Use of high-temperature, high-performance aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy products

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of a wrought product of temper T8 made from an aluminium alloy having the following composition by weight: Cu: 3.6-4.4; Mg: 1.2-1.4; Mn: 0.5-0.8; Zr: ≦0.15; Ti: 0.01-0.15; Si≦0.20; Fe≦0.20; Zn≦0.25; other elements less than 0.05; balance aluminium, in applications where the product is maintained at a temperature of 80°C to 250°C for a significant duration of at least 200 hours. Products intended for use according to the invention are particularly useful in applications such as rotors and other parts of intake pumps, especially vacuum pumps.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to products made from aluminum-copper-magnesium alloys, and more particularly to such products intended for use at high temperatures, methods for their manufacture and use. [Background technology]

[0002] Some aluminum alloys are commonly used for applications such as structural parts and fasteners in the immediate vicinity of the engine in the automotive and aerospace industries, or as rotors and other parts of intake pumps such as vacuum pumps, among others, where the alloys have high service temperatures, typically between 80°C and 250°C, and generally between 100°C and 200°C.

[0003] These alloys require good mechanical properties at high temperatures, which means, inter alia, on the one hand, thermal stability, i.e. the mechanical properties measured at ambient temperature are stable after prolonged aging at the temperature of use, and, on the other hand, high thermal performance, i.e. the mechanical properties measured at high temperatures (static mechanical properties, creep resistance).

[0004] Among the alloys known for this type of application, mention may be made of the AA2618 alloy, which was used to manufacture the Concorde and which contains (in % by weight): Cu:1.9~2.7 Mg:1.3~1.8 Fe:0.9~1.3, Ni:0.9~1.2 Si:0.10~0.25 Ti:0.04~0.10.

[0005] French patent No. 2279852 proposes an alloy with a reduced iron and nickel content, with the following composition (in % by weight): Cu:1.8~3 Mg:1.2~2.7 Si<0.3 Fe:0.1~0.4 Ni+Co:0.1~0.4 (Ni+Co) / Fe:0.9~1.3.

[0006] The alloy can also contain Zr, Mn, Cr, V or Mo with a content of less than 0.4%, and in some cases Cd, In, Sn or Be with a content of less than 0.၂% each, Zn with a content of less than ၈%, or Ag with a content of less than ၁%. This alloy substantially improves the stress concentration coefficient K1c representing crack propagation resistance.

[0007] European Patent Application Publication No. 0756017 is directed to an aluminum alloy with high creep resistance and the following composition (in weight%): Cu: 2.0 - 3.0 Mg: 1.5 - 2.1 Mn: 0.3 - 0.7 Fe < 0.3 Ni < 0.3 Ag < 1.0 Zr < 0.15 Ti < 0.15 Furthermore, Si is contained such that 0.3 < Si + 0.4Ag < 0.6, and the other elements are each less than [0.05] and the total is less than [0.15].

[0008] Russian Federation Patent No. 2210614 describes an alloy with the following composition (in weight%): Cu: 3.0 - 4.2 Mg: 1.0 - 2.2 Mn: 0.1 - 0.8 Zr: 0.03 - 0.2 Ti: 0.012 - 0.1, V: 0.001 - 0.15 At least one element of Ni: 0.001 - 0.25 and Co: 0.001 - 0.25, and the balance is aluminum.

[0009] WO 2012 / 140337 relates to wrought products made of an Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy having a composition, in weight percent, of Cu: 2.6-3.7; Mg: 1.5-2.6; Mn: 0.2-0.5; Zr: ≦0.16; Ti: 0.01-0.15; Cr≦0.25; Si≦0.2; Fe≦0.2; other elements less than 0.05, the remainder being aluminum; where Cu>−0.9(Mg)+4.3 and Cu<−0.9(Mg)+5.0, where Cu=Cu−0.74(Mn−0.2)−2.28Fe, and where Mg=Mg−1.73(Si−0.05) when Si is 0.05 or more, and Mg=Mg when Si is less than 0.05, and a method for producing the same. The alloys referred to in this application are particularly useful for applications in which the products are maintained at temperatures of 100° C. to 200° C., typically around 150° C. The products referred to in this application are useful for fasteners intended for use in automobile engines, such as screws, bolts and rivets, or for the manufacture of parts for airplane nacelles and / or connecting struts, airplane wing leading edges and supersonic aircraft fuselages.

[0010] Chinese Patent Publication No. 104164635 describes a method for improving the ambient temperature strength and high-temperature performance of an Al-Cu-Mg alloy for aluminum alloy drill rods, which includes the steps of pre-stretching the Al-Cu-Mg alloy after solution treatment to deform it by 0% to 8%, then heating it at 160°C to 190°C for 4 to 120 hours, and then removing the alloy from the furnace and air-cooling it, in which the ratio of copper to magnesium in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy is 5 or less, and the alloy composition by weight is Cu: 4.0% to 4.3%, Mg: 1.5% to 1.6%, Mn: 0.4% to 0.6%, Ti: 0.1% to 0.15%, and the remainder is Al.

[0011] Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 107354413 relates to the preparation of high-strength, heat-resistant aluminum alloy materials for oil extraction, and also belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy heat treatment. The alloy composition is determined as follows: Si<0.35, Fe<0.45, Cu 4.0-4.5, Mn 0.40-0.80, Mg 1.3-1.7, Zn<0.10, Ti 0.08-0.20, Zr 0.10-0.15, and other impurities 0.00-0.15.

[0012] Russian Patent No. 2278179 relates to an aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy useful as a structural material in the aerospace field, the alloy containing (by mass%): copper 3.8-5.5; magnesium 0.3-1.6; manganese 0.2-0.8; titanium 0.5×10 -6 ~0.07; tellurium 0.5 × 10 -5 ~0.01, silver 0.2~1.0; nickel 0.5×10 -6 ~0.05; zinc 0.5 × 10 -6 ~0.1; Zirconium 0.05~0.3; Chromium 0.05~0.3; Iron 0.5×10 -6 ~0.15; silicon 0.5 × 10 -6 ~0.1; hydrogen 0.1 × 10 -5 ~2.7×10 -5 and the remainder being aluminum.

[0013] WO 2020 / 074818 relates to a thin sheet of a predominantly recrystallized aluminium-based alloy between 0.25 mm and 12 mm thick, containing, in weight percent: Cu 3.4-4.0; Mg 0.5-0.8; Mn 0.1-0.7; Fe≦0.15; Si≦0.15; Zr≦0.04; Ag≦0.65; Zn≦0.5; unavoidable impurities each not exceeding 0.05 and total not exceeding 0.15; and the remainder being aluminium.

[0014] US Patent Application Publication No. 2004 / 013529 relates to a mechanical vacuum pump including a rotor made of a light metal alloy obtained by powder metallurgy, which improves the heat and creep resistance of the rotor.

[0015] The AA2219 alloy, which has the composition (by weight) of Cu: 5.8-6.8, Mn: 0.20-0.40, Ti: 0.02-0.10, Zr: 0.10-0.25, V: 0.05-0.15, and Mg<0.02, is also known for use at high temperatures.

[0016] These alloys, however, have insufficient mechanical properties for certain applications and also present recycling problems, especially due to their high iron and / or silicon and / or nickel and / or cobalt and / or vanadium content.

[0017] Also known are Al-Cu-Mg alloys, most often in the T3 temper, an economical metallurgical condition that does not require tempering heat treatment.

[0018] US Pat. No. 3,826,688 teaches an alloy having a composition (by weight) of Cu: 2.9 to 3.7, Mg: 1.3 to 1.7, and Mn: 0.1 to 0.4.

[0019] The specification of US Patent No. 5,593,516 states that Cu is 2.5 to 5.5, Mg is 0.1 to 2.3, and the solubility of these, that is, Cu is high and Cu is low. max The authors teach alloys with compositions (wt%) within the solubility range such that Zn = -0.91(Mg) + 5.59.

[0020] European Patent Application Publication No. 0038605 teaches an alloy with the following composition (wt%): Cu: 3.8-4.4, Mg: 1.2-1.8, Mn: 0.3-0.9, Si: max. 0.12, Fe: max. 0.15, Zn: max. 0.25, Ti: max. 0.15, Cr: max. 0.10.

[0021] U.S. Pat. No. 6,444,058 states that effective values ​​of Cu and Mg are, inter alia, Cu target =Cu eff The present inventors have taught a high-purity Al-Mg-Cu alloy composition defined by +0.74(Mn-0.2) +2.28(Fe-0.005), and have also reported that Mgeff The maximum value of Cu is approximately 1.4 wt%. eff :Mg eff It teaches the compositional regions in the chart.

[0022] There is a need for aluminum alloy products that have good mechanical performance at high temperatures, typically 150°C, and that are easy to manufacture and recycle. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0023] [Patent Document 1] French Patent Invention No. 2279852 [Patent Document 2] European Patent Application Publication No. 0756017 [Patent Document 3] Russian Patent No. 2210614 [Patent Document 4] International Publication No. 2012 / 140337 [Patent Document 5] Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 104164635 [Patent Document 6] Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 107354413 [Patent Document 7] Russian Patent No. 2278179 [Patent Document 8] International Publication No. 2020 / 074818 [Patent Document 9] US Patent Application Publication No. 2004 / 013529 [Patent Document 10] U.S. Patent No. 3,826,688 [Patent Document 11] U.S. Patent No. 5,593,516 [Patent Document 12] European Patent Application Publication No. 0038605 [Patent Document 13] U.S. Patent No. 6,444,058 Summary of the Invention

[0024] The subject of the present invention is, in % by weight: Cu: 3.6 to 4.4 Mg: 1.2 to 1.4 Mn: 0.5 to 0.8 Zr: 0.07~ 0.15 Ti: 0.01 to 0.05 Si≦0.20 Fe≦0.20 Zn≦0.25 Inevitable impurities is less than 0.05 The rest is aluminum, Use of a wrought product of temper T8 made of an aluminum alloy of the composition said product for a significant duration of at least 200 hours 100 Use in applications where temperatures are maintained between ℃ and 250℃. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0025] [Figure 1] The change in fracture strength with ageing duration at 150°C in hours is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] Unless otherwise stated, all alloy chemical composition indications are expressed as weight percentages based on the total weight of the alloy. References to 1.4Cu or 1.4(Cu) mean the copper content, expressed as a weight percent, multiplied by 1.4. Alloy designations follow the Aluminum Association's standards, known to those skilled in the art. Metallurgical condition definitions are found in European Standard EN515-2017. This standard, among other things, indicates that the T8 temper is solution-annealed, cold-worked, and then artificially aged. This designation applies to products that have undergone cold work to improve their mechanical strength or where the cold work effect, combined with leveling or flattening, appears at the limits of their mechanical properties. The T8 temper refers to all metallurgical conditions in which the first digit after the T is 8. For example, T851 and T852 are both T8 tempers.

[0027] Static mechanical properties in tension, in other words, breaking strength R m , conventional yield strength R at 0.2% elongation p0.2 , and elongation at break A% are determined by tensile tests according to standard NF EN ISO 6892-1, with test direction and sampling indicated by standard EN 485-1. High temperature tensile tests are carried out according to standard NF EN 10002-5. Creep tests are carried out according to standard ASTM E139-06. Unless stated otherwise, the definitions of standard EN 12258 apply.

[0028] The inventors have surprisingly determined that there exists a compositional range of Al-Cu-Mg alloys containing Mn that makes it possible to obtain particularly high temperature, high performance wrought products when the alloys are used in the T8 temper.

[0029] The magnesium content is such that Mg is between 1.2 and 1.4% by weight, and preferably between 1.25 and 1.35% by weight. When the Mg content is not within the range according to the invention, the mechanical properties are not satisfactory, especially the breaking strength R mmay be insufficient after aging at ambient temperature and / or at 150°C.

[0030] The copper content is such that Cu is between 3.6 and 4.4 wt.%, Cu is advantageously at least 3.9 wt.% and preferably at least 4.0 wt.%, Cu is advantageously at most 4.3 wt.% and preferably at most 4.25 wt.%.

[0031] The product intended for use according to the invention contains 0.5 to 0.8% by weight of manganese, which contributes particularly to the control of the grain structure. The Mn content is advantageously between 0.51 and 0.65% by weight. The inventors have determined that the addition of zirconium simultaneously with manganese can be advantageous in certain cases in order to reduce the susceptibility to high-temperature aging while achieving particularly high mechanical properties. The Zr content is a maximum of 0.15% by weight. The Zr content teeth, At least equal to 0.07% by weight and preferably at least equal to 0.08% by weight. In one advantageous embodiment, the product intended for use according to the invention comprises between 0.09% and 0.15% by weight of zirconium and between 0.50% and 0.60% by weight of manganese.

[0032] The titanium content is between 0.01 and 0.05% by weight. The addition of titanium contributes especially to grain refinement during casting. Additions above 0.05% by weight, however, can result in an excessively fine grain size, which impedes creep resistance at high temperatures.

[0033] The iron content and silicon content are each up to 0.20% by weight. In one advantageous embodiment of the invention, the iron content is up to 0.18% by weight, preferably 0.15% by weight. In one advantageous embodiment of the invention, the silicon content is up to 0.15% by weight, preferably 0.10% by weight.

[0034] The zinc content is a maximum of 0.25% by weight. In one embodiment of the present invention, the zinc content is between 0.05% and 0.25% by weight, which can contribute, among other things, to mechanical strength. However, the presence of zinc can present recycling problems. In another embodiment, the zinc content is less than 0.20% by weight, preferably less than 0.15% by weight.

[0035] The content of other elements is less than 0.05% by weight, preferably less than 0.04% by weight. Preferably, the total of other elements is less than 0.15% by weight. , non It is an unavoidable impurity. The remainder is aluminum.

[0036] Wrought products intended for use according to the invention are preferably plates, profiles or forged products. Profiles are typically obtained by extrusion. Forged products can be obtained by forging of ingots or extruded or rolled products.

[0037] The method of manufacturing a product intended for use according to the invention comprises the successive steps of alloy preparation, casting, optionally homogenizing, hot deformation, solution treatment, quenching, cold deformation and tempering.

[0038] In a first step, a liquid metal bath is prepared to obtain an aluminum alloy of the composition according to the invention, which is then cast, typically in the form of a plate for rolling, a billet for extrusion, or a steel stock for forging.

[0039] Advantageously, the product thus cast is then homogenized for a duration of between 5 and 60 hours, reaching a temperature of between 450° C. and 520° C., and preferably between 495° C. and 510° C. The homogenization can be carried out in one or more stages.

[0040] The product is then hot deformed, typically by rolling, extrusion and / or forging. Hot deformation is preferably carried out to maintain a temperature of at least 300°C. Advantageously, a temperature of at least 350°C, and preferably at least 380°C, is maintained during hot deformation. No significant cold deformation, especially cold rolling, is carried out between hot deformation and solution treatment. Significant cold deformation is typically a deformation of at least approximately 5%.

[0041] The product thus deformed is then solution-treated by a heat treatment making it possible to reach a temperature between 485°C and 520°C, and preferably between 495°C and 510°C, for a period of between 15 minutes and 8 hours, and then quenched.

[0042] The quality of the solution treatment can be assessed by calorimetry and / or optical microscopy.

[0043] The wrought product obtained, typically a plate, a profile or a forged product, is then subjected to a cold deformation, advantageously of 2% to 5%, which makes it possible to improve the mechanical strength and to obtain the T8 temper after tempering. The cold deformation can in particular be a controlled tensile deformation to the T851 temper or a compressive deformation to the T852 temper.

[0044] Finally, tempering is carried out, during which the product reaches a temperature between 160°C and 210°C, preferably between 175°C and 195°C, for a period of 5 to 100 hours, preferably between 10 and 50 hours. In an advantageous embodiment, tempering is carried out during which the product reaches a temperature between 170°C and 180°C, for a period of 10 to 15 hours. Tempering can be carried out in one or more stages. The tempering conditions are preferably such that the mechanical strength Rp 0.2 is determined so that is maximum ("peak" tempering). Tempering in the conditions according to the invention makes it possible, inter alia, to improve the mechanical properties and their stability upon ageing at 150°C.

[0045] The thickness of the products intended for use according to the invention is advantageously between 6 mm and 300 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 200 mm. Plates are rolled products of uniform thickness and rectangular cross section. The thickness of the profile is defined according to standard EN 2066:2001, i.e. the cross section is divided into a basic rectangle with dimensions A and B, A is always the largest dimension of the basic rectangle, and B can be considered as the thickness of the basic rectangle.

[0046] The wrought products obtained by the method of the present invention have the advantage of having high mechanical strength and good high temperature performance. Thus, wrought products intended for use according to the present invention preferably have a breaking strength R in the longitudinal direction of at least 490 MPa, preferably at least 495 MPa. m and a breaking strength R of at least 475 MPa, preferably at least 480 MPa, after aging at 150°C for 1000 hours. m The wrought products intended for use according to the invention are creep resistant, and therefore preferably exhibit a duration required to reach a deformation of 0.35% during a creep test according to standard ASTM E139-06 at a temperature of 150°C and a stress of 250 MPa of at least 700 hours, and preferably at least 800 hours.

[0047] Products intended for use according to the present invention are intended to be effective in preventing the formation of flammable or flammable particles in the atmosphere for a significant duration of at least 200 hours, and preferably at least 2000 hours. 100 It is particularly useful for applications where temperatures are maintained at temperatures between 0.degree. C. and 250.degree. C., and preferably between 100.degree. C. and 200.degree. C., typically around 150.degree.

[0048] The products intended for use according to the invention are therefore useful for application in structural parts and fastenings in the immediate vicinity of engines in the automotive and aerospace industries, or preferably for application in rotors and other parts, especially boosters, of intake pumps, especially vacuum pumps, in particular turbomolecular pumps, or for parts for blowers, such as boosters.

[0049] These and other aspects of the invention are explained in more detail using the following illustrative and non-limiting examples.

[0050] [Example] Example 1 In this example, six alloys were cast into rolling plates. . If Alloy B has a composition according to the present invention. Alloys C and E are taught by WO 2012 / 140337 for their performance in high temperature service. Alloy F is an AA2618 alloy, known for its performance in high temperature service.

[0051] The composition of the alloys in weight percent is shown in Table 1.

[0052] [Table 1]

[0053] The plates were homogenized at temperatures between 490 and 540°C, depending on the alloy, hot rolled to a thickness of 10 mm (Alloy A), 15 mm (Alloys B to E), or 21 mm (Alloy F), solution-treated at temperatures between 490 and 540°C, depending on the alloy, water-quenched by immersion, stretched 2% to 4%, and tempered at 175 or 190°C to achieve peak tensile yield strength in the T8 temper. Thus, Alloy A and Alloy B plates were homogenized at 495°C for 20 and 36 hours, and the resulting rolled plates were solution-treated at 498°C for 2 hours and tempered at 190°C for 8 hours or at 175°C for 12 hours. Alloy C plates were homogenized in two stages, at 500°C for 10 hours and then at 509°C for 20 hours, and the plates obtained after rolling were solution treated at 507°C for 2 hours and tempered at 190°C for 12 hours. Alloy D plates were homogenized in two stages, at 500°C for 10 hours and then at 503°C for 20 hours, and the plates obtained after rolling were solution treated at 500°C for 2 hours and tempered at 190°C for 8 hours. Alloy E plates were homogenized in two stages, at 500°C for 10 hours and then at 503°C for 20 hours, and the plates obtained after rolling were solution treated at 504°C for 2 hours and tempered at 190°C for 12 hours.

[0054] The mechanical properties obtained at half thickness in the longitudinal direction at 25° C. before and after ageing are given in Table 2 in MPa.

[0055] [Table 2]

[0056] In Figure 1 the variation of the rupture strength as a function of the duration of ageing at 150°C is shown. The products intended for use according to the invention have a rupture strength R that exceeds that of the reference product before ageing and exceeds that of most of the other alloys after 1000 hours at 150°C. m After aging for 3000 hours, the product intended for use according to the invention has a mechanical strength R that exceeds that of Alloy F, an AA2618 alloy known for its high temperature properties. m It has.

[0057] Creep tests were carried out according to standard ASTM E139-06 at a temperature of 150°C and a stress of 285 MPa (Alloys C, E and F) and at a temperature of 150°C and a stress of 250 MPa (Alloys A, B and F). In particular, the duration required to reach a deformation of 0.35% was measured. The results are summarized in Table 3.

[0058] [Table 3]

[0059] The creep test performance of products intended for use according to the invention far exceeds that of a reference product for high temperature use (Product F) and also exceeds that of Products C and E.

[0060] Example 2 In this example, the yield strength R of a 10 mm thick rolled product of alloy B obtained by the method described in Example 1 as a function of ageing duration at 150°C is p0.2 The change in was compared with 10 mm thick rolled product of alloy B in temper T351. Data obtained for the T351 temper product after 8 hours at 190°C allows for an estimated ageing time of 233 hours at 150°C.

[0061] Equivalent time at 150°C t i is defined by Equation 1.

[0062]

number

[0063] In this equation, T (in Kelvin) is the instantaneous processing temperature of the metal, which varies with time t (in hours), and T ref is the reference temperature set at 423 K. iis expressed in hours. The constant Q / R = 16400 K was derived from the activation energy for Cu diffusion, and the value Q = 136100 J / mol was used. For the product in temper T851, the ageing was estimated for 233 hours by linear approximation from the value of 426 MPa obtained after 1000 hours.

[0064] The results are shown in Table 4.

[0065] [Table 4]

[0066] It is confirmed that the thermal stability of the product with temper T851 is far superior to that of the product with temper T351.

Claims

1. In weight percent, Cu: 3.6-4.4 Mg: 1.2-1.4 Mn: 0.5-0.8 Zr: 0.07-0.15 Ti:0.01~0.05 Si≦0.20 Fe≦0.20 Zn≦0.25 Inevitable impurities are less than 0.05 The rest is aluminum, Use of a wrought product of temper T8 made of an aluminum alloy having the composition 1. Use in applications where the product is kept at a temperature of 100°C to 250°C for a significant duration of at least 200 hours, wherein the wrought product has a breaking strength R m in the longitudinal direction of at least 490 MPa and a breaking strength R m of at least 475 MPa after ageing at 150°C for 1000 hours, the breaking strength R m being determined by a tensile test according to standard NF EN ISO 6892-1, the test direction and sampling being defined by standard EN 485-1, and the wrought product exhibits a duration required to reach a deformation of 0.35% during a creep test according to standard ASTM E139-06 at a temperature of 150°C and a stress of 250 MPa for at least 700 hours.

2. 2. Use according to claim 1, wherein Cu is at least equal to 3.9% by weight and / or Cu is at most 4.3% by weight.

3. 3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Mn content is between 0.51 and 0.65% by weight.

4. 4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein Zr is at least equal to 0.08% by weight.

5. 5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that when the wrought product is a profile, the thickness is defined according to standard EN 2066:2001, and the thickness of the wrought product is between 6 mm and 300 mm.

6. The expanded product has a breaking strength R of at least 495 MPa in the longitudinal direction. ｍ and has a breaking strength R of at least 480 MPa after aging at 150°C for 1000 hours. ｍ and the breaking strength R ｍ 6. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein is determined by tensile testing according to standard NF EN ISO 6892-1, the test direction and sampling being defined by standard EN 485-1.

7. 7. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the wrought product exhibits a duration required to reach a deformation of 0.35% during a creep test according to standard ASTM E139-06 at a temperature of 150°C and a stress of 250 MPa for at least 800 hours.

8. 8. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method for producing the expanded product comprises in succession: - preparation of a liquid metal bath to obtain an aluminum alloy of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, - casting of said alloys in the form of plates for rolling, billets for extrusion or steel stock for forging; - optional homogenization treatment of the product thus cast, reaching a temperature between 450°C and 520°C; - hot deformation of the product thus obtained, solution treatment of the product thus hot-deformed by a heat treatment making it possible to reach a temperature between 485°C and 520°C, for a period of between 15 minutes and 8 hours, followed by quenching, - cold deformation of the thus solution-treated and hardened products, - Tempering the product thus obtained to obtain temper T8, reaching a temperature between 160°C and 210°C for between 5 and 100 hours.

9. The use of any one of claims 1 to 8 in an application where the product is maintained at a temperature of 100°C to 200°C for a significant duration of at least 200 hours.

10. 10. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in structural parts or fastening means in the immediate vicinity of engines in the automotive or aerospace industry.

11. 10. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the application is in rotors or other parts of suction pumps such as vacuum pumps.

12. 10. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the application is in parts for blowers, such as boosters.

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