Stabilized Heat Transfer Compositions, Methods, and Systems

Abstract

To provide compositions having utility in heat exchange applications, including air conditioning and refrigeration applications.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to heat transfer compositions comprising refrigerant, lubricant and stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 10 wt.% to 100 wt.% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and wherein the lubricant comprises polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene and optionally but preferably an acid depleting moiety.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention provides compositions, methods and compositions that have utility in heat exchange applications, including air conditioning and refrigeration applications. In a particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a method and system for producing a refrigerant R-410A. The present invention relates to compositions useful in heat transfer systems of the type that may be used. , particularly as a replacement for refrigerant R-410A for heating and cooling applications, and By installing additional heat exchange systems, including systems designed for use with It is useful for [Background technology]

[0002] Mechanical refrigeration systems and heat pumps for industrial, commercial and domestic use and related heat transfer devices such as air conditioners are well known in the art. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are used as refrigerants for such systems. However, since the 1980s, the impact of CFCs on the stratospheric ozone layer has been In 1987, the phase-out of CFC products was announced. Many of the ideas in the Montreal Protocol to protect the global environment were put forward, setting a timetable for The government of Japan signed the agreement. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) replaced CFCs .

[0003] One of the most commonly used hydrochlorofluorocarbons is chlorodifluorocarbon. However, subsequent amendments to the Montreal Protocol The positive impact of this is to accelerate the phase-out of CFCs and to phase-out HCFCs, including HCFC-22. I scheduled it.

[0004] In response to the need for non-flammable, non-toxic alternatives to CFCs and HCFCs, the industry: Some hydrofluorocarbons have an ozone depletion potential of zero. HFCs were developed to reduce CO₂ emissions in air conditioning and refrigeration applications because they do not contribute to ozone depletion. R-410A (difluoromethane (HFC-32) and A 50:50 w / w blend of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) was employed. However, R-410A is not a drop-in replacement for R-22. The replacement of R-22 with R-410A is substantially less than that of R-410A compared to R-22. Heat exchangers, including compressor replacement and redesign to accommodate higher operating pressures and volumes This required the redesign of key components within the exchange system.

[0005] R-410A has a lower acceptable ozone depletion potential than R-22. However, its global warming potential is high at 2088, so it is not suitable for use with R-410A. Continued use is problematic. Therefore, R-410A is being replaced by more environmentally acceptable alternatives. There is a need in the art for a replacement for

[0006] As shown in Table 1, the EU has set a number of HFCs that can be sold commercially within the EU from 2015 onwards. Implemented F-gas regulations to limit H-gas sales in 2015 by 2030. Only 21% of the amount of FC will be available. Therefore, as a long-term solution, It is desirable to limit it to less than 427.

[0007] [Table 1] * The 2015 GWP levels are based on the 2012 UNEP data, which shows no growth rate increase. Based on research.

[0008] Alternative heat transfer fluids may be available that offer superior heat transfer properties, particularly those well suited to the needs of a particular application. (heat transfer properties compatible with the material), chemical stability, low or no toxicity, non-flammability, lubricant compatibility, and and / or possess a mosaic of difficult-to-achieve properties, including lubricant compatibility. It is understood in the art that any replacement for R-410A is desirable. Ideally, the operating conditions for R-410A should be adjusted to avoid system modifications or redesign. These requirements, many of which are unpredictable, are a good match. Developing a heat transfer fluid that satisfies all requirements is a major challenge.

[0009] Regarding efficiency of use, the loss of thermodynamic performance or energy efficiency of the refrigerant is equivalent to the loss of electrical energy. Note that increased demand for renewable energy may result in increased use of fossil fuels. Therefore, the use of such refrigerants has secondary negative impacts on the environment. This will happen.

[0010] Flammability is considered an important property for many heat transfer applications. When used in, the term "non-flammable" refers to ASTM Standard E-681-2009 S Standard Test Method for Concentration Li mits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors) and Gases) in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants and ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 A Refers to compounds or compositions that are judged to be non-flammable under the conditions described in Appendix B1. which is incorporated herein by reference and is referred to herein for convenience as the "Non-flammable Test "It is called "

[0011] The lubricant circulating in the vapor compression heat transfer system performs its intended lubricating function. The fact that the air is returned to the compressor before use is essential to maintaining system efficiency and ensuring proper operation of the compressor. It is very important to ensure that the lubricant does not build up and leak into the system, including in the heat transfer components. In addition, lubricant can accumulate on the inner surface of the evaporator. This reduces the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator, thereby reducing the efficiency of the system.

[0012] R-410A is a polyol ester (poly ester) at temperatures encountered during use in such systems. Because R-410A is miscible with polyethylene terephthalate (POE), it is currently being replaced by POE in air conditioning applications. However, R-410A is commonly used in low-temperature refrigeration systems. It is immiscible with POE at temperatures typically encountered during operation of gas and heat pump systems. Therefore, unless measures are taken to mitigate this incompatibility, POE and R-41 0A cannot be used in low temperature refrigeration or heat pump systems.

[0013] Applicants are developing a system for air conditioning applications, particularly rooftop air conditioning, variable refrigerant flow, In residential and commercial air conditioning applications, including VRF (Ventilated Flow) air conditioning and chiller air conditioning applications It is therefore desirable to provide a composition that can be used as a substitute for R-410A. Applicants also believe that the compositions, methods, and systems of the present invention can be used to, for example, In heat pump and low-temperature refrigeration systems, the temperatures that occur during the operation of these systems It has been realized that it has the advantage of eliminating the drawback of being immiscible with POE. . Summary of the Invention

[0014] The present invention can be used as a replacement for R-410A, and in a preferred embodiment , along with low Global Warming Potential (GWP) and near-zero ODP. It also has excellent heat transfer properties, chemical stability, low or no toxicity, non-flammability, lubricant compatibility, and The present invention provides a refrigerant composition that exhibits a mosaic of desirable properties of lubricant compatibility and lubricant compatibility.

[0015] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising about The lubricant contains 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), , polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or polyvinyl ether r, PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer includes alkylated naphthalene, the alkyl The alkylated naphthalene may be present in an amount of 1% to 10% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is present in the composition in an amount of less than 100 wt. %. For convenience, it may be referred to as Heat Transfer Composition 1.

[0016] As used herein in reference to percentages based on a list of specific compounds, "relative percentage" refers to a percentage of a compound that is a percentage of a specific compound. The term "percentage" means the percentage of a particular compound based on the total weight of the listed compounds.

[0017] As used herein in relation to weight percentages, the term "about" in relation to the amount of a particular ingredient The term means that the amount of a particular ingredient may vary in an amount of + / - 2% by weight.

[0018] In a heat transfer composition comprising a CF3I refrigerant and a lubricant comprising POE and / or PVE In connection with the use of stabilizers containing alkylated naphthalenes, applicants have The stabilizing effect of naphthalene is 1% by weight to 10% by weight based on the alkylated naphthalene and lubricant. less than 1.5% by weight to less than 8% by weight, or preferably 1.5% by weight to Beneficial and comparatively stabilizing effect outside the range of about 6% by weight, or preferably 1.5-5% by weight. We found that there is a critical range where the material is unexpectedly enhanced. The reason for this is that the stabilizing ability of alkylated naphthalenes is in the absence of other solutions as described below. If used in amounts greater than about 10% below this range, it may be undesirable for some applications. Furthermore, the present applicants have discovered that alkylated naphthalenes can be degraded to a certain extent. The stabilizing properties of amines, even when used in amounts less than 1%, may be desirable for some applications. The existence of this critical range is unexpected.

[0019] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising: The lubricant contains about 10% by weight to about 75% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), The lubricant is a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene; the alkylated naphthalene is an amount of 1% by weight to less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph will be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer This may be referred to as Composition 2.

[0020] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising: About 5% by weight to about 50% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32) and about 35% by weight to about 7 0% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and the lubricant is a polyol ester. Contains styrene (POE) lubricants and / or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricants, The stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is Present in the composition in an amount of 1% to less than 10% by weight based on the weight of the tar and lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is referred to herein for convenience as Heat Transfer Composition 3. There are cases where this happens.

[0021] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising: About 30% to about 50% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3 to 15% by weight of Trifluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroethane The lubricant consists essentially of methyl iodide (CF3I), and the lubricant contains polyol ester (P OE) lubricant and / or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer alkylated naphthalenes, the alkylated naphthalenes being alkylated naphthalenes and This paragraph is present in the composition in an amount of from 1% to less than 10% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to may be referred to herein for convenience as Heat Transfer Composition 4. .

[0022] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising: The lubricant contains about 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), Polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant The stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene , the composition in an amount of 1% by weight to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph will be referred to herein for convenience as Heat Transfer Composition 5. It is sometimes referred to as.

[0023] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising: The lubricant contains about 10% by weight to about 75% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), The lubricant is a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene; the alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph will be referred to herein for convenience as the heat transfer composition. It is sometimes called 6.

[0024] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising: About 5% by weight to about 50% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32) and about 35% by weight to about 7 0% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and the lubricant is a polyol ester. Contains styrene (POE) lubricants and / or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricants, The stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is It is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight, based on the weight of the tartar and lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to paragraph 7 may be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 7. be.

[0025] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising: About 30% to about 50% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3 to 15% by weight of Trifluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroethane The lubricant consists essentially of methyl iodide (CF3I), and the lubricant contains polyol ester (P OE) lubricant and / or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer alkylated naphthalenes, the alkylated naphthalenes being alkylated naphthalenes and The composition is present in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant. The heat transfer composition may be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 8.

[0026] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising: The lubricant contains about 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), Polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant The stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene The alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant are combined in an amount of 1.5% to 8% by weight. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph will be referred to herein for convenience as the heat transfer composition. It is sometimes referred to as Item 9.

[0027] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising: The lubricant contains about 10% by weight to about 75% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), The lubricant is a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene; the alkylated naphthalene in an amount of 1.5% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph will be referred to herein for convenience as the heat transfer composition. It may be referred to as Composition 10.

[0028] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising: The lubricant contains about 10% by weight to about 75% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), The lubricant is a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene; the alkylated naphthalene in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph will be referred to herein for convenience as the heat transfer composition. It is sometimes referred to as Composition 11.

[0029] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising: about 30% by weight to about 50% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32) and about 35% by weight to about The lubricant contains 70% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and the lubricant contains a polyol Contains polyvinyl ether (POE) lubricants and / or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricants, The stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, Present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight based on the weight of the phthalene and lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 12. This may be the case.

[0030] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising: About 30% to about 50% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3 to 15% by weight of Trifluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroethane The lubricant consists essentially of methyl iodide (CF3I), and the lubricant contains polyol ester (P OE) lubricant and / or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer alkylated naphthalenes, the alkylated naphthalenes being alkylated naphthalenes and It is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant. The heat transfer composition may be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 13. .

[0031] The present invention also includes any of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-13, wherein the stabilizer is as defined below. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph is essentially free of ADM as defined herein. For convenience, this composition may be referred to as heat transfer composition 13A.

[0032] The present invention also includes any of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-13, wherein the stabilizer is as defined below. The stabilizer is essentially free of ADM as defined in this paragraph and further comprises BHT. This heat transfer composition may be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 13B. do.

[0033] The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant The wet composition contains about 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), The lubricant is a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. The stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene and an acid-depleted moiety. The resulting heat transfer composition may be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 14. .

[0034] As used herein, "acid depleted portion" (for convenience herein, "ADM" The term CF3I (sometimes referred to as CF3I) refers to a compound containing CF3I with a concentration of about 10% by weight or more (the percentage being the thermal (based on the weight of all refrigerants in the heat transfer composition) When used in combination with a heat transfer composition, the acid moieties that would otherwise be present in the heat transfer composition are substantially reduced. As used herein, heat transfer compounds refer to compounds or radicals that have the effect of The term "substantially reduced" as used with respect to acid moieties in a composition means that the acid moieties are reduced to a lesser extent. resulting in a decrease in TAN value (as defined below) of at least about 10 relative percent. This means that the amount of

[0035] In connection with the use of stabilizers, including alkylated naphthalenes and ADM, Applicants Certain materials contain or consist essentially of alkylated naphthalene stabilizers. It has been found that the performance of stabilizers can be substantially and unexpectedly enhanced. Applicants have discovered that certain materials contain CF3I, including any of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention. Applicants have found that this can aid in the depletion of acid moieties in heat transfer compositions having By formulating the heat transfer composition with ADM, at least one alkyl group according to the present invention can be obtained. provides unexpected and synergistic enhancement to the stability function of methylated naphthalene stabilizers The reason for this synergistic effect is not understood with any certainty, but Without being bound by or to any theory of operation, the alkylated naphthalene stabilizers of the present invention The stabilizer stabilizes the free radicals formed from the CF3I in the refrigerant of the present invention. This stabilizing effect is at least somewhat reduced in the presence of acid moieties. As a result, the presence of the ADM of the present invention is believed to stabilize the alkylated naphthalene. This allows the agents to have unexpected and synergistically enhanced effects. This explains the poor performance observed at relatively high concentrations of alkylated naphthalenes (i.e., about 10%). The above-mentioned drawbacks can be neutralized by incorporating ADM into the heat transfer composition (or into the stabilized lubricant). We found that this is the case.

[0036] Thus, the present invention includes stabilizers that include alkylated naphthalenes and ADM. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein for convenience as Stabilizer 1.

[0037] The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising from about 40% to about 99.9% by weight of an aluminum alloy, based on the weight of the stabilizer. Also included are stabilizers, including alkylated naphthalene and 0.05% to about 50% by weight of ADM. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein for convenience as Stabilizer 2.

[0038] The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising from about 50% to about 99.9% by weight of an aluminum alloy, based on the weight of the stabilizer. The composition also contains stabilizers, including alkylated naphthalene and 0.1% to about 50% by weight of ADM. The stabilizer according to paragraph 1 may be referred to herein for convenience as stabilizer 3.

[0039] The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising about 100% alkyl naphthalene and about 100% ADM based on the weight of the alkyl naphthalene and ADM in the stabilizer. 40% to about 95% by weight of alkylated naphthalene and 5% to about 30% by weight of ADM The stabilizer according to this paragraph will be referred to herein for convenience as the stabilizer It is sometimes called 4.

[0040] The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising about 100% alkyl naphthalene and about 100% ADM based on the weight of the alkyl naphthalene and ADM in the stabilizer. comprising 40% by weight to about 95% alkylated naphthalene and 5% by weight to about 20% ADM; The stabilizer according to this paragraph is referred to herein for convenience as stabilizer 5. This may be the case.

[0041] The present invention also relates to a refrigerant, a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and a stabilizer 1, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 5 wt.% The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph contains up to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The composition may be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 15 .

[0042] The present invention also relates to a refrigerant, a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 5 wt.% The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph contains up to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The composition may be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 16 .

[0043] The present invention also relates to a refrigerant, a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and a stabilizer 4, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 5 wt.% The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph contains up to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The composition may be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 17 .

[0044] The present invention also relates to a refrigerant, a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and a stabilizer 1, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 20 wt. % to about 75% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The composition may be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 18 .

[0045] The present invention also relates to a refrigerant, a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 20 wt. % to about 75% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The composition may be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 19.

[0046] The present invention also relates to a refrigerant, a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and a stabilizer 4, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 20 wt. % to about 75% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The composition may be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 20 .

[0047] The present invention also relates to a refrigerant, a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 5% by weight to about 10% by weight of a heat transfer composition. About 50% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32) and about 35% to about 70% by weight of The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph includes trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). For convenience, it may be referred to as heat transfer composition 21 in the specification.

[0048] The present invention also relates to a refrigerant, a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 5 wt.% about 50% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32) and about 35% by weight to about 70% by weight of The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph comprises trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). For convenience, it may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 22.

[0049] The present invention also relates to a refrigerant, a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and a stabilizer 4, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 5 wt.% about 50% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32) and about 35% by weight to about 70% by weight of The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph comprises trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). For convenience, it may be referred to as heat transfer composition 23 in the specification.

[0050] refrigerants, lubricants including POE lubricants and / or polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricants; and stabilizer 1, wherein the refrigerant is about 30% by weight to about 50% by weight of difluoromethanone. fluoroethane (HFC-32), 3 to 15% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and About 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The resulting heat transfer composition may be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer composition 24. .

[0051] The present invention also relates to a refrigerant, a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 30 wt. % to about 50% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3 to 15% by weight of pentafluoromethane Iodine-containing fluoroisothiazolinone (HFC-125), and about 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (TFI). Heat transfer compositions according to this paragraph will be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer compositions. This may be referred to as the "received composition 25."

[0052] The present invention also relates to a refrigerant, a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and a stabilizer 3, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 30 wt. % to about 50% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3 to 15% by weight of pentafluoromethane Iodine-containing fluoroisothiazolinone (HFC-125), and about 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (TFI). Heat transfer compositions according to this paragraph will be referred to herein for convenience as heat transfer compositions. This may be referred to as the delivery composition 26.

[0053] The present invention also provides (a) a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention containing each of Stabilizers 1 to 5. nothing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0054] Definition: For purposes of this invention, the term "about" in reference to temperatures in degrees Celsius (°C) means that the stated temperature is + In a preferred embodiment, the term "about" is used to mean that the temperature may vary by an amount of about 1 / 2 to about 5°C. The determined temperature is preferably + / - 2°C, more preferably + / - 1°C, even more preferably + / - 1°C of the specified temperature. Preferably + / - 0.5°C.

[0055] The term "capacity" refers to the amount of cooling provided by the refrigerant in a refrigeration system (B TU / hr), which is the enthalpy of the refrigerant as it passes through the evaporator (BTU / lb ) multiplied by the mass flow rate of the refrigerant. The enthalpy is The capacity of a cooling system can be determined by measuring the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant. The capacity of a refrigerant is related to its ability to maintain the area it is placed in at a specific temperature. represents the amount of heating and is a function of the compressor's ability to deliver the amount of heat for a given volumetric flow rate of refrigerant. In other words, given a particular compressor, a refrigerant with a higher capacity will It will provide more cooling or heating power.

[0056] The term "coefficient of performance" (hereinafter referred to as "COP (coefficient of performance)") means The relative thermodynamic behavior of refrigerants in a particular heating or cooling cycle involving evaporation or condensation of the refrigerant. It is a widely accepted measure of refrigerant performance that is particularly useful for expressing efficiency. This term refers to the effective cooling ratio of the energy applied by the compressor during the compression of the vapor. It represents the ratio of storage or cooling capacity and therefore the ratio of the heat transfer fluid, such as a refrigerant, to the volumetric flow rate. represents the ability of a given compressor to deliver a given amount of heat. In other words, considering a particular compressor, A refrigerant with a higher COP will provide more cooling or heating power. One means of estimating the COP of a refrigerant at operating conditions is to calculate the COP for a standard refrigeration cycle. from the thermodynamic properties of refrigerants using analytical techniques (e.g., RCDowning, FLUOROCARBON REF, incorporated herein by reference. RIGERANTS HANDBOOK,Chapter 3,Prentice-Ha ll, 1988).

[0057] The phrase "discharge temperature" refers to the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor. The advantage of this is that it operates on the thermal protection aspects of the system, which are preferably designed to protect the compressor components. It allows the use of existing equipment without increasing the cost, and high-performance liquid injection to lower the discharge temperature The aim is to avoid the use of expensive control devices.

[0058] The term "global warming potential" (hereinafter "GWP") refers to the contribution of various gases to global warming. It was developed to make it possible to compare the effects of one ton of a gas on the How much energy does an emission use over a given period of time compared to the emission of one tonne of carbon dioxide? The higher the GWP, the more energy a given gas absorbs compared to CO2. This will warm the Earth more over that period. GWP is calculated by adding together the emissions estimates of different gases that an analyst might use. provides a common measure that allows for: See www.epa.gov

[0059] "Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP)" The phrase refers to the contribution that air conditioning and refrigeration systems make to global warming over the course of their lifespan. The LCCP is a method by which the direct effects of refrigerant emissions and the impact of system Energy consumption used to operate the system, energy consumption to manufacture the system This includes the direct effects of refrigerant emissions, as well as the indirect effects of transporting and safely disposing of the system. The actual impact is obtained from the GWP value of the refrigerant. For indirect emissions, the measured refrigerant properties are used. The LCCP is calculated using the following equations: and Equation 2. Equation 1 is: Direct emissions = refrigerant charge (kg) x (annual leakage rate) × product life + end of product life losses) × GWP. This is calculated using Equation 1: power consumption x product life x CO2 emissions per kW-hr of power production. The direct emissions, as calculated by Equation 2, and the indirect emissions, as calculated by Equation 2, are added together. The LCCP is brought about by the National Renewable Laboratories. Generated by ory and BinMaker® Pro version 4 software The analysis will use TMY2 and TMY3 data available in Australia. Panel (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) Assessment Report 4 (Ass The GWP values ​​reported in the Assessment Report 4, AR4 (2007) were used for the calculation. The LCCP is the mass of carbon dioxide released over the life of an air conditioning or refrigeration system. (kg-CO 2eq )

[0060] The term "mass flow rate" is the mass of refrigerant passing through a conduit per unit time.

[0061] The term "Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL)" is used by the ASH RAE Standard 34-2016 Designation and Saf Determined in accordance with the ety Classification of Refrigerants will be done.

[0062] As used herein, a particular refrigerant of the present invention is a "replacement for" a particular prior refrigerant. The term "alternative to" in reference to a heat transfer composition or refrigerant has hitherto been used in conjunction with its predecessor. Use of the specified compositions of this invention in heat transfer systems commonly used with refrigerants Examples include residential and commercial air conditioning (rooftop systems, variable refrigerant flow) systems previously designed for R410A, including VRF systems and chiller systems. In heat transfer systems that have been commonly used with R410A and / or R410A When using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention, the refrigerant of the present invention is It is a substitute for R410A.

[0063] The phrase "thermodynamic glide" refers to the phase change in an evaporator or condenser at constant pressure. Applied to non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures with varying temperatures during the process.

[0064] The phrase "thermodynamic glide" refers to the phase change in an evaporator or condenser at constant pressure. Applied to non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures with varying temperatures during the process.

[0065] As used herein, the term "TAN value" refers to the thermal conductivity of a material with accelerated aging. ASHRAE Standard 9 for simulating long-term stability of the resulting composition 7- “Sealed Glass Tube Method to Test the Chemical Stability of Materials for Use Total acid number determined in accordance with "within Refrigerant Systems" Point.

[0066] Heat Transfer Composition Applicants disclose a method for preparing a heat transfer composition comprising the steps of: The heat transfer composition of the present invention is particularly suitable as a replacement for R-410A, especially for conventional 41 0A residential air conditioning system and conventional R-410A commercial air conditioning system (conventional R-410 A rooftop system, a conventional R-410A variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system, and a conventional When used in R-410A cooler systems, including those in It has been found that the present invention can provide stability and non-flammability during use.

[0067] As used herein, reference to Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26 includes Heat Transfer Composition 13A. and 13B.

[0068] The unique advantages of the refrigerants contained in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention were demonstrated when tested according to the Non-flammability Test. As mentioned above, various systems are being used as replacements for R-410A. It can be used in systems and has excellent heat transfer properties, low environmental impact (especially low GWP and Contains almost zero ODP), excellent chemical stability, low or no toxicity, and / or lubrication It is an object of the present invention to provide refrigerants and heat transfer compositions that are compatible with refrigerants and that remain non-flammable in use. This desirable advantage is realized by the refrigerant and heat transfer compositions of the present invention. This can be achieved by:

[0069] Preferably, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are More than 40% by weight, or more than 70% by weight, or more than 80% by weight, or more than 90% by weight of the composition Contains more than 0% refrigerant.

[0070] Preferably, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1 to 26, are used in combination with refrigerants, lubricants, and the like. It consists essentially of a lubricant and a stabilizer.

[0071] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention preferably have the enhanced stability provided in accordance with the present invention. To enhance or provide certain functionality to the composition without impairing its functionality, Other ingredients may be included. Such other ingredients or additives include dyes, solubilizers, compatibilizers, Co-stabilizers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, and anti-wear additives may be included.

[0072] Stabilizers: Alkylated Naphthalene Applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly found that alkylated naphthalenes are the preferred compounds of the present invention. It has been found to be very effective as a stabilizer for heat transfer compositions. In the present case, the term "alkylated naphthalene" refers to a compound having the structure:

[0073] [ka] In the formula, each of R1 to R8 is independently selected from a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, and hydrogen. The specific length of the alkyl chain, as well as mixtures or branched and straight chains and hydrogens, are selected from: These variations can be made within the scope of the present invention, and such variations may be made by changing the physical properties of the alkylated naphthalene. Those skilled in the art will recognize and understand that the viscosity of the alkylated compound is reflected in its mechanical properties, particularly the viscosity of the alkylated compound. Manufacturers of such materials may use a description of such properties in lieu of specifying a particular R group. A substance is often defined by referring to one or more of these.

[0074] Applicants have discovered that unexpected, surprising and advantageous results have been obtained with the present invention, which has the following characteristics: The results suggest that alkylated naphthalenes can be used as stabilizers in The alkylated naphthalene compounds having the desired properties are shown in columns 1 to 5 of the table below, respectively. Thus, for convenience in this specification, alkylated naphthalene 1 (or AN1) to alkylated It is called naphthalene 5 (or AN5).

[0075] [Table 2]

[0076] As used herein, viscosity refers to viscosity at 40°C measured according to ASTM D467. When used herein, the term "about" means + / - 4 cSt.

[0077] As used herein, refers to viscosity at 100°C measured according to ASTM D467 When used, the term "about" means + / - 0.4 cSt.

[0078] As used herein in reference to pour point as measured in accordance with ASTM D97 The term "about" means + / - 5°C.

[0079] Applicants also discovered that unexpected, surprising, and advantageous results were obtained with the present invention having the following properties: This finding leads to the use of alkylated naphthalenes as stabilizers according to the invention. The alkylated naphthalene compounds having the indicated properties are listed in columns 6-10 of the table below, respectively. As shown in the figure, for convenience in this specification, alkylated naphthalene 6 (or AN6) to alkyl It is called acetalized naphthalene 10 (or AN10).

[0080] [Table 3]

[0081] Alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 1 and alkylated naphthalene 6 An example of a phthalene is NA-LUBE, a trade name of King Industries. KR-007A, KR-008, KR-009, KR-015, KR-019, KR-0 These are sold as KR-05FG, KR-015FG, and KR-029FG. can be.

[0082] Alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 2 and alkylated naphthalene 7 An example of a phthalene is NA-LUBE, a trade name of King Industries. Sold as KR-007A, KR-008, KR-009, and KR-005FG Some of the things that are mentioned are:

[0083] Alkylation within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 5 and alkylated naphthalene 10 An example of naphthalene is the NA-LUBE branded product by King Industries. One example is a product sold as KR-008.

[0084] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, The naphthalene nitrate is AN1.

[0085] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, The naphthalene nitrate is AN2.

[0086] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, The naphthalene nitrate is AN3.

[0087] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, The naphthalene nitrate is AN4.

[0088] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, The naphthalene nitrate is AN5.

[0089] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, The naphthalene nitrate is AN6.

[0090] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, The naphthalene nitrate is AN7.

[0091] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, The naphthalene nitrate is AN8.

[0092] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, The naphthalene nitrate is AN9.

[0093] The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, The naphthalene nitrate is AN10.

[0094] Acid Depleting Moiety (ADM) Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to determine, without undue experimentation, the various ADMs that are useful in accordance with the present invention. and all such ADMs are within the scope of this specification.

[0095] Epoxide Applicants have discovered that epoxides, particularly alkylated epoxides, are alkylated naphthalene anhydrides. When used in combination with a stabilizing agent, it produces the enhanced stability discussed herein. The applicants have found that this is effective in reducing the amount of hydroxybenzoates present in the hydroxybenzoates. However, the stems that enhance this synergistic effect are effective as ADMs in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention. It is believed to be at least partly due to its function.

[0096] In a preferred embodiment, the epoxide is reacted with an acid to form a ring-opening reaction product. and thereby depleting the acid system without adversely affecting the system. do.

[0097] Useful epoxides include aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, and alkenyl epoxides. epoxides.

[0098] Preferred epoxides include those of Formula I:

[0099] [ka] In the formula, at least one of R1 to R4 is a group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms (C2 to C15 ) is selected from acyclic groups, C2 to C15 aliphatic groups, and C2 to C15 ethers. The resulting epoxide may be referred to herein for convenience as ADM1.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment, at least one of R1-R4 in formula I has the following structure: is an ether having the structure

[0101] [ka] In the formula, each of R5 and R6 is independently a C1 to C14 straight or branched chain, preferably Epoxides according to this paragraph are referred to herein for convenience as AD It is sometimes called M2.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment, one of R1-R4 in formula I has the following structure: It is ether,

[0103] [ka] In the formula, each of R5 and R6 is independently a C1 to C14 straight or branched chain, preferably The remaining three of R1 to R4 are H. The epoxide may be referred to herein for convenience as ADM3.

[0104] In a preferred embodiment, the epoxide is 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether An epoxide according to this paragraph is one that comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of For convenience in the specification, it may be referred to as ADM4.

[0105] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, The composition comprises AN1 and ADM1.

[0106] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, The composition includes AN5 and ADM1.

[0107] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, The composition includes AN10 and ADM1.

[0108] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, The composition includes AN1 and ADM4.

[0109] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, The composition includes AN5 and ADM4.

[0110] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, The composition includes AN10 and ADM4.

[0111] The present invention is AN2 or AN3 or AN4 or AN6 or AN7 or AN8 or AN9 and ADM1, each of the heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26 herein. The heat transfer composition includes:

[0112] The present invention is AN2 or AN3 or AN4 or AN5 or AN6 or AN7 or AN8 or AN9 or AN10 and ADM2, respectively. and 14-26.

[0113] The present invention is AN2 or AN3 or AN4 or AN5 or AN6 or AN7 or AN8 or AN9 or AN10 and ADM3, respectively. and 14-26.

[0114] The present invention is AN2 or AN3 or AN4 or AN6 or AN7 or AN8 or AN9 and ADM4, each of the heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26 herein. The heat transfer composition includes:

[0115] The heat transfer composition of the present invention, wherein the ADM comprises each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26. When present, alkylated naphthalenes are preferably present in an amount of from 0.01% to about 10%, or It is present in an amount of about 1.5% to about 4.5%, or about 2.5% to about 3.5%, and these amounts are The weight percentages are based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and refrigerant in the system.

[0116] The heat transfer composition of the present invention, wherein the ADM comprises each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26. When present, alkylated naphthalenes are preferably present in an amount of from 0.1% to about 20%, or about It is present in an amount of 1.5% to about 10%, or 1.5% to about 8%, and these amounts are determined by the amount of the soluble solids in the system. The weight percentages are based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and refrigerant.

[0117] Carbodiimide The ADM may comprise a carbodiimide. In a preferred embodiment, the carbodiimide includes compounds having the following structure:

[0118] [ka]

[0119] Other stabilizers A stabilizer other than alkylated naphthalene and ADM is added to each of heat transfer compositions 1-26. It is contemplated that other stabilizers may be included in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including: The following explains this.

[0120] phenolic compounds In a preferred embodiment, the stabilizer further comprises a phenolic compound.

[0121] The phenolic compound is 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol). phenol); 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'- 2,2- or 4,4-bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Phenyldiol; Derivatives of 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol; 2,2'-Methyl 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tertbutylphenol); Methyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 4,4-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6 -tert-butylphenol; 4,4-isopropylidenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); t-Butylphenol; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol) );2,2'-Isobutylidenebis(4,6-dimethylphenol);2,2'-Methyl Bis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol); 2,6-di-tert-butyl -4-methylphenol (BHT); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Sulfa-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N '-Dimethylaminomethylphenol; 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) t-Butylphenol; 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide;Bis(3 ,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, Hydroquinone, 2,2'6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenyl one or more selected from phenol, and t-butylhydroquinone, and preferably BHT It can be the above compound.

[0122] Phenolic compounds, especially BHT, in an amount greater than 0, preferably 0.0001% by weight to about 5% by weight, preferably 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight, more preferably 0.01 The heat transfer composition may be provided in an amount of from about 1% to about 1% by weight. The fractions refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

[0123] Phenolic compounds, especially BHT, in an amount greater than 0, preferably 0.0001% by weight to about 5% by weight, preferably 0.001% to about 2.5% by weight, more preferably 0.01 The heat transfer composition may be provided in an amount of from about 1% to about 1% by weight. In each case, the weight percentage refers to the weight based on the weight of the lubricant in the heat transfer composition.

[0124] The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising from about 40% by weight to about 100% by weight of all stabilizer components in the composition. 95% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (including each of AN1 to AN10) and 0.1 to about 1 0% by weight of BHT. For convenience, it may be referred to as a stabilizer 6.

[0125] The present invention also provides a composition comprising from about 40% to about 95% of the total stabilizer components in the composition by weight. % of alkylated naphthalenes (including each of AN1 to AN10), and 5% by weight to about 30% by weight % ADM (including each of ADM1 to ADM4), 0.1 to about 10 wt. % BHT, The stabilizer according to this paragraph will be referred to herein for convenience as the stabilizer It is sometimes called 7.

[0126] The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, The resulting composition includes a stabilizer 6. The present invention relates to heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14- 26, and the heat transfer composition includes a stabilizer 7.

[0127] The present invention includes each of the heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, which comprise AN1 and BHT. The present invention relates to heat transfer compositions 1 to 3 of the present invention, which comprise AN5 and BHT. 26, each of which includes a heat transfer composition.

[0128] The present invention includes each of the heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, which include AN10 and BHT. The heat transfer composition includes:

[0129] The present invention relates to heat transfer compositions 1-13 herein, including AN5, ADM4, and BHT. and heat transfer compositions including each of 14 to 26.

[0130] The present invention relates to heat transfer compositions 1-1 of the present invention, which comprise AN10, ADM4, and BHT. 3 and 14-26.

[0131] Diene Compounds The diene compound is a C3 to C15 diene and any two or more C3 to C4 dienes. Preferably, the diene compound is an allyl ether. , propadiene, butadiene, isoprene, and terpenes. The ene compounds are preferably terpenes, including terpenes, retinal, geraniol, ethanol, terpinene, delta-3 carene, terpinolene, phellandrene, fencene, Lucene, farnesene, pinene, nerol, citral, camphor, menthol, limonene , nerolidol, phytol, carnosic acid, and vitamin A1. Not specified. Preferably, the stabilizer is farnesene. Preferred Terpene Stabilizers No. 6,239,999, filed Dec. 12, 2004, which is incorporated herein by reference. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 6, published as Application Publication No. 2006 / 0167044(A1) This is disclosed in patent application Ser. No. 0 / 638,003.

[0132] Additionally, the diene compound is present in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001% by weight to about 5% by weight. % by weight, preferably 0.001% by weight to about 2.5% by weight, more preferably 0.01% by weight The heat transfer composition may be provided in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 1% by weight. In each case, the weight percentage is , refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

[0133] Phosphorus compounds The phosphorus compound may be a phosphorous compound or a phosphate compound. The phosphate compounds may be diaryl, dialkyl, triaryl, and / or trialkyl Phosphites and / or mixed aryl / alkyl di- or tri-substituted phosphites phosphites, especially hindered phosphites, tris-(di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphites Di-n-octyl phosphite, iso-octyl diphenyl phosphite, iso Decyldiphenylphosphite, tri-iso-decylphosphate, triphenylphosphine one or more compounds selected from diphenyl phosphite and diphenyl phosphite, in particular diphenyl It may be a phosphite.

[0134] The phosphate compounds include triaryl phosphate, trialkyl phosphate, alkyl Monoacid phosphates, aryl diacid phosphates, amine phosphates, preferably triacid phosphates Aryl phosphates and / or trialkyl phosphates, especially tri-n-butyl phosphates It can be fete.

[0135] The phosphorus compound is present in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, or 0.001% by weight to about 2.5% by weight, more preferably 0.01% by weight to about 1% by weight In each case, the amount by weight of the heat transfer composition may be Refers to the weight of an object.

[0136] Nitrogen compounds When the stabilizer is a nitrogen compound, the stabilizer is diphenylamine, p-phenylene Diamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylamine, triisopropylamine one or more secondary or tertiary amines selected from the group consisting of butylamine and triisobutylamine; The amine-based compounds may include amine antioxidants, such as substituted amines. Piperidine compounds, i.e., alkyl-substituted piperidyls, piperidinyls, piperazinones, or alkyloxypiperidinyl derivatives, in particular 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl Peridone, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol; Bis-(1,2,2, 6,6-Pentamethylpiperidyl)sebacate;Di(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4 -piperidyl) sebacate, Poly(N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethicone alkylated paraphenylenediamines, e.g. For example, N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethyl-butyl)-p-phenylenediamine or N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, and hydroxylamine , for example, tallow amine, methylbistallow amine, and bistallow amine, or phenol- alpha-naphthylamine, or Tinuvin® 765 (Ciba), BLS® 1944 (Mayzo Inc.) and BLS® 1770 (Mayzo Inc.). For this purpose, the amine compounds may also be alkyldiphenylamines such as bis(nonylphenylamine). Dialkylamines such as dialkylamine, (N-(1-methylethyl)-2-propylamine, etc. , or phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine (PANA), alkyl-phenyl-alpha One of phenyl-naphthylamine (APANA) and bis(nonylphenyl)amine Preferably, the amine compound is phenyl-alpha-naphthyl amine. amine (PANA), alkyl-phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine (APANA), and bis(nonylphenyl)amine, more preferably phenyl-alpha It is phenyl naphthylamine (PANA).

[0137] Alternatively, or in addition to the nitrogen compounds identified above, dinitrobenzene, nitrobenzene benzene, nitromethane, nitrosobenzene, and TEMPO [(2,2,6,6-tetramethylbenzene)] and (ethyl piperidin-1-yl)oxyl] as a stabilizer. It may also be used.

[0138] The nitrogen compounds are present in amounts greater than 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, preferably 0. Heat transfer agents in an amount of 0.01% to about 2.5% by weight, more preferably 0.01% to about 1% by weight. In each case, the weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition. Point.

[0139] Isobutylene Isobutylene may also be used as a stabilizer according to the present invention.

[0140] Additional Stabilizer Compositions The present invention also relates to alkylated naphthalenes including each of AN1 to AN10, and alkylated naphthalenes including ADM1 to ADM2. Also provided is a stabilizer consisting essentially of ADM, including each of ADM4, and phenol. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein for convenience as stabilizer 8.

[0141] The present invention also relates to alkylated naphthalenes including each of AN1 to AN10, and alkylated naphthalenes including ADM1 to ADM2. Also provided is a stabilizer comprising an ADM, including each of ADM4, and phosphate. The stabilizer according to may be referred to as stabilizer 9 for convenience herein.

[0142] The present invention also relates to alkylated naphthalenes including each of AN1 to AN10, and alkylated naphthalenes including ADM1 to ADM2. ADM containing each of ADM4 and a combination of phosphate and phenol A stabilizer according to this paragraph is referred to herein for convenience as stabilizer 10. It may be called.

[0143] The present invention also provides an antibacterial agent comprising each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight. alkylated naphthalene and about 0.5% by weight to about 25% by weight of each of ADM1 to ADM4 and an ADM comprising phosphate, phenol, and and an additional stabilizer selected from these combinations, The amount percentages are based on the total weight of the stabilizer. For convenience, it may be referred to as a stabilizer 11.

[0144] The present invention also provides an antibacterial agent comprising each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount of about 70% to about 95% by weight. alkylated naphthalene and each of ADM1-ADM4 in an amount of about 0.5% by weight to about 15% by weight. ADM containing phosphate, phenol, and the like in an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 25% by weight. and an additional stabilizer selected from the combination of: The percentages are based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is referred to herein for convenience. , sometimes referred to as stabilizer 12.

[0145] The present invention also relates to alkylated naphthalenes including each of AN1 to AN10, and alkylated naphthalenes including ADM1 to ADM2. Also provided is a stabilizer consisting essentially of ADM, including each of ADM4, and BHT. The stabilizer from the drop may be referred to as stabilizer 13 for convenience in this specification.

[0146] The present invention also relates to alkylated naphthalenes including each of AN1 to AN10, and alkylated naphthalenes including ADM1 to ADM2. Also provided is a stabilizer comprising ADM, including each of ADM4, and BHT. The stabilizer may be referred to herein for convenience as stabilizer 14.

[0147] The present invention also relates to alkylated naphthalenes including each of AN1 to AN10, and alkylated naphthalenes including ADM1 to ADM2. A stabilizer consisting essentially of ADM, including each of ADM4, BHT, and phosphate. The stabilizer according to this paragraph is referred to herein for convenience as stabilizer 15. This may be the case.

[0148] The present invention also relates to alkylated naphthalenes including each of AN1 to AN10, and alkylated naphthalenes including ADM1 to ADM2. Also provided are stabilizers consisting of ADM, BHT, and phosphate, each of which contains ADM4. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein for convenience as stabilizer 16. be.

[0149] The present invention also provides an antibacterial agent comprising each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight. alkylated naphthalene and about 0.5% by weight to about 10% by weight of each of ADM1 to ADM4 and a stabilizer comprising BHT in an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 50% by weight. The weight percentages are based on the total weight of the stabilizer. For convenience, it may be referred to as a stabilizer 17 in the specification.

[0150] The present invention also provides an antibacterial agent comprising each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount of about 70% to about 95% by weight. alkylated naphthalene and about 0.5% by weight to about 10% by weight of each of ADM1 to ADM4 and a stabilizer comprising BHT in an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 25% by weight. The weight percentages are based on the total weight of the stabilizer. For convenience, it may be referred to as a stabilizer 18 in the specification.

[0151] The present invention also provides an antibacterial agent comprising each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight. and about 5% by weight to about 25% by weight of each of ADM1 to ADM4. ADM containing 1% to about 55% by weight of BHT, phosphate, and combinations thereof. and a third stabilizer compound selected from the group consisting of: The stabilizer according to this paragraph is referred to herein for convenience as stabilizer. It is sometimes called a stabilizer 19.

[0152] The present invention also provides an antibacterial agent comprising each of AN1 to AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight. and about 5% by weight to about 25% by weight of each of ADM1 to ADM4. and BHT in an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 5% by weight, The weight percentages are based on the total weight of the stabilizer. For convenience, it may be referred to as a stabilizer 20 .

[0153] The stabilizers of the present invention, including each of Stabilizers 1-20, are used in Heat Transfer Compositions 1-13 and 14. Any of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention may be used, including any of the compounds of formula (I) to (II).

[0154] The stabilizers of the present invention, including each of Stabilizers 1-6, also comprise Heat Transfer Compositions 13A and 13B. It can also be used in either B.

[0155] lubricant Generally, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, are prepared using a POE lubricant. and / or a PVE lubricant, the lubricant preferably comprising, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition: , about 0.1% by weight to about 5%, or 0.1% by weight to about 1% by weight, or 0.1% by weight to about 0. It is present in an amount of 5% by weight.

[0156] POE lubricant The POE lubricant of the present invention comprises, in a preferred embodiment, a neopentyl POE lubricant. As used herein, the term neopentyl POE lubricant means a neopentyl Polyol (preferably pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, or neopentane) glycol, and in higher viscosity preferred embodiments, dipentaerythritol) and a polyol ester (POE) derived from the reaction between a linear or branched carboxylic acid. Point.

[0157] Commercially available POEs include Emery 2917® and Hatcol 23 Neopentyl glycol dipelargonate available as 70®, as well as CP Product name Emkarate RL32- by I Fluid Engineering Pentaerythritol, such as those sold as 3MAF and Emkarate RL68H Examples include thritol derivatives: Emkarate RL32-3MAF and Emkar ATE RL68H is a preferred neopentyl POE lubricant having the properties specified below. It is a drug.

[0158] [Table 4]

[0159] Other useful esters include phosphate esters, dibasic acid esters, and fluoroesters. Contains rules.

[0160] Viscosity at 40°C measured according to ASTM D445: approximately 30 cSt to approximately 70 cS and a viscosity of about 5 cSt to about 10 cSt measured at 100°C according to ASTM D445 A lubricant consisting essentially of POE at 1000 kJ / g is referred to herein as Lubricant 1.

[0161] Viscosity at 40°C measured according to ASTM D467: approximately 30 cSt to approximately 70 cS The lubricant consisting essentially of neopentyl POE is referred to as Lubricant 2 for convenience.

[0162] In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-26, are , containing POE lubricant.

[0163] In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-26, are , including a lubricant consisting essentially of a POE lubricant.

[0164] In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-26, are , including a lubricant consisting of a POE lubricant.

[0165] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes item 1.

[0166] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes item 2.

[0167] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes item 3.

[0168] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes item 4.

[0169] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes item 5.

[0170] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes item 6.

[0171] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes item 7.

[0172] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes item 8.

[0173] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes item 9.

[0174] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 10 items.

[0175] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 11 items.

[0176] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 12 items.

[0177] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 13 items.

[0178] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes item 13A.

[0179] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes item 13B.

[0180] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 14 items.

[0181] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 15 items.

[0182] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 16 items.

[0183] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 17 items.

[0184] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 18 items.

[0185] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 19 items.

[0186] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 20 items.

[0187] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 21 items.

[0188] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes item 22.

[0189] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 23 items.

[0190] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 24 items.

[0191] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 25 items.

[0192] A preferred heat transfer composition is a heat transfer composition wherein the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and / or Lubricant 2. Includes 26 items.

[0193] PVE lubricant The lubricants of the present invention may generally comprise a PVE lubricant. The PVE lubricant is a PVE according to Formula II:

[0194] [ka] In the formula, R2 and R3 each independently represent a C1 to C10 hydrocarbon, preferably a C2 to C 8 hydrocarbon, and R1 and R4 are each independently an alkyl, alkylene glycol, or polyoxyalkylene glycol units, and n and m are preferably selected from the group consisting of methyl, ... The n and m are preferably selected to obtain a lubricant having the desired properties according to the requirements. A lubricant having a viscosity of about 30 to about 70 cSt at 40°C measured in accordance with STM D467 The PVE lubricant described immediately above is conveniently referred to as Lubricant 3. Commercially available polyvinyl ethers include FVC32D and FVC32D from Idemitsu. Examples of lubricants sold as FVC68D include FVC68D and FVC68D.

[0195] In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention include each of the heat transfer compositions 1-26. The article includes a PVE lubricant.

[0196] In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention include each of the heat transfer compositions 1-26. The article includes a lubricant consisting essentially of a PVE lubricant.

[0197] In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention include each of the heat transfer compositions 1-26. The article includes a lubricant comprising a PVE lubricant.

[0198] In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention include each of the heat transfer compositions 1-26. The PVE in the product is a PVE according to formula II.

[0199] In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention include each of the heat transfer compositions 1-26. The article includes a lubricant consisting essentially of lubricant 3.

[0200] Stabilizing Lubricant The present invention also provides a lubricant composition according to the present invention, which comprises (a) a POE lubricant and (b) each of stabilizers 1 to 20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is a stabilized lubricant according to the present specification. For convenience, this is sometimes referred to as Stabilizing Lubricant 1 in the literature.

[0201] The present invention also provides a lubricant comprising (a) a neopentyl POE lubricant and (b) each of stabilizers 1 to 20. and a stabilized lubricant comprising the stabilizer of the present invention. The agent may be referred to herein for convenience as stabilizing lubricant 2.

[0202] The present invention also provides a composition comprising (a) Lubricant 1 or Lubricant 2 and (b) each of Stabilizers 1 to 20. and a stabilized lubricant comprising the stabilizer of the present invention. , which may be referred to herein as stabilizing lubricant 3 for convenience.

[0203] The present invention also provides a stabilizer of the present invention, which comprises (a) a lubricant 3 and (b) each of stabilizers 1 to 20. and a stabilizing agent. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is defined herein. For convenience in the art, it may be referred to as a stabilizing lubricant 4.

[0204] The present invention also provides (a) a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and (b) stabilizer 1. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph comprises: For convenience, this may be referred to as the stabilizing lubricant 5 in this specification.

[0205] The present invention also provides (a) a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and (b) stabilizer 2. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph comprises: For convenience, this may be referred to as the stabilizing lubricant 6 in this specification.

[0206] The present invention also provides (a) a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and (b) a stabilizer 3. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph comprises: For convenience, this may be referred to as the stabilizing lubricant 7 in this specification.

[0207] The present invention also provides (a) a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and (b) a stabilizer 4. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph comprises: For convenience, this may be referred to as the stabilizing lubricant 8 in this specification.

[0208] The present invention also provides (a) a POE lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant. and (b) a stabilizer 5. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph comprises: For convenience, this may be referred to herein as the stabilizing lubricant 9.

[0209] The present invention also provides a composition comprising (a) a POE lubricant and / or a PVE lubricant, and (b) a lubricant and an 1% to less than 10% by weight of alkylated naphthalene based on the weight of alkylated naphthalene The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is conveniently referred to herein as a stabilized lubricant comprising: For convenience, it may be referred to as the stabilized lubricant 10.

[0210] The present invention also provides a composition comprising (a) a POE lubricant and / or a PVE lubricant, and (b) a lubricant and an 1% to 8% by weight of alkylated naphthalene based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene; A stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is referred to herein for convenience as comprising: It may be referred to as a stabilizing lubricant 11.

[0211] The present invention also provides a composition comprising (a) a POE lubricant and / or a PVE lubricant, and (b) a lubricant and an 1.5% to 8% by weight of alkylated naphthalene based on the weight of alkylated naphthalene A stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is referred to herein for convenience as comprising: This may also be referred to as a stabilizing lubricant 12.

[0212] The present invention also provides a composition comprising (a) a POE lubricant and / or a PVE lubricant, and (b) a lubricant and an 1.5% to 6% by weight of alkylated naphthalene based on the weight of alkylated naphthalene A stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph is referred to herein for convenience as comprising: In addition, it may be referred to as a stabilizing lubricant 13.

[0213] The present invention relates to a stabilizing lubricant of the present invention, in which the lubricant and the stabilizer comprise each of the stabilizing lubricants 1 to 13. The thermally stable compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, are lubricants.

[0214] Methods, Uses, and Systems The heat transfer compositions disclosed herein are suitable for use in heat transfer applications, including air conditioning applications. Highly preferred air conditioning applications include residential air conditioning applications, commercial air conditioning applications (e.g., rooftop applications, VRF applications, and chillers).

[0215] The present invention also includes methods for providing heat transfer, including air conditioning methods, and is highly preferred. Regarding air conditioning methods, we provide residential air conditioning and commercial air conditioning (rooftop Method for providing air conditioning, method for providing VRF air conditioning, and method for providing air conditioning using a chiller (methods, etc.)

[0216] The present invention also includes heat transfer systems, including air conditioning systems, and highly preferred air conditioning systems. The systems include residential air conditioning systems, commercial air conditioning systems (rooftop air conditioning systems, V RF air conditioning systems, and air conditioning chiller systems).

[0217] The present invention also relates to refrigeration, heat pumps, and other water coolers (including portable and centralized water coolers). Use of heat transfer compositions in connection with coolers, methods of using heat transfer compositions, and heat transfer compositions Also provided is a system including the composition.

[0218] Any reference to any of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention refers to the heat transfer compositions described herein. Therefore, the use of the composition, method, system, or For the following discussion of applications, the heat transfer composition may include any of heat transfer compositions 1-26. It may consist essentially of or consist of

[0219] With respect to the heat transfer system of the present invention including a compressor, and a lubricant for the compressor therein: The system may have a lubricant loading of about 5% to 60% by weight, or about 10% by weight. up to about 60% by weight, or about 20% by weight to about 50% by weight, or about 20% by weight to about 40% by weight, or about 20% by weight to about 30% by weight, or about 30% by weight to about 50% by weight, or about 30% by weight The refrigerant and lubricant fillings may be present in amounts of from about 40% by weight to about 40% by weight. When used, the term "lubricant charge" refers to the amount of lubricant and cooling material contained within a system. This refers to the total weight of lubricant contained in the system as a percentage of the total lubricant. The stem also contains a lubricant filling of about 5% to about 10%, or about 8%, by weight of the heat transfer composition. It may include amounts.

[0220] The heat transfer system according to the present invention comprises a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and a The system may include an expansion device, a heat transfer composition 1-26, and a sealant material, is preferably i. copper or copper alloy, or ii. activated alumina, or iii. copper, silver , lead, or a combination thereof; or iv. anion exchange resin, or v. a moisture removing material, preferably a moisture removing molecular sieve, or vi. Includes a combination of two or more of the above.

[0221] The present invention also includes evaporating a refrigerant liquid to produce a refrigerant vapor, and dissolving at least the refrigerant vapor in a gas. The refrigerant vapor is compressed by a compressor and condensed in multiple repeated cycles. and a method for transferring heat of the type comprising: (a) providing a heat transfer composition according to the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26; and, (b) optionally but preferably providing a lubricant to said compressor; (b) sequestering at least a portion of the refrigerant and / or at least a portion of the lubricant and exposing the material to the material.

[0222] Uses, Facilities, and Systems In a preferred embodiment, the residential air conditioning system and method is adapted to provide a temperature range of about 0°C to about 10°C. The refrigerant has an evaporation temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

[0223] In a preferred embodiment, the residential air conditioning system and method used in heating mode The refrigerant has an evaporation temperature in the range of about -20°C to about 3°C, and a condensation temperature in the range of about 35°C to about 50°C. It is within range.

[0224] In a preferred embodiment, the commercial air conditioning system and method is adapted to provide temperatures in the range of about 0°C to about 10°C. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

[0225] In a preferred embodiment, the hot water system and method is in the range of about -20°C to about 3°C. The refrigerant has an evaporation temperature of about 50°C to about 90°C, and a condensation temperature of about 50°C to about 90°C.

[0226] In a preferred embodiment, the mesophilic system and method is in the range of about -12°C to about 0°C. The refrigerant has an evaporation temperature of about 40°C to about 70°C, and a condensation temperature of about 40°C to about 70°C.

[0227] In a preferred embodiment, the cryogenic system and method provides temperatures ranging from about -40°C to about -12°C. The refrigerant has an evaporation temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

[0228] In a preferred embodiment, the rooftop air conditioning system and method is operated at temperatures between about 0°C and about 10°C. The refrigerant has an evaporation temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

[0229] In a preferred embodiment, the VRF system and method is in the range of about 0°C to about 10°C. The refrigerant has an evaporation temperature of about 40°C to about 70°C, and a condensation temperature of about 40°C to about 70°C.

[0230] The present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 1 in residential air conditioning systems.

[0231] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 2 in residential air conditioning systems. .

[0232] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 3 in residential air conditioning systems. .

[0233] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 4 in residential air conditioning systems. .

[0234] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 5 in residential air conditioning systems. .

[0235] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 6 in residential air conditioning systems. .

[0236] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 7 in residential air conditioning systems. .

[0237] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 8 in residential air conditioning systems. .

[0238] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 9 in residential air conditioning systems. .

[0239] Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 10 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0240] Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 11 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0241] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 12 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0242] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 13 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0243] Thus, the present invention provides for the use of heat transfer composition 13A in residential air conditioning systems. include.

[0244] Thus, the present invention provides for the use of heat transfer composition 13B in residential air conditioning systems. include.

[0245] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 14 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0246] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 15 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0247] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 16 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0248] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 17 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0249] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 18 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0250] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 19 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0251] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 20 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0252] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 21 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0253] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 22 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0254] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 23 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0255] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 24 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0256] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 25 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0257] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 26 in residential air conditioning systems. nothing.

[0258] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 1 in a chiller system.

[0259] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 2 in a chiller system.

[0260] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 3 in a chiller system.

[0261] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 4 in a chiller system.

[0262] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 5 in a chiller system.

[0263] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 6 in a chiller system.

[0264] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 7 in a chiller system.

[0265] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 8 in a chiller system.

[0266] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 9 in a chiller system.

[0267] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 10 in a chiller system.

[0268] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 11 in a chiller system.

[0269] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 12 in a chiller system.

[0270] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 13 in a chiller system.

[0271] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 13A in a chiller system. .

[0272] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 13B in a chiller system. .

[0273] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 14 in a chiller system.

[0274] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 15 in a chiller system.

[0275] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 16 in a chiller system.

[0276] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 17 in a chiller system.

[0277] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 18 in a chiller system.

[0278] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 19 in a chiller system.

[0279] Thus, the present invention includes the use of the heat transfer composition 20 in a chiller system.

[0280] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 21 in a chiller system.

[0281] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 22 in a chiller system.

[0282] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 23 in a chiller system.

[0283] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 24 in a chiller system.

[0284] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 25 in a chiller system.

[0285] Thus, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 26 in a chiller system.

[0286] Examples of commonly used compressors include, for the purposes of this invention, reciprocating, rotary (rotary) These include compressors of the scroll, screw, and centrifugal types (including rotating piston and rotary valves). Therefore, the present invention includes reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston and rotary valves). For use in heat transfer systems including compressors of the scroll, screw, or centrifugal type. and / or each of the refrigerant and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a thermally stable, heat-transferable, or thermally stable, ...

[0287] An example of a commonly used expansion device is, for the purposes of this invention, a capillary tube. These include valves, fixed orifices, thermal expansion valves, and electronic expansion valves. Heat transfer systems including capillary tubes, fixed orifices, thermal expansion valves, and electronic expansion valves Each of the refrigerant and / or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in a system to provide.

[0288] For the purposes of the present invention, the evaporator and condenser are each preferably finned tube type thermal exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, and and tube-in-tube heat exchangers. Therefore, the present invention is directed to a heat exchanger in which the evaporator and the condenser are finned tube type heat exchangers, micro-type heat exchangers, and the like. Cross-channel heat exchangers, shell and tube, plate heat exchangers, or tube-type The present invention relates to a heat transfer system for use in a tube-and-tube heat exchanger. Each of the refrigerant and / or heat transfer compositions described in

[0289] Therefore, the system of the present invention preferably comprises at least a portion of the refrigerant according to the present invention. a sealant material in contact with at least a portion of the component and / or lubricant, The temperature of the chain material and / or the temperature of the coolant and / or the temperature of the lubricant is preferably at least The temperature is at least about 10°C, and the sequestering material is preferably an anion exchange resin, activated alkoxide, or the like. a silver-containing zeolite molecular sieve, and a moisture-removing material, preferably a moisture-removing material. Includes a combination of molecular sieves.

[0290] As used in this application, the term "in contact with at least a portion" In the broadest sense, the term refers to any part of a system that is in contact with the same or separate parts of the refrigerant and / or lubricant. is intended to include each and any combination of such sealing materials and does not necessarily include Without limitation, each type or particular sequestering material (i) when present, (ii) if present, each other class or specific material; is physically separate from a particular material, and (iii) two or more materials are physically located together and at least one sequestering material is physically distinct from at least one other sequestering material. It is intended to include embodiments in which the invention is an individual or a combination of the invention.

[0291] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention may be used in heating and cooling applications.

[0292] In a particular aspect of the invention, the heat transfer composition is formed by condensing the heat transfer composition and and then evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the article or body to be cooled. It can be used in law.

[0293] Therefore, the present invention provides a method for reducing the temperature in a heat transfer system including an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor. For a cooling method using a heat transfer composition as described herein, the process comprises: i) condensing a heat transfer composition as described herein; And, ii) evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the body or article to be cooled; The evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is in the range of about -40°C to about +10°C.

[0294] Alternatively, or in addition, the heat transfer composition may be applied to a heat transfer system in the vicinity of the article or body to be heated. a heating method comprising condensing a composition and then evaporating the composition. It can be used in various ways.

[0295] Therefore, the present invention provides a method for reducing the temperature in a heat transfer system including an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor. For the heating method, the process comprises: i) applying the heat of the body or article to be heated in the vicinity of the body or article as described herein; condensing the heat transfer composition as described above; ii) evaporating the composition, wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is about −3 It is in the range of 0℃ to approximately 5℃.

[0296] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention can be used in air conditioning applications, including both transportation and stationary air conditioning applications. Accordingly, any of the heat transfer compositions described herein is provided for use in or may be used in any one of the following: - air conditioning applications, including mobile air conditioning, especially train and bus air conditioning; -Mobile heat pumps, especially heat pumps for electric vehicles, - coolers, in particular positive displacement coolers, in particular air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion coolers (modular either individually packaged or conventionally packaged), - Residential air conditioning systems, especially duct split or ductless split air conditioning systems stem, -Residential heat pumps, -Residential air-to-water heat pump / hot water system, -Industrial air conditioning systems, -Packaged rooftop units or variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems; -Commercial air-source, water-source, or ground-source heat pump systems.

[0297] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention are provided for use in refrigeration systems. The term "system" refers to any system or device that uses a refrigerant to provide cooling. or any part or portion of such a system or apparatus. Any of the heat transfer compositions described herein may be used in any one of the following ways: It can be used. -Low temperature refrigeration systems, -Medium temperature refrigeration system, -Commercial refrigerators, -Commercial freezer, -Ice maker, -vending machines, -Transport refrigeration systems, -Household freezer, -Domestic refrigerators, -industrial freezers, -Industrial refrigerators, and -Cooler.

[0298] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, is particularly suitable for use in homes. Residential air conditioning systems (for cooling, in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, especially about 7°C, and / or heating) (For example, in the case of a evaporator temperature in the range of about -20 to about 3°C, particularly about 0.5°C) Alternatively or additionally, the present invention is provided for use in a heat transfer system including each of the heat transfer compositions 1-26. Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein is particularly suitable for use in reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston) and other heat transfer systems. For use in residential air conditioning systems having a rotary valve, or scroll compressor It is provided for

[0299] Each of the described heat transfer compositions, including heat transfer compositions 1-26, is particularly suitable for use in air-cooled coolers. (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, particularly about 4.5°C), particularly a positive displacement compressor In an air-cooled cooler having a reciprocating scroll compressor, in particular, provided for use by

[0300] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, is particularly suitable for use in homes. Residential air-water heat pump hot water system (range of about -20 to about 3°C, especially steam of about 0.5°C) or an evaporator temperature in the range of about -30 to about 5°C, particularly about 0.5°C. provided for use in

[0301] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions 1-26, is, among others, In warm refrigeration systems (with evaporator temperatures in the range of about -12 to about 0°C, especially about -8°C) provided for use by

[0302] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including heat transfer compositions 1-26, is particularly Warm refrigeration system (in the range of about -40 to about -12°C, particularly about -40 to about -23°C, or preferably or having an evaporator temperature of about -32°C.

[0303] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are used in residential air conditioning systems. The residential air conditioning system is provided for use in, for example, a residential building in the summer, by producing cool air (such air being, for example, For example, it is used to supply water to buildings (for example, having a temperature of about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C). will be done.

[0304] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are therefore suitable for use in split-type housings. It is provided for use in a residential air conditioning system, and the residential air conditioning system provides cold air (such air) The air has a temperature of, for example, about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C. It is used.

[0305] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1-26, are therefore suitable for duct splitters. The present invention is provided for use in a residential air conditioning system, the residential air conditioning system providing cold air ( The air has a temperature of, for example, about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C. It is used for this purpose.

[0306] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are therefore suitable for use in window-mounted residential air conditioners. The residential air conditioning system is provided for use in a system that supplies cold air (e.g., For example, a temperature of about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C, is used to supply .

[0307] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are therefore suitable for use in portable residential air conditioners. The present invention provides a residential air conditioning system for use in a residential air conditioning system, the residential air conditioning system providing cold air (the air being For example, the temperature is about 10°C to about 17°C, particularly about 12°C. do.

[0308] Residential air conditioning systems as described herein, including the residential air conditioning system of the immediately preceding paragraph. Preferably, the air-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), compressor, air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil) The evaporator and condenser are round tube plate fin, fin tube The compressor may be a reciprocating or rotary (rod) type. The expansion valve may be a capillary type (ring piston or rotary valve), or a scroll compressor. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably 0. The condensation temperature is preferably in the range of 40°C to 70°C.

[0309] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are used in residential heat pump systems. The residential heat pump system is provided for use in a residential area, and the residential heat pump system provides warm air (such as For example, the temperature is about 18°C ​​to about 24°C, particularly about 21°C. This can be the same system as a residential air conditioning system, but with a heat pump In this mode, the refrigerant flow reverses, with the indoor coil acting as the condenser and the outdoor coil acting as the evaporator. Typical system types are split and mini-split heat pump systems. Evaporators and condensers are typically round-tube plate-fin, finned, or microchannel thermal Compressors are usually reciprocating or rotary (rolling piston or rotary valve) types. The expansion valve is usually a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The solvent evaporation temperature is preferably within the range of about -20°C to about 3°C, or -30°C to about 5°C. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of about 35°C to about 50°C.

[0310] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are useful in commercial air conditioning systems. The commercial air conditioning system is provided for use with chilled water (the water has a temperature of, for example, about 7°C). It may be a chiller used to provide heat (which is used to cool large buildings such as offices and hospitals) Depending on the application, the chiller system may be in operation year-round. They can be air-cooled or water-cooled. Air-cooled chillers usually have plates, tubes, and a cooling fan to supply chilled water. Tube-in-tube or shell-in-tube evaporators, reciprocating or scroll type Compressors, round tube plate fin, fin tube or micro- A water-cooled system typically has a cross-channel condenser and a thermal or electronic expansion valve. Shell-and-tube evaporators, reciprocating, scroll, and screw types for supplying chilled water or centrifugal compressors, for exchanging heat with cooling towers or water from lakes, oceans, and other natural sources It has a shell-and-tube condenser and a thermal expansion valve or electronic expansion valve. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of about 40°C to about 10°C. It is in the range of about 70°C.

[0311] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are used in residential air-to-water heat pumps. Provided for use in a hot water system, a residential air-to-water heat pump hot water system In winter, hot water (such water may be, for example, at about 50°C or about 55°C) is used for underfloor heating or similar purposes. Hot water systems are used to supply water (having a temperature of 100°C) to buildings. Round tube plate fin, fin tube, or microchannel steam for air exchange generators, reciprocating, scroll or rotary compressors, plates for heating water, tubes Shell-in-tube or shell-and-tube condenser and thermal expansion valve or electronic expansion valve The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably within the range of about -20 to about 3°C ​​or -30 to about 5°C. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of about 50°C to about 90°C.

[0312] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are useful in medium temperature refrigeration systems. The refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature within the range of about -12 to about 0°C, In such systems, the refrigerant is preferably maintained at a temperature of from about 40 to about 70°C, or from about 20 to about 7 It has a condensation temperature in the range of 0°C.

[0313] Thus, the present invention relates to a food or drink cooling appliance such as a refrigerator or bottle cooler. The refrigerant is preferably between about -12°C and about 0°C. In such a system, the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of about 40°C. The condensation temperature is in the range of about 20°C to about 70°C, or about 20°C to about 70°C.

[0314] The mesophilic systems of the present invention, including those described in the immediately preceding paragraph, preferably comprise , e.g., an air-refrigerant evaporator for cooling food or drinks contained therein, scroll or screw, or rotary compressors, for exchanging heat with ambient air The heat transfer composition 1-2 has an air-refrigerant condenser and a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The heat transfer composition of the present invention, comprising 6, is provided for use in low-temperature cooling systems, The solvent preferably has an evaporation temperature in the range of about -40°C to about -12°C, and the refrigerant is preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C, or about 20°C to about 70°C.

[0315] Thus, the present invention relates to a low temperature refrigeration system used to provide cooling in a freezer. The refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature within the range of about -40°C to about -12°C. The refrigerant preferably has a condensation temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C, or about 20 to about 70°C. Has.

[0316] Therefore, the present invention can also be used to provide cooling in cream machines. The refrigerant preferably has a vapor temperature within the range of about -40°C to about -12°C. The refrigerant has a temperature in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C, or about 20°C to about 70°C. The condensation temperature is within the range of 1000°C.

[0317] The cryogenic systems of the present invention, including the system described in the immediately preceding paragraph, are preferably Air-refrigerant evaporators, reciprocating, scroll, or rotary, for cooling products or beverages a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser for exchanging heat with ambient air, and a thermostatic expansion valve or electronic expansion valve It has a valve.

[0318] Therefore, the present invention provides the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26. The alkylated naphthalene is AN5, and the heat transfer The composition further comprises BHT, AN5 at about 0.001 wt. % based on the weight of the lubricant. % by weight, and BHT is present in an amount of about 0.001% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant. It is present in an amount of about 5% by weight.

[0319] Therefore, the present invention provides the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26. The heat transfer composition further comprises BHT, and AN5 is a heat transfer agent. The BHT is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the composition. It is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition.

[0320] For purposes of the present invention, each heat transfer composition according to the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-26, The evaporation temperature is in the range of about 0°C to about 10°C and the condensation temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C. The chiller is provided for use in air conditioning or refrigeration. Therefore, it is preferably provided for commercial air conditioning. The cooler is preferably a positive displacement cooler, In particular, air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion chillers (whether modular or conventionally packaged) (either

[0321] Therefore, the present invention is applicable to stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning. Use of each heat transfer composition according to the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, in do.

[0322] Therefore, the present invention is applicable to stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning. The present invention provides a method for producing a heat transfer composition comprising the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26 in a heat transfer apparatus, the method comprising the steps of: The alkylated naphthalene is AN5, and the heat transfer composition further comprises BHT, AN 5 is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant; BHT is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant.

[0323] Therefore, the present invention is applicable to stationary air conditioning, particularly residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning. The present invention provides a method for using the heat transfer composition of the present invention, which comprises using the heat transfer composition of the present invention, and wherein the alkylated naphthalene is AN5 and the heat transfer composition contains BHT. AN5 is present in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. and BHT is present in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. is present in an amount of

[0324] Each heat transfer composition according to the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1 to 26, is refrigerant R-410 It is offered as a low GWP alternative to A.

[0325] Each heat transfer composition according to the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1 to 26, is refrigerant R-410 It will be offered as a low GWP add-on to A.

[0326] Therefore, the heat transfer compositions and refrigerants of the present invention, including each of the heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, are It may be used as an add-on refrigerant / heat transfer composition or as a replacement refrigerant / heat transfer composition. do.

[0327] Thus, the present invention can be implemented without requiring substantial engineering changes to existing systems. , especially for R-410A refrigerant without modification of the condenser, evaporator, and / or expansion valve. This includes methods for retrofitting existing heat transfer systems that are designed and contain the same.

[0328] Therefore, the present invention also provides a substitute for R-410A, particularly for residential air conditioning refrigerants. As a replacement for R-410A in existing systems, it requires substantial engineering changes. and the refrigerant or The present invention also includes methods of using the heat transfer compositions.

[0329] Therefore, the present invention also provides a novel R-410A replacement, particularly for residential air conditioning systems. The present invention also provides a method for using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention as a replacement for R-410A in include.

[0330] Therefore, the present invention is also suitable as a replacement for R-410A, especially in chiller systems. The present invention also includes the use of the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention as a replacement for R-410A in .

[0331] Therefore, the method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system containing R-410A refrigerant The method comprises replacing at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant with a heat transfer composition. 1 to 26.

[0332] The replacement step is preferably carried out at any point in the system to accommodate the refrigerant of the present invention. Without substantial modification, existing refrigerants (which may be, but are not limited to, R-410A) may be used. removing at least a substantial portion, preferably substantially all, of the heat transfer composition; and introducing a heat transfer composition of the present invention comprising each of components 1-26. The method may include at least about 5%, about 10%, about 25%, about 50%, or Approximately 75% by weight of the R-410A is removed from the system and mixed with the heat transfer composition of the present invention. This includes substituting.

[0333] Alternatively, the heat transfer composition is designed to contain R410A refrigerant or can be used in a retrofit process for an existing heat transfer system containing it. The system is modified for use with the heat transfer composition of the present invention.

[0334] Alternatively, the heat transfer composition is designed to contain R-410A refrigerant or or can be used as a replacement in heat transfer systems suitable for use therewith. do.

[0335] The present invention relates to each of heat transfer compositions 1-17 as a low global warming alternative to R-410A. or retrofitting an existing heat transfer system. or as described herein with R-410A refrigerant. It will be understood that the present invention may be used in any heat transfer system suitable for use therein.

[0336] The heat transfer composition is intended for use as a retrofit for an existing heat transfer system as described above. When provided for this purpose, the method preferably involves replacing at least one of the existing R-410A refrigerants. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that this includes removing the part from the system. The method may include at least about 5%, about 10%, about 25%, about 50%, or The method involves removing approximately 75% by weight of the R-410A from the system and incorporating it into a heat transfer composition 1- and replacing the heat transfer composition of the present invention with each of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention.

[0337] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention are suitable for use in R-410A refrigerants, such as in existing or new heat transfer systems. As a replacement in systems used with or suitable for use with It can be used.

[0338] The compositions of the present invention exhibit many of the desirable properties of R-410A, but with lower carbon dioxide emissions than R-410A. It has a substantially lower GWP and at the same time is substantially similar to or comparable to R-410A. Qualitatively identical, and more preferably equally high or higher, operating characteristics, i.e. This allows for the design of, for example, condensers, evaporators, and / or It can be used in existing heat transfer systems without requiring any major system modifications to the expansion valve. Therefore, the claimed composition can replace R-410A. The product can be used as a direct replacement for R-410A in heat transfer systems. do.

[0339] Therefore, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably has a composition Operation where the efficiency (COP) of the product is greater than 90% of the efficiency of R-410A in the heat transfer system Show characteristics.

[0340] Therefore, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably has a lower capacity compared to R-410A. exhibits operating characteristics that are 95-105% of the capacity of R-410A in heat transfer systems.

[0341] It will be appreciated that R-410A is an azeotrope-like composition. In order for the compositions described in the range to match the operating characteristics of R-410A, heat transfer compositions 1 to Any of the refrigerants contained in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of 26, is preferably , showing a low level of gradient. Thus, the heat transfer according to the present invention as described herein The refrigerant contained in the heat transfer composition of the present invention, including each of compositions 1 to 26, is preferably below 2°C. It can provide an evaporator gradient of less than 1.5°C.

[0342] Therefore, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably has a composition The efficiency (COP) of the material is 100-102% of that of R-410A in the heat transfer system. and the capacity is 92-102% of the capacity of R-410A in the heat transfer system. The operating characteristics are shown.

[0343] Preferably, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention are used in applications where the compositions of the present invention are used in place of R-410A refrigerant. In heat transfer systems, it preferably exhibits the following operating characteristics compared to R-410A: The efficiency (COP) of the composition is 100-105% of the efficiency of R-410A, and / or -The capacity is 92-102% of that of R-410A.

[0344] To enhance the reliability of the heat transfer system, the heat transfer composition of the present invention In heat transfer systems where refrigerant R-410A is used to replace R-410A, In comparison, it is preferable that the following properties are further exhibited. - The discharge temperature is not more than 10°C higher than the discharge temperature of R-410A, and / or -The compressor pressure ratio is 98 to 102% of that of R-410A.

[0345] The existing heat transfer composition used to replace R-410A is preferably a mobile This specification is an air conditioning heat transfer system, including both fixed and stationary air conditioning systems. As used in this document, the term mobile air conditioning system refers to the air conditioning systems used in trucks, buses, and trains. This means a mobile, non-passenger vehicle air conditioning system, such as a heat transfer system. Each of the heat transfer compositions as described herein, including each of compositions 1-26, is It can be used to replace R-410A in any one of these. - Mobile air conditioning systems, especially those for trucks, buses and trains Tuning system, -Mobile heat pumps, especially heat pumps for electric vehicles, - coolers, in particular positive displacement coolers, in particular air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion coolers (modular either individually packaged or conventionally packaged), - Residential air conditioning systems, especially duct split or ductless split air conditioning systems stem, -Residential heat pumps, -Residential air-to-water heat pump / hot water system, -Industrial air conditioning systems, -Packaged rooftop units or variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems; -Commercial air-source, water-source, or ground-source heat pump systems.

[0346] The heat transfer compositions of the present invention are alternatively used to replace R410A in refrigeration systems. Thus, the heat transfer compositions as described herein, including each of 1-26, are provided. Each of the available heat transfer compositions may be used to replace R10A in any one of the following: It can be used. -Low temperature refrigeration systems, -Medium temperature refrigeration system, -Commercial refrigerators, -Commercial freezer, -Ice maker, -vending machines, -Transport refrigeration systems, -Household freezer, -Domestic refrigerators, -industrial freezers, -Industrial refrigerators, and -Cooler.

[0347] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, is Residential air conditioning systems (for cooling, in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, especially about 7°C, and / or heating) For the evaporator temperature, the range is about -20 to about 3°C ​​or 30 to about 5°C, and in particular about 0.5°C. Specifically provided to replace R-410A in Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, is Residential use with rotary (rolling piston or rotary valve) or scroll compressors It is specifically designed to replace R-410A in air conditioning systems.

[0348] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, is a void. Refrigerant coolers (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, especially about 4.5°C), especially volumetric Air-cooled coolers with reciprocating or scroll compressors, in particular It is specifically designed to replace R-410A in gas chillers.

[0349] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, is Residential air-to-water heat pump hot water system (range of approximately -20 to 3°C or approximately -30 to 5°C) , especially those having an evaporator temperature of about 0.5°C. will be done.

[0350] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, comprises In warm refrigeration systems (with evaporator temperatures in the range of about -12 to about 0°C, especially about -8°C) It is specifically offered to replace R-410A.

[0351] Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, has a low Warm refrigeration system (in the range of about -40 to about -12°C, particularly about -40 to about -23°C, or preferably Specifically designed to replace R-410A in gasoline-fired vehicles (e.g., those with an evaporator temperature of approximately -32°C) will be done.

[0352] Therefore, it is not designed to contain or contain R-410A refrigerant. or retrofitting an existing heat transfer system that is suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant A method is provided, the method comprising: converting at least a portion of an existing R-410A refrigerant into a heat transfer This includes substituting a heat transfer composition of the present invention comprising each of compositions 1-26.

[0353] Therefore, it is not designed to contain or contain R-410A refrigerant. or retrofitting an existing heat transfer system that is suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant A method is provided, the method comprising: converting at least a portion of an existing R-410A refrigerant into a heat transfer and substituting a heat transfer composition according to the present invention comprising each of compositions 1-26.

[0354] The present invention relates to a heat transfer system including a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator in fluid communication, and and further providing a heat transfer composition in the system, the heat transfer composition comprising heat transfer composition 1 to According to the present invention, each of the 26

[0355] In particular, heat transfer systems are used in residential air conditioning systems (for cooling in the range of about 0 to about 10°C). , particularly about 7°C, and / or in the range of about -20 to about 3°C ​​or about -30 to about 5°C due to heating. evaporator temperature of about 0.5°C.

[0356] In particular, the heat transfer system is an air-cooled cooler (in the range of about 0°C to about 10°C, particularly about 4.5°C) evaporator temperature), in particular air-cooled coolers with positive displacement compressors, especially reciprocating or is an air-cooled chiller with a scroll compressor.

[0357] In particular, the heat transfer system is a residential air-to-water heat pump hot water system (approximately -20°C to 3°C or in the range of about -30°C to about 5°C, particularly with an evaporator temperature of about 0.5°C).

[0358] The heat transfer system may be a refrigeration system, such as a low temperature refrigeration system, a medium temperature refrigeration system, Commercial refrigerators, commercial freezers, ice makers, vending machines, transport refrigeration systems, domestic freezers, household refrigerators, industrial freezers, and coolers. [Example]

[0359] The refrigerant compositions identified in Table 2 below as Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 are used herein. Each of the refrigerants was subjected to thermodynamic analysis to determine the various Its ability to match the operating characteristics of R-4104A in various refrigeration systems was determined. Using experimental data collected on the properties of various binary pairs of components used in the composition, The analysis was carried out using a series of binary pairs containing HFC-32 and R125, respectively. The vapor / liquid equilibrium behavior of F3I was measured and investigated. The experimentally obtained mixing parameters for each binary pair were varied over a range of relative percentages. In the examples, the National Institute of Science ience and Technology(NIST)Reference Flui d Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database software (Refprop 9.1 NIST Standard d Database 2013) for the binary pair HFC-32 and HFC- 125 vapor / liquid equilibrium behavior data were used. The parameters selected for the analysis were: , the same compressor volume for all refrigerants, the same operating conditions for all refrigerants, The compressor adiabatic efficiency and volumetric efficiency were the same for each example. Simulation results were reported for each example. Announce.

[0360] [Table 5]

[0361] Refrigerant A1 contains, in relative percentages, 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2, Refrigerant A1 consists of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A2 is 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages. Refrigerant A2 is composed of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages: Refrigerant A3 is a mixture of 10% by relative percentage of the three compounds listed in Table 2. Refrigerant A3 contains, in relative percentages, the three compounds listed in Table 2. It is made of a compound and is non-flammable.

[0362] Example 1 - Environment / GWP The LCCPs for R410, other known refrigerants, and the refrigerant of the present invention were determined and reported in Table 3. In Table 3, the refrigerant with a GWP of 400 is the refrigerant of the present invention. Refrigerants with GWP values ​​of 1, 150, 250, 750, and 2088 were used. A known refrigerant with a % RH of 2088 is R410A.

[0363] Table 3 shows the results of the LCCP in four regions: the United States, the EU, China, and Brazil. As GWP decreases, direct emissions become smaller. However, system efficiency As the CO2 emissions are lower, more energy is consumed and indirect emissions increase. , total emissions (kg-CO 2eq ) initially decreases and then increases as GWP decreases. The various energy structures within these regions allow for optimal G The values ​​of WP are shown. The number of AC units also differs between these regions. SA and the EU have more AC units than China and Brazil. The last column shows the total emissions considering all four regions and all AC units. As the amount of CO2 decreases, the total emissions increase until they reach the lowest value for the refrigerant of the present invention, which has a GWP of 400. In the GWP range of 250 to 750, the total emissions are very similar. However, indirect emissions increase significantly, so if the GWP is less than 150, the total emissions Thus, the present invention demonstrates surprising and unexpected results.

[0364] [Table 6]

[0365] Example 2A - Residential Air Conditioning System (Cooling) Residential air conditioning systems are used to provide cool air (26.7°C) to buildings in the summer. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in the simulation of the residential air conditioning system described above. The performance results are shown in Table 4 below. The operating conditions are as follows: Condenser temperature = 46°C, condenser subcooling = 5.5°C, evaporation temperature = 7°C, evaporator superheat = 5.5°C, etc. Sonotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, temperature rise in intake line = 5.5°C.

[0366] [Table 7]

[0367] Table 4 shows the thermodynamic performance of residential air conditioning systems compared to R410A systems. Refrigerants A1 to A3 show a capacity and efficiency of 92% or more compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to that of R410A. Refrigerants A1 to A3 are In comparison, the pressure ratio is 100%. This means that the compressor efficiency is the same as that of R410A. No change to R410A compressor is required.

[0368] Example 2B. - Residential Air Conditioning System (Refrigeration) The residential air conditioning system is configured such that a POE lubricant is included in the system and the alkali metal ion exchanger of the present invention is used. naphthalene (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and ADM4 (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant) was used. The cooling air is stabilized by the cooling air temperature control unit 2A. The system is operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant is tested after such operation. It is found to remain stable during such actual operation.

[0369] Example 3A - Residential Heat Pump System (Heating) Residential heat pump systems are used to supply warm air (21.1°C) to buildings in winter. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 are used in the simulation of a residential air conditioning system as described above. The performance results are shown in Table 5 below. The operating conditions were as follows: Condensation temperature = 41°C, condenser subcooling = 5.5°C, evaporation temperature = 0.5°C, evaporator superheat = 5.5℃, isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, temperature rise in intake line =5.5℃.

[0370] [Table 8]

[0371] Table 5 shows the thermodynamic performance of residential heat pump systems compared to R410A systems. The capacity of refrigerant A1 can be recovered with a larger compressor. 3 shows over 90% capacity and efficiency compared to R410A, which is a significant improvement in system performance. This indicates that the refrigerants A1 to A3 are 10 times more efficient than R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is the same as that of R410A, and the pressure ratio is 0%. No change to 0A compressor is required.

[0372] Example 3B. - Residential Heat Pump System (Heating) The heat pump system includes a POE lubricant in the system and an alkanol according to the present invention. Killed naphthalene (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and the present invention. ADM4 (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5 wt. % based on the weight of the lubricant) was used. The system is configured according to Example 3A, which is stabilized by the After such operation, the lubricant is tested and the actual operating conditions are met. It was found to remain stable during the work.

[0373] Example 4A - Commercial Air Conditioning System - Chiller Commercial air conditioning systems (chillers) are used to cool chilled water (7°C) in large buildings such as offices and hospitals. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 are used to supply commercial air conditioning equipment as described above. The system was used in simulations and the performance results are shown in Table 6 below. The operating conditions were , as follows: Condensation temperature = 46°C, Condenser subcooling = 5.5°C, Evaporation temperature = 4.5 ℃ Evaporator superheat = 5.5℃, isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, intake line Temperature rise during heating = 2°C.

[0374] [Table 9]

[0375] Table 6 shows the thermodynamic performance of a commercial air conditioning system compared to an R410A system. Refrigerants A1 to A3 exhibit a capacity and efficiency of 92% or more compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to that of R410A. Refrigerants A1 to A3 are This indicates that the compressor efficiency is the same as that of R410A. No change to the R410A compressor is required.

[0376] Example 4B. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Chiller Commercial air conditioning systems are typically equipped with POE lubricants and alkylated naphtha lubricants according to the present invention. AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and an ADM according to the present invention. Stabilized with ADM4 (in an amount of about 0.05-0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant) The system configured in this way is configured according to Example 4A. It is operated continuously and after such operation, the lubricant is tested to ensure it remains stable during such actual operation. It was found that it remains the same.

[0377] Example 5A - Residential Air-to-Water Heat Pump Hot Water System Residential air-to-water heat pump hot water systems are used for underfloor heating or similar purposes in winter. It is used to supply hot water (50°C) to the building. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 are the same as those mentioned above. It was used in the simulation of residential heat pump systems such as The operating conditions are shown in Table 7 below: Condensing temperature = 60°C, condenser subcooling = 5.5°C, evaporation temperature = 0.5°C, evaporator superheat = 5.5°C, isotropic efficiency = 70% ,Volumetric efficiency: 100%,Temperature rise in intake line = 2℃.

[0378] [Table 10]

[0379] Table 7 shows the thermodynamic performance of residential heat pump systems compared to R410A systems. Refrigerants A1 to A3 show over 93% of the capacity and efficiency of R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to that of R410A. Refrigerants A1-A2 are Compared to R410A, it shows a pressure ratio of 100%. This means that the compressor efficiency is the same as R410A. This indicates that there is no need to change to an R410A compressor.

[0380] Example 5B. - Residential Air-to-Water Heat Pump Hot Water System Residential air-to-water heat pump hot water systems require POE lubricant in the system. The alkylated naphthalenes of the present invention (in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) AN4) and the ADM according to the present invention (about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant) The composition is constructed according to Example 5A, which is stabilized with a quantity of ADM4). The system is operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant is tested after such operation. It has been found to remain stable during such practical operation.

[0381] Example 6A - Medium Temperature Refrigeration System Medium temperature refrigeration systems are used to cool food or drinks in refrigerators and bottle coolers. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 are used in a medium temperature refrigeration system as described above. The performance results are shown in Table 8 below. Operating conditions: condensing temperature Degrees = 40.6°C, Condenser subcooling = 0°C (system with receiver), Evaporation temperature = -6 0.7℃, evaporator superheat = 5.5℃, isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, and and superheat in intake line = 19.5°C.

[0382] [Table 11]

[0383] Table 8 shows the thermodynamic performance of the medium temperature cooling system compared to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1 to A3 exhibit a capacity and efficiency of 94% or more compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to that of R410A. Refrigerants A1 to A2 are This indicates that the compressor efficiency is the same as that of R410A. No change to the R410A compressor is required.

[0384] Example 6B. Medium Temperature Refrigeration System Medium temperature refrigeration systems are used to cool food or beverages, such as in refrigerators and bottle coolers. The system is configured as follows: a POE lubricant is included in the system; and an alkylated naphthalene of the present invention is used. (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant) and ADM (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05-0.5 wt. % based on the weight of the lubricant) was used to stabilize the The system configured in this manner is stable over a long period of time. After such operation, the lubricant is tested and, during such actual operation, It was found to remain stable.

[0385] Example 7A - Low Temperature Refrigeration System Low temperature refrigeration systems are used in ice cream machines and freezers to freeze food. The refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 are used in the low-temperature refrigeration system as described above. The performance results are shown in Table 9 below. Operating conditions: Condensing temperature = 40.6°C, condenser subcooling = 0°C (system with receiver), evaporating temperature = -28 0.9℃, superheat at evaporator outlet = 5.5℃, isentropic efficiency = 65%, volumetric efficiency :100%, and superheat in the intake line = 44.4°C.

[0386] [Table 12]

[0387] Table 9 shows the thermodynamic performance of the low temperature refrigeration system compared to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1 to A3 exhibit a capacity and efficiency of 96% or more compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to that of R410A. Refrigerants A1 to A3 are Compared to R410A, the pressure ratio is 99% or 100%. This means that the compressor efficiency is similar to that of R410A. This indicates that there is no need to change to an R410A compressor.

[0388] Example 7B. Low Temperature Refrigeration System Low temperature refrigeration systems are used to freeze food in ice cream machines and freezers. The system is configured as follows: a POE lubricant is included in the system; and an alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention is used. (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant) and A according to the present invention Stabilized with DM (ADM4 in an amount of approximately 0.05-0.5 wt. % based on the weight of the lubricant) The system configured in this way is configured according to Example 7A. After such operation, the lubricant is tested and maintained stable during such actual operation. It was found that the temperature remained constant.

[0389] Example 8A. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Packaged Rooftop A packaged rooftop configured to supply cooled or heated air to a building Testing commercial air conditioning systems. The experimental system is a packaged rooftop air conditioning / The heat pump system includes an air-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a compressor, and an air-refrigerant condenser. The test described herein was conducted on such a system. The test operating conditions are as follows: 1. Condensation temperature: approx. 46°C (corresponding outdoor ambient temperature: approx. 67°C) 2. Condenser subcooling = approx. 5.5°C 3. Evaporation temperature = approx. 7°C (corresponding indoor ambient temperature = 26.7°C) 4. Evaporator superheat = approx. 5.5°C 5.Insulation efficiency = 70% 6.Volumetric efficiency = 100% 7. Temperature rise in intake line = 5.5°C

[0390] Performance with each of refrigerants A1-A3 is found to be acceptable.

[0391] Example 8A. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Packaged Rooftop The packaged commercial air conditioning system is a system in which a POE lubricant is included and which is alkylated naphthalenes (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and and ADM according to the present invention (ADM in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant). 4) to supply cooled or heated air to the building according to Example 8A, which is stabilized using The system configured in this way operates continuously for a long period of time, After such operation, the lubricant is tested to remain stable during such actual operation. Find out.

[0392] Example 9A - Commercial Air Conditioning System - Variable Refrigerant Flow System A commercial air conditioner using variable refrigerant flow configured to supply cooled or heated air to a building. The experimental system is a multiple (four or more) air-refrigerant evaporator ( The refrigerant-air condenser includes an indoor coil, a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and an expansion valve. The tests described in are representative of the results obtained from such a system. Test Operating Conditions is as follows: 1. Condensation temperature = approx. 46°C, corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = 67°C 2. Condenser subcooling = approx. 5.5°C 3. Evaporation temperature = approx. 7°C (corresponding indoor ambient temperature = 26.7°C) 4. Evaporator superheat = approx. 5.5°C 5.Insulation efficiency = 70% 6. Load efficiency = 100% 7. Temperature rise in intake line = 5.5°C. The performance of each of refrigerants A1 to A3 is acceptable. It is found that

[0393] Example 9B. Commercial Air Conditioning System - Variable Flow Refrigerant Commercial air conditioning systems with variable refrigerant flow are designed to provide cooled or heated air to a building. The system is configured as follows: a POE lubricant is included in the system; and an alkylated naphthalene of the present invention is used. (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and ADM ( Stabilized with ADM4) in an amount of about 0.05-0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant. The system configured in this way can be continuously operated for a long period of time. After such operation, the lubricant is tested to ensure it is stable during such actual operation. We found that this remains the case.

[0394] Comparative Example 1 - Heat Transfer Composition Comprising Refrigerant and Lubricant and BHT The heat transfer compositions of the present invention are prepared in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 97-"Sealed" Glass Tube Method to Test the Chemical Stability of Materials for Use within Re Heat transfer with accelerated aging tested according to Frigerant Systems The test refrigerant was 41% by weight of R-32, 3.5% by weight, to simulate the long-term stability of the composition. % by weight of R-125 and 55.5% by weight of CF3I, and the refrigerant contains 1.7% by volume of voids. The POE lubricant tested had a viscosity of about 32 cSt at 40°C and a viscosity of 300 ppm. The lubricant was an ISO 32 POE (lubricant A) with a water content of less than 1000 mg / L. The test contained the agent BHT, but did not contain alkylated naphthalenes or ADM. To determine the acidity of the fluid, the total acid number (TAN) is determined. , which is believed to reflect the stability of the lubricant in the fluid under conditions of use in the heat transfer composition. This compound is thought to be a product of the breakdown of CF3I and therefore reflects refrigerant stability. The fluid is also tested for the presence of trifluoromethane (R-23), which is thought to be a hazard.

[0395] 50% by weight R-466a and 50% by weight of the indicated lubricant (each of which was degassed) The experiment is carried out by preparing sealed tubes containing: , including steel, copper, aluminum, and bronze coupons. Sealed tubes maintained at approximately 175°C. The stability was tested by placing the product in a heated oven for 14 days. The results were as follows: It was. Lubricant appearance - yellow to brown TAN->2mgKOH / g R-23->1% by weight

[0396] Example 10 - Stabilizer for heat transfer compositions containing refrigerants and lubricants Add 2% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant The test of Comparative Example 1 is repeated except that the results (denoted as E10) are compared with those of Comparative Example 1 (denoted as CE1). ) are reported in Table 10 below.

[0397] [Table 13]

[0398] As can be seen from the above data, the present invention does not contain an alkylnaphthalene stabilizer. The refrigerant / lubricant fluid exhibited a smaller than ideal appearance and relatively high TAN and R-23 values. This result is achieved despite the inclusion of BHT stabilizers. The addition of 2% alkylated naphthalenes according to the invention reduces the Dramatic and predictable improvements in all tested stability outcomes, including dramatic and order-of-magnitude improvements in Bringing about external improvements.

[0399] Example 11 - Stabilizer for heat transfer compositions containing refrigerants and lubricants Add 4% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant The test of Example 10 is repeated except that the results are similar to those of Example 10.

[0400] Example 12 - Stabilizer for heat transfer compositions containing refrigerants and lubricants Add 6% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant The test of Example 10 is repeated except that the results are similar to those of Example 10.

[0401] Example 13 - Stabilizer for heat transfer compositions containing refrigerants and lubricants Add 8% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant The test of Example 10 is repeated except that the results are similar to those of Example 10.

[0402] Example 14 - Stabilizer for heat transfer compositions containing refrigerants and lubricants Add 10% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant. The test of Comparative Example 1 is repeated, except that the results (denoted E14) are compared with those of Comparative Example 1 (denoted CE1). The results from Example 1 (listed below) and Example 10 (designated E10) are reported in Table 11 below.

[0403] [Table 14]

[0404] As can be seen from the data above, with 10% alkylated naphthalene stabilizer ( The refrigerant / lubricant fluids (with and without ADM) were compared to fluids with 2% AN levels. The results unexpectedly show a substantial degradation in stabilization performance for each criterion tested.

[0405] Example 15 - Stabilizer for heat transfer compositions containing refrigerants and lubricants Add 10% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant. In addition, 1000 ppm by weight (0.1% by weight) of ADM (ADM4) was also added. The test of Example 14 is repeated, except that the results (denoted E15) are compared with those of Comparative Example 1 (denoted CE1). ), along with the results from Example 10 (denoted as E10), and Example 14 (denoted as E14). are reported in Table 12 below.

[0406] [Table 15]

[0407] As can be seen from the data above, 10% alkylated naphthalene stabilizer and 0.1 Refrigerant / lubricant fluids with wt% (1000 ppm) ADM unexpectedly performed best. The R-23 values ​​are even better than the excellent results from Example 10.

[0408] Example 16 - Stabilizer for heat transfer compositions containing refrigerants and lubricants The lubricant has a viscosity of about 74 cSt at 40°C and a water content of 300 ppm or less. The test of Example 15 is repeated, except with ISO 74 POE (lubricant B). The results were as follows: Lubricant appearance - clear to slightly yellow TAN-<0.1mgKOH / g R-23-<0.05wt%

[0409] Example 17 - Stabilizer for heat transfer compositions containing refrigerants and lubricants The lubricant has a viscosity of about 68 cSt at 40°C and a water content of 300 ppm or less. The test of Example 15 is repeated except with ISO 68 PVE (lubricant c). The results were as follows: Lubricant appearance - extremely clear TAN-<0.1mgKOH / g R-23-0.028% by weight

[0410] Example 18 - Stabilizer for heat transfer compositions containing refrigerants and lubricants The lubricant has a viscosity of about 32 cSt at 40°C and a water content of 300 ppm or less. The test of Example 15 is repeated except with ISO 32 PVE (lubricant c). The results were similar to those from Example 17.

[0411] Example 19 - Miscibility with POE oil Miscibility with ISO POE-32 oil (with a viscosity of approximately 32 cSt at a temperature of 40°C) , for R-410A refrigerant, and for refrigerants A1 and A3 shown in Table 1 of Example 1 above. Each is tested at different lubricant to refrigerant weight ratios and at different temperatures. The results are reported in Table 11 below.

[0412] [Table 16]

[0413] As can be seen from the table above, R-410A is immiscible with POE oil below approximately -22°C. Therefore, unless measures are taken to overcome the accumulation of POE oil in the evaporator, R-41 R-410A cannot be used for low-temperature refrigeration. It is immiscible with E oil, which is why it is used in condensers and This can cause problems in the pumping lines (e.g., the separated POE oil can become trapped and accumulate). On the contrary, applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly found that the present invention The refrigerant is completely miscible with POE oil over the temperature range of -40°C to 80°C, but and have been found to provide substantial and unexpected advantages when used in such systems. did.

[0414] The present invention is further illustrated by the following numbered embodiments: The subject matter of the embodiments may be further combined with one or more subject matter of the present specification or claims. stomach.

[0415] Numbered Embodiment 1. About 10% to about 75% by weight trifluoroiodomethane a refrigerant comprising (CF3I), a lubricant comprising a POE and / or PVE lubricant, and an alkylated a stabilizer comprising naphthalene.

[0416] Numbered Embodiment 2. The alkylated naphthalene is and in the heat transfer composition in an amount of from 1% to less than 10% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant. 10. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein

[0417] Numbered Embodiment 3. The alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 1.5% to less than 10%. 10. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein

[0418] Numbered Embodiment 4. The alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 1.5% to less than 8%. 10. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is

[0419] Numbered Embodiment 5. The alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 1.5% to less than 6%. 10. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is

[0420] Numbered Embodiment 6. The alkylated naphthalene is present in an amount of 1.5% to less than 5%. 10. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is

[0421] Numbered Embodiment 7. The alkylated naphthalene is AN1, or AN2, or AN3, or AN4, or AN5, or AN6, or AN7, or AN8, or AN9, 7. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 6, selected from AN10 or AN11. .

[0422] Numbered Embodiment 8. The numbered embodiment wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN5. The heat transfer composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 7.

[0423] Numbered Embodiment 9. The alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5. 8. The heat transfer composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 7.

[0424] Numbered Embodiment 10. The alkylated naphthalene of claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN5. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to seventh embodiments.

[0425] Numbered Embodiment 11. The alkylated naphthalene comprises AN10. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to seventh embodiments.

[0426] Numbered Embodiment 12. The alkylated naphthalene is essentially AN10. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to seventh embodiments.

[0427] Numbered embodiment 13. The alkylated naphthalene is selected from the group consisting of AN10, 8. The heat transfer composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 7.

[0428] Numbered Embodiment 14. Numbered Embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the stabilizer further comprises ADM. 14. The heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 13 to 14.

[0429] Numbered Embodiment 15. Numbered Embodiments 1-14, wherein the ADM includes ADM4. 10. The heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

[0430] Numbered Embodiment 16. The ADM consists essentially of ADM4. 16. The heat transfer composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0431] Numbered embodiment 17. The ADM naphthalene comprises ADM4. 16. The heat transfer composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0432] Numbered embodiment 18. The stabilizer is Stabilizer 1, Stabilizer 2, Stabilizer 3 , Stabilizer 4, Stabilizer 5, Stabilizer 6, Stabilizer 7, Stabilizer 8, Stabilizer 9, Stabilizer Stabilizer 10, Stabilizer 11, Stabilizer 12, Stabilizer 13, Stabilizer 14, Stabilizer 15, Stabilizer 16, Stabilizer 17, Stabilizer 18, Stabilizer 19, Stabilizer 20 8. The heat transfer composition according to any one of the first to seventh embodiments.

[0433] Numbered Embodiment 19. Any of numbered embodiments 1 to 18, wherein the lubricant comprises POE. 10. The heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

[0434] Numbered Embodiment 20. A numbered embodiment wherein the lubricant consists essentially of POE. 20. The heat transfer composition according to any one of 1 to 19.

[0435] Numbered Embodiment 21. Numbered embodiments 1-19, wherein the lubricant comprises POE. 10. The heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

[0436] Numbered Embodiment 22. Numbered embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the lubricant comprises Lubricant 1. 10. The heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

[0437] Numbered Embodiment 23. The numbered embodiment wherein the lubricant consists essentially of Lubricant 1. 22. The heat transfer composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 21.

[0438] Numbered embodiment 24. Numbered embodiments 1-2, wherein the lubricant consists of lubricant 1. 1. A heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

[0439] Numbered Embodiment 25. Any of numbered embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the lubricant comprises a PVE. 10. The heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

[0440] Numbered Embodiment 26. A numbered embodiment wherein the lubricant consists essentially of PVE. 21. The heat transfer composition according to any one of 1 to 20.

[0441] Numbered embodiment 27. Numbered embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the lubricant comprises PVE. 10. The heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

[0442] Numbered embodiment 28. The composition comprises a dye, a solubilizer, a compatibilizer, a corrosion inhibitor, a polar and anti-wear additives. 28. The heat transfer composition of any one of attached embodiments 1 to 27.

[0443] Numbered Embodiment 29. The stabilizer further comprises a phenolic compound. 29. The heat transfer composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 28.

[0444] Numbered Embodiment 30. Numbered embodiment 30. The stabilizer further comprises a phosphorus compound. A heat transfer composition according to any one of Aspects 1 to 30.

[0445] Numbered embodiment 31. The alkylated naphthalene is NA-LUBE KR-00 7A, KR-008, KR-009, KR-0105, KR-019, and KR-005 Any one of numbered embodiments 1-6 and 13-30, wherein the The heat transfer composition according to any one of the preceding claims.

[0446] Numbered embodiment 32. The alkylated naphthalene is NA-LUBE KR-00 7A, KR-008, KR-009, and KR-005FG, 31. The heat transfer composition of any one of embodiments 1-6 and 13-30.

[0447] Numbered embodiment 33. The alkylated naphthalene is NA-LUBE KR-00 8. The heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 32.

[0448] Numbered embodiment 34. The stabilizer is 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-t tert-butylphenol; 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) 2,2- containing 4,4'-bis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) or 4,4-biphenyldiol; derivatives of 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tertbutylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tertbutylphenol) 4,4-Butylidenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-isopropylidenebis(2 ,6-di-tert-butylphenol;2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6- nonylphenol); 2,2'-isobutylidenebis(4,6-dimethylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol); 2,6-di- tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT); 2,6-di-tert-butyl- 4-Ethylphenol: 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 2,6- Di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol;2,6-di-tert-butyl 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-4-(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); rt-Butylphenol; 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) phenol; bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl)sulfonyl bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide; Tocopherol, Hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4, a phenolic selected from 4'-methylenediphenol and t-butylhydroquinone; 34. The heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 33, comprising a compound.

[0449] Numbered Embodiment 35. Numbered Embodiment 30, wherein the stabilizer comprises BHT. 35. The heat transfer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 34.

[0450] Numbered embodiment 36. Numbered embodiment 36. 35. The heat transfer composition of any one of embodiments 30-34.

[0451] Numbered Embodiment 37. A numbered embodiment in which the phenol consists of BHT. 35. The heat transfer composition according to any one of 30 to 34.

[0452] Numbered Embodiment 38. The phenol is present in an amount greater than 0, preferably 0.0 0.001% by weight to about 5% by weight, preferably 0.001% by weight to about 2.5% by weight, more preferably The heat transfer composition is present in an amount of about 0.01% by weight to about 1% by weight, and the weight percentage is 35. The heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 30 to 34, wherein the weight of the composition refers to the weight of the composition. Finished product.

[0453] Numbered Embodiment 39. The heat transfer composition of any one of numbered embodiments 30 to 34, wherein the phenol is present in the heat transfer composition in an amount greater than 0, preferably 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, preferably 0.001% to about 4% by weight, and more preferably 1% to about 4% by weight, wherein the weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition. The present invention includes the following aspects. [1] A heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant is about 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I), wherein the lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to less than 10% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. [2] 10. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. [3] 10. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. [4] 4. The heat transfer composition of claim 3, wherein the stabilizer further comprises an acid depleted moiety (ADM). [5] 5. The heat transfer composition of claim 4, wherein the stabilizer comprises about 40 wt. % to about 99.9 wt. % alkylated naphthalene and 0.05 wt. % to about 50 wt. % ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. [6] 6. The heat transfer composition of claim 5, wherein the stabilizer comprises about 40 wt. % to about 95 wt. % alkylated naphthalene and 1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. [7] 7. The heat transfer composition of claim 6, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN5 and the ADM comprises ADM4. [8] 8. The heat transfer composition of claim 7, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5 and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4. [9] 9. The heat transfer composition of claim 8, wherein the stabilizer further comprises BHT.

[10] A stabilized heat transfer composition comprising: (a) a lubricant selected from a POE lubricant and a PVE lubricant; and (b) a stabilizer comprising from about 50% by weight to about 99.9% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene, based on the weight of the stabilizer.

[11] 11. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 10, wherein the lubricant comprises a neopentyl POE lubricant having a viscosity of about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt at 40° C. as measured according to ASTM D445.

[12] 12. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 11, wherein the stabilizer further comprises 0.05% to about 50% by weight of ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer.

[13] 13. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 12, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5 and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4.

[14] 14. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 13, wherein the stabilizer further comprises BHT.

[15] 13. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 12, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN10 and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4, and further comprises BHT.

Claims

1. A heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor, and a heat transfer composition, the heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising 5% to 100% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ３ I), wherein the lubricant comprises a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and / or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1 wt % to less than 10 wt %, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant.

2. 10. The heat transfer system of claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant.

3. 10. The heat transfer system of claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant.

4. The heat transfer system of claim 3 , wherein the stabilizer further comprises an acid depleted portion (ADM).

5. 5. The heat transfer system of claim 4, wherein the stabilizer comprises 40% to 99.9% by weight of alkylated naphthalene and 0.05% to 50% by weight of ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer.

6. 6. The heat transfer system of claim 5, wherein the stabilizer comprises 40% to 95% by weight of alkylated naphthalene and 1% to 20% by weight of ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer.

7. The heat transfer system of claim 6 , wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN5 and the ADM comprises ADM4.

8. 8. The heat transfer system of claim 7, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5 and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4.

9. The heat transfer system of claim 8 , wherein the stabilizer further comprises BHT.

10. 10. The heat transfer system of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the heat transfer system is selected from the group consisting of a low temperature refrigeration system, a medium temperature refrigeration system, a commercial refrigerator, a commercial freezer, an ice maker, a vending machine, a transport refrigeration system, a domestic freezer, a domestic refrigerator, an industrial freezer, an industrial refrigerator, and a chiller.

11. the heat transfer system comprising: Air conditioning systems, including mobile air conditioning systems, in particular air conditioning systems for buses and trains; Mobile heat pumps, especially heat pumps for electric vehicles, Coolers, especially positive displacement coolers, especially air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion coolers (either modular or conventionally packaged); Residential air conditioning systems, particularly ducted split or ductless split air conditioning systems; Residential heat pumps, Residential air-to-water heat pump / hot water system, Industrial air conditioning systems, Commercial air conditioning systems, particularly packaged rooftop units or variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems; Commercial air-source, water-source, or ground-source heat pump systems 11. The heat transfer system of claim 10, selected from:

12. A cooling method for a heat transfer system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising: i) condensing a heat transfer composition; ii) evaporating said heat transfer composition in the vicinity of the body or article to be cooled; Including, The method wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is in the range of -40°C to +10°C.

13. A heating method in a heat transfer system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising: i) condensing a heat transfer composition in the vicinity of a body or article to be heated; ii) evaporating the heat transfer composition; and Including, The method wherein the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is in the range of -30°C to 5°C.

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