Lubricant compositions and their uses

Abstract

To provide a lubricant composition and use of the same.SOLUTION: A lubricant composition comprises A) a base oil, B) at least one additive, and C) an organic compound containing a polar moiety and a nonpolar moiety as a slip improver, in an amount of 0.001 to 10 mass%, based on total mass of the lubricant composition, wherein the organic compound has a dielectric constant εr in a range of 1.5 to 10, and the ratio ∫S1 / ∫S2 of the organic compound is in the range of 1 to 25 ( wherein, ∫S1 is a sum of areas of IR absorption bands within a wave number range of 3100 to 2750 cm-1 in an ATR spectrum of the organic compound, and ∫S2 is the sum of the areas of IR absorption bands within the wavenumber range 1800-1650 cm-1). Use thereof as a gear oil, a rolling bearing oil, and a plain bearing oil are also provided in general industry sector and in a marine and terrestrial sector, as well as in terrestrial machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to lubricant compositions and their use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils for general industrial use and as gear oils and plain bearing oils in the marine field and in the field of inland waters and in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0002] When lubricants or lubricant compositions are used as general industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils, and plain bearing oils, the challenge is to ensure excellent tribological properties at the meshing points and excellent compatibility of the lubricant with the seal materials. Radial shaft seal rings are typically used in gears, plain bearings, and rolling bearings, and are usually made from elastomers such as FKM (fluoro rubber), NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber), HNBR (hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber), ACM / AEM (acrylate elastomer / ethylene acrylic acid elastomer), and polyurethane. The importance of the seal compatibility of the lubricant is evident from the frequent occurrence of gear, plain bearing, and rolling bearing failures. The rate of gear, plain bearing, and rolling bearing failures due to lubricant and seal incompatibility is significantly higher than the rate of gear, plain bearing, and rolling bearing failures due to, for example, scuffing. Therefore, the selection of base oil component(s) for the lubricant as well as a carefully tailored additive selection are essential to prevent damage to the seals while still achieving very good tribological properties. A further problem is that many lubricants used in general industry are not suitable for sometimes unintentional food contact, for example in food industry applications, i.e., they do not have H1 certification in accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations §21 CFR 178.3570.

[0003] There is therefore a need for new lubricants or lubricant compositions for use as general industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils or plain bearing oils which exhibit high compatibility with seal materials, in particular elastomeric materials, and at the same time have good tribological properties, resulting in improved sliding behavior, a reduction in the stick-slip effect ("stick-slip effect"), in particular in frictional contacts at high loads and low rotational speeds, and a favorable influence on gray staining load capacity.

[0004] Moreover, it would be practically desirable if these lubricant compositions were also minimally toxic and, at times, acceptable according to NSF / H1 certification for unintentional food contact, as they would be suitable for use in the food processing industry.

[0005] When lubricants or lubricant compositions are used in marine and inland water applications, i.e., when the lubricant or lubricant composition is typically used below the waterline of the oil-water intersection, there is a risk that the marine or aquatic environment will be polluted by lubricant spills, for example, caused by leaks. Despite attempts to seal the water side as well as possible during these applications, lubricant losses are commonplace. Therefore, the demand for ecologically sound lubricants to reduce the chemical load on marine and inland waters is growing tremendously. However, the demand for ecologically sound lubricants is also growing on land, because the chemical load on soil also plays an increasingly important role. Components used on land may come into contact with water, for example, through rain. Furthermore, leaks are not impossible here, which can pollute the environment and soil. A high demand for ecologically sound lubricants on land exists, particularly in mining, wind power plants, and agricultural machinery.

[0006] In recent years, environmental protection, especially marine protection, has become increasingly important. For lubricants used below the waterline, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Vessel General Permit (VGP), for example, requires the use of so-called environmentally friendly lubricants (EALs), which must meet strict requirements for biodegradability and aquatic toxicity. Therefore, conventional EALs are manufactured with natural and synthetic ester bases instead of traditional mineral oil bases. However, compared to mineral oil-based lubricants, their relatively lower stability during use often results in seal damage and significant performance degradation in terms of sliding or lubrication behavior.

[0007] Therefore, there is also a need for biocompatible lubricants, i.e., with good biodegradability and minimal aquatic toxicity, which have high compatibility with seals, especially elastomeric materials, and are especially suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in the marine and land-based sectors, including in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0008] Furthermore, problems with stern tube lubrication often occur when using EALs compared to mineral oil-based lubricants. Many suggest that EALs result in underlubrication of the bearings at low speeds and high loads. It is known that underlubrication conditions can also occur in other lubrication points. These include, for example, all plain bearings, gears, linear guides, pneumatic elements, equipment, rolling bearings, chains, cables, springs, and screws. In this context, there is also a need for novel biocompatible lubricants for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils, and plain bearing oils in marine and inland waters, as well as in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, and that also result in improved sliding behavior.

[0009] It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide a lubricant or lubricant composition which exhibits improved compatibility with sealing materials, in particular elastomers, and which has excellent tribological properties, resulting in improved sliding behavior, reduced stick-slip effect ("stick-slip effect") and a favorable effect on gray staining load capacity, and which is suitable for use as general industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils.

[0010] It was a further object of the present invention to provide minimally toxic, i.e., NSF / H1 certified, lubricants suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in general industry, including use in the food processing industry, and which also exhibit the above-mentioned advantageous properties with respect to seal compatibility and sliding behavior.

[0011] Furthermore, it was an object of the present invention to provide lubricants which have improved compatibility with seals, especially elastomers, and at the same time produce improved sliding or lubrication behavior, and which are biocompatible, i.e. have good biodegradability and minimal aquatic toxicity, and are suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in the marine and inland water sectors, as well as in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0012] One or more of the above problems are solved by a lubricant composition comprising as components: A) base oil, B) at least one additive, and C) As a slip improver, an organic compound containing a polar moiety and a non-polar moiety, 0.001 to 10 mass% based on the total mass of the lubricant composition. and the organic compound has a relative dielectric constant ε in the range of 1.5 to 10. r and a ratio ∫S1 / ∫S2 of the organic compounds is in the range of 1 to 25.

[0013] “∫S1” is the wavenumber range of 3100 to 2750 cm in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 It represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands in

[0014] “∫S2” is the wavenumber range of 1800 to 1650 cm in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 It represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands in

[0015] Surprisingly, in addition to other components / constituents contained in the lubricant composition, the lubricant composition contains a polar portion as well as a non-polar portion, and the dielectric constant ε r It has been found that the presence of organic compounds that satisfy the requirements of ∫S1 / ∫S2 (in the range of 1.5 to 10) and the ratio ∫S1 / ∫S2 (in the range of 1 to 25) results in a significant improvement in the sliding behavior between two friction counterparts, such as metal / metal or metal / elastomer (e.g., FKM or NBR). Therefore, said organic compounds are referred to herein as "slip improvers."

[0016] In the sense of the present invention, the terms lubricant composition, lubricant, and formulation are used synonymously.

[0017] In the sense of the present invention, the term "organic compound" includes single compounds (ie, molecules) and mixtures of single compounds as well as oligomers and polymers, including homopolymers, copolymers and polymer blends, and mixtures thereof.

[0018] Oligomers in the sense of the present invention are composed of a plurality, in particular of 2 to 10, structurally identical or similar organic units (monomers), in particular with a weight-average molar mass (M) of up to about 1000. w In the sense of the present invention, a polymer (homopolymer) is understood accordingly to be a molecule or chemical compound that is composed of a large number, in particular more than 10, of structurally identical or similar organic units (monomers), in particular a weight-average molar mass (M ) of more than about 1000. wA copolymer is understood to be a polymer made up of two or more different monomer units.

[0019] The organic compound C) according to the present invention contains polar and non-polar moieties, i.e., is composed of one or more identical or different polar moieties and one or more identical or different non-polar moieties, from which a specific relative polarity results. Polar moieties in the sense of the present invention may be any polar functional group known to those skilled in the art. In particular, the polar moieties may be carbonyl groups, ester groups (R-CO-OR), keto groups (R-CO-R), aldehyde groups (R-CHO), amide groups (R-CO-A, where A=NH2, NHR, or NR2), imide groups (R-CO-NR-CO-R), carboxylic anhydride groups (R-CO-O-CO-R), urea groups (RN-CO-NR2), urethane groups (R-NH-CO-OR), carboxylate groups (R-COO - and carboxy groups (R-COOH), where each R is independently any organic aliphatic or aromatic group. Non-polar molecular moieties in the sense of the present invention may be any non-polar group known to those skilled in the art, and are in particular selected from one or more linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups or aromatic groups, such as linear or branched alkylbenzene groups.

[0020] The organic compound C) according to the invention has a relative dielectric constant ε in the range of 1.5 to 10, preferably 1.7 to 8, particularly preferably 2 to 7, and most preferably 2.3 to 5. r It has.

[0021] Relative permittivity ε of the medium r is also written as the permittivity number or dielectric constant and is the dimensionless ratio of the permittivity ε of the medium to the permittivity ε of a vacuum: ε r= ε / ε0. Dielectric constant, also written as dielectric conductivity, describes the material properties of electrically insulating polar or non-polar substances, so-called dielectrics, and describes the permeability of a material or substance to an electric field. The dielectric constant is a measure of the material or substance's ability to weaken the field of dielectric polarization.

[0022] According to the invention, the organic compound C) contained in the lubricant composition is further characterized in that it has a ratio ∫S1 / ∫S2 in the range of 1 to 25, preferably 1.3 to 22, particularly preferably 1.7 to 17, and most preferably 2 to 14.

[0023] Here, “∫S1” is the wavenumber range of 3100 to 2750 cm in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 and “∫S2” represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands in the wavenumber range 1800 to 1650 cm in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 It represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands in

[0024] Those skilled in the art are aware that ATR infrared spectroscopy is a measurement technique for infrared spectroscopy, suitable for solid and liquid samples, and has become the dominant IR technique in many fields over time. Unlike classical IR measurement methods, in which the transmittance of a sample is measured, ATR infrared spectroscopy is based on the principle of total internal reflection (see ATR, Attenuated Total Reflection, NJ Harrick: Internal Reflection Spectroscopy. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1967, ISBN 0-470-35250-7). Spectra similar to those obtained by transmission spectroscopy are obtained. Indeed, the IR absorption bands in the ATR spectrum are broader and more intense toward larger wavelengths (smaller wavenumbers) than those in the corresponding transmission spectrum. However, it is known that the positions of the IR absorption bands in the transmission spectrum and the ATR spectrum are the same. From spectral data banks and tables of vibrational data for important atomic groups (e.g., Helmut Guenzler, Hans-Ulrich Gremlich: IR-Spektroskopie: Eine Einfuehrung. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2003, pp. 165-240), the vibrational frequencies of approximately 1800-1650 cm -1 In particular, the characteristic IR absorption band of the CO stretching vibration (valence vibration) of the carbonyl group of the carbonyl compound is present in the transmission spectrum or ATR spectrum within the wavenumber range of about 3100 to 2750 cm -1 In particular, the -CH group in aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons is detected in the transmission spectrum or ATR spectrum in the wavenumber range of x It is known to those skilled in the art that there are characteristic IR absorption bands of CH stretching vibrations (valence vibrations) of 1, 2 or 3 (x=1, 2 or 3, the number of bonded hydrogen atoms).

[0025] Therefore, the ratio ∫S1 / ∫S2 is mainly caused by the nonpolar molecular part of the organic compound in the wavenumber range of 3100 to 2750 cm -1 Absorption in the wavenumber range of 1800-1650 cm caused mainly by the polar molecular moiety of the organic compound. -1Therefore, the ratio ∫S1 / ∫S2 can be interpreted as a measure of the polarity of the organic compounds, including polar and non-polar moieties, contained in the lubricant composition.

[0026] The amount of organic compound C) in the lubricant composition is preferably at least 0.001% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.05% by weight, for example at least 0.1% by weight, and at most 10% by weight, particularly preferably at most 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, to achieve optimal elastomer compatibility and sliding action.

[0027] In embodiments of the invention which are particularly suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils for general industrial use, including, for example, in the food processing industry for sometimes unintentional food contact, it is particularly preferred if the amount of organic compound C) is 0.001 to 2.5% by weight, and very particularly preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, to achieve optimal elastomer compatibility and sliding action.

[0028] In embodiments of the invention which are particularly suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils, for example in the marine and inland water sectors and in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, it is particularly preferred if the amount of organic compound C) is 0.1 to 10% by weight, very particularly preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, and most preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, to achieve optimal elastomer compatibility and sliding action.

[0029] In addition to other constituents / components of the lubricant composition, such as base oil(s) or additive(s), the lubricant composition contains polar and non-polar moieties, and the dielectric constant ε rBy adding organic compounds that meet the above-defined requirements for ∫S1 / ∫S2 (in the range of 1.5 to 10) and the ratio ∫S1 / ∫S2 (in the range of 1 to 25), it is surprisingly possible to achieve improved sliding or lubrication behavior, especially at low gear and bearing speeds and high loads. Furthermore, the organic compounds contribute to improving the compatibility of the lubricant compositions according to the invention with elastomeric materials, such as FKM and NBR.

[0030] In one embodiment of the invention, the organic compounds C) additionally have NSF / H1 certification and are therefore used in lubricants that are used in the food processing industry as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils, sometimes for unintentional food contact.

[0031] In a further embodiment of the invention, the organic compound C) is an organic compound which is additionally biodegradable (e.g. according to OECD Test Guideline 301 AF or OECD 306) and / or has low aquatic toxicity (e.g. according to OECD Test Guideline 201, 202, 203 or 236), thereby making the organic compound suitable for use in lubricants used as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in the marine field and in the field of inland waters, as well as in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0032] Preferred examples of organic compounds that can be advantageously used as slip improvers in the lubricant compositions according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following compounds: Maleic Acid ester olefin copolymers (commercially available, for example, as Ketjenlube® 135, Ketjenlube® 2700, Ketjenlube® 23000), Modified polyester (e.g. Perfad (商標) 3000, Perfad (商標) 3050), Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), linear polymers as well as star polymers (e.g., commercially available as Lubrizol 87725); oleic acid, in particular a mixture of C16-C18 fatty acids and C18-unsaturated fatty acids (commercially available, for example, as Herwemag OA), Glycerol monooleate (GMO), especially one with a minimum of 40% mono content and a maximum of 6% free glycerol (e.g., commercially available as Ilco Lube 2316); Polymethacrylate (PMA), linear polymers as well as comb polymers (e.g., commercially available as Viscoplex® 3-200); Comb polymers of 1-decene and 9-dodecylic acid methyl ester (commercially available, for example, as Elevance Aria® WTP 40); Pentaerythritol tetraisostearate (e.g., Priolube (商標) (Commercially available as 3987-LQ).

[0033] The lubricant composition according to the invention contains as a further component A) a base oil constituent.

[0034] The base oil is Synthetic esters, in particular neopentyl glycol esters, such as neopentyl glycol diisostearate, pentaerythritol esters, such as pentaerythritol tetraisostearate, trimethylolpropane esters, such as trimethylpropane trioleate or trimethylolpropane tricaprylate, preferably fully or partially esterified with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated monocarboxylic and / or dicarboxylic acids with a chain length of 4 to 36 carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched, in any mixture. Trititol and trimethylolpropane complex esters, such as pentaerythritol-isostearate-sebacate complex esters or trimethylolpropane-isostearate-stearate-sebacate complex esters, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl)-sebacate, diisotridecyl-adipate (DITA) or isopropyl oleate, triglyceride fatty acid (C8 / C10) esters, trimellitic and pyromellitic esters, and estolides, Hydrocarbons, especially polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oil, mineral oil, alkylnaphthalenes, ethylene / α-olefin oligomers, and farnesene-based oils; Preferably water-soluble, water-miscible and / or oil-soluble ether compounds, in particular polyether polyols, perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs), alkyl diphenyl ethers and polyphenyl ethers, and preferably water-soluble, water-miscible and / or oil-soluble polyglycols, in particular polybutylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and copolymers thereof, and Silicone oil, and A mixture of two or more of these is preferably selected from

[0035] The term "complex esters" is understood in the sense of the present invention to mean, in particular, esters in whose preparation, for example, dicarboxylic acids (i.e., dicarboxylic acids) are used in addition to monocarboxylic acids (i.e., monocarboxylic acids) and polyols.

[0036] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, in particular when used as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil or plain bearing oil for general industrial use, the base oil is selected from polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oil, mineral oil, neopentyl glycol esters, pentaerythritol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and preferably the pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane complex esters as defined above, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters, triglyceride fatty acid (C8 / C10) esters, alkylnaphthalenes, ethylene / α-olefin oligomers, and water-soluble, water-miscible and / or oil-soluble polyglycols, and mixtures of two or more thereof.

[0037] In this context, it is particularly preferred if the base oil has NSF / H1 certification, in order to enable the lubricant composition to be used as gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil for sometimes unintended food contact in the food processing industry.

[0038] According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base oil is selected from polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, farnesene-based oils, estolides, and oil-soluble polyglycols, and mixtures of two or more thereof. These base oils are advantageous with regard to their biodegradability (i.e., biodegradability, for example, according to OECD Test Guidelines 301 AF or OECD 306) and can accordingly contribute to improved biodegradability of the lubricant composition, making the lubricant composition particularly suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils, and plain bearing oils in the marine and inland water sectors, as well as in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0039] The amount of the base oil or base oil blend in the lubricant composition is typically determined based on the amount of further ingredients / components contained in the composition, i.e., the lubricant composition is made up to 100% by mass with the base oil. Preferably, the total amount of the base oil or base oil blend is at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% or 60% by mass.

[0040] More preferably, the base oil or base oil blend used according to the present invention has a viscosity of at least 5 mm, measured at 40°C according to ASTM D 7042, respectively. 2 / s, more preferably 5 mm 2 / s~20000mm 2 / s, particularly preferably 5 mm 2 / s~10000mm 2 / s, and very particularly preferably 5 mm 2 / s~1700mm 2 / s viscosity.

[0041] Furthermore, the lubricant composition according to the invention contains as further component B) at least one additive as an additive substance which improves the desired properties of the lubricant. Commonly used additives or additive substances known in the prior art include, but are not limited to, antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, friction reducers, corrosion inhibitors, non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators, ion complexing agents, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point improvers and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators and antifoaming agents.

[0042] Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant composition contains at least one additive selected from antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, friction reducers, corrosion inhibitors, non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators, ion complexing agents, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point improvers and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators, and antifoaming agents. Particularly preferred is a mixture of two or more additives selected from antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, friction reducers, corrosion inhibitors, non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators, ion complexing agents, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point improvers and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color indicators, and antifoaming agents.

[0043] The deliberate addition of one or more additives can be accomplished to improve and / or impart specific properties to the lubricant.

[0044] By adding an antioxidant, the oxidative stability of the lubricant composition can be further improved, and thus an increase in (thermal) stability can be achieved.

[0045] The antioxidant is preferably selected from, but not limited to, the following compounds: Amine compounds (amine-based antioxidants), in particular linear or branched aliphatic amine compounds and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, wherein the aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds may be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl groups and aryl groups; Phenolic compounds (phenolic antioxidants), propionate, phosphites, Sulfur-containing compounds, in particular sulfur-containing phenolic compounds and sulfur-containing carboxylic acids, phosphothionates, thiocarbamates, thiophosphates, and thiopropionates, and A mixture of these compounds.

[0046] Particularly preferred antioxidants are selected from aromatic diamines and secondary aromatic amines, phenolic resins, thiophenolic resins, phosphites, zinc thiocarbamate, zinc thiophosphate, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, phenyl-α-naphthylamines, phenyl-β-naphthylamines, diphenylamine and diphenylamine derivatives, in particular octylated diphenylamine, butylated diphenylamine and styrenated diphenylamine, quinoline and quinoline derivatives, naphthylamine and naphthylamine derivatives, di-α-tocopherol, di-tert-butyl-phenylpropanoic acid and its esters, and mixtures thereof.

[0047] Examples of antioxidants that are particularly suitable according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, reaction products of benzeneamine with N-phenyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentene, octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, bis(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)amine, N-[(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]naphthalen-1-amine, isomer mixtures of 90% to 97.5% C7-C9 alkyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and 2.5% to 10% methyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, and thiodiethylenebis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate].

[0048] Suitable antioxidants are commercially available.

[0049] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, in particular when used as a gear oil, plain bearing oil or rolling bearing oil for general industrial use, the antioxidant is selected from phenolic antioxidants, amine antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, where the aliphatic and aromatic compounds may be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups, propionates and thiopropionates, where amine antioxidants are very particularly preferred when used as a gear oil, plain bearing oil or rolling bearing oil, in particular in the food processing industry for sometimes unintentional food contact.

[0050] According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the antioxidant is selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, wherein the aliphatic and aromatic compounds may be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups, phosphites, phosphothionates and thiocarbamates, in particular in the use of the lubricant composition as gear oils, plain bearing oils and rolling bearing oils in the marine and inland water sectors and in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, and wherein aminic antioxidants are very particularly preferred.

[0051] According to the present invention, a single compound or a combination of two or more compounds can be used as the antioxidant.

[0052] Furthermore, the lubricant composition according to the present invention may contain one or more corrosion inhibitors, the addition of which can impart corrosion and rust prevention properties to the lubricant composition.

[0053] Suitable corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to: acid salts, in particular metal carboxylates, sulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, benzenesulfonates, benzoates, naphthoates, naphthenates, succinates, salicylates and phosphates, and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of said acids / acid salts, which may additionally be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups, with sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) salts being particularly preferred; Amine compounds, imine compounds and imide compounds and metal salts thereof, in particular linear and branched aliphatic amine compounds, imine compounds and imide compounds and aromatic amine compounds, imine compounds and imide compounds and metal salts thereof, wherein the aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds, imine compounds and imide compounds may be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl groups and aryl groups, with Na, Ca, K and Mg salts being particularly preferred; and Partially neutralized or non-neutralized dicarboxylic acid derivatives, such as succinic acid half esters is preferably selected from the group:

[0054] Suitable corrosion inhibitors are commercially available.

[0055] In the case of use of the lubricant compositions as gear oils, plain bearing oils and rolling bearing oils in the food processing industry, sometimes for unintentional food contact, the use of N-methylglycine or a derivative thereof (e.g. sarcosine) as corrosion inhibitor is particularly preferred.

[0056] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, in particular in the field of general industrial and sometimes unintentional food contact in the food processing industry, when the lubricant composition is used as gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil, the corrosion inhibitor is metal carboxylates, sulfonates, benzenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, benzoates, and naphthoates and naphthenates, and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of said acid salts, which may additionally be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups, with Na, Ca, K, and Mg salts being particularly preferred; and Partially neutralized or non-neutralized dicarboxylic acid derivatives, such as succinic acid half esters is selected from the group:

[0057] According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the corrosion inhibitor is selected from neutralized or neutral acid salts, preferably neutral metal carboxylates, sulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, benzenesulfonates, benzoates, naphthoates, naphthenates and phosphates, and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of said acid salts, which may additionally be substituted by one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups, and preferably the Na, Ca, K and Mg salts thereof, with neutralized or neutral metal sulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates and benzenesulfonates being very particularly preferred, and in particular the Ca salts thereof, and neutral calcium sulfonates being most preferred. One example of a particularly suitable corrosion inhibitor for this embodiment is a neutral calcium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate.

[0058] The corrosion inhibitors may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0059] By "neutral" or "neutralized" acid salts or metal salts is understood, in the sense of the present invention, an acid salt or metal salt having an acid number (TAN) of less than or equal to 30 mg KOH / g.

[0060] Additionally, lubricant compositions according to the present invention may contain one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators and / or ion complexing agents.

[0061] The addition of non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators and / or ion complexing agents can protect non-ferrous metals, such as cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn), which are included in the so-called non-ferrous heavy metals, as well as their alloys, from corrosion by active sulfur.

[0062] Suitable non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators and ion complexing agents are preferably selected from triazole compounds, especially tolyltriazole, benzotriazole and their derivatives, imidazoline compounds, diazoles, and mercaptothiadiazoles, when the lubricant compositions are used as general industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils, and plain bearing oils, as well as in marine and inland water applications, and in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media. Particularly preferred non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators or ion complexing agents are triazole compounds, salicylates, and mercaptothiadiazoles, and their derivatives, with triazole compounds and their derivatives, especially benzotriazole and its derivatives, being particularly preferred. According to the present invention, the non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators or ion complexing agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.

[0063] Particularly preferred examples of non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators or ion complexing agents include, but are not limited to, reaction masses from benzotriazole and tolyltriazole and their derivatives with N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-6-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-2H-benzotriazole-2-methanamine, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-2H-benzotriazole-2-methanamine, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine and N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine.

[0064] Suitable non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators or ion complexing agents are commercially available.

[0065] Furthermore, the lubricant composition according to the present invention may contain one or more antiwear agents, friction reducers, and / or extreme pressure additives. Suitable antiwear agents, friction reducers, and extreme pressure additives are preferably selected from, but are not limited to, amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, aryl thiophosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acid, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3, Ta2O5, VO5, CeO2, aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi2, SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, ZrB2, nanoparticles selected from clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and heat-stable carbonates and sulfates, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Suitable commercially available additives are, for example, the products listed below: IRGALUBE® TPPT, IRGALUBE® 232, IRGALUBE® 349, IRGALUBE® 353, IRGALUBE® 211 and ADDITIN® RC3760 Liq 3960, FIRC-SHUN® FG 1505 and FG 1506, NA-LUBE® KR-015FG, LUBEBOND®, FLUORO® FG, SYNALOX® 40-D, ACHESON® FGA 1820 and ACHESON® FGA 1810.

[0066] Furthermore, the lubricant composition according to the present invention may contain one or more viscosity improvers. Suitable viscosity improvers are preferably selected from, but are not limited to, linear and branched alkylated, acrylated, and aliphatic polymers and copolymers, polymerized fatty acid esters, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Examples of suitable viscosity improvers are polymethacrylates, ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyisobutylene, polyalkylstyrenes, and hydrogenated styrene-isoprene copolymers. Suitable viscosity improvers are commercially available.

[0067] Additionally, the lubricant compositions of the present invention may contain one or more UV stabilizers. Suitable UV stabilizers are preferably selected from, but are not limited to, nitrogen heterocyclic compounds and substituted nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Suitable UV stabilizers are commercially available.

[0068] Furthermore, the lubricant composition according to the present invention may contain one or more solid lubricants. Suitable solid lubricants are preferably selected from, but not limited to, PTFE, boron nitride, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, pyrophosphate, thiosulfate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium stearate, zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, tin sulfide, graphite, graphene, nanotubes, SiO2 modifications, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Suitable solid lubricants are commercially available.

[0069] Additionally, the lubricant composition according to the present invention may contain one or more emulsifiers. Suitable emulsifiers are preferably selected from, but are not limited to, branched and / or linear ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols and their salts, especially alcohols having a chain length of 14 to 18 carbon atoms, ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alkyl ethers, fatty acid esters, and ionic surfactants, such as sodium salts of alkyl sulfonic acids, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Suitable emulsifiers are commercially available.

[0070] Furthermore, the lubricant composition according to the present invention may contain one or more antifoaming agents to prevent the formation of stable foam. Suitable antifoaming agents are preferably selected from, but are not limited to, ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols having a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, mono- and diglycerides of edible fats, acrylates, propoxylated and / or ethoxylated alkyl ethers, polyols, including diols, and polysiloxanes, such as silicone oils or polydimethylsiloxanes, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Particularly preferred antifoaming agents according to the invention are ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes with a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, with polysiloxanes being very particularly preferred, for use as gear oils, rolling and plain bearing oils in marine and inland water applications, as well as in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, and for use as gear oils, rolling and plain bearing oils in the food processing industry for general industrial and sometimes unintended food contact. Suitable antifoaming agents are commercially available.

[0071] Additionally, the lubricant composition according to the present invention may contain one or more color changing indicators. Suitable color changing indicators include, but are not limited to, 2,5-thiophenediylbis(5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole). Suitable color changing indicators are commercially available.

[0072] All additives may be present in the lubricating grease composition according to the invention either as a single compound or in combination of two or more.

[0073] The total amount of all additives or additive substances in the lubricant composition is preferably at least 0.01% by mass, particularly preferably at least 0.025% by mass, for example at least 0.5% by mass, and at most 10% by mass, particularly preferably at most 7.5% by mass, for example at most 6% by mass, or at most 5% by mass, based on the lubricant composition as a whole.

[0074] For example, in embodiments of the present invention that are suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils for general industrial use, including in particular in the food processing industry for sometimes unintentional food contact, it is particularly preferred if the total amount of all additives is 0.01 to 7.5% by weight, very particularly preferably 0.01 to 6.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0075] In embodiments of the present invention which are suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils, in particular in the marine and inland water sectors and in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, it is particularly preferred if the total amount of all additives is 0.5 to 7.0% by weight, very particularly preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

[0076] Since the additives are utilized to improve and / or impart specific properties to the lubricant, these additives may be added to the lubricant as a single substance or as a mixture of two or more additives depending on the needs or requirements of the lubricant, where the amount of each additive in the additive mixture is not limited as long as it does not exceed the total amount, as defined above, of all additives based on the total lubricant composition.

[0077] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant composition comprises A) base oil, B) the at least one additive, 0.01 to 10 mass % based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, and C) The organic compound, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, is 0.001 to 10 mass%, preferably 0.001 to 5 mass%. wherein said included ingredients together total 100% by weight, and wherein said components A), B) and C) are defined as above.

[0078] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, which is particularly suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils for general industry, including in the food processing industry, the lubricant composition contains an additive mixture of two or more additives including one or more antioxidants, one or more anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additives, one or more anti-foaming agents, optionally one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators, optionally one or more corrosion inhibitors, and optionally a color indicator.

[0079] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil or plain bearing oil for general industrial use, said lubricant composition comprises: A) base oil, B) an additive mixture, 0.01 to 7.5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, wherein the additive mixture includes one or more antioxidants, one or more antiwear and / or extreme pressure additives, one or more antifoaming agents, optionally one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators, optionally one or more corrosion inhibitors, and optionally a color changing indicator; and C) The organic compound, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, is 0.001 to 10 mass%, preferably 0.001 to 5 mass%. wherein said included ingredients together total 100% by weight, and wherein said components A), B) and C) are defined as above.

[0080] According to a very particularly preferred embodiment of the lubricant composition according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for use as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil or plain bearing oil for general industrial use, said lubricant composition comprises: A) base oil, B) an additive mixture, 0.01 to 6.0 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, wherein the additive mixture includes: one or more antioxidants selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, propionates, and thiopropionates; one or more antifoaming agents selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols having a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes; one or more antiwear and / or extreme pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acid, nanoparticles selected from Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3, Ta2O5, V2O5, CeO2, aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi2, SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, ZrB2, clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and heat stable carbonates and sulfates; optionally, one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof; Optionally, one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from the group of metal carboxylates, sulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, benzenesulfonates, benzoates, naphthoates and naphthenates and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of said acid salts, which may additionally be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups, and in particular the Na, Ca, K and Mg salts thereof, and optionally, 2,5-thiophenediylbis(5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole) as a color indicator, and C) The organic compound, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, is 0.001 to 2.5 mass% wherein said included ingredients together total 100% by weight, and wherein said components A) and C) are defined as above.

[0081] According to this embodiment, the base oil is preferably selected from polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oil, mineral oil, neopentyl glycol esters, pentaerythritol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and preferably the pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane complex esters as defined above, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters, triglyceride-fatty acid-(C8 / C10)-esters, alkylnaphthalenes, ethylene / α-olefin oligomers and water-soluble, water-miscible and / or oil-soluble, and mixtures of two or more thereof.

[0082] The lubricants of this embodiment are highly compatible with elastomers typically used as sealants, such as FKM, NBR, HNBR, ACM / AEM, and polyurethane. At the same time, the lubricants of this embodiment exhibit good tribological properties, resulting in improved sliding behavior, reduced stick-slip effects ("stick-slip effects"), especially in frictional contacts at high loads and low bearing speeds and high loads, and a favorable effect on gray staining load capacity, making them particularly suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils, and plain bearing oils for general industrial applications.

[0083] According to a further embodiment of the invention, which is particularly suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in the marine and inland water sectors and in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, the lubricant composition additionally contains an ester compound as component D), whereby mixtures of two or more different ester compounds are also included according to the invention.

[0084] Preferably according to this embodiment, said at least one ester compound D) is from the group of natural glyceride esters, which may each be present in monomeric, oligomeric and / or polymeric form, in particular sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or canola oil, flax oil, corn oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, peanut oil, lesquerra oil, palm oil, olive oil, and mixtures of the aforementioned oils, and synthetic esters, in particular polyol esters, polyol complex esters, complex esters from dimer acids, dimer acid esters, aliphatic carboxylic and dicarboxylic acid esters, phosphate esters and trimellitic and pyromellitic esters, and From the group of combinations thereof, Particular preference is given here to polyol esters and polyol complex esters, and in particular to polyol esters obtained by reacting polyhydric alcohols (i.e. alcohols having more than one hydroxy group) with monocarboxylic acids (i.e. monobasic carboxylic acids), and in particular to polyol complex esters obtained by reacting polyhydric alcohols with monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids (i.e. dibasic carboxylic acids), in any mixture, as well as combinations thereof. is selected.

[0085] It is preferred according to this embodiment of the invention that the ester compound D) is biodegradable according to standards OECD 301 A-F or OECD 306, thereby achieving improved biodegradability and eco-compatibility of the lubricant composition according to the invention.

[0086] Further, the at least one ester compound has a viscosity of at least 130 mm at 40° C. 2 It is particularly preferable that the at least one ester compound has a kinematic viscosity of 130 to 1500 mm / s at 40°C, as measured in accordance with ASTM D 7042. 2 / s, and more preferably 130 to 1300 mm at 40°C. 2 / s range.

[0087] It is further preferred according to this embodiment of the present invention that the ester compound is contained in the lubricant composition in an amount of 0.1 to 85 mass %, more preferably 5 to 85 mass %, and particularly preferably 10 to 85 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition.

[0088] According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant composition of the present invention comprises A) base oil, B) 0.5 to 7 mass % of the at least one additive, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition; C) the organic compound, 0.1 to 10 mass % based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, and D) the ester compound, 0.1 to 85 mass% based on the total mass of the lubricant composition wherein said contained components together total 100% by weight, and wherein said components A), B), C), and D) are as defined above.

[0089] In addition to being highly compatible with seals, especially elastomers, the lubricants of this composition exhibit good sliding behavior and at the same time are well biodegradable, making them particularly suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in the marine and inland water sectors, as well as in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0090] The present invention therefore relates in a further aspect to a lubricant composition for use as gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil, in particular in the marine and inland water sectors and in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, which comprises as components: A) base oil, B) 0.5 to 7% by mass of at least one additive; C) 0.1 to 10% by weight of an organic compound containing a polar moiety and a non-polar moiety, and D) 0.1 to 85 mass% of an ester compound, wherein the amounts listed are each based on the total weight of the lubricant composition and together total 100% by weight; and the organic compound has a relative dielectric constant ε in the range of 1.5 to 10, preferably 1.7 to 8, particularly preferably 2 to 7, and most preferably 2.3 to 5. r and the ratio ∫S1 / ∫S2 of the organic compound is in the range of 1 to 25, preferably 1.3 to 22, particularly preferably 1.7 to 17, and most preferably 2 to 14, wherein "∫S1" is the wavenumber range of 3100 to 2750 cm in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1and “∫S2” represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands in the wavenumber range 1800 to 1650 cm in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 It represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands in

[0091] The components A), B), C) and D) are here preferably defined as above.

[0092] Particularly preferred according to this embodiment are neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol esters, which are esterified with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids, in particular with chain lengths of C4 to C36, preferably C10 to C36, particularly preferably C14 to C36 and very particularly preferably C18 to C36, and In particular, neopentyl glycol complex esters, trimethylolpropane complex esters and pentaerythritol complex esters, fully or partially esterified (i.e. still containing free, unesterified hydroxyl groups) with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids with chain lengths of C4 to C36, preferably C10 to C36, particularly preferably C14 to C36 and very particularly preferably C18 to C36, and saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched dicarboxylic acids with chain lengths of C4 to C36, preferably C4 to C18, particularly preferably C4 to C12, in any mixture, and combinations of these is selected from.

[0093] These ester compounds are particularly preferred in terms of biocompatibility or biodegradability of the lubricant composition.

[0094] Particularly preferred examples of the ester compound include pentaerythritol-tetraisostearate, pentaerythritol-isostearate-sebacate complex ester, trimethylolpropane-triisostearate, trimethylolpropane-trioleate, trimethylolpropane-tricaprylate, trimethylolpropane-isostearate-stearate-sebacate complex ester, and neopentyl glycol-diisostearate, but are not limited to these.

[0095] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred according to this embodiment that the base oil is selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, farnesene-based oils, estolides, and mixtures of two or more thereof, with oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs) being very particularly preferred. These base oils have particularly advantageous properties with regard to their biodegradability (i.e., biodegradability according to, for example, OECD Test Guideline 301 AF or OECD 306) and can accordingly contribute to improved biodegradability of the lubricant composition.

[0096] Further improvement of the elastomer compatibility of the lubricant composition can be achieved by careful additive selection, which is optimally tailored to the tribosystem consisting of the elastomeric material, the lubricant, and the metal. Accordingly, it is preferred according to this embodiment of the invention if the lubricant composition contains an additive mixture comprising one or more antioxidants, non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators, and corrosion inhibitors, and optionally one or more antifoam agents and antiwear and / or extreme pressure additives.

[0097] It is therefore particularly preferred according to this embodiment of the invention that the at least one additive B) is an additive mixture containing one or more antioxidants, non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators and corrosion inhibitors and optionally one or more antifoam and antiwear additives and / or extreme pressure additives. Particularly advantageously, it has been found in this regard that: phenolic antioxidants, amine antioxidants, preferably linear or branched aliphatic and aromatic amine compounds and salts thereof, wherein the aliphatic and aromatic compounds may be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups; antioxidants selected from phosphites, phosphothionates and thiocarbamates, wherein amine antioxidants are particularly preferred; non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof, where triazole compounds, especially benzotriazole compounds, and derivatives thereof are particularly preferred; Corrosion inhibitors selected from neutralized or neutral metal carboxylates, sulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, benzenesulfonates, benzoates, naphthoates, naphthenates and phosphates, and derivatives thereof, preferably the Na, Ca, K and Mg salts, of which neutralized or neutral metal sulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates and benzenesulfonates are particularly preferred, especially the Ca salts, where neutral calcium sulfonates, for example neutral calcium alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, are very particularly preferred, antifoaming agents selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols having a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, polyols, including diols, acrylates and polysiloxanes, where polysiloxanes are particularly preferred; antiwear and / or extreme pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acid, nanoparticles selected from Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3, Ta2O5, V2O5, CeO2, aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi2, SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, ZrB2, clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and heat stable carbonates and sulfates.

[0098] Additive mixtures of this kind are particularly suitable for lubricant compositions for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils or plain bearing oils in the marine and inland water sectors and in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0099] Therefore, further particularly preferred according to this embodiment of the invention is an additive mixture comprising: one or more antioxidants selected from aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphothionates, and thiocarbamates; one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof; one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from neutralized / neutral metal carboxylates, sulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, benzenesulfonates, benzoates, naphthoates, naphthenates and phosphates, and derivatives thereof, in particular the Na, Ca, K and Mg salts, one or more antifoaming agents, optionally selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols having a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes; and Optionally, one or more antiwear and / or extreme pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acid, nanoparticles selected from Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3, Ta2O5, VO5, CeO2, aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi2, SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, ZrB2, clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and heat stable carbonates and sulfates.

[0100] Thus, lubricant compositions suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils or plain bearing oils, in particular in the marine and inland water sectors and in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, comprise, according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention: A) base oil, B) an additive mixture, 0.5 to 7 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, wherein the additive mixture comprises: one or more antioxidants selected from aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphothionates, and thiocarbamates; one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof; one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from neutralized / neutral metal carboxylates, sulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, benzenesulfonates, benzoates, naphthoates, naphthenates, and phosphates, and derivatives thereof; one or more antifoaming agents, optionally selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols having a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes; and optionally, one or more antiwear and / or extreme pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acid, nanoparticles selected from Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3, Ta2O5, V2O5, CeO2, aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi2, SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, ZrB2, clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and heat stable carbonates and sulfates, C) the organic compound, 0.1 to 10 mass % based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, and D) the ester compound, 5 to 85 mass% based on the total mass of the lubricant composition wherein the ester compound is Neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and pentaerythritol esters, which are esterified with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids, in particular with chain lengths of C4 to C36, preferably C10 to C36, particularly preferably C14 to C36 and very particularly preferably C18 to C36, and In particular, neopentyl glycol complex esters, trimethylolpropane complex esters and pentaerythritol complex esters, which are fully or partially esterified with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids with a chain length of C4 to C36, preferably C10 to C36, particularly preferably C14 to C36 and very particularly preferably C18 to C36, and with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched dicarboxylic acids with a chain length of C4 to C36, preferably C4 to C18, particularly preferably C4 to C12, in any mixture, and combinations of these It is selected from the base oil is selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), white oils, farnesene-based oils, estolides, and mixtures of two or more thereof; The total amount of the components contained above is 100% by mass, and component C) is defined as above.

[0101] In this case, it is particularly preferred that the additive mixture is approximately neutral or has as low a total acid number (TAN) as possible, since this has a particularly advantageous effect on the elastomer compatibility of the lubricant composition.

[0102] Very particularly preferred, according to this embodiment of the invention, is that the lubricant composition contains: A) a base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), and mixtures of two or more thereof; B) 0.5 to 5% by weight of an additive mixture comprising one or more amine antioxidants, one or more neutralized / neutral metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates and / or metal benzenesulfonates, one or more triazole compounds, in particular benzotriazole compounds, and / or derivatives thereof, and one or more polysiloxanes, C) 0.1 to 5 mass % of the organic compound, and D) 10 to 85% by mass of pentaerythritol esters, wherein the amounts indicated are each based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, and the included components together total 100% by weight, and the organic compound C) is defined as above.

[0103] The lubricant of this composition exhibits high compatibility with seals, especially elastomers, and good sliding or lubricating properties. Moreover, the lubricant of this composition has good biocompatibility, i.e., good biodegradability according to OECD 301 A-F or OECD 306 standards, and low aquatic toxicity (e.g., according to OECD 201, 202, 203, or 236 standards), making it particularly suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils, or plain bearing oils in marine and inland waters, as well as in land-based machines and machine elements that may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0104] The subject of the present invention is therefore also a lubricant composition for use as gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil in the marine sector and in the inland water sector, as well as in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, which comprises as components: A) a base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), and mixtures of two or more thereof; B) 0.5 to 5% by mass of an additive mixture containing one or more amine-based antioxidants, one or more neutralized / neutral metal salts of sulfonic acids, metal salts of naphthalenesulfonic acids and / or metal salts of benzenesulfonic acids, one or more triazole compounds and / or triazole derivatives, and one or more polysiloxanes; C) 0.1 to 5% by weight of an organic compound containing a polar moiety and a non-polar moiety, and D) 10 to 85% by mass of pentaerythritol ester. wherein each indicated amount is based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, and the included components together total 100% by weight; and the organic compound has a relative dielectric constant ε in the range of 1.5 to 10, preferably 1.7 to 8, particularly preferably 2 to 7, and most preferably 2.3 to 5. rand the ratio ∫S1 / ∫S2 of the organic compound is in the range of 1 to 25, preferably 1.3 to 22, particularly preferably 1.7 to 17, and most preferably 2 to 14, wherein "∫S1" is the wavenumber range of 3100 to 2750 cm in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 and “∫S2” represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands in the wavenumber range 1800 to 1650 cm in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. -1 It represents the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands in

[0105] The lubricant compositions according to the present invention are, according to one embodiment, eminently suitable for use as general industrial gear, rolling and plain bearing oils, including gear, rolling and plain bearing oils for sometimes unintentional contact with food.

[0106] Typical areas of use, including use as general industrial gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils, include, but are not limited to, the lubrication of gears, especially spur, bevel, planetary, worm, hypoid and cycloid gears, hydraulic systems, linear guides, pneumatic elements, fittings, bearings, especially plain and rolling bearings, chains, cables, springs, screws and compressors, and especially machine parts and plant, which sometimes come into unintentional contact with food.

[0107] Chains consist of members of the same type connected to one another. They are used for power transmission, for example, as transmission chains in bicycles, timing chains in automobile engines, load chains in sluice gates, or transport chains in conveyor systems. Cables (ropes) can be divided into moving cables, such as those found in crane lifting, winding, and lifting, and fixed cables, such as guy ropes, as well as carrier cables and sling ropes. Screws are connecting elements that should be assembled and disassembled with as little effort as possible without damaging the materials used. Springs include leaf spring seals, disc spring seals, ring spring seals, screw disc springs, and torsion springs. Equipment is used to control solid, liquid, and gas flows. Additionally, they can also perform the function of regulating, i.e., mixing and controlling one or more volumetric flows. In addition to their typical use as faucets or mixer taps, all types of valves also fall under this category.

[0108] Pneumatic elements are pneumatic valves and cylinders that generate linear motion for moving, lifting, or returning workpieces and tools by converting air pressure energy into mechanical energy.

[0109] In hydraulic systems, forces and torques are transmitted by pressure and volume flow. Examples are axial piston engines, external gear machines and radial piston engines.

[0110] A further subject of the present invention is therefore the use of the lubricant composition according to the invention as gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil for general industrial use, in particular for lubricating gears, such as spur, bevel, planetary, worm, hypoid and cycloid gears, hydraulic systems, linear guides, pneumatic elements, fittings, bearings, such as plain and rolling bearings, chains, cables, springs, screws and compressors, and in particular machine parts and plants which sometimes come into unintentional contact with foodstuffs, wherein the lubricant composition preferably contains: A) base oil, B) the at least one additive, 0.01 to 10 mass % based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, and C) The organic compound, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, is 0.001 to 10 mass% Here, the total amount of the components contained above is 100% by mass, and the components A), B) and C) are defined as above.

[0111] Particularly preferred are the following: A) base oil, B) an additive mixture, 0.01 to 6.0 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, wherein the additive mixture includes: one or more antioxidants selected from phenolic antioxidants, aminic antioxidants, propionates, and thiopropionates; one or more antifoaming agents selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols having a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes; one or more antiwear and / or extreme pressure additives selected from amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acid, nanoparticles selected from Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, WO3, Ta2O5, V2O5, CeO2, aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi2, SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, ZrB2, clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and heat stable carbonates and sulfates; optionally, one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof; Optionally, one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from the group of metal carboxylates, sulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, benzenesulfonates, benzoates, naphthoates and naphthenates and derivatives thereof, including linear and branched aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of said acid salts, which may additionally be substituted with one or more groups selected from linear and / or branched alkyl and aryl groups, and in particular the Na, Ca, K and Mg salts thereof, and optionally, 2,5-thiophenediylbis(5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole) as a color indicator, and C) The organic compound, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, is 0.001 to 2.5 mass% wherein the base oil is preferably selected from polyalphaolefins (PAO), metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAO), white oil, mineral oil, neopentyl glycol esters, pentaerythritol esters, trimethylolpropane esters and preferably the pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane complex esters as defined above, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters, triglyceride-fatty acid (C8 / C10) esters, alkylnaphthalenes, ethylene / α-olefin oligomers and oil-soluble polyglycols, and mixtures of two or more thereof; wherein the total amount of the components contained therein is 100% by mass, and the organic compound C) is as defined above. and the use of lubricant compositions containing the compound (I) as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in the field of the food processing industry for general industrial and sometimes unintentional food contact.

[0112] According to a further embodiment, the lubricant compositions according to the invention are furthermore eminently suitable for use as gear oils, rolling bearing oils and plain bearing oils in the marine sector and in the inland water sector and in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0113] Fields of use in the marine sector and in the inland water sector include, in particular, but are not limited to, the lubrication of gears, hydraulic systems, bearings, such as plain bearings, rolling bearings or stern tube bearings, propeller rudders, propeller shafts, pneumatic elements, linear guides, chains and cables in machines, machine parts and plants which come into contact with salt water in the marine sector, e.g. in offshore plants, or with water and / or aqueous media in inland waters.

[0114] In the marine sector, gears are used, for example, in thrusters and Azipods for power transmission and power conversion between the drive and the propeller, where the ingress of water into the interior and the outflow of lubricants into the marine environment must be taken into account.

[0115] A further use in the offshore sector is in jack-up systems for lifting platforms, wind turbine installation vessels or drilling platforms, the movement being achieved by means of an opening gear.

[0116] Hydraulic systems in the marine sector are used to drive adjustable propeller rudders, as well as in fin stabilizers and rudder bearings. In the latter, linear guides are also used, which are usually lubricated with the same lubricant. Here too, the lubrication occurs below the waterline. Accordingly, in this case too, the inflow of water into the machine parts and the outflow of the lubricant into the marine environment must be taken into account.

[0117] The use of plain bearings in the marine sector is primarily in propeller shaft bearings in stern tubes, so-called stern tube bearings. The main task of the propeller shaft is to transmit its drive motion to the screw via the hull. In doing so, the bearing ensures low-friction movement.

[0118] Furthermore, machines and machine parts that come into contact with seawater, water and aqueous media in offshore wind power plants, oil and gas drilling platforms, port facilities, shipyards, etc. are lubricated.

[0119] These include chains used, for example, in locks, cables, such as those used in ship lines or nets, and also equipment for controlling the flow of solids, liquids and gases. Similarly, screws, springs and valves in a wide variety of devices and machines must be lubricated.

[0120] A further subject of the present invention is therefore the use of the lubricant composition according to the invention as gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil in the marine and inland water sector, in particular for lubricating gears, hydraulic systems, propeller rudders, propeller shafts, linear guides, pneumatic elements, equipment, bearings, such as plain bearings, rolling bearings or stern tube bearings, chains, cables, springs and screws in machines, machine parts and plants which come into contact with salt water in the marine sector or with water and / or aqueous media in inland waters, and in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media, wherein said lubricant composition preferably contains: A) base oil, B) 0.5 to 7 mass % of the at least one additive, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition; C) the organic compound, 0.1 to 10 mass % based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, and D) the ester compound, 0.1 to 85 mass% based on the total mass of the lubricant composition; Here, the total amount of the contained components is 100% by mass, and the components A), B), C), and D) are defined as above.

[0121] Particularly preferred are the following: A) a base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins (PAOs) and metallocene-polyalphaolefins (mPAOs), and mixtures of two or more thereof; B) 0.5 to 5% by mass of an additive mixture containing one or more amine-based antioxidants, one or more neutralized / neutral metal salts of sulfonic acids, metal salts of naphthalenesulfonic acids and / or metal salts of benzenesulfonic acids, one or more triazole compounds and / or triazole derivatives, and one or more polysiloxanes; C) 0.1 to 5 mass % of the organic compound, and D) 10 to 85% by mass of pentaerythritol esters, wherein the amounts indicated are each based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, and the included components add up to 100% by weight, and the organic compound C) is as defined above. The use of a lubricant composition containing the compound (I) as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil in the marine field and in the field of inland waters and in land-based machines and machine elements which may come into contact with water and / or aqueous media.

[0122] The present invention is described in more detail by the following examples, without however being limited thereto. Those skilled in the art will be able to prepare other compounds according to the invention without the exercise of inventive activity. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0123] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows Stribeck curves for a base formulation without slip improver (Comparative Example 1) and a lubricant according to the invention with slip improver (Example 8). [Figure 2] FIG. 1 shows the migration rates of all lubricants tested. [Figure 3A] FIG. 2 shows the friction of a lubricant composition according to the present invention with a slip improver and a base formulation without a slip improver. [Figure 3B] FIG. 2 shows the friction of a lubricant composition according to the present invention with a slip improver and a base formulation without a slip improver. [Figure 3C] FIG. 2 shows the friction of a lubricant composition according to the present invention with a slip improver and a base formulation without a slip improver. [Figure 3D] FIG. 2 shows the friction of a lubricant composition according to the present invention with a slip improver and a base formulation without a slip improver. [Figure 4A] FIG. 2 shows the wear of a lubricant composition according to the present invention with a slip improver and a base formulation without a slip improver. [Figure 4B] FIG. 2 shows the wear of a lubricant composition according to the present invention with a slip improver and a base formulation without a slip improver. [Figure 5A]Graph showing resistance to micropitting. [Figure 5B] Graph showing resistance to micropitting. [Example]

[0124] Common test methods used The properties of the lubricant compositions and the components contained therein, if not known from the manufacturer, are measured using the following methods: - Viscosity measurement: The viscosity measurements are carried out according to ASTM D 7042 using a Stabinger viscometer SVM 3000 (Anton Paar). - Determination of acid number (TAN, total acid number [mgKOH / g]): To determine the acid number, a sample is dissolved in a solvent mixture and subsequently titrated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution according to ASTM D 664-18E02. The titration is carried out potentiometrically using a Solvotrode on a Metrohm 905 Titrando titration unit. - Molecular weight (M n ) Measurement: The molecular weight is determined by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) against polystyrene standards according to DIN 55672-1:2016-03 "Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) - Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as Elutionsmittel" using a SECcure GPC system. - Measurement of the integrals ∫S1 and ∫S2: The ATR infrared spectroscopy measurements on the slip improvers are carried out in accordance with standard DIN 51451 (DIN 51451:2020-02) "Product Analysis of Mineral Oils and Mineral Products: Infrared Spectroscopy - All Products" using an IR spectrometer Bruker Tensor 27 (software OPUS 7.5) or Bruker Vertex 70 (software OPUS 7.0) from Bruker Optik GmbH in conjunction with the ATR measurements.

[0125] The following ranges in the ATR spectrum are taken to obtain the integrals ∫S1 or ∫S2: ∫S1:3100~2750cm -1 ∫S2:1800~1650cm -1 To obtain the baseline, the following is done for both integrals: The integral range is divided into two. Within both of these subranges, the respective absolute minima are measured. If multiple absolute minima are obtained within one subrange, the point that is the widest at the edge of the integral is taken. The baseline is calculated by a straight line equation from both absolute minima in the integral. The spectrum to be integrated is then cleaned around the baseline. The spectrum cleaned around the baseline is then integrated. - relative permittivity ε r Measurement of: Relative permittivity ε rTo measure this, the complex fluid impedance is measured in accordance with standard DIN EN 60247 (DIN EN 60247:2005-01) "Measurements of fluid impedance - Measurement of the fluid impedance, the fluid impedance factors (tan δ) and the specific fluid pressure fluctuations" using the EPSILON+ laboratory measuring device from the manufacturer flucon fluid control GmbH. For each slip additive to be tested, measurements are taken at room temperature (approximately 20°C) after filling with the sample, with continuous data collection, from approximately 18.5 to 21.5°C (first step) and back again (second step). The data obtained from both steps at the required 20°C are then compared and averaged.

[0126] Summary of slip improvers used in the examples (see Tables 1-a and 1-b): [Table 1]

[0127] Preparation of the lubricant composition: The lubricant composition is prepared by mixing the base oil and additives in a suitable container, such as a mixing vessel, using a suitable stirrer, according to procedures known to those skilled in the art. Solid additives or components go into solution and become mixed by increasing the temperature. The preparation can also be carried out by a continuous process.

[0128] The following lubricant compositions according to the invention are prepared as described above (see Table 2 - Examples 1 to 15b): As a control, a lubricant composition is prepared as described above without a slip improver (base formulation) (see Table 2 - Comparative Examples 1 to 5).

[0129] Table 2: [Table 2-1] [Table 2-2] [Table 2-3] [Table 2-4]

[0130] Example 16: Effect of slip improvers on the sliding properties of lubricants To test the effect of the slip improver on the sliding properties of a lubricant, the change in transition speed at a white metal / steel interface at low contact pressure is measured, defined as the speed at which the interfaces become completely separated, i.e., the speed at which the transition occurs from mixed friction (i.e., occasional contact of the metal friction counter-parts / incomplete lubricant film) to the elastohydrodynamic (EHL) regime (i.e., a fully formed lubricant film and complete separation of the metal friction counter-parts by the lubricant film).

[0131] The test was carried out in a tribometer (AC) with a cylinder-on-ring test combination. 2 The test is carried out using a KUGEL-SCHEIBE-TRIBOMETER (Tresearch / Austrian Competence Center for Tribology). A 10x10 mm (diameter x length) 100Cr6 steel cylinder with a roughness Ra of approximately 0.02 μm is rubbed under a defined load against a white metal ring with a roughness Ra of approximately 1.3 μm, which is placed in an oil reservoir.

[0132] The friction coefficient is measured by continuously varying the speed of the white metal ring from low to high speed (0.05 m / s to 2.5 m / s) and vice versa (2.5 m / s to 0.05 m / s), resulting in a Stribeck curve (friction-velocity curve).

[0133] Before the start of the test, a run-in procedure was performed, which included speed ramps from 0.05 m / s to 2.5 m / s and subsequently from 2.5 m / s to 0.05 m / s at 10 N and 20 N at room temperature and at 10 N at 40°C.

[0134] The Stribeck curve is subsequently generated at 40°C and 20N with a velocity ramp from 0.05 m / s to 2.5 m / s.

[0135] 1 shows the Stribeck curve measurements for a base formulation without slip improver (Comparative Example 1) and a lubricant according to the invention with slip improver (Example 8). It can be seen that in the presence of the slip improver the migration speed is clearly shifted in the direction of lower speeds (from A to B).

[0136] Figure 2 shows the migration rates of all tested lubricants. As is clear from Figure 2, all tested lubricants with slip improvers (Examples 2, 5, 8, 9, 11) had significantly lower migration rates than the base formulation (Comparative Example 1) and the lubricant composition containing a slip improver not according to the invention (Comparative Example 5), suggesting that lubricants according to the invention containing slip improvers according to the invention form a lubricating film much faster than the comparative examples. The improved lubricating properties of lubricants according to the invention with slip improvers indicate that these lubricants result in improved load carrying capacity, for example in plain bearings and similar components.

[0137] Example 17 - Determining the sliding behavior of elastomers by dynamic measurement: The tests are carried out on a test bench in accordance with the test specifications of Huettinger, Hermes, Woeppermann (Huettinger, Hermes, Woeppermann, Prem (2015): New Pruefverfahren für dynamic Dichtungen von Getriebemotoren. In: Berger and Kiefer (publisher) Dichtungstechnisches Jahrbuch 2016, Mannheim: Isgatec) and in accordance with DIN 3761-10:1984-10 (Beuth (publisher): DIN 3761, Radial shaft sealing rings for motor vehicles, 1984).

[0138] The conditions / measurement parameters are chosen as follows: elastomer material: 75 FKM 585, pressure: 0.25 bar, temperature: 70°C, test duration: 240 h, 10 cycles with rotation speeds of 2000 rpm (20 h) and 0 rpm (4 h), grease application: Bremer & Leguil Cassida GTS 2.

[0139] The dynamic elastomeric compatibility of the lubricant compositions according to the invention (Examples 3 and 15b) was measured by dynamic elastomer measurements on FKM radial shaft seal rings of Freudenberg BAU3 38-90-12 75FKM585 (product numbers 49385291 / 49370995) according to the test specifications described above. The track width and shaft conformance were subsequently measured, which are measures of the sliding behavior or elastomeric compatibility of the lubricant compositions. A base formulation without slip improver (Comparative Example 2) was used as a control.

[0140] The results of said measurements are summarized in Table 3: Table 3: [Table 3]

[0141] The measurement results show that for lubricant compositions according to the invention with slip improver (Example 3: GV 1, Example 15b: GV 2, respectively, compared to Comparative Example 2), a reduction in the radial shaft seal ring track width / wear width from 0.66 mm to 0.35 mm (Example 3) or 0.54 mm (Example 15b) and a reduction in the shaft conformance from 20 μm to 0 μm (Example 3) or 14 μm (Example 15b) are achieved compared to the base formulation without slip improver (Comparative Example 2). On the other hand, as the measurement results for Comparative Example 4 show, no improvement is achieved by increasing the viscosity of the base formulation (mPAO 150 / Comparative Example 4, compared to mPAO 65 / Comparative Example 2).

[0142] Example 18 - Determination of the sliding behavior with elastomers as friction counterparts by DES (Dynamic Elastomer Screening): The tests are carried out using a "ring-disk tribometer" based on a further development of the configuration described by Sommer M. and Haas W. ([1] Sommer, M., Haas, W. "A new approach on grease tribology in sealing technology: Influence of the thickener particles", Tribology International (2016), 103, 574-583). The test material used is an FKM elastomer material. The counter-material is a steel counter-material.

[0143] The lubricant compositions to be tested are observed in a ring-disk tribometer, as described in [1], at a constant speed of 1.5 m / s and a temperature of 60°C, with a linear load of 0.90 N / mm, to induce breakdown of the lubricant film and solid contact upon poor lubricant film formation.

[0144] As can be seen from Figures 3A-3D, the lubricant compositions according to the invention with slip improvers (Example 2: GV 3, Example 5: GV 5, Example 11: GV 2, Example 14: GV 1) show a significantly smoother and lower profile of their coefficient of friction μ over time, which indicates a stable lubricant film structure and demonstrates hydrodynamic lubrication. This suggests a less wear-prone and more stable tribosystem: elastomer / lubricant / steel counterpart (see Figures 4A and 4B). The base formulation without slip improvers (Comparative Example 3) shows an unstable lubricant film structure, which is manifested by a strong oscillation and higher profile of the friction coefficient. This demonstrates solid-state contact and excellent stick-slip behavior ("stick-slip behavior"), at least locally.

[0145] As shown in Figures 4A and 4B, the addition of the slip improver reduces the wear of the elastomer body by 57% (Example 2, GV 3), 50% (Example 14, GV 1), 67% (Example 11, GV 2), or 63% (Example 5, GV 5), and reduces the wear of the steel counterpart by 80% (Example 2, GV 3), 67% (Example 14, GV 1), 67% (Example 11, GV 2), or 73% (Example 5, GV 5), respectively, compared to the base formulation without the slip improver (Comparative Example 3).

[0146] Example 19: Effect of the slip improver on resistance to micropitting Resistance to micropitting is investigated on a micropitting resistance (MPR) test bench (PCS Instruments, London, UK). Micropitting represents damage to the gear contact points.

[0147] The test stand uses a triple configuration in which a central roller contacts three discs, resulting in three rolling contact cycles per rolling revolution. The two lower discs are partially immersed in oil and transport this oil to the contact points during the test, simulating oil bath lubrication. The roller and discs are driven by separate motors, allowing for the simulation of various slide-to-roll ratios (SRR). The test is conducted at a contact pressure of 1.7 GPa Hertz, an SRR of 20% to 30%, an oil temperature of 90°C, and 10 million cycles. The coefficient of friction and vibration are recorded with a torque meter or accelerometer during the test. At the end of the test, the test roller is cleaned using a solvent to remove residual oil, and the roller's mass is measured and the track is photographed with an optical microscope. The ability of the lubricant composition to resist micropitting is evaluated by the weight loss of the roller (comparison of the mass before and after measurement) (see Figure 5A) and by the change in the wear scar width (see Figure 5B).

[0148] The MPR measurement results from FIG. 5A show that a clear reduction in the weight loss is observed for lubricant compositions according to the invention with slip improvers (see Examples 1, 4, 6, and 12) compared to the base formulation without slip improvers (see Comparative Example 2).

[0149] The MPR measurement results from FIG. 5B show that a clear reduction in track width is observed for lubricant compositions according to the invention with slip improvers (see Examples 4, 7, 10, 15) compared to the base formulation without slip improver (see Comparative Example 4).

Claims

1. 1. A lubricant composition comprising: A) base oil, B) at least one additive, from 0.01 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and C) an organic compound containing polar and non-polar moieties as a slip improver, in an amount of 0.001 to 5% by mass, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition; wherein the organic compound has a relative dielectric constant ε in the range of 1.5 to 10. ｒ and the ratio ∫S of the organic compounds １ / ∫S ２ is in the range of 1 to 25, Here, ∫S １ is the wavenumber range of 3100 to 2750 cm in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. －１ means the sum of the areas of the IR absorption bands in ∫S ２ is the wavenumber range of 1800 to 1650 cm in the ATR spectrum of the organic compound. －１ means the sum of the areas of (one or more) IR absorption bands in the lubricant composition contains as additional component D) 10 to 85% by weight of an ester compound, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition; and the organic compound C) is selected from maleate-olefin copolymers, modified polyesters, oleic acid and glycerol monooleate; The lubricant composition.

2. 10. The lubricant composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one additive is selected from antioxidants, antiwear additives, friction reducers, extreme pressure additives, corrosion inhibitors, non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators, ion complexing agents, solid lubricants, dispersants, pour point and viscosity improvers, UV stabilizers, emulsifiers, color changing indicators, and antifoam agents.

3. 3. The lubricant composition according to claim 1, wherein the ester compound is selected from natural glyceride esters, polyol esters, polyol complex esters, dimer acid esters and complex dimer acid esters, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and dicarboxylic acid esters, trimellitic acid esters and pyromellitic acid esters, and phosphate esters, and mixtures of two or more thereof.

4. The lubricant composition comprises: A) base oil, B) 0.5 to 7 wt. % of said at least one additive, based on the total weight of said lubricant composition; C) the organic compound, 0.1 to 5 mass % based on the total mass of the lubricant composition, and D) the ester compound, 10 to 85 mass % based on the total mass of the lubricant composition 4. The lubricant composition of claim 1, wherein said included components combine to total 100 wt. %.

5. The ester compound is Neopentyl glycol esters, trimethylolpropane esters, and pentaerythritol esters esterified with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids with chain lengths of C4 to C36, and Neopentyl glycol complex esters, trimethylolpropane complex esters, and pentaerythritol complex esters, fully or partially esterified with saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched monocarboxylic acids having chain lengths of C4 to C36, and saturated and / or mono- or polyunsaturated, linear and / or branched dicarboxylic acids having chain lengths of C4 to C36, in any mixture; A mixture of two or more of these 5. The lubricant composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of:

6. 6. The lubricant composition of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the base oil is selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins, metallocene-polyalphaolefins, white oils, mineral oils, farnesene-based oils, estolides, and mixtures of two or more thereof.

7. The at least one additive is one of the following: one or more antioxidants selected from aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, phosphites, phosphothionates, and thiocarbamates; one or more non-ferrous heavy metal deactivators selected from triazole compounds, salicylates and mercaptothiadiazoles, and derivatives thereof; one or more corrosion inhibitors selected from neutral metal carboxylates, metal sulfonates, metal naphthalenesulfonates, metal benzenesulfonates, metal benzoates, metal naphthoates, metal naphthenates, metal phosphates, and N-methylglycine and derivatives thereof; one or more antifoaming agents, optionally selected from ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols having a chain length of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, polyols, acrylates and polysiloxanes; and Optionally, amines, amine phosphates, branched and / or linear alkylated phosphates, phosphites, thiophosphates, and phosphothionates, aryl phosphates, alkylated polysulfides, sulfurized amine compounds, sulfurized fatty acid methyl esters, naphthenic acids, Al ２ O ３ , SiO ２ , TiO ２ , ZrO ２ , W.O. ３ , Ta ２ O ５ , V ２ O ５ , CeO ２ , aluminum titanate, BN, MoSi ２ , SiC, Si ３ N ４ , TiC, TiN, ZrB ２ , nanoparticles selected from clay minerals and mixtures thereof, sulfonates, and heat-stable carbonates and sulfates, one or more antiwear and / or extreme pressure additives selected from 7. The lubricant composition of claim 1, which is an additive mixture comprising:

8. A) a base oil selected from oil-soluble polyglycols, polyalphaolefins, and metallocene-polyalphaolefins, and mixtures of two or more thereof; B) 0.5 to 5% by weight of an additive mixture comprising one or more amine-based antioxidants, one or more neutral metal salts of sulfonic acids, metal salts of naphthalenesulfonic acids, and / or metal salts of benzenesulfonic acids, one or more triazole compounds and / or derivatives thereof, and one or more polysiloxanes; C) 0.1 to 5% by mass of the organic compound, and D) Pentaerythritol ester 10 to 85% by mass 8. The lubricant composition of claim 1, wherein the amounts listed are each based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, and the included components combine to total 100 wt. %.

9. 9. Use of the lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 as a gear oil, rolling bearing oil or plain bearing oil for general industrial use.

10. 9. Use of the lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 as gear oil, rolling bearing oil and plain bearing oil in the marine sector and in the inland water sector.

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