrational movement of at least one grinding body on the one hand and the translational movement of the support body on the other hand are kinematically coupled, so that the control effort is kept small.

[0071] To achieve an acceleration of the rotary or vibratory movement of the grinding body when the support decelerates, the support may be connected to an energy reservoir, for example a pressure vessel, which is charged in the region of maximum speed of the support, and in the region of the change of direction of the movement of the support, the stored energy may be taken off and used to increase the rotation speed or frequency of the grinding body.

[0072] It has also proven to be particularly useful if the grinding body is brought into contact with the surface of the track rail with its grinding surface on the circumferential or end side, so that by corresponding contouring of the grinding body, large portions of the track head can be machined, with high machining accuracy being ensured. In this case, an offset grinding method is preferably used in combination with a milling process.

[0073] The present invention allows for various embodiments, one of which is illustrated in a principle diagram and described below in order to make its basic principle more easily understandable. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0074] [Figure 1] The cross-sectional view shows the molding and the grinding body arranged at an angle of 35°. [Diagram 2] The mold is shown in another view with the grinding body inclined at an angle of 5°. [Diagram 3] 2 shows in a front view a support according to the invention of an apparatus according to the invention together with the grinding body shown in FIG. [Figure 4] The support is shown in a front view with the grinding bodies arranged inclined at an angle of 5°. [Diagram 5] The support is shown in front view during adjustment of its position and orientation. [Figure 6] The support is shown in side view during adjustment of its position and orientation. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the molding according to FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 shows a front view of two grinding bodies having mutually inclined rotation axes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0075] An apparatus 1 configured as a rail vehicle for grinding a profile 2 configured as a track rail, in particular for grinding a running surface 3, by means of a grinding body 4, will be explained in more detail below on the basis of the principle diagrams of Figures 1 to 8. In this case, the apparatus 1 shown is configured in this embodiment in particular for machining parallel-running track rails as the profile 2 to be ground.

[0076] 3 shows, in order to make the invention easier to understand, implicitly parallel track rails and a number of grinding bodies 4 assigned to the track rails and arranged in mirror symmetry, which are arranged together in the device 1, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0077] For grinding the moulding 2, the grinding body 4 is provided with an end-side grinding surface 5 having an associated projection and a geometrically undefined cutting edge. As can be seen in particular in figures 1 and 2, the rotation axis 6 of the grinding body 4 relative to the central longitudinal plane 7 of the moulding 2 can be provided with various inclination angles α;β between 5° and 90°.

[0078] In this case, the main aspect of the invention is that the rotation axis 6 is not only arranged inclined relative to the vertical and horizontal, as can be seen, but is additionally offset and oriented eccentrically so that the rotation axis 6 of the grinding body 4 does not intersect with the molding 2. In effect, therefore, only arcs or segments having a central angle of less than 180° come into contact with the molding 2. Thus, in contrast to when the rotation axis 6 is centered and oriented towards the molding 2, a grinding surface 5 of the grinding body 4 can be realized that is radially concave with respect to the rotation axis 6. In this case, this concave feature 8, which is optimally adapted to the molding 2 in use, can already be machined into the grinding body 4 during the manufacturing process, so that wear does not result in undesired shape deviations.

[0079] It should be emphasized that not only is an optimal concave shape achieved only by this offset or eccentric positioning and the tilted orientation at angles α, β of the rotation axis 6 of the grinding body 4, but also that the width b, B of the surface portion extending in the transverse plane of the mould 2, which is to be machined by the grinding body 4, is much greater than is possible with the tools known from the prior art and the resulting abrasive surfaces of the tools. Furthermore, according to the invention, as is already evident from Fig. 1 in conjunction with Fig. 7, it has been found that for optimal surface machining of the mould 2, more than two grinding bodies 4 arranged one behind the other in the feed direction are not required, and in some cases only a single grinding body 4 is required.

[0080] In fact, the grinding surface 5 acts widely around the convex surface portion 9 between the running surface 3 and the inner end face 10 that defines the molding 2 towards the centre, so that the grinding surface 5 makes it possible to achieve processing qualities in terms of dimensional and shape retention that were previously unattainable.

[0081] Each grinding body 4 is arranged on a support 11, which allows for axial feeding of the grinding body 4 parallel to the axis of rotation 6 towards the molding 2 in order to compensate for wear and also allows for the adjustment of the desired inclination angles α, β which are optimal for the respective application conditions.

[0082] The support 11 itself can be translated relative to the device 1 by means of guides 12 in a plane parallel to the transverse plane of the moulding 2 or in a transverse plane to the feed direction of the device 1. This allows an always optimally constant position of the grinding body 4 relative to the moulding 2 to be maintained during operation, even when the device itself as a mobile rail vehicle is moving relative to the moulding 2, as in principle when travelling around curves. In such a case, the support 11 is moved laterally, with two supports 11 arranged in a common transverse plane being kinematically connected for adjusting the respective grinding bodies 4 together and thus performing a common movement.

[0083] The control of this lateral central or lateral movement of the support 11 is achieved in that the support 11 is connected to at least one contact element 13 which can bear force-connectively against the moulding 2, by means of which the support 11 together with the grinding body 4 is automatically aligned in the lateral plane relative to the moulding 2 and the device 1. For this, the contact element 13 as a carriage equipped with a sliding surface can bear against the side surface 10 of the moulding 2, while another contact element 14 configured as a roller for detecting the height is supported from above on the running surface 3, so that both contact elements 13, 14 together form a reference for aligning the grinding body 4 and the support 11 is automatically aligned in the lateral plane relative to the moulding 2 and the device 1 on the basis of an adjustable preload F.

[0084] 8, several, for example different, grinding bodies 4 with differently inclined rotation axes 6 can be arranged one after the other in the feed direction of the device 1 on the respective supports 11, the rotation axes 6 of these grinding bodies 4 forming an acute angle φ. In this case, the grinding bodies 4 allow the machining of various surface portions 9 of a convex or flat surface as parallel trajectories.

[0085] According to the invention, a superimposed reversible movement of the grinding body 4 with the grinding surface 5, which can be driven in a rotational or vibrational manner about the rotation axis 6, can also be realized during grinding of the molding 2. The support 11 of the grinding body 4 is designed to be reversibly translatable parallel to the central longitudinal plane 7 of the molding 2 in order to introduce a superimposed movement into the rotational or vibrational movement of the grinding body 4. This translational movement of the grinding body 4, superimposed with the rotational movement, ensures that the grinding body 4 reaches each surface portion of the molding 2 multiple times when the vehicle carrying the device moves along the path of the molding 2 at the normal inherent speed. As a result, a very good surface quality can be achieved, since the rail portion is not reached by the grinding surface 5 of the grinding body 4 only once, but is passed by the grinding surface 5 multiple times. The rotation axes 6 inclined at an angle φ to each other thereby act to ensure that the removed material is transported out of the grinding gap and does not accumulate. Efficient machining and high material removal rates allow the rotational speed to be reduced, which reduces wear as well as spark generation, while at the same time increasing the relative speed between the surface of the molding 2 and the grinding body 4.

[0086] The translational movement of the support 11 follows a sinusoidal speed profile between its turning points and is further superimposed with an inherent movement of the vehicle, so that the rotation can also be controlled in such a way that the rotational speed of the grinding body 4 is preferably increased in the region of the turning points of the reversible movement. In particular, the rotational speed of the rotational movement is adapted to the translational movement. The translational movement is further superimposed with an inherent movement of the vehicle along the molding 2, so that a translational speed is added when moving in the direction of travel and a translational speed is subtracted when moving against the direction of travel, so that the rotational speed of the grinding body 4 is also adjusted differently depending on the forward or reverse phase. This application relates to the invention described in the claims, but also includes the following as other aspects. 1. A mobile device (1), in particular configured as a rail vehicle, for reprofiling a molding (2) having a running surface (3) and a side surface (10) defining the molding (2), The device (1) comprises at least one shaped, in particular at least partially concave, grinding body (4) arranged on a support (11) which is drivable for rotational movement about a rotation axis (6) and / or oscillatingly drivable, the axis of rotation (6) can be positioned at a given orientation (angles α, β) relative to a vertical and / or horizontal plane, a support (11) is arranged in said device (1) in such a way that it can be moved in particular translationally by means of guides (12) in a transverse plane relative to the molded product (2) and / or in a transverse plane relative to the feed direction, said support (11) being connected to at least one contact element (13, 14) which can abut against the molded product (2) in the region of its contact surface, by means of which the support (11) and the grinding body (4) are automatically aligned in said transverse plane relative to the molded product (2) and to said device (1), The device (1), characterized in that the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) forms a plane that intersects a transverse axis relative to the longitudinal axis of the molding (2) and at least one contact surface of at least one contact element (13, 14) on the molding (2). 2. 2. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said plane of the axis of rotation (6) of the grinding body (4) lies parallel to the transverse plane of the moulding (2). 3. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane of the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) forms an acute angle with a transverse plane of the mould (2), whereby the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) has a retreating or advancing orientation relative to the mould (2) relative to the feed direction of the device. 4. 4. The device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one contact element (13, 14) and the at least one rotation axis (6) are kinematically coupled in such a way that the relative orientation of the rotation axis (6) to the moulding (2) remains constant even if the relative orientation of the rotation axis (6) to the contact elements (13, 14) changes during the grinding process. 5. 5. The device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the axis of rotation (6) is movable about an imaginary pivot axis in order to adjust various orientations (angles α, β) of the axis of rotation (6) relative to the vertical and / or horizontal planes, the instantaneous center of the imaginary pivot axis being located on the side of the running surface (3) and / or side surface (10) of the molding (2) to be machined opposite the grinding body (4). 6. 3. The device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the grinding bodies (4) on a common support (11) are movable relative to one another in the same transverse plane of the molding (2), the support (11) being configured to be movable relative to the device (1) in said transverse plane in order to move towards the side surface (10) and / or the running surface (3). 7. 7. The device (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the support (11) is automatically aligned in the transverse plane with respect to the molding (2) and / or the device (1) due to an adjustable preload (F). 8. 8. The device (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the grinding body (4) is capable of preloading the molded object (2) with a controlled force. 9. 9. The device (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) is oriented so as to be offset laterally in the transverse plane of the mould (2) so that said rotation axis (6) does not intersect the mould (2). 10. 10. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a number of grinding bodies (4) are arranged on respective supports (11) one behind the other in the feed direction, the rotation axes (6) of the grinding bodies (4) are oriented at an angle (angle φ) to one another, and at least one contact element (13, 14) is assigned to each grinding body (4). 11. The molding (2) has, in its transverse plane, a convex or flat surface distributed into a plurality of surface portions (9) to be processed, different grinding bodies for machining different surface portions (9) are arranged with different inclination angles (α, β) of the respective rotation axes (6), and / or 11. The device (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that various grinding bodies (4) are provided, at least some of the grinding bodies having a concave contour. 12. 12. The apparatus (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the orientation of at least some of the rotation axes (6) is aligned at an angle to a transverse plane of the molding (2) in order to process it backward or forward with respect to the feed direction. 13. 13. The device (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least some of the grinding bodies (4) have end-sided, in particular concave, working surfaces with geometrically unspecified cutting edges. 14. 14. The device (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the pressing force of the grinding body (4) is adjustable by a control device depending on the torque acting on the rotation axis (6) and / or the feed speed of the device (1) relative to the molding (2). 15. 15. The device (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the support (11) is configured for reversible translational movement in a plane parallel to the main extension of the molding (2) during the rotational and / or vibrational movement of the grinding body (4). 16. 16. The device (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the rotation axis (6) of at least one grinding body (4) and the longitudinal axis of the molding (2) form an acute angle (φ). 17. 17. The device (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the grinding body (4) and / or the support (11) can be driven in rotation or translation by at least one electric and / or hydraulic drive device of the device (1). 18. 18. The device (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the rotational or vibrational movement of at least one grinding body (4) on the one hand and the translational movement of the support body (11) on the other hand are synchronized by being kinematically coupled. 19. A method for refining a molded object (2), in particular a track rail specified for a rail vehicle, comprising the steps of: A method for rotating and / or oscillating at least one shaped grinding body (4) arranged on a support (11) about a rotation axis (6), The method is characterized in that the grinding body (4) is brought into contact with the molded part (2) with a controlled force, in particular with an adjustable preload, and at least one contact element (13, 14) is aligned as a receiving part with the grinding body (4) in a common plane through which the forces of stress acting during grinding of the molded part (2) flow. 20. 19. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that during processing of the molded part (2), the orientation (angles α, β) of the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) relative to the vertical and / or horizontal plane is changed. 21. 21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the grinding of the molded product (2) is performed by down-cutting or up-cutting. 22. 22. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the support (11) is reversibly driven in translation in a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the molding (2) in order to introduce, at least temporarily, a superimposed movement during the rotational or vibrational movement of at least one grinding body (4). 23. 23. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the rotation speed and / or frequency of the rotational or vibrational movement of at least one grinding body (4) is changed, in particular increased, in the region of the change of direction of the reversible translational movement of the support body (11). 24. 24. At least one of the methods according to claims 19 to 23, characterized in that at least one grinding body (4) is driven in the running direction with down-cutting at a lower rotational speed or frequency than in the opposite running direction, or at least one grinding body (4) is driven in the running direction with up-cutting at a higher rotational speed or frequency than in the opposite running direction. 25. 25. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that a kinematic coupling is introduced between a rotational or vibrational movement of at least one grinding body (4) on the one hand and a translational movement of the support body (11) on the other hand. 26. 26. At least one of the methods according to claims 19 to 25, characterized in that material removal of the molding (2) is first performed by milling in at least a partial area of ​​the transverse shaped portion of the molding (2), the removal being performed up to a dimension larger than the target dimension, and then the larger dimension portion is at least partially removed by grinding. 27. 27. The method according to at least one of claims 19 to 26, characterized in that the preload (F) is adjusted based on obtained measured values ​​of the rotation speed, the feed rate, the pressure and / or the torque of the grinding body (4). [Explanation of symbols]

[0087] 1 device 2 Molded object 3. Running surface 4 Grinding body 5 Grinding surface 6 Rotation axis 7 Central Longitudinal Plane 8. Modeling Department 9 Surface area 10. Side 11 Support 12 Guide 13 Contact Elements 14 Contact Elements b, B width α, β, φ angles F Preload

Claims

1. A mobile device (1), in particular configured as a rail vehicle, for reprofiling a molding (2) having a running surface (3) and a side surface (10) defining the track rail-like molding (2), comprising: The device (1) comprises at least one shaped, in particular at least partially concave, grinding body (4) arranged on a support (11) which is drivable for rotational movement about a rotation axis (6) and / or oscillatingly drivable, the axis of rotation (6) can be positioned at an inclination with respect to a vertical and / or horizontal plane at a predetermined orientation (angles α, β); the support (11) is arranged in the device (1) in a plane transverse to the longitudinal direction of the molding (2) and / or in a plane transverse to the feed direction, in particular in a translatable manner by means of guides (12), The support (11) is connected to at least one contact element (13, 14) which can abut against the molded object (2) in the region of the contact surface of the molded object (2), by means of which the support (11) automatically aligns the grinding body (4) with respect to the molded object (2) and the device (1) in said transverse plane, The device (1), characterized in that the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) forms a plane that intersects a transverse axis relative to the longitudinal axis of the molding (2) and at least one contact surface of at least one contact element (13, 14) on the molding (2).

2. 2. Apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane of the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) lies parallel to a transverse plane of the moulding (2).

3. 2. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane of the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) forms an acute angle with a transverse plane of the molding (2), whereby the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) has a retreating or advancing orientation relative to the molding (2) relative to the feed direction of the device.

4. 4. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one contact element (13, 14) and at least one rotation axis (6) are kinematically connected in such a way that the relative orientation of the rotation axis (6) to the molding (2) remains constant even if the relative orientation of the rotation axis (6) to the contact elements (13, 14) changes during the grinding process.

5. 5. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation axis (6) is movable about a virtual pivot axis in order to adjust various orientations (angles α, β) of the rotation axis (6) relative to the vertical and / or horizontal planes, the instantaneous center of the virtual pivot axis being located on the side of the running surface (3) and / or side surface (10) of the molding (2) to be machined opposite the grinding body (4).

6. 3. The device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a number of grinding bodies (4) on a common support (11) are movable relative to one another in the same transverse plane of the molding (2), the support (11) being configured to be movable relative to the device (1) in said transverse plane in order to move towards a side surface (10) and / or a running surface (3).

7. 7. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the support (11) is automatically aligned in the transverse plane with respect to the molding (2) and / or the device (1) due to an adjustable preload (F).

8. 8. Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grinding body (4) is capable of preloading the part (2) with a controlled force.

9. 9. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) is oriented so as to be offset laterally in the transverse plane of the molding (2) so that said rotation axis (6) does not intersect the molding (2).

10. 10. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a number of grinding bodies (4) are arranged on respective supports (11) one behind the other in the feed direction, the rotation axes (6) of the grinding bodies (4) are oriented at an angle to one another (angle φ), and at least one contact element (13, 14) is assigned to each grinding body (4).

11. The molding (2) has, in its transverse plane, a convex or flat surface distributed into a plurality of surface portions (9) to be processed, different grinding bodies for machining different surface portions (9) are arranged with different inclination angles (α, β) of the respective rotation axes (6), and / or 11. Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that various grinding bodies (4) are provided, at least some of the grinding bodies having a concave contour.

12. 12. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the orientation of at least some of the rotation axes (6) is aligned at an angle to a transverse plane of the molding (2) for processing backward or forward with respect to the feed direction.

13. 13. Apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least some of the grinding bodies (4) have end-sided, in particular concave, working surfaces with geometrically undefined cutting edges.

14. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the pressing force of the grinding body (4) is adjustable by a control device depending on the torque acting on the rotation axis (6) and / or the feed speed of the device (1) relative to the molding (2).

15. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the support (11) is configured so as to be reversibly translatable in a plane parallel to the main extension of the molding (2) during the rotational and / or vibrational movement of the grinding body (4).

16. 16. Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotation axis (6) of the at least one grinding body (4) and the longitudinal axis of the molding (2) form an acute angle (φ).

17. 17. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the grinding body (4) and / or the support body (11) can be driven in rotation or translation by at least one electric and / or hydraulic drive of the device (1).

18. 18. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotational or vibrational movement of at least one grinding body (4) on the one hand and the translational movement of the support body (11) on the other hand are synchronized by being kinematically coupled.

19. A method for refining a molding (2), in particular a track rail specified for a rail vehicle, comprising the steps of: A method for rotating and / or oscillating at least one shaped grinding body (4) arranged on a support (11) about a rotation axis (6), the method comprising: The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the grinding body (4) is brought into contact with the molded part (2) with a controlled force, in particular with an adjustable preload, and at least one contact element (13, 14) is aligned as a receiving part with the grinding body (4) in a plane through which the stress forces acting during grinding of the molded part (2) flow.

20. 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that during machining of the molded part (2), the orientation (angles α, β) of the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) with respect to the vertical and / or horizontal plane is changed.

21. 21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the grinding of the molding (2) is carried out by down-cutting or up-cutting.

22. 22. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the support (11) is reversibly driven in a translational manner in a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the molding (2) in order to introduce, at least temporarily, a superimposed movement during the rotational or vibrational movement of at least one grinding body (4).

23. 23. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the rotational speed and / or frequency of the rotational or vibrational movement of at least one grinding body (4) is changed, in particular increased, in the region of the turning point of the reversible translational movement of the support body (11).

24. 24. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that at least one grinding body (4) is driven in the running direction with down-cutting and at a lower rotation speed or frequency than in the direction opposite to the running direction, or at least one grinding body (4) is driven in the running direction with up-cutting and at a higher rotation speed or frequency than in the direction opposite to the running direction.

25. 25. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that a kinematic coupling is introduced between a rotational or vibration movement of at least one grinding body (4) on the one hand and a translational movement of the support body (11) on the other hand.

26. 26. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the material of the molding (2) is first removed by milling at least in partial regions of the transverse molded portion of the molding (2), the removal being carried out up to a dimension larger than the target dimension, and then the larger dimension portion is at least partially removed by grinding.

27. 27. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 26, characterized in that the preload (F) is adjusted based on acquired measured values ​​of the rotation speed, the feed rate, the pressing force and / or the torque of the grinding body (4).

Images