Buffer device

Abstract

To attain shock absorbing effect to both of a small load and a transient large load.SOLUTION: A shock absorber 1 includes: a first shock absorbing member 2 which is connected to a first member 51; a second shock absorbing member 3 which is connected to a second member 52, is connected to the first shock absorbing member 2, and has a characteristic different from that of the first shock absorbing member 2; an engagement part 4 which is formed in the first shock absorbing member 2; an engagement member 5 which is engaged with the engagement part 4; and a support member 6 which is connected to the second member 52 and to which the engagement member 5 is attached.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to shock absorbers. [Background technology]

[0002] For example, Patent Document 1 shows a shock absorber (seismic isolation bearing) that places an elastic material between the ground, which is the supporting side, and the building, which is the supported side, to reduce the acceleration input from the supporting side to the supported side. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 3-37435 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] When a load is input to a shock absorber that is flexibly supported by an elastic material, in the vibration system consisting of the rigidity of the elastic material and the supported side, the lower the vibration frequency is set (the longer the period), the more effectively the vibration and impact load generated on the supporting side can be reduced.

[0005] However, if the vibration frequency is low due to flexibility, there is a risk that the supported side will shake significantly even with a relatively small load. On the other hand, if the rigidity of the elastic material is high, the effectiveness of the shock absorber may not be fully achieved when transient large vibrations or impact loads are input from the supporting side. In particular, in the horizontal direction, it is possible to configure an effective device with low rigidity, but in the vertical direction, it is necessary to also consider the weight of the supported side, making it difficult to configure a device with low rigidity.

[0006] The present disclosure is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has an object to provide a shock absorber that can obtain a shock absorbing effect against both small loads and transient large loads. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a buffer device according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a first buffer member connected to a first member, a second buffer member connected to a second member and the first buffer member and having characteristics different from those of the first buffer member, an engaging portion formed on the first buffer member, an engaging member provided so as to be engageable with and detachable from the engaging portion, and a support member connected to the second member and to which the engaging member is attached. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The present disclosure can provide a buffering effect against both small loads and transient large loads. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a side view of the shock absorber of the first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a side view showing the operation of the shock absorber of the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the ratio of the shock response to the static response. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the damping ratio and the maximum value of the impact load. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the application time of the impact load and the maximum value. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the floor cycle and the maximum value of the impact load. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged view of another configuration example of the shock absorber of the first embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a side view of the shock absorber of the second embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a side view showing the operation of the shock absorber of the second embodiment. [Figure 12]FIG. 12 is a partially enlarged view of another configuration example of the shock absorber of the second embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a side view of the shock absorber of the third embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a side view showing the operation of the shock absorber of the third embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments. Furthermore, the components in the following embodiments include those that are easily replaceable by those skilled in the art, or those that are substantially identical.

[0011] [Embodiment 1] Fig. 1 is a side view of the shock absorber of embodiment 1. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side view showing the operation of the shock absorber of embodiment 1.

[0012] As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment is disposed between a first member 51 and a second member 52. Here, the first member 51 is a structural body, such as a ship, a train, a vehicle, a container, or the foundation of a building. The second member 52 is an installation member provided on the first member 51, such as a floor or equipment. Typically, multiple shock absorbers 1 are disposed between the first member 51 and the second member 52.

[0013] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shock absorber 1 includes a first shock absorber member 2, a second shock absorber member 3, an engaging portion 4, an engaging member 5, and a support member 6.

[0014] The first buffer member 2 is connected to the first member 51. The first buffer member 2 is made of an elastic material. An example of the elastic material is vibration-isolating rubber, which is a flexible material. In the first buffer member 2 of this embodiment, the vibration-isolating rubber is formed into a cylindrical shape, and one end 2a of the cylindrical shape in the axial direction (length direction) is fixed to a first mounting jig 7, which is fixed to the first member 51. In this way, the first buffer member 2 is connected to the first member 51.

[0015] The second buffer member 3 is connected to the second member 52 and the first buffer member 2. The second buffer member 3 has different characteristics from the first buffer member 2. In this embodiment, the second buffer member 3 is made of an elastic material, and the elastic material is an air spring, which is a highly flexible material with lower rigidity than the first buffer member 2. In other words, the highly flexible material of the second buffer member 3 means that it is an elastic material with lower rigidity so that its characteristics are different from those of the flexible material of the first buffer member 2. The air spring of the second buffer member 3 is formed into a hollow cylindrical shape with a bellows structure made of rubber and cloth and filled with compressed air. One end 3a of the air spring of the second buffer member 3 in the axial direction (length direction) of the cylindrical shape is fixed to a second mounting jig 8 fixed to the second member 52, and the other end 3b is attached to the other end 2b of the first buffer member 2. As a result, the second buffer member 3 is connected to the second member 52 and the first buffer member 2. The first buffer member 2 and the second buffer member 3 are arranged in series between the first member 51 and the second member 52.

[0016] The engagement portions 4 are formed on the first buffer member 2. The engagement portions 4 are formed on the cylindrical circumferential surface 2c, which is the outer surface of the first buffer member 2. In the embodiment, the engagement portions 4 form friction surfaces 4a on the outer surface where a metal plate or the like is arranged on the cylindrical circumferential surface 2c of the first buffer member 2. In the embodiment, the engagement portions 4 are provided at four positions evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the circumferential surface 2c of the first buffer member 2.

[0017] The engaging member 5 engages with the engaging portion 4. The engaging member 5 forms a pin-shaped pressing portion 5a that is pressed against the friction surface 4a of the engaging portion 4. That is, the pressing portion 5a of the engaging member 5 is pressed against the friction surface 4a to engage with the engaging portion 4. In this embodiment, the engaging members 5 are provided at four positions evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the peripheral surface 2c of the first buffer member 2 in accordance with the arrangement of the engaging portions 4.

[0018] The support member 6 is connected to the second member 52, and the engaging member 5 is attached thereto. The support member 6 is connected to the second member 52 by being fixed to a second mounting jig 8, which is fixed to the second member 52. The support member 6 is formed in a cylindrical shape that surrounds the first buffer member 2 and the second buffer member 3, and is fixed to the second mounting jig 8 in a state in which the first buffer member 2 and the second buffer member 3 are inserted through the support member 6. The engaging member 5 is attached to a portion of the support member 6 that surrounds the friction surface 4a of the engaging portion 4. The pressing force that presses the engaging member 5 against the friction surface 4a generates a frictional force between the pressing portion 5a of the engaging member 5 and the frictional surface 4a, and this frictional force is determined by the distance between the support member 6 and the frictional surface 4a and the length of the pressing portion 5a between the support member 6 and the frictional surface 4a.

[0019] In the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment configured as described above, under normal conditions when no transient external force is applied to the first member 51 (such as a ship, train, vehicle, or container) or when no external force due to an earthquake is applied to the building (such as the first member 51), the engaging member 5 is engaged by contacting the engaging portion 4 via frictional force, as shown in FIG. 1 . Therefore, in the shock absorber 1, under normal conditions, the load caused by a person walking on the floor (such as the second member 52) and activating the device is transmitted from the second member 52 to the first member 51 via the second mounting jig 8, the support member 6, the engaging member 5, the engaging portion 4, the first shock absorber 2, and the first mounting jig 7. This load is therefore borne by the first shock absorber 2. The first shock absorber 2 is made of an elastic material with relatively high rigidity, and therefore reduces the load caused by a person walking on the floor (such as the second member 52) and activates the device, preventing the floor (such as the second member 52) from shaking significantly.

[0020] On the other hand, if an excessive vibration or impact load occurs in the first member 51, such as in an abnormal event where a transient external force is applied to the ship, train, vehicle, or container that is the first member 51, or an abnormal event where an earthquake external force is applied to the building that is the first member 51, the load exceeds the frictional force between the engaging member 5 and the engaging portion 4. In this event, as shown in FIG. 3 , the engaging member 5 disengages from the engaging portion 4 and disengages from the shock absorber 1. Therefore, in the shock absorber 1, the load generated in the first member 51 is transmitted from the first member 51 to the second member 52 via the first mounting jig 7, the first buffer member 2, the second buffer member 3, and the second mounting jig 8. Therefore, the load is borne by the first buffer member 2 and the second buffer member 3. Because the first buffer member 2 is made of an elastic material with a relatively high rigidity and the second buffer member 3 is made of an elastic material with a relatively low rigidity, the second buffer member 3 reduces the transient load generated in the first member 51, significantly reducing the vibration frequency of the second member 52. Therefore, the shock absorber 1 significantly reduces excessive vibrations and impact loads transmitted to the second member 52.

[0021] Here, Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of the ratio between impact response and static response, Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the damping ratio of the impact load and the maximum value, Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the application time of the impact load and the maximum value, and Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the floor period of the impact load and the maximum value.

[0022] Assume that the impact load from the first member 51 to the second member 52 when only the first buffer member 2 is disposed between the first member 51 and the second member 52 is a sine half-wave input. Regarding the impact response to the sine half-wave input, in FIG. 4, the ratio of the impact response to the static response when damping is present (damping ratio ζ = 0.1) (X / X st ) is the time history waveform of the second member 52. X is the response of the second member 52, and X stis the response when an impact load is applied statically. The basic parameters are the vibration frequency of the second member 52 of 1 Hz, the application time of the impact load of 5 msec (100 Hz), and the damping ratio of 10%. The first response indicated by the arrow in FIG. 4 is the maximum impact response. This impact response is a transient response, as shown in FIG. 5, and the damping effect on response reduction is small. The impact energy is expressed as the impulse of the load and application time, and as shown in FIG. 6, the response increases in proportion to the application time. The response is significantly affected by the ratio of the vibration frequency of the second member 52 to the application time of the impact. To reduce the response to 1 / 5, the period (floor period) of the second member 52 must be increased by approximately five times, as shown in FIG. 7. Therefore, in the shock absorber 1 of this embodiment, by setting the period of the second buffer member 3 to approximately five times that of the second member 52, the excessive vibration and impact load transmitted to the second member 52 can be significantly reduced.

[0023] FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged view of another configuration example of the shock absorber of the first embodiment.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 8 , the shock absorber 1 further includes a pressing adjustment unit 9. The pressing adjustment unit 9 adjusts the pressing force of the pressing portion 5a against the friction surface 4a. In the pressing adjustment unit 9, the pin of the pressing portion 5a is configured as a bolt 9a, and the bolt 9a is screwed into a nut (bolt hole) 9b provided in the support member 6. The pressing adjustment unit 9 changes the amount by which the bolt 9a is screwed into the nut 9b, thereby adjusting the pressing force of the bolt 9a against the friction surface 4a. In this way, by adjusting the pressing force of the pressing portion 5a against the friction surface 4a using the pressing adjustment unit 9, the engagement force (frictional force) between the engaging member 5 and the engaging portion 4 can be adjusted, and the level of impact load required for the engaging member 5 to disengage from the engaging portion 4 can be changed when excessive vibration or impact load occurs in the first member 51.

[0025] Thus, the buffer device 1 of embodiment 1 includes a first buffer member 2 connected to a first member 51, a second buffer member 3 connected to a second member 52 and also connected to the first buffer member 2 and having characteristics different from those of the first buffer member 2, an engagement portion 4 formed on the first buffer member 2, an engagement member 5 that engages with the engagement portion 4, and a support member 6 connected to the second member 52 and to which the engagement member 5 is attached.

[0026] According to the shock absorber 1 of this embodiment 1, the load acting on the second member 52 under normal circumstances is reduced by the first shock absorber 2, while when excessive vibration or impact load occurs on the first member 51, the engaging member 5 disengages from the engaging portion 4, and the load is reduced by the second shock absorber 3. As a result, the shock absorber 1 of embodiment 1 can obtain a shock absorbing effect against both small loads and transient large loads.

[0027] In the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment, the engaging portion 4 forms a friction surface 4a, and the engaging member 5 forms a pressing portion 5a that is pressed against the friction surface 4a. Therefore, the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment can engage and disengage the engaging portion 4 and the engaging member 5 in response to a load.

[0028] Furthermore, the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment further includes a pressing adjustment unit 9 that adjusts the pressing force of the pressing portion 5a against the friction surface 4a. Therefore, the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment can change the level of the impact load that causes the engaging member 5 to disengage from the engaging portion 4 when excessive vibration or impact load occurs in the first member 51.

[0029] Furthermore, in the shock absorber 1 of embodiment 1, the first shock absorber member 2 is made of an elastic material, and the second shock absorber member 3 is made of an elastic material having lower rigidity than the first shock absorber member 2. Therefore, the shock absorber 1 of embodiment 1 can obtain a shock absorber effect against both a small load on the second member 52 side and a transient large load on the first member 51 side.

[0030] Furthermore, in the shock absorber 1 of embodiment 1, the first shock absorber 2 and the second shock absorber 3 are arranged in series between the first member 51 and the second member 52. Therefore, the shock absorber 1 of embodiment 1 can obtain a shock absorber effect against both the load on the second member 52 side and the load on the first member 51 side.

[0031] In the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment, the first member 51 is made of a structural body, and the second member 52 is made of an installation member attached to the structural body. Therefore, the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment can obtain a shock absorbing effect against both a small load on the installation member side and a transient large load on the structural body side.

[0032] [Embodiment 2] Fig. 9 is a side view of the shock absorber of embodiment 2. Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a side view showing the operation of the shock absorber of embodiment 2.

[0033] The shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment includes an engaging portion 14 and an engaging member 15 that are different in form from the engaging portion 4 and the engaging member 5 of the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment described above. The shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment is otherwise configured in the same manner as the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment. Therefore, in the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment, the same parts as those of the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

[0034] The engaging portions 14 are formed on the first buffer member 2. The engaging portions 14 are formed on the cylindrical circumferential surface 2c, which is the outer surface of the first buffer member 2. In the embodiment, the engaging portions 14 form recesses 14a on the outer surface where a metal plate or the like is arranged on the cylindrical circumferential surface 2c of the first buffer member 2. In the embodiment, the engaging portions 14 are provided at four positions evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the circumferential surface 2c of the first buffer member 2.

[0035] The engaging member 15 engages with the engaging portion 14. The engaging member 15 includes a protrusion 15a that fits into the recess 14a of the engaging portion 14, an elastic member 15b that applies an elastic force pressing the protrusion 15a against the recess 14a, and a cylindrical holding portion 15c that accommodates the protrusion 15a and the elastic member 15b. The protrusion 15a is spherical and movable in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical holding portion 15c, protruding from one end of the holding portion 15c in the longitudinal direction. The elastic member 15b is configured as a compression spring and generates an elastic force in the longitudinal direction of the holding portion 15c, pressing the protrusion 15a so that it protrudes from one end of the holding portion 15c. The other end of the holding portion 15c is fixed to the support member 6. In this embodiment, the engaging members 15 are provided at four equal positions along the circumferential direction of the peripheral surface 2c of the first buffer member 2, in accordance with the arrangement of the engaging portions 14.

[0036] In the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment configured as described above, under normal conditions when no transient external force is applied to the first member 51 (such as a ship, train, vehicle, or container) or when no external force due to an earthquake is applied to the building (such as the first member 51), the engaging member 15 engages with the engaging portion 14 by fitting the convex portion 15a into the concave portion 14a, as shown in FIG. 9 . Therefore, in the shock absorber 11, under normal conditions, the load caused by a person walking on the floor (such as the second member 52) and the device operating is transmitted from the second member 52 to the first member 51 via the second mounting jig 8, the support member 6, the engaging member 15, the engaging portion 14, the first shock absorber 2, and the first mounting jig 7. Therefore, this load is borne by the first shock absorber 2. The first shock absorber 2 is made of an elastic material with relatively high rigidity, and thus reduces the load caused by a person walking on the floor (such as the second member 52) and the device operating, preventing the floor (such as the second member 52) from shaking significantly.

[0037] On the other hand, if an excessive vibration or impact load occurs in the first member 51, such as in an abnormal event where a transient external force is applied to the ship, train, vehicle, or container that is the first member 51, or an abnormal event where an earthquake external force is applied to the building that is the first member 51, the load exceeds the engagement force between the engaging member 15 and the engaging portion 14. In this event, as shown in FIG. 11 , the engaging member 15 disengages from the engaging portion 14 and disengages from the shock absorber 11. Therefore, in the shock absorber 11, the load generated in the first member 51 is transmitted from the first member 51 to the second member 52 via the first mounting jig 7, the first shock absorber 2, the second shock absorber 3, and the second mounting jig 8. Therefore, the load is borne by the first shock absorber 2 and the second shock absorber 3. Because the first shock absorber 2 is made of an elastic material with a relatively high rigidity and the second shock absorber 3 is made of an elastic material with a relatively low rigidity, the second shock absorber 3 reduces the transient load generated in the first member 51, significantly reducing the vibration frequency of the second member 52. Therefore, the shock absorber 11 significantly reduces excessive vibrations and impact loads transmitted to the second member 52.

[0038] FIG. 12 is a partially enlarged view of another configuration example of the shock absorber of the second embodiment.

[0039] As shown in FIG. 12 , the shock absorber 11 further includes an elastic force adjusting unit 19. The elastic force adjusting unit 19 adjusts the elastic force of the elastic member 15b applied to the protrusion 15a. The elastic force adjusting unit 19 is configured by threading a bolt 19a, which is inserted from the other end into the cylindrical interior of the retaining portion 15c, into a nut (bolt hole) 19b provided in the support member 6. The elastic force adjusting unit 19 changes the amount by which the bolt 19a is threaded into the nut 19b, thereby adjusting the pressing force of the bolt 19a against the elastic member 15b. In this way, by adjusting the pressing force against the elastic member 15b using the elastic force adjusting unit 19, the engagement force (elastic force) of the protrusion 15a with the recess 14a can be adjusted, and the level of impact load required for the engagement member 15 to disengage from the engagement portion 14 can be changed when excessive vibration or impact load occurs in the first member 51.

[0040] Thus, the buffer device 11 of embodiment 2 includes a first buffer member 2 connected to the first member 51, a second buffer member 3 connected to the second member 52 and the first buffer member 2 and having different characteristics from the first buffer member 2, an engagement portion 14 formed on the first buffer member 2, an engagement member 15 that engages with the engagement portion 14, and a support member 6 connected to the second member 52 and to which the engagement member 15 is attached.

[0041] According to the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment, the load acting on the second member 52 under normal conditions is reduced by the first shock absorber 2, while when excessive vibration or impact load occurs on the first member 51, the engaging member 15 disengages from the engaging portion 14, and the load is reduced by the second shock absorber 3. As a result, the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment can obtain a shock absorbing effect against both small loads and transient large loads.

[0042] In the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment, the engaging portion 14 forms a recess 14a, and the engaging member 15 forms a protrusion 15a that is elastically fitted into the recess 14a. Therefore, the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment can engage and disengage the engaging portion 14 and the engaging member 15 in response to a load.

[0043] Furthermore, the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment further includes an elastic force adjusting unit 19 that adjusts the elastic force applied to the protrusion 15 a. Therefore, the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment can change the level of the impact load that causes the engaging member 15 to disengage from the engaging portion 14 when excessive vibration or impact load occurs in the first member 51.

[0044] Furthermore, in the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment, the first shock absorber member 2 is made of an elastic material, and the second shock absorber member 3 is made of an elastic material having lower rigidity than the first shock absorber member 2. Therefore, the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment can obtain a shock absorbing effect against both a small load on the second member 52 side and a transient large load on the first member 51 side.

[0045] In addition, in the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment, the first shock absorber 2 and the second shock absorber 3 are arranged in series between the first member 51 and the second member 52. Therefore, the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment can obtain a shock absorber effect against both the load on the second member 52 side and the load on the first member 51 side.

[0046] In the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment, the first member 51 is made of a structural body, and the second member 52 is made of an installation member attached to the structural body. Therefore, the shock absorber 11 of the second embodiment can obtain a shock absorbing effect against both a small load on the installation member side and a transient large load on the structural body side.

[0047] [Embodiment 3] Fig. 13 is a side view of the shock absorber of embodiment 3. Fig. 14 is a side view showing the operation of the shock absorber of embodiment 3.

[0048] The shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment includes a second shock absorber member 23 having a different configuration from the second shock absorber member 3 of the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment described above. The shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment is otherwise similar in configuration to the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment. Therefore, in the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment, parts similar to those of the shock absorber 1 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted. Note that although the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment includes the pressing adjustment unit 9 in FIGS. 13 and 14 , it is not necessary to include the pressing adjustment unit 9.

[0049] The second buffer member 23 is connected to the second member 52 and also to the first buffer member 2 . The second buffer member 23 has different characteristics from the first buffer member 2. The second buffer member 23 of this embodiment is made of a damping material and is configured as a high-damping material having higher damping performance than the first buffer member 2. The damping material of the second buffer member 23 is made of an energy absorbing material such as a viscous body, an elasto-plastic body, or a honeycomb structure. One end 23a of the cylindrical axial direction (length direction) of the damping material of the second buffer member 23 is fixed to the second mounting jig 8 fixed to the second member 52, and the other end 23b is attached to the other end 2b of the first buffer member 2. In this way, the second buffer member 23 is connected to both the second member 52 and the first buffer member 2. The first buffer member 2 and the second buffer member 23 are arranged in series between the first member 51 and the second member 52.

[0050] In the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment configured as described above, under normal circumstances when no transient external force is applied to the first member 51 (such as a ship, train, vehicle, or container) or when no external force due to an earthquake is applied to the building (such as the first member 51), the engaging member 5 is engaged by contacting the engaging portion 4 via friction, as shown in FIG. 13 . Therefore, in the shock absorber 21, under normal circumstances, the load caused by a person walking on the floor (such as the second member 52) and the device operating is transmitted from the second member 52 to the first member 51 via the second mounting jig 8, the support member 6, the engaging member 5, the engaging portion 4, the first shock absorber 2, and the first mounting jig 7. Therefore, this load is borne by the first shock absorber 2. The first shock absorber 2 is made of an elastic material with relatively high rigidity, and therefore reduces the load caused by a person walking on the floor (such as the second member 52) and the device operating, preventing the floor (such as the second member 52) from shaking significantly.

[0051] On the other hand, if an excessive vibration or impact load occurs in the first member 51, such as in an abnormal situation where a transient external force is applied to the ship, train, vehicle, or container that is the first member 51, or in an abnormal situation where an earthquake external force is applied to the building that is the first member 51, the load exceeds the frictional force between the engaging member 5 and the engaging portion 4. At this time, as shown in FIG. 14 , the engaging member 5 disengages from the engaging portion 4 and disengages from the shock absorber 21. Therefore, in the shock absorber 21, the load generated in the first member 51 is transmitted from the first member 51 to the second member 52 via the first mounting jig 7, the first shock absorber 2, the second shock absorber 23, and the second mounting jig 8. Therefore, the load is borne by the first shock absorber 2 and the second shock absorber 23. Because the first shock absorber 2 is made of a relatively rigid elastic material and the second shock absorber 23 is made of a damping material, the second shock absorber 23 reduces the transient load generated in the first member 51 by damping, significantly reducing the vibration frequency of the second member 52. Therefore, the shock absorber 21 significantly reduces excessive vibrations and impact loads transmitted to the second member 52.

[0052] Thus, the buffer device 21 of embodiment 3 includes a first buffer member 2 connected to the first member 51, a second buffer member 23 connected to the second member 52 and the first buffer member 2 and having different characteristics from the first buffer member 2, an engagement portion 4 formed on the first buffer member 2, an engagement member 5 that engages with the engagement portion 4, and a support member 6 connected to the second member 52 and to which the engagement member 5 is attached.

[0053] According to the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment, the load acting on the second member 52 under normal circumstances is reduced by the first shock absorber 2, while when excessive vibration or impact load occurs on the first member 51, the engaging member 5 disengages from the engaging portion 4, and the load is reduced by the second shock absorber 23. As a result, the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment can obtain a shock absorbing effect against both small loads and transient large loads.

[0054] In the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment, the engaging portion 4 forms a friction surface 4a, and the engaging member 5 forms a pressing portion 5a that is pressed against the friction surface 4a. Therefore, the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment can engage and disengage the engaging portion 4 and the engaging member 5 in response to a load.

[0055] Furthermore, the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment further includes a pressing adjustment unit 9 that adjusts the pressing force of the pressing portion 5a against the friction surface 4a. Therefore, the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment can change the level setting of the impact load at which the engaging member 5 is released from the engaging portion 4 when excessive vibration or impact load occurs in the first member 51.

[0056] In the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment, the first shock absorber 2 is made of an elastic material, and the second shock absorber 23 is made of a damping material. Therefore, the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment can obtain a shock absorbing effect against both a small load on the second member 52 side and a transient large load on the first member 51 side.

[0057] In addition, in the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment, the first shock absorber 2 and the second shock absorber 23 are arranged in series between the first member 51 and the second member 52. Therefore, the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment can obtain a shock absorber effect against both the load on the second member 52 side and the load on the first member 51 side.

[0058] In the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment, the first member 51 is made of a structural body, and the second member 52 is made of an installation member attached to the structural body. Therefore, the shock absorber 21 of the third embodiment can obtain a shock absorbing effect against both a small load on the installation member side and a transient large load on the structural body side. [Explanation of symbols]

[0059] 1,11,21 Shock absorber 2. First buffer member 3,23 Second buffer member 4,14 Engagement part 4a Friction surface 14a Recess 5,15 Engagement member 5a Pressing part 15a Convex part 6 Support member 9 Pressure adjustment part 19 Elasticity adjustment section 51 First member 52 Second member

Claims

1. a first buffer member connected to the first member; a second buffer member connected to a second member and the first buffer member, the second buffer member having characteristics different from those of the first buffer member; an engaging portion formed on the first buffer member; an engaging member provided so as to be engageable with and detachable from the engaging portion; a support member connected to the second member to which the engagement member is attached; Including, The engagement portion forms a recess, The engaging member forms a protrusion that is fitted into the recess with elastic force. Buffer device.

2. The shock absorber according to claim 1 , further comprising an elastic force adjusting portion that adjusts the elastic force applied to the protrusion.

3. 3. The shock absorber according to claim 1, wherein the first shock absorber is made of an elastic material, and the second shock absorber is made of an elastic material having a lower rigidity than the first shock absorber.

4. The shock absorber according to claim 1 , wherein the first shock absorber member is made of an elastic material, and the second shock absorber member is made of a damping material.

5. The shock absorber according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second shock absorbers are arranged in series between the first member and the second member.

6. The shock absorber according to claim 1 , wherein the first member is a structural body, and the second member is an installation member provided on the structural body.

Images