Formwork construction method and formwork structure

Abstract

To provide a formwork construction method and a formwork structure that can reduce labor required for constructing a formwork for a structure at a construction site.SOLUTION: A formwork structure 1 to be externally fitted onto a structure 20 has a configuration including: a plurality of divided bodies 2A constituting a formwork 2; a spacer mechanism 3; and urging means 4. In a state where adjacent divided bodies 2A are kept apart by the spacer mechanism 3, and an urging force is applied in a direction to bring the adjacent divided bodies 2A closer to each other by the urging means 4 attached to the divided bodies 2A, the plurality of divided bodies 2A are installed by loosely fitting them around the outer side of the structure 20. Then, the state in which the adjacent divided bodies 2A are kept apart by the spacer mechanism 3 is released, and opposing end portions 2a of the adjacent divided bodies 2A are brought into abutment or overlapped with each other by the urging force of the urging means 4, to form the formwork 2 externally fitted onto the structure 20.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a formwork construction method and formwork structure, and more particularly to a formwork construction method and formwork structure that can reduce the labor required to construct formwork for a structure at a construction site. [Background technology]

[0002] Various methods have been proposed for constructing an abovewater superstructure supported by structures such as piles erected on the submerged ground (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In the construction method described in Patent Document 1, a precast concrete slab with pile holes through which the piles are inserted is formed on land. The precast concrete slab is then fixed to the piles with the heads of the piles loosely inserted into the pile holes in the precast concrete slab. Then, scaffolding is attached around the outside of the precast concrete slab, and the gaps between the pile holes in the precast concrete slab and the outer periphery of the piles are sealed with formwork (leak-stop plates) installed below the precast concrete slab. The gaps are then filled with non-shrinkage mortar to fix the precast concrete slab to the heads of the piles. However, this construction method requires the installation of formwork on the piles from below the precast concrete slab installed on the piles, which requires the installation of abovewater scaffolding and the entry of workers such as divers under the precast concrete slab to perform complex work.

[0003] One possible method for constructing a superstructure above water more efficiently without performing work below the precast concrete slab is to create a formwork with through holes the same dimensions as the pile's outer shape, and then install the formwork by fitting it onto the pile from above before placing the precast concrete slab on the pile. However, this method requires a relatively high degree of precision in aligning the formwork's through holes with the pile, and the work of constructing the formwork for the pile (such as adjusting the position and installing it) requires a relatively large amount of labor and time. Therefore, there is room for improvement in reducing the labor required for constructing formwork for structures such as piles at construction sites.

[0004] Furthermore, although omitted from Patent Document 1, when constructing a superstructure supported by piles, a partition plate is typically installed at a predetermined depth from the top of the pile to separate the interior of the pile into upper and lower sections in order to support the fill material (non-shrinkage mortar) to be filled inside the pile. The partition plate is attached with a hoisting wire extending upward, and the hook portion attached to the upper end of the hoisting wire is hooked onto the edge of the top end of the pile, thereby securing the partition plate to the pile. Because the hook portion of the hoisting wire protrudes outside the outer periphery of the pile, when installing a partition plate inside the pile, the hook portion of the hoisting wire becomes an obstacle, making it impossible to fit a formwork with a through hole the same dimensions as the outer shape of the pile from above. Therefore, there is room for improvement in the method of constructing a formwork to be fitted externally to a structure such as a pile. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2021-107631 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a formwork construction method and formwork structure that can reduce the labor required to construct a formwork for a structure at a construction site when constructing a formwork fitted onto the outside of the structure. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the method of constructing a formwork of the present invention for constructing a formwork fitted to the outside of a structure is characterized in that, in the method, the formwork is made up of a plurality of divided bodies, adjacent divided bodies are maintained spaced apart by a spacer mechanism, and the plurality of divided bodies are installed loosely on the outside of the structure while a spring means attached to the divided bodies applies a spring force in a direction that brings the spaced-apart adjacent divided bodies closer together, and the state in which the adjacent divided bodies are spaced apart by the spacer mechanism is released, thereby causing the opposing ends of the adjacent divided bodies to abut or overlap due to the spring force, thereby forming the formwork fitted to the outside of the structure.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the formwork structure of the present invention is a formwork structure that is fitted onto the outside of a structure, and comprises a plurality of divided bodies that constitute the formwork, a spacer mechanism that maintains adjacent divided bodies spaced apart, and a biasing means attached to the divided bodies that applies a biasing force in a direction that brings the adjacent divided bodies that are spaced apart closer together, and is configured so that when the spacer mechanism releases the spaced-apart state of the adjacent divided bodies, the opposing ends of the adjacent divided bodies abut or overlap due to the biasing force, and is characterized in that the plurality of divided bodies are installed loosely fitted onto the outside of the structure with the biasing force applied to the adjacent divided bodies that are spaced apart by the spacer mechanism. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the present invention, the formwork is constructed from multiple segments and adjacent segments are maintained spaced apart by a spacer mechanism, thereby providing a gap between the multiple segments and the outer surface of the structure, allowing the multiple segments to be easily fitted loosely to the outside of the structure. Furthermore, a biasing means attached to the segments applies a biasing force in a direction that brings the spaced-apart adjacent segments closer together. After the multiple segments are loosely fitted to the outside of the structure, simply by releasing the spacer mechanism that separated the adjacent segments, the opposing ends of the adjacent segments abut or overlap due to the biasing force of the biasing means, forming a formwork fitted to the structure. This reduces the labor required to construct a formwork for a structure at a construction site. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a side view of a superstructure above water constructed using the formwork structure of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating, in plan view, the formwork structure before being fitted onto a support (pile) that is a structure, and the support with partition plates installed. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a view taken along the arrow A in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 3 is a plan view of the formwork structure of FIG. 2, seen from below, before being fitted onto the support body. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a cross-sectional view of the formwork structure in a state where it is loosely fitted into the support body from the state shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, and the precast blocks that make up the superstructure. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a view taken along arrow B in FIG. 5. [Figure 7] 7 is an explanatory side view illustrating a state in which the spacer mechanisms separating adjacent divided bodies from each other has been released from the state shown in FIGS. 5 and 6;

[0023] FIG. [Figure 8] 7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a plan view of the formwork structure and precast blocks in a state where they are fitted onto the support body from the state shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

[0023] FIG. [Figure 9]9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a cross-sectional view of the formwork structure and precast block in a state where they are fitted onto the support body of FIG. 8. FIG. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating, in cross section, a state in which a precast block is placed on a support body following the state shown in FIGS. 7 to 9. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a view taken along the arrow C in FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the arrows DD in FIG. [Figure 13] 13 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a cross-sectional view of the precast block in the state shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 after filling the through-holes with filler material. FIG. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a formwork structure according to another embodiment of the present invention in plan view. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is an explanatory view illustrating a cross-sectional view of a form structure according to still another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is an explanatory view illustrating a cross-sectional view of a form structure according to still another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating, in plan view, a state in which a formwork structure according to yet another embodiment of the present invention is loosely fitted into a support body. [Figure 18] 18 is an explanatory diagram illustrating, in plan view, a state in which the spacer mechanisms have been released from the state shown in FIG. 17 to separate adjacent divided bodies. [Figure 19] 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating, in perspective view, a pile head block installed on top of a support body and a beam block joined to the pile head block. FIG. [Figure 20] 20 is an explanatory view illustrating, in cross section, a state in which a form structure according to still another embodiment of the present invention is loosely fitted into the beam block of FIG. 19.

[0043] FIG. [Figure 21] 21 is an explanatory cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which the spacer mechanisms have been released from the state shown in FIG. 20 to separate adjacent divided bodies. FIG. [Figure 22] 10 is an explanatory view illustrating, in cross section, a state in which a form structure according to yet another embodiment of the present invention is loosely fitted into a beam block. FIG. [Figure 23]FIG. 10 is an explanatory side view illustrating a state before a form structure according to yet another embodiment of the present invention is placed in a predetermined position on a pillar body. [Figure 24] 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along the arrows FF in FIG. 23. [Figure 25] 25 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which a formwork is placed at a predetermined position on a pillar and fitted onto the pillar from the state in FIGS. 23 and 24, as seen from the side. FIG. [Figure 26] 26 is a cross-sectional view taken along the arrows GG in FIG. 25. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] Hereinafter, a method for constructing a formwork and a formwork structure according to the present invention will be described based on the embodiments shown in the drawings.

[0012] As illustrated in Figure 1, the formwork structure 1 (formwork 2) of the present invention is a frame body that guides and shapes liquid materials such as concrete, mortar, filler, and filling material into a predetermined shape when they are solidified, and is used by fitting it onto the outside of a structure 20.

[0013] The embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13 described below illustrates a method for constructing a formwork structure 1 and formwork 2 used in construction to build an overwater superstructure 30 that is fixed to the top of a structure 20 (support 21) cast into the waterbed. The overwater superstructure 30 is an overwater structure that constitutes a pier, revetment, or the like. In this embodiment, the structure 20 that fits over the formwork structure 1 of the present invention is the support 21, so in the following explanation, the structure 20 will be described as the support 21. Examples of the support 21 include piles such as steel pipe piles and concrete piles, and sheet piles such as steel pipe sheet piles, but this embodiment illustrates a case where the support 21 is a pile. Note that the overwater superstructure 30 referred to here is not limited to a superstructure 30 that is always above water, but also includes a superstructure 30 that is temporarily partially submerged due to tidal fluctuations, etc.

[0014] Before explaining the formwork structure 1 of the present invention, we will first explain the partition plate 22 to be installed on the support body 21 with reference to Figures 2 and 5, and then explain the precast block 31 used to construct the superstructure 30 with reference to Figures 5 and 8.

[0015] When constructing the superstructure 30, as illustrated in Figures 2 and 5, a partition plate 22 is provided at a predetermined depth from the top of the support 21 to separate the interior of the support 21 into upper and lower sections in order to support the fill material to be filled inside the support 21. The outer dimensions of the partition plate 22 are set to be approximately the same as the inner dimensions of the support 21. A suspending wire 23 is provided extending upward from the partition plate 22, and the hook portion 23a provided at the upper end of the suspending wire 23 is hooked onto the upper edge of the support 21, thereby fixing the partition plate 22 to the support 21. The hook portion 23a may be formed by bending the upper portion of the suspending wire 23, or a metal fitting or the like that constitutes the hook portion 23 may be attached to the upper end of the suspending wire 23. The hook portion 23a of the suspending wire 23 protrudes outside the outer surface of the support 21.

[0016] As shown in Figures 5 and 8, the superstructure 30 is constructed using precast blocks 31 that have been fabricated in advance on land, on a ship, or the like. The precast blocks 31 are formed, for example, from precast concrete, prestressed concrete, resin, or the like. The precast blocks 31 may be, for example, a reinforced concrete (steel-reinforced concrete) structure in which reinforcing bars (or steel frames) are embedded in precast concrete or prestressed concrete, or a structure in which reinforcing bars, etc., are not embedded in precast concrete or prestressed concrete.

[0017] The precast block 31 has a through hole 33 that penetrates vertically and allows the support body 21 to be loosely inserted. In this embodiment, the through hole 33 is formed in a single location in the center of the precast block 31. The precast block 31 in this embodiment is configured to include a block body 32 made of precast concrete and having the through hole 33 formed therein, a sheath pipe 34 that extends vertically and is fitted into the through hole 33, a beam member 35 that protrudes inside the through hole 33 in a plan view, and a hanging hardware 37. In this embodiment, the block body 32 has an outer shape that is a rectangular parallelepiped, but the outer shape of the block body 32 is not limited to a rectangular parallelepiped shape and can also be other shapes. In this embodiment, the through hole 33 is formed in a single location in the center of the block body 32.

[0018] A resin tubular member formed from fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) or the like, or a metal tubular member such as a steel pipe, can be used as the sheath pipe 34. In this embodiment, the upper end of the sheath pipe 34 is positioned lower than the upper end surface of the precast block 31.

[0019] In the following description, in the area where the sheath pipe 34 of the precast block 31 is provided, the inner peripheral surface of the sheath pipe 34 is the inner peripheral surface of the lower part of the through hole 33. In the area where the sheath pipe 34 of the precast block 31 is not provided, the concrete surface on the inside of the through hole 33 is the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 33. Note that the sheath pipe 34 can be provided arbitrarily in the precast block 31, and a precast block 31 without a sheath pipe 34 can also be used.

[0020] The inner dimensions of the through hole 33 (in this embodiment, the inner dimensions of the sheath tube 34) are set to dimensions that allow loose insertion of the support body 21. The inner dimensions of the through hole 33 are preferably set to dimensions that provide a gap (clearance) of, for example, 5 cm or more and 20 cm or less, more preferably 10 cm or more and 15 cm or less, between the inner circumferential surface of the through hole 33 and the outer surface of the support body 21 when the support body 21 is inserted into the through hole 33 with the center position of the through hole 33 and the center position of the support body 21 aligned in a plan view.

[0021] The beam members 35 are made of steel such as H-shaped steel or channel steel, or rod-shaped members made of resin. In this embodiment, H-shaped steel is used as the beam members 35. The beam members 35 extend horizontally and protrude inside the through hole 33 (sheath pipe 34) in plan view. At least a portion of the beam members 35 extends to the outside of the through hole 33 in plan view. As illustrated in FIG. 8 , in this embodiment, the beam members 35 are arranged so as to cross each other in a plan view, and the beam members 35 span across the through hole 33.

[0022] As illustrated in Fig. 5, the beam members 35 are disposed, for example, above the sheath pipes 34 or on top of the sheath pipes 34. In this embodiment, grooves into which the respective beam members 35 are fitted are formed in the upper parts of the sheath pipes 34, and the beam members 35 are fitted into the grooves. For example, the beam members 35 can also be placed on the sheath pipes 34. The portions of the beam members 35 located inside the through holes 33 are exposed, and the portions of the beam members 35 located outside the through holes 33 are embedded in the precast concrete that constitutes the block body 32. The upper ends of the beam members 35 are disposed at a position lower than the upper end surfaces of the precast blocks 31.

[0023] The upper part of the block body 32 is provided with a plurality of lifting fittings 37 that are used when lifting the precast block 31 with a crane or the like. In this embodiment, a lifting fitting 37 is provided at each of the four corners of the upper part of the block body 32. The lower part of each lifting fitting 37 is embedded in the precast concrete that makes up the block body 32, and the lifting fitting 37 is integrated into the block body 32. Note that the lifting fittings 37 can be provided on the precast block 31 as desired. If the precast block 31 is to be lifted using a method other than the lifting fittings 37, a precast block 31 without the lifting fittings 37 can also be used.

[0024] As described above, the inner dimensions of the through hole 33 (sheath tube 34) of the precast block 31 are set to allow the support body 21 to be loosely inserted. Therefore, when the support body 21 is loosely inserted into the through hole 33 of the precast block 31 and the precast block 31 is placed relative to the support body 21, a gap is created between the outer surface of the support body 21 and the lower end of the through hole 33 of the precast block 31. In this embodiment, an example is shown in which a formwork that closes the gap between the outer surface of the support body 21 and the lower end of the through hole 33 of the precast block 31 is constructed using the formwork structure 1 of the present invention.

[0025] As illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4, the formwork structure 1 of the present invention comprises a plurality of segments 2A constituting the formwork 2, a spacer mechanism 3 for maintaining adjacent segments 2A spaced apart, and a biasing means 4 attached to the segments 2A. The biasing means 4 applies a biasing force in a direction that brings adjacent segments 2A closer together, which has been maintained spaced apart by the spacer mechanism 3. The formwork structure 1 of this embodiment further comprises a connecting mechanism 5 that connects adjacent segments 2A so that they can move relative to each other, and a guide mechanism 6 that guides the direction in which adjacent segments 2A move relative to each other. The formwork structure 1 of this embodiment also comprises a guide member 10 that aligns the height positions of adjacent segments 2A. In this embodiment, the spacer mechanism 3, biasing means 4, and guide member 10 are provided in the upper part of the formwork 2, and the connecting mechanism 5 and guide mechanism 6 are provided in the lower part of the formwork 2.

[0026] As shown in Figure 2, in this embodiment, the formwork 2 is made up of four segments 2A. The formwork 2 (segments 2A) are plate-like members made of, for example, metal, resin, or wood. There is no particular limitation on the number of segments 2A that make up the formwork 2, as long as there is more than one. For example, the formwork 2 can be made up of two or three segments 2A, or it can also be made up of five or more segments 2A.

[0027] In this embodiment, each divided body 2A is composed of a fan-shaped flat plate member obtained by radially dividing the annular formwork 2 into four parts in a plan view. The inner surface 2c of each divided body 2A located toward the center of the formwork 2 is formed in an arc shape so as to abut without gaps against the outer surface of the support body 21. In other words, the curvature of the inner surface 2c of each divided body 2A is set to the same dimension as the curvature of the outer surface of the support body 21. The shape of the outer end of each divided body 2A in a plan view is not limited to an arc shape, and can also be other shapes, such as a polygonal shape.

[0028] 2 and 3, before the formwork 2 is installed on the support body 21, the adjacent divided bodies 2A are spaced apart by the spacer mechanisms 3 provided between the adjacent divided bodies 2A. Because the adjacent divided bodies 2A are spaced apart, the central opening of the formwork 2 is larger than the outer shape of the support body 21.

[0029] In this embodiment, the opposing end portions 2a of adjacent divided bodies 2A are each provided with an abutting member 2b that improves adhesion when the end portions 2a abut against each other. The abutting members 2b may be made of a material that has elasticity and airtightness, such as rubber, resin, or sponge. In this embodiment, the opposing end portions 2a of adjacent divided bodies 2A are each provided with an abutting member 2b, but it is also possible to provide an abutting member 2b on only one side of the opposing end portions 2a, for example.

[0030] In this embodiment, an intervening member 2d is further provided on the inner surface 2c of each segment 2A that contacts the outer surface of the support 21 to enhance adhesion between the inner surface 2c of the segment 2A and the outer surface of the support 21. The intervening member 2d can be made of an elastic material such as rubber. As will be described later, in this embodiment, the formwork 2 (segment 2A) is fitted onto the support 21 and then slid downward relative to the support 21. Therefore, in the case of the formwork 2 that is fitted onto the support 21 and then slid relative to the support 21, as in this embodiment, it is more preferable that the intervening member 2d be made of a material that reduces friction between the inner surface 2c of the segment 2A and the outer surface of the support 21, such as a fluororesin. One method for reducing friction between the inner surface 2c of the segment 2A and the outer surface of the support 21 is to apply a lubricant to the inner surface 2c of the segment 2A or the outer surface of the support 21. In addition, even in the case of a formwork 2 that slides relative to the support body 21, the intervening member 2d can also be constructed of a member that does not have the effect of reducing friction between the inner surface 2c of the divided body 2A and the outer surface of the support body 21.

[0031] 2 and 3, the spacer mechanism 3 is a mechanism that maintains adjacent divided bodies 2A spaced apart from each other. A spacer mechanism 3 is provided between each adjacent divided body 2A. In this embodiment, the spacer mechanism 3 includes a pair of stopper members 3a, a spacer member 3b, and a trigger member 3c.

[0032] In this embodiment, a stopper member 3a is disposed near each end 2a on both sides of the divided body 2A. As illustrated in FIG. 3, a pair of stopper members 3a, each provided near the opposing end 2a of adjacent divided bodies 2A, constitutes a set of spacer mechanisms 3. In this embodiment, the stopper member 3a is formed of a rod-shaped member provided on the upper part of the divided body 2A. The stopper member 3a protrudes above the upper surface of the divided body 2A, and the lower part of the stopper member 3a is fixed to the divided body 2A.

[0033] In this embodiment, the spacer member 3b is formed as an elongated plate-like member, and fitting holes into which the stopper members 3a can be inserted are formed at both longitudinal ends. As illustrated in FIG. 3, with the ends 2a of adjacent segments 2A spaced apart, the fitting holes of the spacer member 3b are fitted into the stopper members 3a provided near the opposing ends 2a of the adjacent segments 2A. When the spacer member 3b is attached to the pair of stopper members 3a, the adjacent segments 2A are maintained spaced apart. In other words, the separation distance between the pair of fitting holes formed in the spacer member 3b is set longer than the separation distance between the opposing stopper members 3a when the ends 2a of the adjacent segments 2A are abutted against each other.

[0034] The trigger member 3c is a member used to release the spaced-apart state of adjacent segments 2A maintained by the spacer mechanism 3, and is formed, for example, of a string- or rod-like member. In this embodiment, the trigger member 3c is formed of a string-like member, and the lower end of the trigger member 3c is fixed to the upper part of the spacer member 3b via a metal fitting. In this embodiment, when the trigger member 3c is pulled upward, the spacer member 3b is detached from the pair of stopper members 3a, and the spacer mechanism 3 releases the spaced-apart state of adjacent segments 2A.

[0035] The distance between the opposing ends 2a of adjacent segments 2A when the adjacent segments 2A are spaced apart by the spacer mechanism 3 may be set to, for example, 10 mm or more and 200 mm or less. That is, the longitudinal length of the spacer member 3b and the distance between the pair of fitting holes provided in the spacer member 3b are set to match the distance between the opposing ends 2a described above. Note that the spacer mechanism 3 may be configured in any manner as long as it can maintain the adjacent segments 2A spaced apart, and various configurations other than those exemplified in this embodiment are possible.

[0036] 3, the biasing means 4 is a means for applying a biasing force in a direction that brings adjacent divided bodies 2A closer together while they are spaced apart by the spacer mechanism 3. The biasing means 4 is formed, for example, from an elastic member such as a tension spring 4a or a rubber member, or an actuator (for example, a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder). In this embodiment, the biasing means 4 is formed from a tension spring 4a.

[0037] One end of the biasing means 4 is fixed near the end 2a of one of the adjacent segments 2A, and the other end of the biasing means 4 is fixed near the end 2a of the other segment 2A. In this embodiment, one end of the tension spring 4a is fixed to a stopper member 3a provided near the end 2a of one segment 2A, and the other end of the tension spring 4a is fixed to a stopper member 3a provided near the end 2a of the other segment 2A. When the adjacent segments 2A are separated by the spacer mechanism 3, the tension spring 4a is extended beyond its equilibrium length when no force is applied to the tension spring 4a. In this embodiment, the tension spring 4a is disposed between the top surface of the segment 2A and the spacer member 3b in the vertical direction.

[0038] The biasing means 4 is configured to apply a biasing force to the adjacent segments 2A in a direction that brings them closer together until the opposing ends 2a of the adjacent segments 2A come into contact when the spacer mechanism 3 releases the separation between the adjacent segments 2A. In this embodiment, the tension spring 4a is tensioned so that the length of the tension spring 4a when the opposing ends 2a of the adjacent segments 2A are in contact is longer than the equilibrium length. In other words, even when the opposing ends 2a of the adjacent segments 2A are in contact, the tension spring 4a applies a biasing force in a direction that brings the opposing ends 2a of the segments 2A into close contact with each other. Note that the tension spring 4a may also be tensioned so that the length of the tension spring 4a when the opposing ends 2a of the adjacent segments 2A are in contact is the equilibrium length.

[0039] 2, the spacer mechanism 3 and the biasing means 4 are preferably disposed near the inner surface 2c of the formwork 2. In this embodiment, one pair of the spacer mechanism 3 and the biasing means 4 is provided between each pair of adjacent divided bodies 2A, but, for example, multiple pairs of the spacer mechanism 3 and the biasing means 4 can also be provided between each pair of adjacent divided bodies 2A.

[0040] In this embodiment, a guide member 10 is provided below each of the biasing means 4. The guide member 10 is made of a plate-shaped member. The rear part of the guide member 10 in the longitudinal direction is fixed to the upper surface of one of the divided bodies 2A near the end 2a, and the front part protrudes from the end 2a of the one of the divided bodies 2A toward the adjacent divided body 2A on the other side.

[0041] 3 and 4, in this embodiment, a mechanism that combines a connecting mechanism 5 that connects adjacent divisions 2A to allow relative movement and a guide mechanism 6 that guides the direction in which adjacent divisions 2A move relative to each other is provided on the lower side of the formwork 2. The connecting mechanism 5 and the guide mechanism 6 are provided at positions between adjacent divisions 2A.

[0042] The connecting mechanism 5 and guide mechanism 6 in this embodiment are configured to include a slide member 7, a guide member 8, and a support member 9. The slide member 7, the guide member 8, and the support member 9 are each configured as a plate-shaped member. As illustrated in FIG. 4, two slide members 7 are fixed near the end 2a of one of the adjacent divided bodies 2A, and three guide members 8 and one support member 9 are fixed near the end 2a of the other divided body 2A.

[0043] The rear longitudinal portion of each slide member 7 is fixed near the end 2a of one of the segments 2A, and the front portion protrudes from the end 2a of one of the segments 2A toward the adjacent segment 2A on the other side. The upper surface of the front end of the slide member 7 abuts against the lower surface of the other segment 2A. The two slide members 7 are arranged with a gap between them in a direction from the outside to the inside of one of the segments 2A.

[0044] The three guide members 8 are arranged at intervals in a direction from the outside to the inside of the other divided body 2A, with the front end of the slide member 7 being located between adjacent guide members 8. The gap between adjacent guide members 8 is set to be slightly larger than the width of the slide member 7. The slide member 7 and guide members 8 are arranged at the same height. A support member 9 is fixed to the bottom of the three guide members 8 so as to cross them. The slide member 7 is placed on the upper surface of the support member 9, and the load acting on the slide member 7 is supported by the support member 9.

[0045] In this embodiment, the slide member 7 provided on one adjacent divided body 2A and the guide member 8 and support member 9 provided on the other adjacent divided body 2A are engaged to allow relative movement between them, thereby connecting the adjacent divided bodies 2A to allow relative movement between them. Furthermore, the guide member 8 and support member 9 provided on the other adjacent divided body 2A limit the path of relative movement of the slide member 7 provided on one divided body 2A to a certain range, thereby guiding the direction of relative movement between the adjacent divided bodies 2A.

[0046] As shown in Fig. 2, the formwork structure 1 of this embodiment is further provided with a plurality of elastic members 11 as members for suspending the formwork 2 from the support body 21. The elastic members 11 may be, for example, rubber string-like members, band-like members, or spring members. In this embodiment, two elastic members 11 are provided for each divided body 2A. The lower ends of the elastic members 11 are fixed via metal fittings to the upper surface of the divided body 2A near the inner surface 2c. The upper ends of the elastic members 11 are provided with fixing parts 12 that can be fixed to the upper edge of the support body 21.

[0047] The formwork structure 1 of this embodiment further includes a plurality of hanging members 13 that allow the precast blocks 31 to support the load of the infill material 40 applied to the formwork 2. The hanging members 13 can be formed, for example, from metal or resin string-like or cable-like members. In this embodiment, two hanging members 13 are provided for each section 2A. The lower ends of the hanging members 13 are fixed via metal fittings to the upper surface of the section 2A near the inner surface 2c. In this embodiment, the beam members 35 that constitute the precast blocks 31 are provided with upper connection portions 36 at multiple locations to which the upper ends of the hanging members 13 can be fixed. By fixing the upper ends of the hanging members 13 to the upper connection portions 36, the precast blocks 31 (beam members 35) and the formwork 2 can be connected.

[0048] 5 and 6, in the present invention, adjacent segments 2A are maintained spaced apart by a spacer mechanism 3, and a plurality of segments 2A are installed loosely fitted on the outside of a structure 20 (support body 21) in a state in which a biasing force is applied by a biasing means 4 attached to the segments 2A in a direction that brings the spaced-apart adjacent segments 2A closer to each other. In this embodiment, before installing the precast blocks 31 on the support body 21, the formwork structure 1 is temporarily positioned relative to the support body 21 on which the partition plates 22 are installed.

[0049] Specifically, the formwork structure 1, with the adjacent segments 2A spaced apart by the spacer mechanism 3, is moved downward from above the support 21, so that the segments 2A are loosely fitted outside the support 21. In this embodiment, the fixing portions 12 provided on the upper part of each elastic member 11 are fixed to the upper edge of the support 21. As a result, the formwork structure 1 is suspended from the support 21 by the multiple elastic members 11. The upper parts of each suspension member 13 are hooked onto the upper edge of the support 21. In this embodiment, the formwork structure 1 is temporarily positioned above the water surface WL. Note that the method of fixing the fixing portions 12 of the elastic members 11 to the support 21 is not limited to fixing the fixing portions 12 to the upper edge of the support 21. For example, a band-shaped fixing jig can be fitted over the upper part of the support 21 and the fixing portions 12 of the elastic members 11 can be connected to the fixing jig.

[0050] 5, the hook portions 23a of the suspension wires 23 supporting the partition plates 22 extend beyond the outer surface of the support body 21, but the central opening of the formwork 2 is larger than the outer shape of the support body 21, so that multiple divisions 2A can be loosely fitted onto the outside of the support body 21 from the outside of the hook portions 23a of the suspension wires 23. The distance between the opposing ends 2a of adjacent divisions 2A when the divisions 2A are spaced apart by the spacer mechanism 3 should be set to a dimension that leaves a gap (clearance) of, for example, 1 cm to 20 cm, more preferably 3 cm to 10 cm, between the inner surface 2c of the division 2A and the outer surface of the support body 21, with the center position of the central opening of the formwork 2 aligned with the center position of the support body 21 in a plan view.

[0051] Next, as illustrated in Figures 7 to 9, the state in which adjacent divided bodies 2A are spaced apart by the spacer mechanism 3 is released, and the opposing ends 2a of adjacent divided bodies 2A are caused to abut or overlap each other by the biasing force of the biasing means 4, thereby forming a formwork 2 fitted around the structure 20 (support body 21).

[0052] 7, in this embodiment, the trigger members 3c constituting each of the spacer mechanisms 3 are pulled upward from above the multiple segments 2A, and the spacer members 3b are removed from the pair of stopper members 3a, thereby releasing the state in which adjacent segments 2A are spaced apart by the spacer mechanisms 3. When the release is performed as described above, the opposing ends 2a of adjacent segments 2A approach each other due to the biasing force of the biasing means 4, and the opposing ends 2a of adjacent segments 2A come into contact with each other. Then, the inner surfaces 2c of each segment 2A come into contact with the outer surfaces of the support bodies 21, and a form 2 fitted around the support bodies 21 is formed.

[0053] In this embodiment, when the opposing ends 2a of adjacent divided bodies 2A approach each other due to the biasing force of the biasing means 4, the direction in which the adjacent divided bodies 2A move relative to each other is guided by the guide mechanism 6. In addition, the front end of the guide member 10 provided on one of the divided bodies 2A of adjacent divided bodies 2A overlaps the upper surface of the divided body 2A on the other side, thereby preventing the adjacent divided bodies 2A from being out of alignment in height.

[0054] Furthermore, in this embodiment, even when the opposing ends 2a of adjacent divided bodies 2A are in contact with each other, the biasing means 4 applies a biasing force in the direction of bringing the ends 2a of the opposing divided bodies 2A into close contact with each other, thereby applying a force (biasing force) that presses the inner surface 2c of the formwork 2 against the outer surface of the support body 21, and the state in which the inner surface 2c of the formwork 2 is pressed against the outer surface of the support body 21 is maintained.

[0055] Next, as illustrated in Figure 9, wire rope hoists suspended from a crane are connected to each of the hoisting fittings 37 provided on the precast block 31, and the precast block 31 is lifted above the support body 21 by the crane. Then, as illustrated in Figures 10 to 12, with the through holes 33 provided in the precast block 31 and the support body 21 aligned, the precast block 31 is moved downward from above the support body 21, and the support body 21 is loosely inserted into the through holes 33 of the precast block 31, so that the bottom surface of the precast block 31 abuts against the upper surface of the formwork 2.

[0056] Then, the precast block 31 and formwork 2 are moved downward from the above-described state to a predetermined installation height, and the elastic member 11 maintains the state in which the upper surface of the formwork 2 abuts against the bottom surface of the precast block 31. In this embodiment, by placing the beam member 35 protruding into the inside of the through hole 33 on the upper end of the support body 21, the precast block 31 is positioned at the predetermined installation height and is supported on the upper part of the support body 21. The formwork 2 then closes the gap between the outer surface of the support body 21 and the lower end of the through hole 33 in the precast block 31. Once the precast block 31 is supported on the upper part of the support body 21, a worker can stand on the precast block 31 and perform work.

[0057] More specifically, in this embodiment, when the bottom surface of the precast block 31 is placed in contact with the top surface of the formwork 2 and the precast block 31 and formwork 2 are then moved downward to a predetermined installation height, each elastic member 11 is stretched. Then, an upward force (biasing force) acts on the formwork 2 due to the elastic force of the stretched elastic member 11 as it tries to contract, thereby maintaining the top surface of the formwork 2 in contact with the bottom surface of the precast block 31. Furthermore, when the precast block 31 and formwork 2 are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, the inner surface 2c (intervening member 2d) of the formwork 2 is maintained in contact with the outer surface of the support body 21.

[0058] Next, the upper ends of each of the hanging members 13 provided on the formwork structure 1 are fixed to the upper connection parts 36 provided on the beam members 35 of the precast blocks 31, so that the formwork 2 is supported (fixed) by the tensioned hanging members 13. In this embodiment, the upper ends of each of the hanging members 13 hooked onto the upper ends of the supports 21 from above the precast blocks 31 are pulled up to the upper connection parts 36 provided on the beam members 35, and the upper ends of the tensioned hanging members 13 are fixed to the upper connection parts 36. This completes the installation work of the formwork structure 1 (formwork 2).

[0059] Next, as shown in Figure 13, with the formwork 2 blocking the gap between the outer surface of the support body 21 and the lower end of the through hole 33 in the precast block 31, filler material 40 is poured into the inside of the through hole 33 in the precast block 31. Then, the filler material 40 is filled into the inside of the support body 21 above the partition plate 22, the gap between the outer surface of the support body 21 above the formwork 2 and the inner circumferential surface of the through hole 33, and the upper part of the through hole 33 above the support body 21. In Figure 13, the area filled with filler material 40 is indicated by diagonal lines.

[0060] After that, after a predetermined curing period has passed and the fill material 40 has hardened, the superstructure 30, in which the precast blocks 31 and the hardened fill material 40 are integrated, is fixed to the top of the support 21. This completes the construction work of the superstructure 30.

[0061] In this way, in the present invention, the formwork 2 is made up of multiple segments 2A, and adjacent segments 2A are maintained spaced apart by the spacer mechanism 3, which allows gaps to be provided between the multiple segments 2A and the outer surface of the structure 20 (support 21), making it easy to fit the multiple segments 2A loosely around the outside of the structure 20. Furthermore, the biasing means 4 attached to the segments 2A applies a biasing force in a direction that brings the spaced-apart adjacent segments 2A closer together, so that after placing the multiple segments 2A outside the structure 20, simply by releasing the spaced-apart state maintained by the spacer mechanism 3, the biasing force of the biasing means 4 causes the opposing ends 2a of the adjacent segments 2A to abut or overlap, forming the formwork 2 fitted around the structure 20. Therefore, the labor required for the work of constructing the formwork 2 for the structure 20 at the construction site (such as position adjustment and installation work) can be reduced, and the efficiency of the work of constructing the formwork 2 can be improved.

[0062] In particular, in construction of a superstructure 30 supported by supports 21 as in this embodiment, the hook portions 23a of the suspension wires 23 attached to the partition plates 22 protrude outside the outer surface of the structure 20, so it is not possible to install a formwork having through holes of the same dimensions as the outer shape of the supports 21 from above the supports 21. However, by using the formwork structure 1 of the present invention, it becomes possible to easily install the formwork 2 from above the supports 21. Because the formwork structure 1 can be prepared in advance, the number of work steps at the construction site can also be reduced.

[0063] As in this embodiment, when the formwork 2 is formed fitted onto the structure 20, and the formwork 2 is pressed against the outer surface of the structure 20 by the biasing force of the biasing means 4, it is more advantageous to prevent gaps from occurring between the outer surface of the structure 20 and the formwork 2. Furthermore, by pressing the formwork 2 against the outer surface of the structure 20 by the biasing force of the biasing means 4, the formwork 2 can be fixed in a more stable state to the structure 20. When the formwork 2 is formed fitted onto the structure 20, and the biasing means 4 applies a biasing force in a direction that brings the opposing ends 2a of adjacent segments 2A into close contact with each other, it is more advantageous to prevent gaps from occurring between the opposing ends 2a.

[0064] When the formwork structure 1 is configured to have the connecting mechanism 5 as in this embodiment, even when adjacent segments 2A are spaced apart, the adjacent segments 2A are connected to each other and support each other's loads. Therefore, when adjacent segments 2A are spaced apart by the spacer mechanism 3, this is advantageous for maintaining the formwork 2 (plural segments 2A) in a stable shape.

[0065] If the formwork structure 1 is configured to have a guide mechanism 6, the guide mechanism 6 will guide the direction of relative movement of adjacent segments 2A when they move toward each other, which is advantageous in preventing the adjacent segments 2A from shifting position relative to each other. If the connecting mechanism 5 and guide mechanism 6 are configured with a slide member 7, guide member 8, and support member 9 as in this embodiment, the connecting mechanism 5 and guide mechanism 6 can be configured very simply. If the formwork structure 1 is configured to have a guide member 10, it will be advantageous in preventing the height positions of adjacent segments 2A from shifting position relative to each other when they move toward each other.

[0066] In this embodiment, the spacer mechanism 3 is provided with a string- or rod-shaped trigger member 3c used to release the state in which adjacent segments 2A have been separated by the spacer mechanism 3. After the segments 2A are installed loosely on the outside of the structure 20, the trigger member 3c can be pulled from above or below the segments 2A to perform the release described above. This configuration makes it very easy to perform the release described above by the spacer mechanism 3 from above or below the segments 2A. Even if the spacer members 3b are located in a position that is out of direct reach from above the superstructure 30, where workers can approach, providing the trigger member 3c makes it possible to perform the release described above by the spacer mechanism 3 from a position distant from the spacer members 3b. Note that the method of performing the release described above by the spacer mechanism 3 and the configuration of the spacer mechanism 3 are not limited to the configuration exemplified in this embodiment, and various other configurations are possible.

[0067] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13, an example is shown of constructing a superstructure 30 fixed to the top of one support 21, but when constructing a superstructure 30 fixed to the top of two or more supports 21, for example, a formwork structure 1 can be installed for each support 21 to construct a superstructure 30 fixed to the top of two or more supports 21.

[0068] FIG. 14 illustrates a formwork structure 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] The form structure 1 of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 14 differs from the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13 in the positional relationship between the opposing ends 2a of adjacent segments 2A after release by the spacer mechanism 3, and in the configurations of the connecting mechanism 5 and guide mechanism 6. The rest of the configuration of the form structure 1 is the same as the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13.

[0070] Figure 14 shows a plan view of the formwork structure 1 as seen from below. In this embodiment, the formwork structure 1 is configured such that when the spacer mechanism 3 separating adjacent segments 2A is released, the biasing force of the biasing means 4 causes the opposing ends 2a of the adjacent segments 2A to overlap, forming a formwork 2 fitted around the structure 20 (support body 21). That is, adjacent segments 2A on one side and segments 2A on the other side are arranged with a vertical step, and the ends 2a of the segments 2A on one side and the ends 2a of the segments 2A on the other side are vertically overlapping. This configuration is advantageous for preventing gaps from occurring between adjacent segments 2A.

[0071] In this embodiment, the connecting mechanism 5 and the guide mechanism 6 are composed of a guide plate 14 and a support member 15. The guide plate 14 is composed of a flat plate-shaped member. The guide plate 14 is disposed below and between adjacent segments 2A. The longitudinal rear portion of the guide plate 14 is fixed near the end 2a of one segment 2A (the segment 2A on the right side of the paper in FIG. 14). The longitudinal front portion of the guide plate 14 protrudes from the end 2a of one segment 2A toward the adjacent segment 2A on the other side (the segment 2A on the left side of the paper in FIG. 14), overlapping near the end 2a of the other segment 2A, with the upper surface of the guide plate 14 abutting against the lower surface of the other segment 2A. A long hole 14a is formed in the center of the guide plate 14, extending from the segment 2A on one side toward the adjacent segment 2A on the other side.

[0072] The support member 15 is composed of a metal fitting having a flange portion at the lower end of a rod-shaped portion. The rod-shaped portion of the support member 15 is inserted into the elongated hole 14a of the guide plate 14, and the upper end of the rod-shaped portion of the support member 15 is fixed to the lower surface of the other divided body 2A (the divided body 2A on the left side of the paper in FIG. 14). The flange portion of the support member 15 is disposed below the guide plate 14, and the upper surface of the flange portion abuts against the lower surface of the guide plate 14. The width of the elongated hole 14a of the guide plate 14 is set slightly wider than the width (thickness) of the rod-shaped portion of the support member 15. The flange portion provided on the support member 15 prevents the support member 15 from falling out of the elongated hole 14a.

[0073] In the formwork structure 1 of this embodiment, adjacent sections 2A are connected by guide plates 14 and support members 15 so that they can move relative to one another, and the weights of adjacent sections 2A are supported by the guide plates 14 and support members 15. When adjacent sections 2A are separated by the spacer mechanism 3, the support members 15 are positioned on the other side of the elongated holes 14a of the guide plates 14 (on the left side of the paper in FIG. 14). When the spacer mechanism 3 is released and the opposing ends 2a of adjacent sections 2A are moved closer together by the biasing force of the biasing means 4, the support members 15 move relatively along the elongated holes 14a to one side of the elongated holes 14a (on the right side of the paper in FIG. 14) as the adjacent sections 2A move relative to one another. The movement of the support members 15 along the elongated holes 14a guides the direction of relative movement of adjacent sections 2A. In this way, by providing the guide plate 14 and the support member 15, the connecting mechanism 5 and the guide mechanism 6 can be configured simply with fewer components. Note that the form structure 1 of this embodiment can also achieve the same effects as the form structure 1 of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13.

[0074] FIG. 15 illustrates a formwork structure 1 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

[0075] The form structure 1 of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 15 differs from the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13 in the configurations of the spacer mechanism 3 and the biasing means 4, and the configurations of the connecting mechanism 5 and the guide mechanism 6. The other configurations of the form structure 1 are the same as those of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13.

[0076] In the spacer mechanism 3 of this embodiment, the stopper member 3a provided near the end 2a of one of the divided bodies 2A (the divided body 2A on the right side of the paper in FIG. 3) of the spacer mechanism 3 of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 is replaced with a rotating part 3d. One end of the spacer member 3b is rotatably connected to the rotating part 3d. The lower end of the trigger member 3c is fixed to the other end of the spacer member 3b.

[0077] As shown in Fig. 15, the spacer mechanism 3 of this embodiment is configured so that, when the ends 2a of adjacent segments 2A are spaced apart and the fitting hole of the spacer member 3b is fitted into the stopper member 3a provided near the end 2a of the other segment 2A, the adjacent segments 2A are maintained in the spaced apart state. When the trigger member 3c is pulled upward as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 15, the spacer member 3b rotates vertically around the rotating part 3 as the axis of rotation, disengaging the stopper member 3a provided near the end 2a of the other segment 2A from the spacer member 3b, thereby releasing the spaced apart state of the adjacent segments 2A maintained by the spacer mechanism 3.

[0078] In this embodiment, the biasing means 4 is composed of an annular rubber member 4b. In this embodiment, the annular rubber member 4b is fitted around the rod-shaped portion below the pivoting portion 3d provided near the end 2a of one of the segments 2A and the outside of the stopper member 3a provided near the end 2a of the other segment 2A. When the spacer mechanism 3 separates the adjacent segments 2A, the rubber member 4b is stretched beyond its equilibrium length when no force is applied to the rubber member 4b, and the rubber member 4b applies a biasing force in a direction that moves the adjacent segments 2A closer to each other. In this embodiment, the rubber member 4b is disposed between the top surface of the segment 2A and the spacer member 3b in the vertical direction.

[0079] In this embodiment, when the spacer mechanism 3 separating the adjacent segments 2A is released, the rubber member 4b contracts until the opposing ends 2a of the adjacent segments 2A come into contact, thereby applying a biasing force to the adjacent segments 2A in a direction that brings them closer together. In this way, the biasing means 4 can be easily configured using the rubber member 4b.

[0080] 15, the connecting mechanism 5 and guide mechanism 6 of this embodiment are composed of an insertion portion 16 provided at the end 2a of one adjacent divided body 2A and a groove portion 17 provided at the end 2a of the other divided body 2A. The insertion portion 16 provided at the end 2a of the one divided body 2A protrudes in the direction from the end 2a of the divided body 2A toward the end 2a of the other divided body 2A. The groove portion 17 is formed in approximately the same shape as the insertion portion 16.

[0081] When the spacer mechanism 3 separates adjacent segments 2A, the front portions of the insertion portions 16 are inserted into the grooves 17, connecting the adjacent segments 2A so that they can move relative to each other. The insertion portions 16 and the grooves 17 support each other's weight. When the spacer mechanism 3 releases the separation between the adjacent segments 2A and the adjacent segments 2A move toward each other, the insertion portions 16 move along the grooves 17, inserting them further into the grooves 17 and bringing the opposing ends 2a of the adjacent segments 2A into contact with each other. The provision of the insertion portions 16 and the grooves 17 in this manner allows the connection mechanism 5 and the guide mechanism 6 to be constructed very simply with fewer components. The formwork structure 1 of this embodiment can also achieve the same effects as the formwork structure 1 of the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 13.

[0082] FIG. 16 illustrates a formwork structure 1 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

[0083] The form structure 1 of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 16 differs from the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13 in the configurations of the spacer mechanism 3 and the biasing means 4 and the shape of the opposing ends 2a of adjacent divided bodies 2A. The rest of the configuration of the form structure 1 is the same as the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13.

[0084] As illustrated in FIG. 16, in this embodiment, the spacer member 3b constituting the spacer mechanism 3 and the tension spring 4a constituting the biasing means 4 in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 are replaced with an actuator 4c. That is, the actuator 4c functions as both the spacer mechanism 3 and the biasing means 4. The actuator 4c includes a cylinder and a rod that moves back and forth relative to the cylinder. The actuator 4c can be, for example, a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder. In this embodiment, a hydraulic cylinder is used as the actuator 4c. The rear end of the cylinder of the actuator 4c is fixed to a stopper member 3a provided near the end of one of the adjacent divisions 2A, and the front end of the rod of the actuator 4c is fixed to a stopper member 3a provided near the end of the other division 2A.

[0085] When the actuator 4c is extended, a hydraulic mechanism (or a pneumatic mechanism in the case of a pneumatic cylinder) provided between the cylinder and the rod generates a biasing force in a direction that moves the rod toward the cylinder. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the trigger member 3c is composed of a locking device that is engaged with the cylinder of the actuator 4c and a string-like member connected to the upper part of the locking device. When the actuator 4c is extended and the locking device of the trigger member 3c is engaged with the cylinder of the actuator 4c, the locking device prevents the rod from moving back and forth relative to the cylinder of the actuator 4c. When the adjacent segments 2A are separated by the spacer mechanism 3, the actuator 4c is extended, and the locking device of the trigger member 3c is engaged with the cylinder of the actuator 4c.

[0086] In this embodiment, when the string-like member of the trigger member 3c is pulled upward to release the locking state of the locking device of the trigger member 3c relative to the cylinder of the actuator 4c, the state in which the locking device prevents the rod from moving back and forth relative to the cylinder is released. The hydraulic mechanism of the actuator 4c (or the pneumatic mechanism in the case of a pneumatic cylinder) generates a biasing force in a direction that moves the rod of the actuator 4c toward the cylinder, causing the actuator 4c to contract until the opposing ends 2a of adjacent segments 2A abut against each other, and the actuator 4c applies a biasing force to the adjacent segments 2A in a direction that moves them closer together. By configuring the spacer member 3b and the biasing means 4 with the actuator 4c as in this embodiment, the spacer member 3b and the biasing means 4 can be simply configured with fewer components.

[0087] As illustrated in FIG. 16 , in this embodiment, the end 2 a of one of the opposing adjacent segments 2A is provided with a convex portion 18 that protrudes toward the end 2 a of the segment 2A on the other side. The end 2 a of the segment 2A on the other side is provided with a concave portion 19 into which the convex portion 18 fits. When the adjacent segments 2A are spaced apart by the spacer mechanism 3, the convex portion 18 on the end 2 a of the segment 2A on one side and the concave portion 19 on the end 2 a of the segment 2A on the other side are spaced apart. When the spacer mechanism 3 is released from the spaced-apart state of the adjacent segments 2A and the adjacent segments 2A are moved closer to each other, the convex portion 18 on the end 2 a of the segment 2A on one side fits into the concave portion 19 on the end 2 a of the segment 2A on the other side, and the opposing ends 2 a of the adjacent segments 2A come into contact.

[0088] Providing the convex portions 18 and concave portions 19 in this manner is more effective in preventing gaps from occurring between the opposing ends 2a of adjacent segments 2A. Note that the form structure 1 of this embodiment can also achieve the same effects as the form structure 1 of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13.

[0089] 17 and 18 show a formwork structure 1 according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

[0090] The formwork structure 1 of this embodiment differs from the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13 in the configuration of the divided bodies 2A that make up the formwork 2. The rest of the configuration of the formwork structure 1 is the same as the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13.

[0091] As illustrated in Figures 17 and 18, in the formwork structure 1 of this embodiment, the formwork 2 is composed of two divided bodies 2A. In this embodiment, each divided body 2A is composed of a semicircular arc-shaped flat plate member obtained by dividing the annular formwork 2 in half at the center in a plan view. In this embodiment, the end portions 2a of the two divided bodies 2A on one side (the lower side of the paper in Figure 17) facing each other are rotatably connected to each other by a hinge 2e. Between the end portions 2a of the two divided bodies 2A on the other side (the upper side of the paper in Figure 17) facing each other, a spacer mechanism 3, a biasing means 4, a connecting mechanism 5, a guide mechanism 6, and a guide member 10, which are configured similarly to the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13, are provided. An interposition member 2d is provided on the inner surface 2c of each divided body 2A. When the formwork 2 is made up of two divided bodies 2A connected by a hinge 2e as in this embodiment, the intervening member 2d should be made of a relatively flexible material such as a sponge-like rubber material.

[0092] 17, when the spacer mechanism 3 keeps the adjacent divisions 2A spaced apart, the central opening of the formwork 2 is larger than the outer shape of the support body 21. Therefore, multiple divisions 2A can be easily installed with a loose fit on the outside of the support body 21.

[0093] As shown in FIG. 18, when the spacer mechanism 3 separating the adjacent segments 2A is released, the biasing force of the biasing means 4 brings the opposing ends 2a of the two segments 2A closer together, causing the two segments 2A to rotate relative to each other via the hinges 2e. The opposing ends 2a of the two segments 2A then come into contact with each other, and the inner surfaces 2c of each segment 2A come into contact with the outer surfaces of the support bodies 21, forming a formwork 2 fitted around the support bodies 21. When the formwork 2 is constructed of two segments 2A connected by a hinge 2e, as in this embodiment, the formwork 2 of the formwork structure 1 of the present invention can be constructed simply with fewer components. The formwork structure 1 of this embodiment can also achieve the same effects as the formwork structure 1 of the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 13.

[0094] 19 to 21 show a formwork structure 1 according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

[0095] As shown in Figure 19, this embodiment illustrates a formwork structure 1 used to form a joint 53 between a pile head block 51 fixed to the top of a support 21 and a beam block 50. The pile head block 51 has a structure in which a steel frame 51b is embedded in a precast concrete block 51a, with the ends of the steel frame 51b protruding outside the precast concrete block 51a. The beam block 50 has a structure in which a steel frame 50b is embedded in a precast concrete block 50a, with the ends of the steel frame 50b protruding outside the precast concrete block 50a.

[0096] When forming the joint 53 between the pile head block 51 and the beam block 50, the end of the steel frame 51b protruding from the precast concrete block 51a of the pile head block 51 and the end of the steel frame 50b protruding from the precast concrete block 50a of the beam block 50 are joined by a connecting plate 52. A concrete formwork for forming the joint 53 is then installed outside the joint between the steel frame 51b of the pile head block 51 and the steel frame 50b of the beam block 50. Since the joint 53 is formed to have the same outer shape as the outer shape of the beam block 50, the formwork used to form the joint 53 is installed along the outer surface of the beam block 50. Next, fresh concrete is poured inside the formwork and allowed to harden, thereby forming the steel-concrete joint 53 in which the steel frames 50b, 51b, and the connecting plate 52 are embedded. The formwork structure 1 of this embodiment has specifications suitable for use as a formwork used to form the joint 53 described above. In this embodiment, the structure 20 onto which the formwork 2 of the formwork structure 1 is fitted is a beam block 50.

[0097] The formwork structure 1 of this embodiment differs from the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13 in the configuration of the divided bodies 2A that make up the formwork 2 and the arrangement of the other components (spacer mechanism 3, biasing means 4, connecting mechanism 5, guide mechanism 6, and guide member 10) that make up the formwork structure 1. The configurations and functions of the components of the formwork structure 1 are the same as those of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13.

[0098] As illustrated in Figures 20 and 21, in this embodiment, the formwork 2 constituting the formwork structure 1 is shaped to fit the side surfaces and bottom surface of the beam block 50 on both sides. The cross-sectional shape of the beam block 50 illustrated in this embodiment is such that the width at the top is greater than the width at the bottom, so the formwork 2 is shaped to match this shape. In this embodiment, the formwork 2, which is approximately U-shaped in cross section and has a pair of side plate portions and a bottom plate portion, is divided into two halves, left and right, with the center in the width direction as the boundary. The two divided bodies 2A constituting the formwork 2 each have a side plate portion and a bottom plate portion and are formed in an approximately L-shape in cross section.

[0099] In this embodiment, a spacer mechanism 3, a biasing means 4, a connecting mechanism 5, a guide mechanism 6, and a guide member 10 are provided between the opposing ends 2a of the bottom plate portions of two adjacent divided bodies 2A. In this embodiment, the connecting mechanism 5 and the guide mechanism 6 are arranged above the bottom plate portion of the divided body 2A, and the spacer mechanism 3, the biasing means 4, and the guide member 10 are arranged below the bottom plate portion of the divided body 2A. A trigger member 3c that constitutes the spacer mechanism 3 extends downward.

[0100] As illustrated in Figure 20, in the formwork structure 1 of this embodiment, similar to the formwork structure 1 of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13, the spacer mechanism 3 maintains the adjacent divided bodies 2A in a spaced-apart state, and the biasing means 4 attached to the divided bodies 2A applies a biasing force in a direction that brings the adjacent divided bodies 2A closer to each other, and the divided bodies 2A are installed by loosely fitting them on the outside of the structure 20 (beam block 50).

[0101] In this embodiment, two separated segments 2A are loosely fitted from the underside of the beam block 50. The two segments 2A loosely fitted in the beam block 50 are suspended by hanging members 13 provided at the top of each segment 2A. The position at which the upper ends of the hanging members 13 are fixed can be determined appropriately. In this embodiment, one longitudinal end of each of the separated segments 2A is loosely fitted into the longitudinal end of the beam block 50 (the depth direction of the paper in Figure 20), and the end faces of the other longitudinal end of each of the two segments 2A are abutted against the end face of the pile head block 51. When the two segments 2A are loosely fitted in the beam block 50, the upper surface of the bottom plate portion of each segment 2A abuts against the bottom surface of the beam block 50, and a gap is provided between the inner surface 2c of each segment 2A and the side surface of the beam block 50.

[0102] As shown in Figure 21, in this embodiment, when the trigger member 3c is pulled downward from below the two segments 2A, the spacer member 3b is removed from the pair of stopper members 3a, and the state in which the adjacent segments 2A are separated by the spacer mechanism 3 is released. Then, the biasing force of the biasing means 4 moves the opposing ends 2a of the two adjacent segments 2A toward each other, and the opposing ends 2a of the two adjacent segments 2A come into contact with each other. Then, the inner surface 2c of each segment 2A comes into contact with the outer surface (side surface) of the beam block 50, and a formwork 2 fitted around the beam block 50 is formed.

[0103] Furthermore, even when the opposing ends 2a of adjacent sections 2A are in contact with each other, the biasing means 4 applies a biasing force in the direction of bringing the ends 2a of the opposing sections 2A into close contact with each other, thereby applying a force (biasing force) that presses the inner surface 2c of the formwork 2 against the outer surface (side surface) of the beam block 50, and the state in which the inner surface 2c of the formwork 2 is pressed against the outer surface of the beam block 50 is maintained.

[0104] When the formwork structure 1 is applied to construct a formwork 2 that forms a joint 53 between a pile head block 51 and a beam block 50, as in this embodiment, the same effects as those of the formwork structure 1 of the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 13 can be achieved. The arrangement of the spacer mechanism 3, biasing means 4, connecting mechanism 5, guide mechanism 6, and guide member 10 relative to the divided body 2A is not limited to that of this embodiment. For example, the spacer mechanism 3, biasing means 4, and guide member 10 can also be arranged above the bottom plate of the divided body 2A. When the spacer mechanism 3 is arranged above the bottom plate of the divided body 2A, the trigger member 3c constituting the spacer mechanism 3 is extended upward, and by pulling the trigger member 3c upward, the state in which the adjacent divided bodies 2A are separated by the spacer mechanism 3 is released. For example, the connecting mechanism 5 and guide mechanism 6 can also be arranged below the bottom plate of the divided body 2A.

[0105] In the conventional construction method, a formwork with an internal shape identical to the external shape of the beam block 50 was created first, and then a crane was used to install the formwork by fitting it onto the outside of the beam block 50. However, in this case, the alignment of the beam block 50 and the formwork by operating the crane was extremely strict, so extremely high precision was required in operating the crane, and the installation of the formwork required a relatively large amount of labor and time. Another method is to assemble the formwork to match the external shape of the beam block 50 at the construction site, but this requires a large number of work steps at the construction site, which requires a relatively large amount of labor and time.

[0106] In contrast, in the formwork structure 1 of this embodiment, the spacer mechanisms 3 are used to maintain a state in which the adjacent segments 2A are spaced apart, providing a gap between the segments 2A and the outer surface (side surface) of the beam block 50, so that the segments 2A can be easily fitted loosely into the beam block 50 even when using a crane. Thereafter, the formwork 2 fitted onto the beam block 50 can be easily constructed simply by releasing the state in which the adjacent segments 2A are spaced apart by the spacer mechanisms 3. Because the formwork structure 1 can be prepared in advance, the number of work steps at the construction site can be reduced, and the labor required for adjusting the position of the formwork 2 and installing it can be reduced.

[0107] The embodiment shown in Fig. 22 illustrates a case where the cross-sectional shape of the beam block 50 described above is wider at the bottom than at the top. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of each divided body 2A is shaped so that the top of the side plate portion is narrower inward than the bottom of the side plate portion to match the outer shape of the beam block 50. The rest of the configuration is the same as the formwork structure 1 of the embodiment shown in Figs. 19 to 21.

[0108] If the cross-sectional shape of the beam block 50 is such that the width at the bottom is greater than the width at the top, as in conventional construction methods, even if a formwork having an interior shape identical to the exterior shape of the beam block 50 is created, the formwork cannot be fitted onto the beam block 50 from below. In contrast, with the formwork structure 1 of the present invention, even if the cross-sectional shape of the beam block 50 is such that the width at the bottom is greater than the width at the top, by maintaining a distance between adjacent segments 2A using the spacer mechanism 3 and positioning the inner surface 2c of the upper part of the side panel portion of each segment 2A outside the outer surface (side surface) of the lower part of the beam block 50, multiple segments 2A can be easily fitted loosely from below the beam block 50. Therefore, the formwork structure 1 of the present invention is highly versatile.

[0109] 23 to 26 show a formwork structure 1 according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

[0110] 23 to 26, this embodiment illustrates a form structure 1 applied to construction work in which a steel unit 61 having a steel column 61a and a steel beam 61b is installed on the top of a reinforced concrete column 60 to build a skeleton of reinforced steel concrete. In this embodiment, the formwork 2 of the form structure 1 constitutes a joint stop frame installed on the outside of the lower part of the steel column 61a located between the top of the column 60 and the steel beam 61b. In this embodiment, the structure 20 onto which the formwork 2 of the form structure 1 is fitted is the column 60.

[0111] The column 60 in this embodiment has a rectangular shape in plan view, and a plurality of reinforcing bars 60a protrude upward from the upper end surface of the concrete portion that constitutes the column 60. The steel column 61a is made of a square steel pipe that is rectangular in plan view, and a steel beam 61b is joined to the side of the steel column 61a. The steel beam 61b is disposed above the lower end of the steel column 61a.

[0112] The formwork structure 1 of this embodiment differs from the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13 in the configuration of the divided bodies 2A that make up the formwork 2 and the arrangement of the other components (spacer mechanism 3, biasing means 4, connecting mechanism 5, guide mechanism 6, and guide member 10) that make up the formwork structure 1. The configurations and functions of the components of the formwork structure 1 are the same as those of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13.

[0113] 23 and 24, in this embodiment, the formwork 2 constituting the formwork structure 1 is formed in a rectangular shape that follows the outer shape of the pillar 60 in a plan view. In this embodiment, the formwork 2, which is rectangular in a plan view, is divided into four parts. Each of the four divided parts 2A constituting the formwork 2 is formed in an L shape in a plan view.

[0114] In this embodiment, a spacer mechanism 3 and a biasing means 4 are provided between the opposing ends 2a of adjacent divided bodies 2A. In this embodiment, the spacer mechanism 3 and the biasing means 4 are arranged on the side surfaces of the divided bodies 2A. In this embodiment, a spacer member 3b that constitutes the spacer mechanism 3 is arranged below a tension spring 4a that constitutes the biasing means 4, and a trigger member 3c that constitutes the spacer mechanism 3 is provided below the spacer member 3b. The biasing means 4 (tension spring 4a) in this embodiment is configured to be detachable from the stopper member 3a that constitutes the spacer mechanism 3.

[0115] As illustrated in Figures 23 and 24, in this embodiment, multiple divisions 2A are spaced apart by spacer mechanisms 3 and are loosely fitted outside the lower part of a pillar 60. The formwork structure 1 (formwork 2) is placed on the ground. Hanging members 13 are provided on the top of each division 2A. The formwork structure 1 maintains the adjacent divisions 2A spaced apart by the spacer mechanisms 3, and biasing means 4 attached to the divisions 2A apply a biasing force in a direction that brings the spaced-apart adjacent divisions 2A closer to each other.

[0116] More specifically, in the formwork structure 1 of this embodiment, when the spacer members 3b (trigger members 3c) and tension springs 4a are removed from the pair of stopper members 3a, the segments 2A can be separated from each other. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 24, each separated segment 2A is placed outside the lower part of a pillar 60, and biasing means 4 is attached to a pair of adjacent stopper members 3a. Then, when the spacer members 3b (trigger members 3c) are attached to a pair of adjacent stopper members 3a with the adjacent segments 2A spaced apart, the formwork structure 1 can be assembled with multiple segments 2A loosely fitted in the lower part of the pillar 60. The assembly work of the formwork structure 1 described above can be carried out on land.

[0117] Then, a steel frame unit 61 is installed on the upper part of the column body 60. The work of installing the steel frame unit 61 on the upper part of the column body 60 may be performed before the form structure 1 is installed on the lower part of the column body 60, or may be performed after the form structure 1 is installed on the lower part of the column body 60. In the installation work of the steel frame unit 61, a crane is used to move the steel frame unit 61 downward from above the multiple reinforcing bars 60a protruding from the upper end surface of the concrete part that constitutes the column body 60, so that the multiple reinforcing bars 60a are inserted into the steel column 61a. Then, as illustrated in Figures 25 and 26, the steel frame unit 61 is moved further downward using a crane, so that the steel column 61a is placed on the upper end surface of the concrete part of the column body 60.

[0118] Next, as illustrated in Figures 25 and 26, the formwork structure 1 is lifted above the column 60 using the hanging members 13, and the multiple segments 2A, which are spaced apart by the spacer mechanisms 3, are loosely fitted onto the top of the column 60. The height position of the formwork structure 1 is set so that the lower part of each segment 2A overlaps the upper part of the concrete part of the column 60 and the upper part of each segment 2A is positioned higher than the upper end of the concrete part of the column 60. The upper parts of the hanging members 13 are fixed to steel beams 61b or the like, and the formwork structure 1 is suspended at a predetermined height by the multiple hanging members 13. With the multiple segments 2A loosely fitted onto the top of the column 60, a gap is provided between the inner surface 2c of each segment 2A and the outer surface of the column 60.

[0119] Next, when the spacer mechanism 3 is released from the state in which the adjacent segments 2A are spaced apart, the opposing ends 2a of the adjacent segments 2A that were spaced apart move closer to each other and abut against each other due to the biasing force of the biasing means 4. Then, the inner surfaces 2c of each segment 2A come into contact with the outer surface of the upper part of the column 60, and the formwork 2 fitted over the upper part of the column 60 is formed.

[0120] 25, in this embodiment, when the trigger member 3c constituting the spacer mechanism 3 provided on the side of the divided body 2A is pulled downward, the spacer member 3b moves downward relative to the pair of stopper members 3a, and the engagement between the pair of stopper members 3a and the spacer member 3b is released. This releases the state in which the spacer mechanism 3 has separated the adjacent divided bodies 2A from each other.

[0121] In this embodiment, even when the opposing ends 2a of adjacent segments 2A are in contact with each other, the biasing means 4 applies a biasing force in the direction of bringing the ends 2a of the opposing segments 2A into close contact with each other, thereby creating a state in which a force (biasing force) is applied that presses the inner surface 2c of the formwork 2 against the outer surface of the pillar 60, and the state in which the inner surface 2c of the formwork 2 is pressed against the outer surface of the pillar 60 is maintained. Therefore, the formwork 2 can be fixed to the pillar 60 in a very stable state.

[0122] As in this embodiment, even when the formwork structure 1 is applied to construct a formwork 2 that constitutes a joint stop frame, the same effects as those of the formwork structure 1 of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 13 can be achieved.

[0123] In the conventional construction method, the joint stop frame was assembled at the construction site to match the external shape of the column 60, but since the height at which the joint stop frame was constructed was relatively high, it was necessary to perform complicated work at a high altitude. In addition, the number of work steps at the construction site increased, requiring a relatively large amount of labor and time.

[0124] In contrast, in the formwork structure 1 of this embodiment, the formwork structure 1 can be easily assembled on land with multiple segments 2A loosely fitted to the bottom of the column 60. Furthermore, by maintaining the adjacent segments 2A spaced apart by the spacer mechanism 3 and providing gaps between the multiple segments 2A and the outer surface of the column 60, the formwork structure 1 can be smoothly hoisted above the column 60. After the formwork structure 1 has been hoisted above the column 60, the formwork 2 fitted around the column 60 can be easily constructed simply by releasing the spacer mechanism 3 that has kept the adjacent segments 2A spaced apart. Therefore, there is no need to perform complicated work at high altitudes, and the labor required for constructing a joint stop frame at a construction site can be reduced.

[0125] Although the above example shows the construction of a joint stop frame for a column 60 on the first floor, even when constructing a joint stop frame for a column 60 on the second floor or higher, the work of assembling the formwork structure 1 with multiple divided bodies 2A loosely fitted into the lower part of the column 60 can be easily carried out on scaffolding, etc.

[0126] Furthermore, in the above example, the form structure 1 is placed on top of the column 60 by suspending it upward from the bottom of the column 60, but, for example, before installing the steel frame unit 61 on top of the column 60, the form structure 1, in which adjacent segments 2A are spaced apart by the spacer mechanism 3, can be suspended from the steel frame unit 61 by the suspension members 13. In this case, when installing the steel frame unit 61 on top of the column 60, the form structure 1 can be moved downward together with the steel frame unit 61, and the multiple segments 2A can be loosely fitted to the outside of the column 60 from the upper side of the column 60, thereby easily placing the form structure 1 on top of the column 60.

[0127] The combinations of the formwork 2 (divided bodies 2A), spacer mechanisms 3, biasing means 4, connecting mechanisms 5, guide mechanisms 6, and guide members 10 that constitute the formwork structure 1 of the present invention are not limited to the combinations exemplified above, and can be combined as appropriate. For example, the spacer mechanisms 3 and biasing means 4 of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16 can be used as the spacer mechanisms 3 and biasing means 4 that constitute the formwork structure 1 of the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 19 to 21. Furthermore, in the formwork structure 1 of the present invention, the abutment members 2b, intervening members 2d, connecting mechanisms 5, guide mechanisms 6, and guide members 10 are not essential components and can be provided as needed. The formwork 2 (divided bodies 2A), spacer mechanisms 3, biasing means 4, connecting mechanisms 5, guide mechanisms 6, and guide members 10 that constitute the formwork structure 1 are not limited to the configurations exemplified above, and various other configurations are possible, as long as they have the functions described above.

[0128] The shapes and sizes of the structure 20 (supports 21, beam blocks 50, columns 60) in each of the above-exemplified embodiments are not limited to the above-exemplified embodiments. Furthermore, the formwork structure 1 and the method for constructing the formwork 2 of the present invention are not limited to the above-exemplified embodiments, and can be applied to various other constructions for constructing the formwork 2. [Explanation of symbols]

[0129] 1 Formwork structure 2 Formwork 2A split body 2a end 2b Contact member 2c Inside surface 2d intervening member 2e hinge 3 Spacer mechanism 3a Stopper member 3b Spacer member 3c Trigger member 3d Rotating part 4. Actuation means 4a Tension spring 4b Rubber material 4c Actuator 5 Connection mechanism 6 Guide mechanism 7 Slide member 8 Guide member 9 Support member 10 Guide member 11 Elastic member 12 Fixed part 13 Hanging members 14 Guide plate 14a long hole 15 Support member 16 Insertion section 17 Groove 18 Convex part 19 Recess 20 Structures 21 Support (Pile) 22 Partition 23 Hanging wire 23a Hook part 30 Superstructure 31 Precast Blocks 32 Block Letters 33 Through hole 34 Sheath tube 35 Beam member 36 Upper connection part 37 Hanging hardware 40 Filling material 50 Beam Block 50a Precast Concrete Block 50b Steel frame 51 Pile head block 51a Precast concrete blocks 51b Steel frame 52 Connecting plate 53 Joint 60 column 60a rebar 61 Steel frame unit 61a Steel column 61b Steel beam WL water surface position

Claims

1. A method for constructing a formwork fitted onto a structure, comprising: The formwork is constructed of a plurality of divided bodies, and adjacent divided bodies are maintained in a spaced-apart state by a spacer mechanism. The plurality of divided bodies are loosely fitted on the outside of the structure in a state in which a biasing force is applied by a biasing means attached to the divided bodies in a direction that brings the adjacent divided bodies in a spaced-apart state closer to each other. A method of constructing a formwork, characterized in that by releasing the state in which adjacent divided bodies are separated by the spacer mechanism, the opposing ends of the adjacent divided bodies are abutted or overlapped by the spring force, thereby forming the formwork fitted around the structure.

2. The method for constructing a formwork according to claim 1, wherein the formwork is formed so as to be fitted onto the outer surface of the structure, and the formwork is pressed against the outer surface of the structure by the biasing force.

3. 3. A method for constructing a formwork according to claim 1, further comprising providing a connecting mechanism for connecting adjacent divided bodies so that they can move relative to each other before the release.

4. 3. A method for constructing a formwork according to claim 1, further comprising providing a guide mechanism for guiding the direction in which adjacent divided bodies move relative to each other before the release.

5. A method for constructing a formwork as described in claim 1 or 2, in which a string-like or rod-like trigger member used for the release is provided on the spacer mechanism, and after the multiple segments are installed loosely on the outside of the structure, the release is performed by pulling the trigger member from above or below the multiple segments.

6. In a formwork structure to be fitted onto the outside of a structure, The mold comprises a plurality of divided bodies constituting a formwork, a spacer mechanism for maintaining adjacent divided bodies in a spaced state, and a biasing means attached to the divided bodies for applying a biasing force in a direction that brings the adjacent divided bodies in a spaced state closer to each other, When the spacer mechanism separates the adjacent divided bodies from each other, the opposing ends of the adjacent divided bodies come into contact with or overlap each other due to the biasing force, A formwork structure characterized in that multiple divided bodies are installed with loose fit on the outside of the structure, with the spring force applied to adjacent divided bodies spaced apart by the spacer mechanism.

Images