Biomass processing and utilization equipment

Abstract

To realize a carbon-negative operation in a biomass treatment / utilization facility using biomass fuel in a state of carrying out power generation.SOLUTION: The biomass treatment / utilization facility which comprises a carbonization facility 11 carbonizing biomass to produce a carbonized product, storage means 13 of storing the carbonized product, and a thermal power generation facility 1 that uses pyrolysis gas generated by carbonizing biomass, uses the pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization facility 11 as a heat source for power generation, generates power in a carbon neutral state so long as the pyrolysis gas is exclusively used therefor, and stores the carbonized product so as to prevent CO2 absorbed from the atmosphere by the biomass from being released to the atmosphere, whereby the biomass treatment / utilization facility is operated in a carbon negative state.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention is a biomass processing and utilization system that uses biomass fuel to achieve carbon negativity while power generation is being performed. In preparation Regarding. [Background technology]

[0002] Reducing carbon dioxide emissions is a global issue, and in the field of power generation, there is a need to move away from dependence on fossil fuels. For example, in thermal power plants, the use of biomass, which is a renewable organic material derived from living organisms, as fuel is being considered. In particular, the use of biomass converted into fuel through molding or heat treatment is becoming more active (for example, Patent Document 1). By applying the technology in Patent Document 1, it becomes possible to obtain electricity while reducing CO2 emissions.

[0003] Japan aims to become carbon neutral by 2050. Furthermore, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, which provides the scientific backing for the Paris Agreement, an international agreement on greenhouse gas reduction, envisages the use of negative emission technology, making it essential to utilize negative emission technology that uses biomass.

[0004] For this reason, it is hoped that CO2 emissions in the power generation process will be reduced and carbon neutrality will be achieved. In addition, there is a growing demand for a power generation process that is carbon negative by further reducing CO2 emissions. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] JP 2018-2750 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a biomass treatment and utilization facility that can achieve carbon negativity while power generation is being performed. Be prepared The purpose is to provide. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the biomass treatment and utilization facility of the present invention according to claim 1 comprises a carbonization means for carbonizing biomass to produce a carbonized product, a storage means for storing the carbonized product carbonized by the carbonization means, and a storage means for storing the pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization means. As a fuel for heat sources for power generation and a supply means for supplying the pyrolysis gas to the power generation means. The power generation means has a boiler that generates steam, and the supply means is configured such that the carbonization means is disposed in a furnace of the boiler and the pyrolysis gas is discharged into the furnace. It is characterized by:

[0008] In the present invention according to claim 1, by using the pyrolysis gas from the carbonization means as a heat source for power generation, the amount of power generated by using the pyrolysis gas is carbon-neutral. By storing the carbonized charcoal, the carbon fixed in biomass from the atmosphere by photosynthesis is prevented from being released back into the atmosphere as CO2, and the storage of the carbon-fixed charcoal makes the system carbon-negative. The carbonization means is disposed in the boiler, the pyrolysis gas is directly discharged and supplied to the furnace of the boiler, and the heat of the furnace of the boiler becomes the heat source for carbonization of the carbonization means.

[0009] Furthermore, the technology of the present invention can be used even when heat (steam) is generated using pyrolysis gas obtained by carbonizing biomass and used for thermal purposes, such as hot water supply, heating, sterilization, and domestic and industrial use.

[0010] This makes it possible to achieve carbon negativity while generating electricity in biomass processing and utilization facilities (power generation facilities, storage facilities) that use biomass fuel.

[0011] and ,before The heat source for carbonization by the carbonization means includes heat generated by the power generation means. can be done.

[0012] This means: The waste heat from the power generation means can be used as a heat source for carbonization.

[0013] Also, The biomass treatment and utilization facility includes a carbonization means for carbonizing biomass to form a carbonized product, a storage means for storing the carbonized product carbonized by the carbonization means, a power generation means for utilizing a pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization means, and a supply means for supplying the pyrolysis gas to the power generation means, A hot air furnace is provided to which a portion of the pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization means is supplied, and the heat source for carbonization by the carbonization means includes the heat generated in the hot air furnace. It is possible.

[0014] This means: The exhaust heat of the power generation means and / or the heat of the combustion exhaust gas from the hot stove can be used as the heat source for carbonization.

[0015] Also, The biomass treatment and utilization facility includes a carbonization means for carbonizing biomass to form a carbonized product, a storage means for storing the carbonized product carbonized by the carbonization means, a power generation means for utilizing a pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization means, and a supply means for supplying the pyrolysis gas to the power generation means, The supplying means has a reforming means for reforming the pyrolysis gas. It is possible.

[0016] This means: The pyrolysis gas can be reformed by the reforming means and sent to the power generation means, and the pyrolysis gas can be used as fuel for the power generation means.

[0019] Also, The biomass treatment and utilization facility includes a carbonization means for carbonizing biomass to form a carbonized product, a storage means for storing the carbonized product carbonized by the carbonization means, a power generation means for utilizing a pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization means, and a supply means for supplying the pyrolysis gas to the power generation means, The power generating means includes an expansion turbine that drives a generator that expands combustion gas from the combustor. It is possible.

[0020] This means: The technology can be applied to existing power generation means having an expansion turbine (gas turbine) that expands combustion gas from a combustor to generate electricity. Examples of power generation means having an expansion turbine include existing combined cycle power generation means that combine a gas turbine and a steam turbine via a heat recovery boiler, and existing integrated combined cycle power generation (IGCC) means that use coal gasification gas as fuel.

[0021] When applied to existing power generation methods, existing equipment can be applied, so even coal-fired power generation equipment can potentially be applied to achieve carbon negativity, thereby increasing the added value of existing coal-utilizing equipment.

[0022] Also, The biomass treatment and utilization facility includes a carbonization means for carbonizing biomass to form a carbonized product, a storage means for storing the carbonized product carbonized by the carbonization means, a power generation means for utilizing a pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization means, and a supply means for supplying the pyrolysis gas to the power generation means, The power generating means has an internal combustion engine driven by igniting fuel. It is possible.

[0023] This means: As a biomass processing and utilization facility, an internal combustion engine (gas engine) driven by igniting fuel can be applied, making it possible to generate electricity with a wide range of power outputs.

[0024] Also, Claim 2 The biomass processing and utilization facility of the present invention relates to: Claim 1 In the biomass treatment and utilization facility described above, the storage means includes a means for plowing the carbonized material into soil.

[0025] Claim 2 In the present invention, by incorporating (storing) charcoal into the soil, carbon that has been fixed in biomass from the atmosphere through photosynthesis is prevented from being released back into the atmosphere as CO2, making the soil carbon-negative. Storage means for storing charcoal can include compressing and molding the charcoal and burying it in abandoned mines, etc. Other storage means that can be used include those used for furniture, boards, filtering agents, deodorizers, adhesives, etc.

[0026] Also, The method of processing and utilizing biomass involves using the waste heat from power generation to carbonize the biomass, storing the carbonized material, and using the pyrolysis gas generated during carbonization as a power source for power generation. It is preferable.

[0027] This means: The waste heat from power generation is used to produce and store charcoal from biomass, and the pyrolysis gas generated during carbonization is used as a power source for power generation. This makes it possible for biomass processing and utilization facilities that use biomass fuel to achieve carbon negativity while still generating power. [Effects of the Invention]

[0028] Biomass processing and utilization system of the present invention Preparation In biomass processing and utilization facilities that use biomass fuel, it will be possible to achieve carbon negativity while still generating electricity. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0029] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass treatment and utilization facility according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the main part in FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass treatment and utilization facility according to a reference example. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a biomass treatment and utilization facility according to another reference example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] 1 and 2, the present invention One Example Explain.

[0031] Figure 1 shows a schematic system diagram to explain the overall configuration of a biomass processing and utilization facility, which includes a power generation facility using a steam turbine and a carbonization facility for carbonizing biomass, and Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the boiler section in Figure 1.

[0032] As shown in Figure 1, a thermal power plant 1 (coal-fired power plant) serving as a power generation means has a boiler 3 in which coal (pulverized coal) is fed into a furnace 2 to generate steam. The high-temperature, high-pressure steam generated in the boiler 3 is sent to a steam turbine 4 and expanded (driving the steam turbine 4), which then operates a generator 5 to generate electricity. Note that it is also possible to configure the boiler 3 to use heavy oil as fuel.

[0033] The exhaust steam that has completed its work in the steam turbine 4 is condensed in the condenser 6 and supplied to the low-pressure equipment (heat exchanger) of the boiler 3 by driving the feedwater pump. The exhaust gas from the boiler 3 is subjected to the required flue gas treatment before being released into the atmosphere.

[0034] The thermal power plant 1 has a carbonization facility 11 as a carbonization means for carbonizing biomass that has fixed carbon dioxide (CO2). The carbonization facility 11 has a heating drum 12 (for example, a screw feeder type drum with blades inside) to which the biomass is supplied and which directly heats it.

[0035] The heating drum 12 is heated to carbonize the biomass inside. The pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization is discharged from the discharge hole in the heating drum 12 to the furnace 2 of the boiler 3 and used to generate steam. The carbonized material is stored in the desired storage means 13.

[0036] Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, the heating drum 12 of the carbonization equipment 11 is disposed inside the furnace 2 of the boiler 3 (supply means). The heat source for carbonization (carbonization heat source) uses the heat of the furnace 2 of the boiler 3 (indicated by -> in the figure). The pyrolysis gas generated by carbonization is sent directly into the furnace 2 (indicated by -> in the figure).

[0037] As a heat source for the carbonization equipment 11, it is also possible to use a means for supplying superheated steam to the inside of the heating drum 12. In addition, as a heat source for the carbonization equipment 11, it is also possible to use a means for supplying high-temperature gas containing CO2.

[0038] The pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization facility 11 is sent to the furnace 2 of the boiler 3 and used to generate steam, so the amount of pyrolysis gas used (the amount derived from the pyrolysis gas) is carbon-neutral power generation. The carbonized char is stored in the storage means 13, so the carbon fixed in the biomass is prevented from being released back into the atmosphere as CO2, making it carbon-negative.

[0039] A specific example of the storage means 13 is a means for incorporating charcoal into the soil (storage means). As a storage means for storing charcoal, it is also possible to use a means for compressing and molding the charcoal and burying it in an abandoned mine or the like. In addition to storing charcoal, the storage means can also be applied to furniture, board materials such as particle board, filtering agents, deodorizers, adhesives, etc.

[0040] In a biomass processing and utilization facility using biomass fuel of the above configuration (a biomass processing and utilization facility having a power generation facility using a steam turbine and a carbonization facility for carbonizing biomass), it is possible to achieve carbon negativity while generating electricity by driving the steam turbine 4 (power generation using pyrolysis gas).

[0041] Furthermore, since the heating drum 12 of the carbonization equipment 11 is disposed inside the furnace 2 of the boiler 3, the heat of the furnace 2 can be used as a heat source for carbonization. Moreover, since the pyrolysis gas generated by carbonization is sent directly to the furnace 2, a transport path for the pyrolysis gas is not required, and the condensed components of the pyrolysis gas, which is a condensable gas, can be burned.

[0042] In the above embodiment, the carbonization equipment 11 is described as an example of a direct heating type equipment in which biomass is fed into the heating drum 12 and the heating drum 12 is heated. However, it is also possible to use an indirect heating type equipment in which a rotating drum is provided inside the heating drum, biomass is supplied to the rotating drum, and a heat source such as hot air is supplied between the heating drum and the rotating drum.

[0043] Based on Figure 3 Reference example Explain.

[0044] Figure 3 shows a schematic system diagram for explaining the overall configuration of a biomass treatment and utilization facility that includes an integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation facility and a biomass carbonization facility.

[0045] The integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation facility 21 includes a coal gasifier 22, in which a product gas g is generated by a reaction between coal and an oxidant (oxygen, air). The product gas g is subjected to dust removal and temperature adjustment, and is purified by gas purification means 23 to produce a fuel gas f.

[0046] The fuel gas f is sent to a combustor 25 of the gas turbine facility 24. That is, the gas turbine facility 24 includes a compressor 26 and an expansion turbine 27, and the compressed air compressed by the compressor 26 and the fuel gas f are sent to the combustor 25. The fuel gas f is burned in the combustor 25, and the combustion gas is sent to the expansion turbine 27 and expanded to generate power. After completing its work in the expansion turbine 27, the exhaust gas has its heat recovered in a heat recovery boiler 28, is subjected to flue gas treatment, and is then released into the atmosphere.

[0047] The compressor 26 and expansion turbine 27 are connected coaxially to a steam turbine 29, which is connected to a generator 30. Condensate derived from the exhaust steam that has completed its work in the steam turbine is supplied to the heat recovery boiler 28, and the steam generated in the heat recovery boiler 28 is sent to the steam turbine 29 to generate power.

[0048] A generator 30 is operated by the power of the expansion turbine 27 and the steam turbine 29 connected in series, and combined cycle power generation is carried out by the expansion turbine 27 and the steam turbine 29.

[0049] The integrated coal gasification combined cycle power plant 21 has carbonization equipment 31 as carbonization means for carbonizing the biomass that has fixed carbon dioxide. The carbonization equipment 31 has a heating drum 32 to which the biomass is supplied and which directly heats it. The heat source for carbonization in the carbonization equipment 31 is the heat source obtained in the integrated coal gasification combined cycle power plant 21. Alternatively, a hot blast stove or the like can be provided separately. It is also possible to use the heat source obtained in the integrated coal gasification combined cycle power plant 21 and the heat source of the hot blast stove together.

[0050] The heating drum 32 is heated to carbonize the biomass, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization is reformed in the coal gasification furnace 22 and purified in the gas purification means 23 to produce fuel gas f (supply means). The carbonized material is stored in a desired storage means 33 (see the storage means 13 in the first embodiment). The combustion exhaust gas from the carbonization facility 31 is introduced into the integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation facility 21 or released into the atmosphere as needed.

[0051] The pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization facility 31 is sent to the coal gasification furnace 22, becomes part of the generated gas g, and is converted into fuel gas f by the gas purification means 23 and used for power generation, so the amount of power generated by using the pyrolysis gas is carbon-neutral. The carbonized char is stored in the storage means 33, and the carbon fixed in the biomass is prevented from being released back into the atmosphere as CO2, making it carbon-negative.

[0052] As shown by the dotted line in the figure, it is also possible to provide a reforming means for reforming the pyrolysis gas, and use the gas reformed by the reforming means as fuel for the combustor 25.

[0053] In a biomass processing and utilization facility using biomass fuel of the above configuration (a biomass processing and utilization facility having a coal gasification combined cycle power generation facility and a carbonization facility for carbonizing biomass), it is possible to achieve carbon negativity by performing combined power generation using the expansion turbine 27 and the steam turbine 29 (power generation using pyrolysis gas).

[0054] Furthermore, even if applied to an existing coal gasification combined cycle power generation facility 21, it is possible to utilize the existing facility, and even in the case of a power generation facility that uses coal as fuel, it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions and achieve carbon negativity.

[0055] Based on Figure 4 Other reference examples Explain.

[0056] Figure 4 shows a schematic system diagram to explain the overall configuration of a biomass processing and utilization facility that includes a power generation facility that uses LNG as fuel and a biomass carbonization facility.

[0057] The gas turbine power generation facility 41 includes a compressor 42 and an expansion turbine 43, and compressed air compressed by the compressor 42 and LNG as fuel are sent to a combustor 44. The fuel is burned in the combustor 44, and the combustion gas is sent to the expansion turbine 43 and expanded to generate power. After completing its work in the expansion turbine 43, the exhaust gas is subjected to flue gas treatment and then released into the atmosphere.

[0058] A generator 45 is connected to the expansion turbine 43, and the generator 45 is driven by the power of the expansion turbine 43 to generate electricity.

[0059] The gas turbine power generation facility 41 has carbonization equipment 51 as carbonization means for carbonizing the biomass that has fixed carbon dioxide. The carbonization equipment 51 has a heating drum 52 to which the biomass is supplied and which directly heats it. A hot air furnace 53 is provided as hot air generation means to obtain a heat source for carbonization in the carbonization equipment 51. A portion of the pyrolysis gas generated by carbonization is sent to the hot air furnace 53.

[0060] The hot air furnace 53 can be an integral device with the carbonization equipment 51. Alternatively, a device provided independently of the carbonization equipment 51 can be used as the hot air generating means.

[0061] The heating drum 52 is heated to carbonize the biomass, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization is reformed in the reforming means 54 to become fuel gas, which is sent to the combustor 44 (supply means). The carbonized material is stored in a desired storage means 55 (see the storage means 13 in the first embodiment). The combustion exhaust gas from the carbonization facility 51 is introduced into the gas turbine power generation facility 41 or released into the atmosphere as needed.

[0062] The pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization facility 51 is sent to the reforming means 54 and used as fuel gas for power generation, so the amount of power generated by using the pyrolysis gas is carbon-neutral. The carbonized material is stored in the storage means 55, which prevents the carbon fixed in the biomass from being released back into the atmosphere as CO2, making the system carbon-negative.

[0063] In a biomass processing and utilization facility using biomass fuel of the above configuration (a biomass processing and utilization facility having a power generation facility that uses LNG as fuel and a carbonization facility that carbonizes biomass), it is possible to achieve carbon negativity while generating electricity using the expansion turbine 43 (power generation using pyrolysis gas).

[0064] Furthermore, even if applied to an existing gas turbine power generation facility 41, it is possible to utilize the existing facility, and even if the power generation facility uses LNG as fuel, it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions and achieve carbon negativity.

[0065] In the third embodiment described above, it is also possible to apply a power generation facility having an internal combustion engine (gas engine) driven by igniting fuel instead of the gas turbine power generation facility 41. By applying a gas engine, it is possible to respond to a wide range of power generation outputs.

[0066] The biomass treatment and utilization facility, which has the above-mentioned power generation facility and carbonization facility for carbonizing biomass, can achieve carbon negativity while still generating electricity.

[0067] As mentioned above Example and Reference Example Examples of biomass that can be used include agricultural residues such as corn stover and bagasse, cultivated biomass such as sorghum and napier grass, woody biomass such as spruce and acacia, herbaceous biomass such as Japanese silver grass, and combustible waste such as paper waste and food waste. [Industrial Applicability]

[0068] The present invention is a biomass processing and utilization system that uses biomass fuel to achieve carbon negativity. Reserve It can be used in the industrial field. [Explanation of symbols]

[0069] 1. Thermal power generation facilities (coal-fired power generation facilities) 2 Furnace 3. Boiler 4. Steam turbine 5, 30, 45 generators 6. Condenser 11, 31, 51 Carbonization equipment 12, 32, 52 heating drum 13, 33, 55 Storage means 21 Coal gasification combined cycle power generation facility 22 Coal gasifier 23 Gas purification means 24 Gas turbine equipment 25, 44 Combustor 26, 42 Compressor 27, 43 Expansion turbine 28 Waste heat recovery boiler 29 Steam turbine 41 Gas turbine power generation equipment 53 Hot stove 54 Modification methods

Claims

1. a carbonization means for carbonizing the biomass to form a carbonized product; a storage means for storing the carbonized material carbonized by the carbonization means; a power generation means for utilizing the pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization means as fuel for a heat source for power generation; a supply means for supplying the pyrolysis gas to the power generation means, the power generation means has a boiler that generates steam, The supply means is configured such that the carbonization means is disposed in the furnace of the boiler and the pyrolysis gas is discharged into the furnace. A biomass processing and utilization facility characterized by:

2. In the biomass processing and utilization equipment described in claim 1, The storage means includes means for incorporating the carbonized material into soil. A biomass processing and utilization facility characterized by:

Images