Exterior wall structure around window openings used in tight-fitting external insulation with ventilation layers

Abstract

To provide a close-contact type external insulation exterior wall structure having a vent layer, prevented in intrusion of rain water dropping down inside the vent layer into an indoor side at the opening of a window installed on the exterior wall.SOLUTION: An exterior wall structure has a concrete exterior wall and an insulation layer in contact with the concrete exterior wall. An exterior substrate material is arranged at an outdoor side of the insulation layer. The exterior substrate material has multiple strip grooves and parts between the multiple strip grooves come into contact with the insulation layer. An external facing material comes into contact with an outdoor side of the exterior substrate material. Combination of the insulation layer, the exterior substrate material and the exterior facing material form an insulation composite panel. The exterior wall structure further has a window opening penetrating through the insulation composite panel, and a window frame is provided facing the window opening. The exterior wall structure of the present invention is arranged in a plate type at least at the insulation layer and an end face of the window opening part side of the exterior substrate material, without coming into contact with the window frame.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an externally insulated building made of reinforced concrete, and more specifically to an exterior wall structure in a tight-fitting externally insulated exterior wall structure with a ventilation layer that can prevent rainwater flowing down inside the ventilation layer from entering the room through openings such as windows installed in the exterior wall. [Background technology]

[0002] Externally insulated reinforced concrete buildings have the following main advantages because the outside of the concrete frame is covered with an insulating layer: (1) they can prevent cracks caused by heat stress from solar radiation; (2) because the concrete frame is not in contact with air, they can prevent the neutralization of the concrete, preventing corrosion of the reinforcing steel bars and improving the durability of the building; and (3) they can maintain the temperature environment inside the building and prevent condensation from forming inside the building, thereby preventing the growth of mold and dust mites, which is also beneficial for health. For these reasons, externally insulated reinforced concrete buildings are highly regarded as energy-saving, high-performance buildings.

[0003] The following four methods can be listed as the main external insulation construction methods used for such externally insulated buildings (Non-Patent Document 1). (1) Dry adhesion method (Figure 13(A)) This is a construction method in which an insulating composite panel that integrates an exterior base material and an insulating layer is attached to the exterior wall (structure). (2) Wet adhesion method (Figure 13(B)) This is a construction method in which an insulating layer is laid on the exterior wall (structure) and a thin layer of plaster is applied to the insulating layer. (3) Ventilated layer method (Figure 13(C)) This construction method involves installing an insulation layer on the exterior wall (frame), leaving a space outside of it where the exterior base material or exterior material is placed. The space between the insulation layer and the exterior base material or exterior material becomes a ventilation layer. (4) Double wall construction method (Figure 13(d)) This construction method involves laying an insulation layer on the building frame, leaving a space outside it and placing an exterior wall made of thick bricks, concrete blocks, concrete panels, etc. The space between the insulation layer and the exterior wall becomes an air gap.

[0004] Among these construction methods, the ventilation layer construction method (3) is said to be particularly excellent as a construction method capable of preventing internal condensation in exterior wall structures. In the ventilation layer construction method, a ventilation layer is provided between the insulation layer and the exterior base material or exterior material, so that water vapor (humidity) from inside the room is discharged to the outside through the ventilation layer, and the impact on the room of temperature rise due to solar radiation heat on the exterior base material or exterior material can be suppressed. The applicant of the present application has proposed, for example, the structure described in Patent Document 1 as an externally insulated exterior wall structure that can be used with the ventilation layer construction method. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-063633 [Non-patent literature]

[0006] [Non-Patent Document 1] Hokkaido External Insulation Construction Association, "External Insulation Construction Handbook," 2003, pp. 30-39 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] In the exterior wall structure proposed in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 6 of Patent Document 1, a frame (81a) is located directly below the ventilation layer (7), and an aluminum sash window frame (80) is located adjacent to it. In this structure, a sealant 431 is filled between the top surface of the frame (81a) and the bottom end of the insulation layer (skin-type insulation layer (151) in FIG. 6). However, because this sealant 431 is filled by inserting a filling tool between the top surface of the frame (81a) and the bottom end of the exterior base material (11), it may not be fully bonded to the bottom end of the insulation layer (151). If a minute gap occurs between the bottom end of the insulation layer (151) and the sealant (431) due to incomplete adhesion, rainwater flowing down inside the ventilation layer (7) may be sucked into the room through the gap due to the pressure difference between both sides of the gap, capillary action, gravity, or other factors. Furthermore, if a window frame (81a) is present, the rising air current in the ventilation layer may cause the air pressure at the bottom of the ventilation layer to be lower than the outdoor air pressure. In this case, the air flow may move from the bottom of the ventilation layer into the minute gaps, and rainwater may enter through the window frame (80).

[0008] In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide an exterior wall structure in a tight-fitting externally insulated exterior wall structure having a ventilation layer, which prevents rainwater flowing down inside the ventilation layer from entering the interior of the room through openings such as windows installed in the exterior wall. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The present invention provides an exterior wall structure for use in close-fitting external insulation with a ventilation layer. The exterior wall structure includes a concrete exterior wall and an insulating layer in contact with the concrete exterior wall. An exterior base material is disposed facing the insulating layer on the side opposite the concrete exterior wall. The exterior base material has a plurality of grooves, and the portions between the grooves are in contact with the insulating layer. An exterior material is in contact with the side of the exterior base material opposite the insulating layer. In this specification, the insulating layer, the exterior base material in contact with the outdoor side of the insulating layer, and the exterior material in contact with the outdoor side of the exterior base material are collectively referred to as an insulating composite panel. The exterior wall structure further has a window opening penetrating the insulating composite panel, and a window frame is provided facing the window opening. The exterior wall structure is characterized in that plate-shaped bodies are disposed on at least the end faces of the insulating layer and the exterior base material facing the window opening, without contacting the window frame. The plate-shaped bodies can be disposed so as to extend not only to the insulating layer and the exterior base material, but also to the end face of the exterior material facing the window opening. The plate-like body preferably has a plurality of air holes communicating with the plurality of grooves.

[0010] The insulating layer preferably has a recess on the interior side near the end face on the window opening side. In one embodiment, this recess is located between the window frame and the insulating layer, and mortar is placed in the recess. The plate-like body is preferably placed on the end face on the window opening side of the insulating layer and the exterior base material, excluding at least the recess, and has a plurality of air holes that communicate with the plurality of grooves. The plate-like body can also be placed so as to extend not only to the insulating layer and the exterior base material, but also to the end face on the window opening side of the exterior material.

[0011] In another embodiment, the recess is located between the window frame and the insulation layer, and a cast concrete section formed at the bottom of the concrete exterior wall is placed in the recess.The plate-like body is preferably placed on at least the cast concrete section, the insulation layer excluding the recess, and the end face of the exterior base material facing the window opening, and has a plurality of air holes communicating with the plurality of grooves.The plate-like body can also be placed so as to extend not only to the cast concrete section, the insulation layer, and the exterior base material, but also to the end face of the exterior material facing the window opening.In this embodiment, it is preferable that the sum of the thickness of the insulation layer excluding the recess and the thickness of the cast concrete section is equal to or smaller than the thickness of the insulation layer in the portion without the recess.

[0012] The plate-like body may be a water-repellent material having a water-repellent portion extending outward from the outer surface of the exterior material. It is preferable that a slope-compatible water-permeable member is disposed between the water-repellent material and the exterior base material. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] In the exterior wall structure of the present invention, a partition frame is not provided directly below the ventilation layer, and the ventilation layer and window frame are separated from each other by a plate-like body. Therefore, the sealant between the upper surface of the partition frame and the insulation layer, which was necessary in conventional exterior wall structures with a partition frame, is not necessary, and because the ventilation layer and the window frame are separated by a plate-like body, rainwater flowing down inside the ventilation layer can be prevented from infiltrating into the room. Furthermore, by eliminating the partition frame, there is no drop in air pressure at the bottom of the ventilation layer, and therefore rainwater can be prevented from infiltrating through the window frame. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] 1 illustrates an exterior wall structure including a window opening perimeter, according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a portion (a portion without a window opening) of an exterior wall structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3]FIG. 1A is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure of an insulating composite panel used in an exterior wall structure around a window opening according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a diagram showing a joint plate that connects adjacent insulating composite panels. [Figure 4] 1 shows an exterior wall structure around a window opening according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the exterior wall structure shown in FIG. 4. [Figure 6] 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an exterior wall structure around a window opening according to another embodiment of the present invention, where only the upper side of the window opening is shown. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an exterior wall structure around a window opening according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the exterior wall structure shown in FIG. 7. [Figure 9] FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a modified example of the exterior wall structure shown in FIG. 7. [Figure 10] 8A and 8B show a state in which a water flashing material is provided in another modified example of the exterior wall structure shown in FIG. 7, where (A) is a vertical cross-sectional view and (B) is a perspective view showing the water flashing material and window frame. [Figure 11] 7A and 7B show a state in which a waterproofing material is provided in the exterior wall structure shown in FIG. 6, where (A) is a vertical cross-sectional view and (B) is a perspective view showing the waterproofing material. [Figure 12] 11A and 11B show the state in which a water-repellent material is installed in the exterior wall structure shown in FIG. 6, where (A) is an oblique view of a water-repellent material different from the water-repellent material shown in FIG. 11, and (B) is an oblique view of a drainage manhole installed between the exterior base material and the water-repellent material. [Figure 13] This shows the external insulation method used for reinforced concrete externally insulated buildings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0016] (Outline of exterior wall structure) Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional perspective view showing a close-fitting external thermal insulation exterior wall structure G (hereinafter referred to as structure G) around a window opening W according to one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a portion of structure G where there is no window opening W. In the following, the direction parallel to the ground along the outer surface of the exterior material 2 will be referred to as the width direction, the direction perpendicular to the width direction along the outer surface of the exterior material 2 will be referred to as the height direction, and the direction perpendicular to the width and height directions will be referred to as the thickness direction. Furthermore, when viewed in the thickness direction of structure G, the direction of the exterior material 2 will be referred to as the outdoor side, and the opposite direction will be referred to as the indoor side.

[0017] Structure G comprises a concrete exterior wall 30 of a skeleton 3 and an insulating composite panel 1 placed on the outdoor side thereof. The insulating composite panel 1 has an insulating layer 15, an exterior base material 11 in contact with the outdoor side of the insulating layer 15, and an exterior material 2 in contact with the outdoor side of the exterior base material 11. The insulating composite panel 1 is placed so that the concrete exterior wall 30 and the insulating layer 15 are in contact with each other.

[0018] The thermal insulation composite panel 1 (more specifically, the exterior base material 11 and the thermal insulation layer 15) is attached to the concrete exterior wall 30 by captive anchors 33. The captive anchors 33 include anchors 331 embedded in the concrete exterior wall 30 and metal flat head bolts 332 that penetrate the exterior base material 11 and the thermal insulation layer 15. The anchors 331 are typically metal nuts coated with resin. The anchors 331 typically have a large diameter of 25 mm and a length of 25 mm, although this is not a limitation. The flat head bolts 332 typically have a diameter of 7.5 mm and a length of 110 mm, although this is not a limitation. The countersunk bolts 332 are fastened to the anchors 331, thereby firmly attaching the thermal insulation composite panel 1 to the concrete exterior wall 3 and preventing it from falling off. The number of captive anchors 33 is not particularly limited, as long as they can sufficiently support the load of the thermal insulation composite panel 1. The positions at which the fall-off prevention anchors 33 are attached are preferably positions corresponding to the thick portions at both ends of the exterior base material 11 in the width direction, as will be described in detail later.

[0019] (Insulated composite panel) In Structure G, the insulating composite panel 1 can be one having a configuration generally similar to that disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1. The insulating composite panel 1 is described below. Figure 3(A) shows the structure of the insulating composite panel 1, and Figure 3(B) shows a joint plate 333 connecting adjacent insulating composite panels 1. The insulating composite panel 1 has a structure in which an exterior base material 11 contacts the exterior side of the insulating layer 15, and an exterior material 2 contacts the exterior side of the exterior base material 11. The insulating layer 15 can be formed by arranging the required number of insulating sheets, each measuring, for example, 75 mm thick, 500 mm wide, and 2700 mm high, in the height and width directions. The material of the insulating material is not limited, but typically, foamed plastic insulating material (JIS A9511) is used.

[0020] The exterior base material 11 has multiple grooves 14 extending in the height direction, with thick sections 13 arranged between the grooves 14 and thin sections 12 arranged in the thickness direction of the grooves 14. In other words, the exterior base material 11 has a structure in which thick sections 13, grooves 14, and thin sections 12 are alternately arranged in the width direction. The multiple grooves 14 form a compartment ventilation layer 7. The thick sections 13 are in contact with the insulation layer 15. The exterior base material 11 is formed by arranging the required number of extruded cement boards in the height and width directions, each having a size of, for example, 26 mm thick, 490 mm wide, and 2700 mm high, and each having multiple grooves 14, for example, 13 mm deep and 30 mm wide. The exterior material 2 is typically, but not limited to, exterior tiles, stone, painted finishes, etc.

[0021] Horizontal joints 41 are provided between the exterior base materials 11 and exterior materials 2 that are adjacent in the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 2 , ventilation backers 45 are arranged in the horizontal joints 41 so that the grooves 14 of each of the exterior base materials 11 that are adjacent in the vertical direction communicate with each other, thereby connecting the grooves 14 from the bottom to the top of the exterior base material 11 and forming a compartmental ventilation layer 7 through which air flow 70 passes. In addition, sealant 430 is arranged in the horizontal joints 41 between the exterior materials 2 that are adjacent in the vertical direction, and an elastic backer 440 is arranged behind the sealant 430. By arranging the sealant 430 and backer 440 in this manner, it is possible to maintain the durability of the exterior material 2 against shrinkage due to thermal fluctuations.

[0022] Furthermore, vertical joints 42 are provided between adjacent exterior base materials 11 in the width direction, and vertical joints 421 are provided between exterior materials 2. As shown in FIG. 3 , a backer 442 and a sealant 432b are arranged in this order from the heat insulating layer 15 side in the vertical joints 42, and a sealant 432a is arranged in the vertical joints 42. The sealant 432a and the sealant 432b are arranged so as to be continuous, with the sealant 432b adhered to the end face of the exterior base material 11 and the sealant 432a adhered to the end face of the exterior material 2. Therefore, the sealant 432a and the sealant 432b work together to maintain the durability of the exterior base material 11 and the exterior material 2 against shrinkage due to thermal fluctuations. The spacing between adjacent exterior base materials 11 (i.e., vertical joint 42) is wider than the spacing between adjacent exterior materials 2 (i.e., vertical joint 421), and the width of sealant 432b is wider than the width of sealant 432a, so even if a crack occurs in sealant 432a and water leaks from it, the backup effect of sealant 432b makes it unlikely that water will penetrate inside.

[0023] The positions where the anti-fall anchors 33 are attached are preferably positions corresponding to the thick portions of both widthwise ends of the exterior base material 11. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, one insulating composite panel 1 is fixed to the concrete exterior wall 30 with a total of six anti-fall anchors 33 inserted at both widthwise ends, at positions 200 to 250 mm from the top and bottom ends, and at three locations near the center in the height direction. Two adjacent insulating composite panels 1 in the widthwise direction are preferably connected to each other by a joint plate 333 fitting over the countersunk bolts 332 of the two anti-fall anchors 33 inserted at the ends, as shown in FIG. 3(B). The joint plate 333 has two fitting holes 333a fitting over the countersunk bolts 332 of each of the two adjacent insulating composite panels 1, as shown in FIG. 3(B). The joint plate 333 is disposed in contact with the insulating layer 15 and also functions as a washer to prevent the anchor 331 from sinking into the insulating layer 15 when the countersunk bolt 332 is screwed into the anchor 331 .

[0024] (Structure of the window and its surrounding area) Next, a description will be given of the structure G around the window opening W. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the structure G around the window opening W. Fig. 5 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the structure G shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 4 shows the upper and lower sides of the window opening W, with the middle portion (part of the window opening W) omitted.

[0025] The window section has an inner window 6 and an outer window 8. The outer window 8 is provided in a window opening W that penetrates the concrete exterior wall 30, insulation layer 15, exterior base material 11, and exterior material 2 of the structure G, and has a window frame 80 provided facing the window opening W. The inner window 6 has a wooden frame 67 provided on the indoor side of the window frame 80. An angle piece 83 is attached to the indoor side of the window frame 80, and the wooden frame 67 is screwed to the angle piece 83.

[0026] The space between the window frame 80 and wooden frame 67 and the concrete exterior wall 30 is filled with mortar 801 and urethane foam 802, in that order from the outdoor side. In this structure, the mortar 801, which is less flammable, is placed on the outdoor side, and the urethane foam 802, which is more flammable, is placed on the indoor side, reducing the possibility of a fire spreading to the insulation layer 15 in the event of an outdoor or indoor fire. The window frame 80 is connected to the concrete exterior wall 30 via supporting steel bars 803, but because the supporting steel bars 803 are embedded in the mortar 801, corrosion of the supporting steel bars 803 is prevented, improving the durability of the window.

[0027] At the top of the window opening W (i.e., the lower end of the structure G facing the window opening W), the insulating composite panel 1 is placed on the outdoor side of the concrete exterior wall 30 and mortar 801 (FIG. 4(A)). Similarly, at the side of the window opening W, the insulating composite panel 1 is placed on the outdoor side of the concrete exterior wall 30 and mortar 801 (FIG. 5). Plate-like bodies 22, 22s are placed on the end faces of the exterior base material 11 and the insulating layer 15 of the insulating composite panel 1 on the window opening W side without coming into contact with the window frame 80.

[0028] The plate-shaped body 22, located on the lower end surface of the thermal insulation composite panel 1, has a size corresponding to the width of the window opening W and the thickness of the exterior base material 11 and the insulation layer 15. It has multiple air holes 221 that communicate with, and more preferably align with, the grooves 14 of the exterior base material 11. Outside air passes through the multiple air holes 221, enters the multiple grooves 14, and rises as an air flow 70. The shape of the air holes 221 is not limited, but is preferably rectangular or elliptical rather than circular, which may be blocked by the viscosity of air. The plate-shaped body 22 can be made of the same material as the exterior material 2, such as ordinary siding boards, cement molding boards, tiles, or metal sheets, as needed. The plate-shaped body 22 can be bonded to the lower end surfaces of the insulation layer 15 and the exterior base material 11 with an adhesive, for example. Alternatively, for example, wooden bricks (not shown) can be embedded on the mortar 801 side of the insulation layer 15, and the wooden bricks and the plate-like body 22 can be connected with a support member, so that the plate-like body 22 can be placed on the end surfaces of the insulation layer 15 and the lower end of the exterior base material 11.

[0029] A plate-like body 22a or an exterior packaging material 21 made of the same material as the exterior packaging material 2 may be laminated on the lower surface of the plate-like body 22 (FIGS. 4(B) and 4(C)). The plate-like body 22a has a plurality of holes 222 through which water that has entered between the plate-like body 22 and the plate-like body 22a can fall, thereby drying the plate-like body 22. To improve the durability of the plate-like body 22, an exterior packaging material 21 made of the same material as the exterior packaging material 2 may be laminated on the outer surface of the plate-like body 22. In addition, in FIG. 4(A), the plate-like body 22 corresponds in thickness to the exterior packaging base material 11 and the heat insulating layer 15, but the lower end surface of the exterior packaging material 2 may be flush with the lower end surfaces of the heat insulating layer 15 and the exterior packaging base material 11, and the plate-like body 22 may also cover the lower end surface of the exterior packaging material 2.

[0030] A sealant 43 is disposed between the window frame 80 and the plate-like body 22, and a backer 44 is disposed between the sealant 43 and the mortar 801. In this manner, in the structure G of the present invention, the plate-like body 22 having the plurality of air holes 221 and the window frame 80 are spaced apart with the sealant 43 and the backer 44 sandwiched between them. Therefore, even if a malfunction occurs in the sealant 43, rainwater that enters the compartment ventilation layer 7 (the plurality of grooves 14) and flows down inside the grooves 14 is not likely to be drawn into the room through the window frame. Furthermore, in the structure G of the present invention, unlike the structure shown in FIG. 6 of Patent Document 1, there is no parting frame at the bottom end of the thermal insulating composite panel 1. Therefore, there is no difference in air pressure between the bottom end of the compartment ventilation layer 7 and the outdoor air pressure. Therefore, rainwater does not enter through the window frame 80 along with the air flow. In addition, a sealing receiver 81 is provided at the outdoor end of the window frame 80, which ensures that the sealing material 43 and backer 44 are held in the required position and prevents rainwater from entering further into the window frame 80 even if a gap occurs between the insulating composite panel 1 and the plate-like body 22.

[0031] The lower parting frame 85 of the window opening W has, on its underside, a plurality of air holes 85a that communicate with the plurality of grooves 14 and a plurality of air holes 85b that communicate with the outside. The air flow 70 that has risen inside the plurality of grooves 14 is discharged to the outside through the plurality of air holes 85a and the plurality of air holes 85b. The total area of ​​the plurality of air holes 85a is preferably the same as or smaller than the total area of ​​the plurality of air holes 85b. This configuration prevents the amount of air discharged from the compartment ventilation layer 7 through the air holes 85a from being obstructed by the air holes 85b.

[0032] As shown in Fig. 5, plates 22s are also arranged on the end faces of the side edges of the thermal insulation composite panel 1. The plates 22s have a size corresponding to the height of the window opening W and the thickness of the exterior base material 11 and the thermal insulation layer 15. The same material as the exterior material 2, such as a regular siding board, cement molding board, tile, or metal plate, can be used for the plates 22s as needed. The plates 22s can be bonded to the end faces of the thermal insulation layer 15 and the exterior base material 11 with an adhesive.

[0033] In Fig. 5(A), the plate-like body 22s corresponds to the thickness of the exterior base material 11 and the heat insulating layer 15, but the end faces of the side edges of the exterior material 2 may be flush with the end faces of the heat insulating layer 15 and the exterior base material 11, and the plate-like body 22 may also cover the side end faces of the exterior material 2. A sealant 43s is placed between the window frame 80 and the plate-like body 22s and the exterior material 21s, and a backer 44s is placed between the sealant 43s and mortar 801. An exterior material 21s made of the same material as the exterior material 2 may be further laminated on the outer surface of the plate-like body 22s.

[0034] Next, another embodiment of the structure G around the window opening W will be described. FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the structure G around the window opening W. In FIG. 6, only the upper side of the window opening W is shown. In this embodiment, a recess 16 is formed on the concrete exterior wall side (indoor side) near the window opening side end face of the insulation layer 15, and this recess 16 is filled with mortar 801. The plate-like body 22 is placed on the end faces of the lower ends of the exterior base material 11 and the insulation layer 15, and has a size corresponding to the sum of the thickness of the exterior base material 11 and the thickness of the thin portion of the insulation layer 15. In this embodiment, the window frame 80 is moved toward the outdoors compared to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, and the gap between the outer window 8 and the inner window 6 is wider.

[0035] A description will now be given of yet another embodiment of the structure G around the window opening W. Fig. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the structure G around the window opening W. Also, Fig. 8 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the structure G shown in Fig. 7. In Fig. 7, only the upper side of the window opening W is shown.

[0036] In this embodiment, a recess 16 is formed on the indoor side of the lower part of the insulation layer 15. In addition, the concrete exterior wall 30 has a cast concrete section 31 on the outdoor side of the lower part. The cast concrete section 31 is designed to fit into the recess 16 of the insulation layer 15. By forming the cast concrete section 31, the plate-like body 22 can be securely fixed not only to the insulation layer 15 but also to the cast concrete section 31 with screws or the like. This allows heavy materials such as tiles or stone to be used as the plate-like body 22, and also eliminates the need for maintenance on upper floors that requires scaffolding.

[0037] In this embodiment, the sum of the thickness of the insulating layer 15 excluding the recess 16 and the thickness of the cast concrete portion 31 is equal to the thickness of the insulating layer 15 in the portion without the recess 16. Therefore, the window frame 80 is in the same position as in the embodiment shown in Figure 4, and the spacing between the outer window 8 and the inner window 6 is also the same as in the embodiment of Figure 4.

[0038] Figure 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the structure of a modified example of the embodiment shown in Figure 7. In this embodiment, as in Figure 7, a recess 16 is formed on the indoor side of the lower part of the insulation layer 15, and a cast concrete section 31 is provided on the outdoor side of the lower part of the concrete exterior wall 30. The cast concrete section 31 is designed to fit into the recess 16 of the insulation layer 15. However, the sum of the thickness of the insulation layer 15 excluding the recess 16 and the thickness of the cast concrete section 31 is smaller than the thickness of the insulation layer 15 in the part without the recess 16. Therefore, compared to the embodiment shown in Figure 4 or Figure 7, the window frame 80 is moved toward the outdoor side, and the gap between the outer window 8 and the inner window 6 is wider.

[0039] FIG. 10 shows a structure G, another variation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, in which a water-repellent material 23 is added. FIG. 10(A) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, and FIG. 10(B) is a perspective view of the water-repellent material 23. FIG. 10(B) also shows a perspective view of a window frame 80. In this embodiment, as in FIG. 7, a recess 16 is formed on the indoor side of the lower portion of the insulation layer 15, and a cast concrete portion 31 is formed on the outdoor side of the lower portion of the concrete exterior wall 30. The cast concrete portion 31 is designed to fit into the recess 16 of the insulation layer 15. However, as in FIG. 9, the sum of the thickness of the insulation layer 15 excluding the recess 16 and the thickness of the cast concrete portion 31 is smaller than the thickness of the insulation layer 15 where the recess 16 is not present. Therefore, compared to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 7, the window frame 80 is moved toward the outdoor side, and the gap between the outer window 8 and the inner window 6 is wider.

[0040] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 , a water flashing member 23 is provided on the lower end surface of the insulating composite panel 1 instead of the plate-shaped member 22. The material of the water flashing member 23 is not particularly limited and can be selected from the viewpoints of appearance (e.g., integration with the window frame 80), weight reduction, corrosion resistance, and workability. For example, a metal such as aluminum can be used. As shown in FIG. 10(B), the water flashing member 23 has a rising piece 232 extending from the interior-facing edge of the horizontal edge 231 and a falling piece 233 hanging down from the exterior-facing edge. A sealant 43 is filled between the horizontal edge 231 of the water flashing member 23 and the exterior cladding material 2 to prevent rainwater from entering. The portion of the water flashing member 23 that protrudes from the exterior cladding material 2 to the exterior serves as a water flashing portion that catches rainwater and other water that falls along the exterior surface of the cladding material 2. The water flashing member 23 can be directly fixed to the bottom end of the cast concrete section 31 and the bottom end of the exterior base material 11 using screws, for example.

[0041] A plurality of air holes 234 are provided on the horizontal edge 231, preferably so as to align with the positions of the grooves 14 of the exterior base material 11. Outside air passes through the plurality of air holes 234 into the plurality of grooves 14 and rises as air flow 70. Rainwater that has entered the grooves 14 is discharged from the air hole 234 corresponding to that groove 14. The shape of the air holes 234 is not limited, but is preferably rectangular or elliptical rather than circular, which may be closed due to the viscosity of air.

[0042] The rising piece 232 is positioned so as to abut the indoor side of the lower end of the cast concrete section 31, and a sealant 43 and a backer 44 are placed between the rising piece 232 and the window frame 80. A sealing receiver 81 is provided at the outdoor end of the window frame 80, and the rising piece 232 and the sealing receiver 81 work together to securely hold the sealant 43 and backer 44 in the required position and prevent rainwater from further infiltrating into the window frame 80 even if a gap occurs between the thermal insulation composite panel 1 and the flashing material 23. The height of the rising piece 232 can be determined appropriately taking these effects into consideration.

[0043] The standing piece 233 is provided for the purpose of allowing rainwater that flows down along the exterior material 2 to fall. The height of the standing piece 233 is preferably a dimension sufficient to prevent rainwater from flowing around the underside of the horizontal edge 231. By setting the standing piece 233 to an appropriate height, it is possible to more reliably prevent rainwater from flowing down the horizontal edge 231 to the sealing material 43 and seeping in through the window frame 80.

[0044] FIG. 11 shows structure G in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 with a waterproofing material 25 added. FIG. 11(A) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, and FIG. 11(B) is a perspective view of the waterproofing material 25. In this embodiment, a waterproofing material 25 is provided instead of the plate-like body shown in FIG. 6. The waterproofing material 25 is fixed to the base support material 17 with adhesive at the lower end of the thin portion of the insulation layer 15. The base support material 17 is positioned corresponding to the thick portion 13 of the exterior base material 11, and is also adhered to the thick portion 13 when the insulation layer 15 is adhered to the exterior base material 11. In addition, a fixing screw 171 is attached to the interior-facing side of the base support material 17 with the screw head raised, and this fixing screw 171 is fixed to mortar 801.

[0045] As shown in Figure 11(B), the water-repellent material 25 has an upright piece 252 standing up from the indoor-side edge of the horizontal side 251 and a downright piece 253 hanging down from the outdoor-side edge. Multiple air holes 254 on the horizontal side 251 are provided to align with the positions of the grooves 14 of the exterior base material 11, and outside air passes through the multiple air holes 254 into the multiple grooves 14 and rises as air flow 70. Rainwater that has entered the grooves 14 is discharged from the air hole 254 that corresponds to that groove 14.

[0046] In this embodiment, the concrete exterior wall 30 does not have a cast concrete portion 31 as shown in Figure 10, so the width of the water-repellent material 25 (the length in the thickness direction of the structure G) can be shortened, thereby reducing costs.

[0047] Figure 12 shows a structure G in which a water-repellent material 24 is provided in the embodiment shown in Figure 6, similar to the embodiment in Figure 11. Figure 12(A) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, Figure 12(B) is a perspective view of the water-repellent material 24, and Figure 12(C) is a perspective view of a slope-compatible water-permeable member 46 provided between the exterior base material 11 and the water-repellent material 24. As shown in Figure 12(B), the water-repellent material 24 has an inclined side 241 that descends toward the outdoor side, with an upright piece 242 standing up from the indoor-side edge of the inclined side 241 and a downright piece 243 hanging down from the outdoor-side edge.

[0048] The inclined side 241 has a height difference of, for example, but not limited to, about 5 mm between the edge on the outdoor side and the edge on the indoor side, and a recess extending in the length direction of the water-repellent material 24 is formed in the center in the width direction (thickness direction of the structure G). A plurality of air holes 244 are provided in the recess. The inclined side 241 is inclined so that rainwater adhering to the sloping lower side of the inclined side 241 can flow down the down-standing piece 243.

[0049] Two rows of slope-compatible water-permeable members 46 (461, 462), preferably made of plastic, are arranged between the water flashing member 24 and the lower end of the thermal insulation composite panel 1. The height of the outdoor-side slope-compatible water-permeable member 461 is made higher than the indoor-side slope-compatible water-permeable member 462 to accommodate the slope of the water flashing member 24. Each slope-compatible water-permeable member 461, 462 is composed of parallel side edges 463 and multiple partition pieces 464 arranged between the side edges 463. The indoor-side slope-compatible water-permeable member 462 is positioned corresponding to the compartment ventilation layer 7, so that the side edges 463 and the partition pieces can receive the force of rainwater falling from the compartment ventilation layer 7 and allow the rainwater to drain through the air holes 244 of the water flashing member 24 without diffusing. The presence of the slope-compatible water-permeable member 462 eliminates the need to align the positions of the multiple grooves 14 in the exterior base material 11 with the multiple air holes 244 in the water flashing member 24, making installation easier.

[0050] The outdoor-side inclination-compatible water-permeable member 461 also functions as a support for the sealing material 43 and backer 44 that are placed between the exterior material 2 and the water-repellent material 24. On the indoor side of the inclination-compatible water-permeable member 462, an insert 245 is placed between the base support material 17 and the water-repellent material 24 to adjust the water-repellent material 24 in the vertical direction and to ensure the inclination of the water-repellent material 24.

[0051] In this specification, the water-repelling members 23, 24, and 25 are described in relation to the form of Fig. 10 (a modified example of Fig. 9) and the forms of Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 (a modified example of Fig. 6), but the form in which the water-repelling members are provided is not limited to these. For example, even in the form of Fig. 4, water-repelling members having the same configuration as the water-repelling members 23, 24, and 25 can be provided in place of the plate-like body 22. [Explanation of symbols]

[0052] G. Close-fitting external insulation exterior wall structure W Window Opening 1. Insulated composite panels 11 Exterior base material 12 Thin-walled section 13 Thick wall part 14 grooves 15 Insulation layer 16 Notch 17 Substrate support material 171 Fixing screw 2, 21, 21s exterior materials 22, 22a, 22s Plate-shaped body 221, 222 air vents 23, 24, 25 Water drainage material 231, 251 horizontal piece 241 Slant piece 232, 242, 252 Standing piece 233, 243, 253 vertical piece 234, 244, 254 Air vents 245 Inserts 3 skeleton 30 Concrete exterior wall 31 Cast concrete section 33 Anti-fall anchor 331 Anchor 332 Flat head bolt 333 Joint Plate 333a Fitting hole 41 Horizontal joint 42, 421 Vertical joint 45 Ventilated Backer 43, 43s, 430, 431, 432a, 432b sealants 44, 44s, 440, 441, 442 Backer 46, 461, 462 Inclined water-permeable members 463 side 464 Partition piece 6. Interior window 61 Window Frame 62 face plate 63 Vertical Frame 641 Upper frame 642 Bottom frame 67 Wooden Frame 7-compartment ventilation layer 70 Airflow 8 Exterior window 80 Window Frame 801 Mortar 802 Urethane foam 803 Support steel bar 81 Ceiling holder 85 Cut-out Frame 85a, 85b air vents 86 Shoji screen 862 Glass

Claims

1. An exterior wall structure used for close-contact external insulation having a ventilation layer, Concrete exterior walls and a heat insulating layer in contact with the concrete exterior wall; an exterior base material having a structure in which a plurality of grooves extending in the height direction and arranged opposite the thermal insulation layer, thick portions located between the plurality of grooves and in contact with the thermal insulation layer, and thin portions located in the thickness direction of the plurality of grooves are alternately arranged in the width direction; an exterior material in contact with the exterior base material; a window opening penetrating the concrete exterior wall, the heat insulating layer, the exterior base material, and the exterior material; a window frame provided facing the window opening; Equipped with a plate-like body is disposed on at least the end surfaces of the heat insulating layer and the exterior base material on the window opening side without contacting the window frame; The plate-like body has a plurality of air holes located below the plurality of grooves. External wall structure.

2. An exterior wall structure as described in claim 1, in which a sealing material is arranged between the window frame and the plate-like body.

3. The exterior wall structure according to claim 1 , wherein the heat insulating layer has a recess on the concrete exterior wall side near the end face on the window opening side.

4. The recess is located between the window frame and the insulating layer, Mortar is placed in the recess, The plate-like body is arranged on the end surface of the heat insulating layer and the exterior base material on the window opening side, excluding at least the recessed portion, and has a plurality of air holes communicating with the plurality of grooves. The exterior wall structure according to claim 3.

5. The recess is located between the window frame and the insulating layer, A cast concrete portion formed at the bottom of the concrete exterior wall is placed in the recess, The plate-like body is arranged on at least the end surfaces of the cast concrete portion, the heat insulating layer excluding the recessed portion, and the exterior base material on the window opening side, and has a plurality of air holes communicating with the plurality of grooves. The exterior wall structure according to claim 3.

6. The exterior wall structure described in claim 5, wherein the sum of the thickness of the insulation layer excluding the recess and the thickness of the cast concrete portion is equal to the thickness of the insulation layer in the portion without the recess.

7. The exterior wall structure of claim 5, wherein the sum of the thickness of the insulation layer excluding the recess and the thickness of the cast concrete portion is smaller than the thickness of the insulation layer in the portion without the recess.

8. The exterior wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the plate-like body is a water-repellent material having a water-repellent portion extending outward from the outer surface of the exterior material.

9. The exterior wall structure according to claim 8 , wherein a slope-compatible water-permeable member is disposed between the water-repellent material and the exterior base material.

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