Magnetic compression anastomosis device with assembled vertebra

Abstract

The magnetic compression anastomosis device comprises a plurality of interconnected vertebrae, including a first vertebra and a second vertebra, each of which is an assembled vertebra having a magnet at least partially surrounded by a vertebra skin, the first vertebra and the second vertebra being interconnected by a cylindrical roller and at least one bending element, the roller and the at least one bending element being at least partially surrounded by the first vertebra skin and the second vertebra skin, the roller being configured to allow the first and second vertebrae to rotate at least between a delivery position and a collective position through a predetermined range of rotation in the device plane while preventing movement in other degrees of freedom, and the at least one bending element biases the first and second vertebrae toward the collective position.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 395,570, entitled "SUPPORT FOR MAGNETIC SEGMENTS OF A MAGNETIC ANASTOMOSIS DEVICE," filed August 5, 2022, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to deformable magnetic compression devices, and more particularly to systems, devices and methods for delivering, deforming and positioning magnetic compression devices at desired sites to enhance the accuracy of anastomosis formation between tissues, organs or the like.

[0003] background Bypasses in the gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular, or urinary systems are typically created by creating two holes in tissue and joining the holes with sutures or staples. The bypass is typically positioned to route fluids (e.g., blood, nutrients) between healthier parts of the system, bypassing diseased or dysfunctional tissue. This procedure is typically invasive, exposing patients to risks of bleeding, infection, pain, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. Furthermore, bypasses created with sutures or staples can be complicated by postoperative leaks and adhesions. Leaks can result in infection or sepsis, while adhesions can lead to complications such as intestinal strangulation and bowel obstruction. Traditional bypass procedures can be completed using endoscopes, laparoscopes, or robots, but the joining of the holes in the tissue is time-consuming. Furthermore, such procedures require specialized expertise and equipment that are not available in many surgical facilities.

[0004] Instead of sutures or staples, surgeons sometimes use mechanical couplings or magnets to create a compression anastomosis between tissues. For example, a compression coupling or pair of magnets may be delivered to the tissues to be joined together. Due to the force of the compression, the tissue trapped between the couplings or magnets is cut off from its blood supply. Under these circumstances, the tissue necrotizes and degenerates, while new tissue grows around the compression site, for example, at the edges of the coupling. After a period of time, the coupling can be removed, leaving a healed anastomosis between the tissues.

[0005] Nevertheless, the locations where compression anastomosis can be used are limited due to the difficulty of placing magnets or couplings. In most cases, magnets or couplings must be delivered as two separate assemblies, thus requiring an open surgical field or bulky delivery devices. For example, existing magnetic compression devices are limited to structures small enough to be deformed by a delivery conduit, such as an endoscopic instrument channel or laparoscopic port. When these smaller structures are used, the anastomosis formed is small and suffers from short-term patency. Furthermore, placement of magnets or couplings can be imprecise, leading to anastomosis formation in an undesirable or incorrect location.

[0006] Thus, there remains a continuing clinical need for reliable devices and minimally invasive procedures that facilitate the creation of compression anastomoses between tissues within the human body.

[0007] overview Control of the individual magnetic pieces is important during deformation of the self-forming magnetic array. Restricting the degrees of freedom to a specific set of parameters provides durability and improves control of the geometry. When connecting two separate magnets, alignment of the geometries formed by the self-forming array is also important to create a compression region around the inner periphery of the geometry with pressure high enough to block fluid exchange with the tissue.

[0008] Embodiments of the present invention utilize independent magnets connected in an assembled vertebra design. Previous innovations have utilized a single piece of alloy to form the support. The present invention utilizes individual bending segments that connect the bending armature, vertebra casing, and "rollers" or integrated "rolling nodes" to limit the degrees of freedom in the alignment and increase durability.

[0009] When two magnetic arrays are coupled, sensing of the corresponding arrays is more easily enabled by a single pole face, and embodiments of the present invention provide an internal framework that forces the like pole faces to face each other.

[0010] More specifically, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic compression anastomosis device comprises a plurality of interconnected vertebras including a first vertebra and a second vertebra, each of which is an assembled vertebra having a magnet at least partially surrounded by a vertebra skin, the first vertebra and the second vertebra being interconnected by a cylindrical roller and at least one bending element, the roller and the at least one bending element being at least partially surrounded by the first vertebra skin and the second vertebra skin, the roller being configured to allow the first and second vertebras to rotate at least between a delivery position and a collective position through a predetermined range of rotation in the device plane while preventing movement in other degrees of freedom, and the at least one bending element biases the first and second vertebras toward the collective position.

[0011] In various alternative embodiments, the vertebra skin may comprise at least one of a metal alloy, a polymer, or a composite, such as a shape memory material. The vertebra skin may be configured with various types of features, such as at least one tissue dissection element, at least one tissue compression element, and / or a tissue fixation element. Each vertebra skin may include a male node and a female node at opposite ends of the vertebra skin, where the male node may be configured to positionally fix the roller. The roller may be, for example, a hollow or solid cylinder. The bending element may include a flexible bar (e.g., including a spring mechanism, e.g., a shape memory material) or a pair of U-shaped brackets operatively connected to the roller. In some embodiments, the roller and bending element may be implemented using a coil spring or a torsion spring. The vertebra may be aligned in a substantially linear configuration in the delivery position and / or in a circular or polygonal configuration in the assembly position. The vertebra may include a proximal end vertebra and a distal end vertebra that are magnetically coupled to one another in a collective position.

[0012] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a magnetic compression anastomosis system includes a delivery device having a lumen and at least one magnetic compression anastomosis device as described above pre-positioned within the lumen of the delivery device in a delivery orientation.

[0013] Additional embodiments may be disclosed and claimed.

[0014] Those skilled in the art will more fully appreciate the advantages of various embodiments of the present invention from the following Description of Exemplary Embodiments, which is discussed in conjunction with the drawings, compiled immediately below. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates a magnet assembly being delivered through an endoscopic instrument channel such that the individual magnets self-assemble into a larger magnetic structure, in this particular case an octagon. [Figure 2A] FIG. 10 shows a magnet assembly delivered to and deformed in adjacent tissue. [Figure 2B] 1 shows two magnet assemblies connected to each other by magnetic attraction and capturing intervening tissue. Optionally, an endoscope may be used to cut through the surrounded tissue. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 illustrates several possible anatomical targets for anastomosis creation; arrow A is from the stomach to the small intestine, arrow B is from the small intestine to the large intestine, arrow C is from the small intestine to the small intestine, arrow D is from the large intestine to the large intestine, and arrow E is from the stomach to the large intestine. [Figure 4A] FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of delivery using two endoscopes (a colonoscope and an enteroscope or gastroscope) to deliver the magnet assemblies. [Figure 4B] FIG. 10 illustrates another embodiment of delivery using two upper endoscopes that both share a transoral access to deliver the magnet assembly. [Figure 5] 10A-10C show another embodiment of delivery using a single endoscope to deliver magnet assemblies sequentially. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of ultrasound-guided needle delivery in which one magnet assembly is delivered into lumen #1 and then a second magnet assembly is deformed in lumen #2. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 illustrates the creation of a leading anastomosis that serves as a conduit for deeper endoscopic delivery, followed by the creation of multiple subsequent anastomoses. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 illustrates laparoscopic delivery of a magnetic device into a lumen (in this example, the stomach). [Figure 9A] FIG. 10 illustrates endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle delivery of a magnetic assembly into the gallbladder. [Figure 9B] 9A illustrates the coupling of a magnetic assembly in the gallbladder to a second magnetic assembly in the stomach or duodenum. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 illustrates stent deployment between the gallbladder and the stomach or duodenum. [Figure 11] 10A-10C illustrate another embodiment of an intragallbladder magnet assembly that is a balloon filled with fluid, gas, or magnetic material that is tethered to an endoscope and initially delivered through an ultrasound-guided needle. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 shows endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle delivery of a magnetic assembly into a bile duct. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 shows the delivery of a magnet ensemble into the bile duct by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. [Figure 14] 1A and 1B show the coupling of an intrabiliary magnet assembly with a second magnet assembly that has been deformed within the stomach (A) or duodenum (B). [Figure 15] 10 shows another embodiment of a biliary magnetic anastomosis in which the hinged magnetic biliary stent swings back on itself by magnetic attraction to form an anastomosis between the bile duct and the duodenum. FIG. [Figure 16] 1A-1C illustrate a magnetic stent that may be delivered into the pancreatic duct. The stent can be coupled to a magnet in the stomach (A) or duodenum (B) to form a drainage anastomosis for the pancreatic duct. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 shows a magnet assembly delivered into the pancreatic fluid reservoir (dotted structure) using ultrasound-guided needle / catheter delivery, and then coupled to a second magnet assembly that has been deformed within the stomach. [Figure 18] FIG. 1 illustrates different targets for anastomosis between the urinary and digestive systems: renal calyx (A), ureter (B), and bladder (C). [Figure 19] FIG. 10 shows magnet assemblies within adjacent vessels for joining to form a vascular anastomosis. [Figure 20] 1A-1C illustrate magnet assemblies in different parts of the respiratory system for forming anastomoses between adjacent bronchioles. [Figure 21] FIG. 1 shows an outer magnet assembly used to create a colostomy for fecal drainage and an inner magnet assembly inside the digestive tract. [Figure 22]FIG. 10 is an exploded view of an assembled vertebra of a self-assembling magnetic compression anastomosis device in accordance with certain embodiments. [Figure 23] 23 is an enlarged view of the various components shown in FIG. 22, also showing an example of a bending element according to certain embodiments. [Figure 24] 10A-10C illustrate alternative bending elements in accordance with certain embodiments. [Figure 25] 1A-1C illustrate various geometries of cross sections of magnetic segments according to certain embodiments. [Figure 26] 1A-1C illustrate examples of rollers in the form of torsion springs in accordance with certain embodiments.

[0016] It should be noted that the figures described above and the elements shown therein are not necessarily drawn to consistent or any scale. Unless the context suggests otherwise, like elements are labeled with like reference numerals. The figures are primarily for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive subject matter described herein.

[0017] Description of exemplary embodiments Exemplary embodiments provide improved devices and techniques for minimally invasively creating anastomoses within the body, for example, within the digestive tract. Such devices and techniques facilitate faster and more cost-effective treatment for chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Such techniques also reduce the time and pain associated with palliative treatment for diseases, such as cancer, for example, stomach or colon cancer.

[0018] The system generally includes an access device configured to be provided inside a patient's hollow body and to assist in the formation of an anastomosis at a target site (desired anatomical location) within the hollow body, forming an anastomosis between a first portion of tissue in the hollow body at the target site and a second portion of tissue in an adjacent hollow body, such as between the gallbladder and stomach, between the stomach and duodenum, or between the ileum and large intestine. The access device provides access to the first portion of tissue in the hollow body and is further configured to deliver and position a first implantable magnetic anastomosis device. A second implantable magnetic anastomosis device is delivered to the adjacent hollow body, for example, using the same or a second access device. The first and second implantable magnetic anastomosis devices are configured to be magnetically attracted to each other through a defined tissue region of a combined thickness of the tissue wall at the target site, applying a compressive force to the defined region to form the anastomosis.

[0019] The systems, devices, and methods described herein include, but are not limited to, various access devices for accessing a hollow body of a patient, such as a gallbladder, for securing and positioning the access device and then deploying one of a pair of magnetic anastomotic compression devices. The systems, devices, and methods described herein also include various delivery devices for delivering at least one of the pair of magnetic anastomotic compression devices to a target site, where, optionally, a delivery device consistent with the present disclosure may deform at least one of the pair of magnetic anastomotic compression devices and then secure it to the target site and / or assist in coupling the pair of magnetic anastomotic compression devices to one another. The systems, devices, and methods described herein include various embodiments of magnetic anastomotic compression devices and various designs for transitioning from a compact delivery position to a larger deformed position, generally by a self-assembling design.

[0020] More specifically, exemplary embodiments provide a system including a delivery device for introducing and delivering a pair of magnetic assemblies between adjacent organs using minimally invasive techniques to bridge the tissue walls of each organ, thereby forming a passageway (i.e., an anastomosis) between them. When a blockage occurs (due to disease or another health problem), the delivery device is particularly useful for delivering a pair of magnetic assemblies to a target site within the digestive tract, thereby forming an anastomosis between the stomach wall and the gallbladder wall to provide proper drainage from the gallbladder.

[0021] Thus, the illustrative embodiments provide improved devices and techniques for minimally invasively forming anastomoses within the body, for example, within the digestive tract. Such devices and techniques facilitate faster and more cost-effective treatment for chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Such techniques also reduce the time and pain associated with palliative treatment for diseases, such as cancer, for example, stomach or colon cancer.

[0022] In endoscopic procedures, for example, a single endoscope may be used to deliver a self-assembling magnetic device. An exemplary magnetic anastomosis device is delivered through the endoscope, allowing the individual magnetic segments to self-assemble into a larger magnetic structure. When used with the techniques described herein, the device, if transformed into a complete assembly, allows for the delivery of larger magnetic structures than previously possible through small delivery conduits, for example, within a standard endoscope. The larger magnetic structures, in turn, allow for the formation of stronger and larger anastomoses, resulting in greater surgical success. For example, in some cases, the resulting anastomosis may have a 1:1 aspect ratio relative to the final dimensions of the assembled magnetic device. However, exemplary embodiments allow for larger aspect ratios (i.e., the formation of larger anastomoses relative to the dimensions of the magnetic assembly). Notably, prior art systems and methods involving the use of magnets to form anastomoses are generally limited based on the dimensions of the working channel of the scope or catheter used to deliver such magnets, which limits the resulting size of the anastomosis. However, the magnetic assembly design of exemplary embodiments overcomes these limitations. For example, the magnetic assembly design, particularly the interconnection of multiple magnetic segments via the support, allows any number of segments to be included in a single assembly, thereby allowing the resulting anastomosis to have a larger size relative to the dimensions of the working channel of the scope. For example, in some embodiments, the resulting anastomosis may include an aspect ratio in the range of 2:1 to 10:1 or greater.

[0023] A magnetic anastomosis device generally comprises magnetic segments that can assume a delivery configuration and a deformed configuration. The delivery configuration is typically linear, allowing the device to be delivered to tissue via a laparoscopic "keyhole" incision or via a natural route, such as delivery through the esophagus, using an endoscope or similar device. Furthermore, the delivery configuration is typically somewhat flexible, allowing the device to be guided through various curvatures within the body. Once the device is delivered, it automatically transforms from the delivery configuration to the deformed configuration, thereby assuming a deformed configuration of a desired shape and size. The self-transformation from the delivery configuration to the deformed configuration occurs via a linking structure that allows the magnetic segments to move as desired without intervention. Exemplary self-assembling, e.g., self-closing, self-opening, or similar, magnetic anastomosis devices are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,870,898, 8,870,899, 9,763,664, and 10,182,821, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0024] Control of the individual magnetic pieces is important during deformation of the self-forming magnetic array. Restricting the degrees of freedom to a specific set of parameters provides durability and improves control of the geometry. When connecting two separate magnets, alignment of the geometries formed by the self-forming array is also important to create a compression region around the inner periphery of the geometry with pressure high enough to block fluid exchange with the tissue.

[0025] 22, the magnetic compression anastomosis device 100 includes a plurality of magnetic segments 101 (three of the eight magnetic segments 101 in this embodiment are labeled, but it should be noted that the embodiment is not limited to any particular number of magnetic segments). For convenience, the magnetic segments 101 may be referred to herein as vertebrae 101, and each individual magnetic segment 101 may be referred to as a given vertebra 101.

[0026] The vertebra 101 is configured to allow movement between a delivery orientation of the device 100 (typically substantially linearly aligned to fit within a delivery device, e.g., a catheter, endoscope, laparoscope, trocar, needle, or another delivery device) and a fully assembled orientation of the device 100 (e.g., a circular or polygonal orientation) while limiting undesirable degrees of freedom of one or more vertebras, such as twisting, over-rotation, under-rotation, and deviations from plane, which would result in incomplete assembly or non-assembly of the device 100. Thus, while embodiments of the device 100 may be self-assembling devices (e.g., automatically and autonomously transitioning to the fully assembled orientation after delivery), embodiments may additionally or alternatively include additional elements (e.g., sutures, wires, etc.) to assist or manually deploy the device 100 into its fully assembled configuration. For purposes of this discussion, the plane of the device 100 may be considered to be a plane extending through the center of the vertebra when in the fully assembled orientation. The vertebra 1010 includes a proximal end vertebra and a distal end vertebra that are magnetically coupled to one another in a collective orientation to form a circular or polygonal configuration.

[0027] As discussed in more detail below, in certain embodiments, each vertebra 101 may be an assembled vertebra including a vertebra skin 102 that completely or partially surrounds one or more magnets 103 and other components discussed herein. The device 100 may be configured with a variety of different magnetic polarity configurations, such as vertebras 101 all having the same polarity, vertebras 101 with alternating polarities, vertebras 101 with pairs of alternating polarities, vertebras 101, etc. The present invention is not limited to any particular polarity configuration.

[0028] Each pair of adjacent interconnected vertebrae 101 is rotatably connected by a cylindrical roller 104. For purposes of this discussion, the cylindrical roller is generally a hollow cylinder (e.g., tubular), but in some embodiments may be a solid cylinder. The roller 104 may be used to provide radial constraints to limit degrees of freedom and thus torsionally stiffen the assembly. The roller 104 may be constructed from a metal alloy, polymer, and / or composite. The roller 104 is preferably configured to allow rotation of the vertebrae 101 in the device plane but otherwise restrict other degrees of freedom. The roller 104 may include features, such as protrusions or recesses, that help secure the roller 104 between the two vertebrae 101 and / or control the amount of rotation that can occur between the two vertebrae 101, for example, to provide radial constraints to limit degrees of freedom and thus torsionally stiffen the assembly. The rollers 104 may be constructed of any suitable material, such as a metal alloy, a polymer, and / or a composite. The rollers 104 may be separate components adapted to fit between two or more magnets 103. Each magnet 103 may include a notch at each end adapted to fit the roller and allow movement in one plane but prevent movement in a 90° different plane.

[0029] Each pair of adjacent interconnected vertebras 101 typically also includes a bending element 106 (an example of which is shown in FIG. 23 ) that serves to move the vertebras 101 from the delivery position to the assembled position. For example, the bending element 106 may function as a spring (e.g., the bending element may include a spring or may be formed from a shape memory material) and may be biased toward the assembled position, thereby biasing the vertebras 101 toward the assembled position after delivery of the device 100. The bending element 106 may be constructed from any suitable material, such as a metal alloy, polymer, and / or composite, particularly a shape memory material. In various embodiments, the bending segment is positioned at the outer periphery of the array between two vertebra skins. However, it should be noted that the bending segment may also be positioned at the inner periphery of the array. The bending segment serves to stiffen the array and limit its degrees of freedom. The bending member may also serve to assist in deforming the array into the appropriate assembled geometry.

[0030] The vertebra skin 102 may be formed from any suitable material, such as a metal alloy, polymer, and / or composite, and may in particular be formed from or include a shape memory material. The vertebra skin 102 surrounds the magnet 103 and serves to secure the rollers 104 and bending elements 106 within the device 100, thereby providing a protective layer while also limiting their degrees of freedom. The vertebra skin 102 may be secured to the magnet 103 with or without additional fasteners, such as screws, pins, adhesives, interlocking members, etc. Thus, for example, the magnet 103, roller 104, and bending elements 106 may be positioned for assembly, and the vertebra skin 102 may be attached over the magnet 103, roller 104, and bending elements 106 to surround the components. As shown, the vertebra skin 102 may incorporate male nodes 108 and female nodes 110 at opposite ends of the vertebra, which can interact with nodes of the opposite gender on another vertebra. A male node 108 on one segment engages or joins with a female node 110 on another segment. The integrated nodes support movement in one plane while limiting another degree of freedom. The male nodes 108 may assist in securing the rollers 104 and / or bending elements 106 within the device 100. The integrated nodes may include stops, as indicated at 112, to limit additional degrees of freedom, for example, to prevent "kyphosis" or excessive "lordosis" of the array. The stops may provide interference between the vertebras while allowing a predetermined amount of rotation about the axis of interaction between the male and female nodes.

[0031] FIG. 23 is an expanded view of the various components shown in FIG. 22, and also shows an example of a bending element 106, in this example in the form of a bar with a central spring section formed, for example, from a shape memory material. Without limitation, the bending element 106 may be configured to fit within a passage 114 in the magnet 103 or any other configuration (e.g., above or below a roller 104, which may include a bending element support 105 on which the bending element 106 rests to provide a fulcrum for the bending element 106), thereby allowing the bending element 106 to control the movement of the vertebra 101, for example, biasing the vertebra 101 toward a collective position. Embodiments may include one, two, or more bending elements 106, for example, bending elements 106 located on either side of the vertebra 101, and associated elements, for example, elements 105 and 114. The bending element 106 may be a single device or may include multiple components.

[0032] FIG. 24 illustrates an alternative bending element 106, which in this example includes two oppositely oriented U-shaped brackets, indicated at 116, that function as biased springs, similar to the bending element 106 shown and described above in connection with FIG. 23, along with a roller 104 and a magnet 103. Specifically, a U-shaped bracket may be disposed at each end of the magnetic segment. The U-shaped brackets hold the roller 104 in place, allowing rotation in one plane but restricting out-of-plane movement. The U-shaped brackets may be constructed from any suitable material, such as a metal alloy, polymer, and / or composite, and may in particular be formed from or include a shape-memory material. The U-shaped brackets allow movement in a given plane but prevent torsional movement and movement in a 90° different plane. The rollers and U-shaped brackets may fit directly onto the magnetic segments, or within the vertebra skin, for example, the U-shaped brackets may be secured by rollers 104, as indicated at 116, and may extend along the length of the magnetic segments, for example, within passageways 114. The rollers 104 may include bending element supports to secure the U-shaped brackets in a position that allows for biasing toward the assembled orientation. By interlocking the rollers 104 to the magnets 103, the rollers 104 and U-shaped brackets 106 act to provide structure and shape to the array while also providing stiffening and preventing torsional movement within the array. This allows for more control over the final placement of the magnetic compression anastomosis device and prevents undesirable geometries from forming.

[0033] As shown in FIG. 25, the vertebra 101 of the present invention allows for a variety of geometries for different cross sections of the magnetic array. For example, the vertebra skin 102 may include smooth and / or patterned features and may be configured with different outer geometries to achieve different anastomosis goals. For example, geometry (a) has a concave surface, geometry (b) has a convex surface with a notch, geometry (c) has sharp side convexities that may assist in dissecting the tissue, and geometry (d) has a flat surface that may compress and necrotize larger areas of tissue. The vertebra 101 may include other features, such as various types of convexities or concaves, that help, for example, to anchor the device 100 to the tissue. All vertebras may use the same geometry, or different vertebras may use different geometries.

[0034] As a reminder, while in the above-described embodiment the bending elements 106 are enclosed below the surface of the vertebra skin, alternative embodiments may position the bending elements 106 on the outside of the vertebra skin.

[0035] As a reminder, although two example bending elements 106 are shown and described herein, the present invention is not limited to these or any particular bending elements. For example, the bending elements may include coil springs. In some embodiments, a spring (e.g., a coil spring or torsion spring) may act as both a roller and a bending element, as shown, for example, schematically in FIG. 26.

[0036] As a reminder, in certain embodiments, device 100 may be provided within a delivery device, such as a catheter, endoscope, laparoscope, trocar, needle, or another delivery device, and thus, a delivery device combined with device 100 may be considered an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Embodiments may also include methods of fabricating device 100, for example, by providing various components (e.g., magnets, rollers, bending elements, and vertebra skins), positioning the rollers and bending elements between two magnets, securing them as needed (e.g., securing the bending elements inside the magnet passages), and placing the vertebra skins over the magnets, rollers, and bending elements.

[0038] As a reminder, the kit may include magnets, rollers, bending elements, and different types of vertebra skins having different configurations that may be used for different types of anastomoses, thereby allowing different devices 100 to be prepared depending, for example, on the amount and type of pressure required for a particular procedure, the location of the procedure, and the size of the anastomosis to be formed.

[0039] As a reminder, self-assembling magnetic anastomosis addresses many historical shortcomings of traditional anastomosis by, for example, enabling minimally invasive, surgical-quality anastomosis using devices that reproducibly reassemble in vivo into larger magnetic structures of a predetermined shape. The constraints imposed by the described embodiments are envisioned to allow the device to consistently self-assemble into the correct shape upon deformation, thereby significantly reducing the risk of surgical complications due to malformed devices or premature removal, reducing risks associated with surgical access, and ensuring that anastomoses are formed with the correct geometric attributes. Overall, this ensures the patency of the anastomosis.

[0040] Thus, as described herein, embodiments include a flexible, linear magnetic device comprising articulated magnetic multipole segments that self-assemble when extruded from the end of a deformation passage or lumen to form a rigid multipole polygonal ring magnet (PRM; generally, a "magnetic device"). Self-assembly occurs through a configuration of magnets, rollers, bending elements, and vertebra skin that can return to a predetermined shape. Generally speaking, the physical and magnetic structure of the deformable magnetic device is such that when two magnetic devices approach each other, the magnetic attractive interaction that creates a coupling between the magnetic devices is rapidly strengthened. In some cases, pre-alignment of complementary devices is required; however, in other cases, as discussed in more detail below, the devices self-align by undergoing a rapid in-plane rotation relative to one another. As discussed in more detail below, a system including a magnetic device may include an endoscope having sensors that enable it to sense the position of the corresponding magnetic device or the position of another endoscope that will deform the corresponding device.

[0041] When coupled magnetic devices are deformed on adjacent tissue, e.g., adjacent organs or different regions of the same organ, they form a compression ring that can be surgically released or allowed to form an anastomosis without further intervention. As the mating devices remain, the compression force on the tissue collapses the vasculature and forces out fluids within the tissue, further reducing the distance between the devices and increasing the magnetic attraction. After a period of time, the coupled devices finally fully couple and fall, leaving behind the formed anastomosis. This sequence begins when the devices approach within a "capture range," whereby their mutual attractive force is sufficient to align the devices and clamp the intervening tissue, resisting the natural flexibility and movement of the tissue under normal physiological function.

[0042] Overall, the device design specifications depend on the patient and the intended anastomosis. Design specifications may include the required capture range, the desired effective inner and outer diameters of the deformed polygonal ring (e.g., as defined by the desired anastomosis size and instrument passageway), the thickness of the target tissue, the inner diameter of the guide passageway and the minimum radius of curvature through which the guide passageway may be curved and through which the magnet must pass. Once the design specifications are selected, the corresponding magnetic device design, e.g., the number and length of polygonal sides and the maximum lateral dimension of the flexible linear magnetic structure that will be deformed through the delivery instrument, may be determined.

[0043] A variation of device 100 is generally shown in FIG. 1 . When used with the techniques described herein, the device, if transformed as a complete assembly, allows for the delivery of larger magnetic structures than previously possible through small delivery conduits, e.g., within a standard endoscope. Larger magnetic structures, in turn, allow for the creation of stronger and larger anastomoses, resulting in greater surgical success. Because magnetic devices are generally radiopaque and echogenic, the devices may generally be positioned using fluoroscopy, direct visualization (transillumination or tissue indentation), and ultrasound, e.g., an ultrasound endoscope. The devices may also be decorated with radiopaque paint or another marker to help identify the polarity of the device during placement. In some embodiments, the devices are positioned using a sensor located near the delivery lumen, which may sense the corresponding device position using, for example, a reed switch or Hall-effect sensor.

[0044] Generally, as shown in FIG. 2A, magnetic anastomosis involves placing first and second magnetic structures adjacent to target tissues, thus bringing the tissues together. The magnetic devices are generally deformed, causing the opposing poles of the magnets to attract and hold the tissues together. Both devices may be deformed in vivo, or one may be deformed in vivo and the other ex vivo. Once the magnets are deformed, the tissue surrounded by the magnetic structures may be incised, providing an instant anastomosis, as shown in FIG. 2B. In another embodiment, the tissue surrounded by the devices may be allowed to necrotize and deteriorate, thereby providing an opening between the tissues. While the figures and structures in this disclosure primarily relate to circular or polygonal structures, it should be understood that the delivery and configuration techniques described herein may be used to form a variety of deformable magnetic structures. For example, the self-assembling magnets may reassemble into polygonal structures, such as circles, ellipses, squares, hexagons, octagons, decagons, or other geometric structures that form closed rings. The devices may further include handles, suture loops, barbs, and protrusions as needed to achieve desired performance and to make delivery (and removal) easier.

[0045] As described in connection with the figures, the self-assembling magnetic anastomosis device may be placed by a variety of techniques, e.g., endoscopically, laparoscopically, or with a catheter (e.g., without direct visualization, fluoroscopy, etc.). Regardless of the method of device delivery, it is important to note that the surgery to create the anastomosis may be completed without tissue perforation after confirmation of magnetic engagement. As previously mentioned, the compression anastomosis process may proceed over the following days, resulting in the natural formation of an opening between the tissues. The bound magnet may be allowed to naturally egress, or the magnet may be retrieved in an additional surgical procedure. Alternatively, if immediate bypass is deemed necessary, the tissue surrounded by the magnet may be incised or perforated. Perforation may be achieved by various techniques, e.g., cauterization, microscalpel, or needle and guidewire access followed by balloon dilation of the tissue.

[0046] In some embodiments, the self-assembling magnetic device is used to create a bypass in the digestive tract. Such a bypass may be used for the treatment of cancerous obstructions, weight loss, or obesity, or for the treatment of diabetes and metabolic diseases (i.e., metabolic surgery). Such a bypass may be created endoscopically, laparoscopically, or a combination of both. Figure 3 illustrates various digestive anastomosis targets that can be addressed by the device of the present invention: from the stomach to the small intestine (A), from the stomach to the large intestine (E), from the small intestine to the small intestine (C), from the small intestine to the large intestine (B), and from the large intestine to the large intestine (D). In endoscopic procedures, the self-assembling magnetic device may be delivered using two simultaneous endoscopes, such as an upper endoscope or enteroscope in the upper small intestine and a colonoscope in the lower small intestine, as shown in Figure 4A. Alternatively, two simultaneous upper endoscopes (e.g., one in the stomach and the other in the small intestine) may be used to place the device, as shown in Figure 4B. In another embodiment, the self-assembling magnets may be delivered sequentially through the same endoscope, which is moved between a first and a second deformation position. For example, in Figure 4A, a single oral endoscope may deliver and deform one self-assembling magnet into the small intestine, withdraw it, and then deform a second, interrelated magnet in the stomach. Again, magnetic coupling may be confirmed using fluoroscopy. Figure 5 shows removal of the single endoscope after deployment of the two magnetic devices.

[0047] Various techniques may be used to detect the deformed first magnetic device and assist in the placement of the corresponding second structure. Once the first device is deformed at the desired anastomosis location, the two deformed magnetic devices must sense each other's magnetic fields so that they can align and provide the necessary compressive force to facilitate the formation of the anastomosis. Ideally, the devices can be roughly positioned (e.g., using ultrasound) within a few centimeters of each other, where the magnets self-capture and self-align. If this is not possible, other techniques may be used, such as one of the following: The first positioning technique involves direct contact using two endoscopes. In this case, displacement of one endoscope within an adjacent lumen causes a displacement that is seen by the other endoscope within the adjacent lumen. The displacement identifies a potential intersection point for the anastomosis location. For example, a magnetic deformation tool (described below) will be deflected by the presence of the deformed device on the other side of the tissue wall.

[0048] A second positioning technique involves transillumination, whereby high-intensity light from one endoscope is directed at the lumen wall of the proposed anastomosis site. Using this technique, another endoscope in an adjacent lumen locates light that diffuses through the lumen wall and is projected onto the wall of the adjacent lumen. This light represents the potential anastomotic intersection. A cap or lens may be placed over the illuminating endoscope to further highlight and pinpoint the proposed intersection. Similar techniques may use radio or ultrasound transducers and receivers to appose the endoscope tips. In some embodiments, the system may include an endoscope with a sensor and a magnetic anastomosis device for endoscopic deformation.

[0049] A third positioning technique involves magnetic sensing to determine the proximity of a deformed ring magnet within adjacent lumens. By maximizing the sensed magnetic field, the minimum distance between adjacent passageways can be identified. The magnetic sensor may be supported on a probe inserted down the working passage of the endoscope and may utilize common magnetic sensing technologies, such as a Hall effect sensor or a reed switch.

[0050] Through transillumination and magnetic sensing, additional accessories may assist in delivering the magnetic device to the correct anastomosis site. An endoscope or laparoscope may deform a radially expanding ring structure that can press-fit and attach itself to the outer diameter of the scope. The outer diameter of the expanding element is sized to allow the deformed device to attach itself (again, potentially with a press fit) to the expanding element. The radial mating of the expanding element and magnetic device about the endoscope axis allows the endoscope to be guided to the ideal anastomosis location by direct contact, transillumination, or magnetic sensing, and the corresponding magnetic device can then be released when the anastomosis site has been identified.

[0051] In another embodiment, the self-assembling magnet device may be delivered using ultrasound guidance, for example, an ultrasound endoscope. For example, a suitable small intestinal target may be identified using an ultrasound endoscope within the stomach. As shown in FIG. 6, a delivery needle 600 (e.g., an aspiration needle) or catheter may be used to access the small intestinal target and deliver the self-assembling magnet into the small intestinal lumen. Delivery may be guided by fluoroscopy or an ultrasound endoscope. After self-assembly, the small intestinal magnet would be coupled to a second set of magnets that had been transformed within the stomach. The two devices may be delivered by the same needle or different needles. The first device may be delivered by an endoscope and the second device by a needle, or vice versa.

[0052] In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7 , the first anastomosis created in the initial procedure may be used to provide a gateway for creating a second anastomosis. This process could, in theory, be repeated multiple times to create additional anastomoses. For example, a gastrojejunostomy (from the stomach to the mid-small intestine) could serve as a conduit for creating a second, more distal gastrojejunostomy. Ultimately, in this particular scenario, the stomach would have multiple bypasses to the small intestine. Furthermore, more anastomoses could potentially be added to "titrate" for a particular clinical effect (e.g., hypoglycosylated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes). In alternative embodiments, anastomoses could be placed to provide gateways for different types of surgery, such as tumor removal.

[0053] In another embodiment of delivery, self-assembling magnets may be delivered laparoscopically through a surgical incision into a target organ (e.g., the stomach and small intestine) and connected to form an anastomosis, as shown in Figure 8. Again, this procedure may be performed with fluoroscopy or ultrasound, and may be purely laparoscopic or a combination of endoscopic and / or laparoscopic and / or needle techniques.

[0054] Digestive anastomoses may be used to address a number of diseases. An anastomosis or series of anastomoses between the proximal and distal intestine may be used to treat obesity and metabolic diseases, such as type II diabetes and dyslipidemia. Such surgery may be used to induce weight loss and improve metabolic profiles, such as lipid profiles. The intestine includes any segment of the digestive tract extending from the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the anus. In some embodiments, an anastomosis is created to bypass diseased, deformed, or dysfunctional tissue. In some embodiments, an anastomosis is created to alter the "normal" digestive process to reduce or prevent another disease, such as diabetes, hypertension, autoimmune disease, or musculoskeletal disease.

[0055] The self-assembling magnetic devices discussed herein can be used to create a side-to-side anastomosis that does not require removal of intermediate tissue, as is common with state-of-the-art weight loss procedures. That is, the devices of the present invention (or other means for creating an anastomosis) can be used to create an alternative, partial bypass pathway for fluids (e.g., gastric juices) and nutrients (e.g., food) while maintaining at least a portion of the old pathway. This design allows for tailoring the ratio of "normal" to "altered" digestion based on the goals of the procedure. In other words, the described procedure allows the physician to select the ratio of food / fluid diverted through the new (partial) bypass to that diverted through the old pathway. In most cases, the fraction diverted through the bypass limb will move the patient toward the desired clinical endpoint (e.g., weight loss, improvement in glycosylated hemoglobin, improvement in lipid profile, etc.). The mechanism for achieving the endpoint may include, for example, early macronutrient delivery to the ileum accompanied by stimulation of L cells and increased GLP-1 production. The mechanism may involve a loss of efficiency in nutrient absorption, particularly of glucose, leading to decreased blood glucose levels. However, at the same time, the fraction diverted to the old pathway protects against known metabolic complications sometimes associated with bariatric surgery, such as excessive weight loss, malabsorption diarrhea, electrolyte abnormalities, and malnutrition.

[0056] The size, location, and possibly number of anastomoses will be important to achieve the desired ratio of bypass (e.g., rerouting food and secretions to the new pathway, e.g., 70%, 80%, 90%, or 100% of the time). For example, in gastrojejunostomies, it may be important to place the anastomoses independently to take advantage of the effects of gravity. Also, instead of circular anastomoses, it may be better to create an oval anastomosis to maximize anastomosis size. Alternatively, multiple gastrojejunostomies may be used to titrate for specific clinical endpoints (e.g., glycosylated hemoglobin in type II diabetes). Most of the procedures described herein may be used to place one or more anastomoses as needed to achieve the desired clinical endpoint. For example, the two endoscopic procedures shown in Figures 4A and 4B may be used to create a partial bypass of a portion of the intestine. Based on the desired ratio of bypassed to non-bypassed nutrients, the anastomoses shown in Figures 4A and 4B may be made larger, e.g., greater than 1 cm in opening diameter, or multiple smaller anastomoses may be placed to achieve the desired ratio.

[0057] The procedure can also be tailored. For example, a first anastomosis may be created, and then, based on clinical testing performed after surgery, one or more anastomoses may be added to improve the clinical test results. Based on later clinical results, additional anastomoses may be required. Alternatively, the situation can be partially reversed by closing one or more anastomoses. Because the partially bypassed tissue was not removed, this tissue can be restored to near-normal function by the passage of greater amounts of nutrients, etc. Anastomoses may be closed with clips, sutures, staples, etc. In another embodiment, plugs may be placed at one or more anastomoses to limit the rate of nutrients crossing the "normal" pathway. Furthermore, an anastomosis can be closed at one location in the intestine, and then a new anastomosis can be placed at a different location. Thus, a partial bypass or a series of partial bypasses between segments of intestine can be generally tailored to achieve a clinical endpoint, as illustrated, for example, in FIG. 3 .

[0058] The described procedures may be used in conjunction with procedures to remove or block bypassed tissue, as is common in bariatric surgery. For example, the gastrojejunostomy may be connected with a pyloric plug (gastric obstruction) or another closure of the pylorus (e.g., a suture closure) to allow food to be diverted entirely through the new bypass. Such procedures may be used, for example, to bypass diseased tissue, such as due to cancer.

[0059] In another category of procedures, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) may be used to facilitate guided transgastric or transduodenal access into the gallbladder to place a self-assembling magnetic anastomosis device. Once gallbladder access is achieved, various strategies may be utilized to maintain a patent portal between the stomach and gallbladder or between the duodenum and gallbladder. In another embodiment, gallstones may be retrieved and fluids drained endoscopically. For example, an anastomosis may be created between the gallbladder and stomach using the described methods. Once the gallbladder is accessed transgastricly or transduodenally, gallstones can be removed. Additionally, the gallbladder mucosa may be resected using any number of modalities, including, but not limited to, argon plasma coagulation (APC), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and sclerosing agents (e.g., ethanolamine or ethanol).

[0060] One strategy for forming a portal is to deform self-assembled magnets through an endoscopic needle under ultrasound guidance in either the gallbladder or the stomach or duodenum. The magnets then mate to form a compression anastomosis or fistula. A second strategy for forming a portal is to deform self-assembled magnets through an endoscopic needle 600, as shown in Figures 9A and 9B. While the interlocking magnetic assemblies are illustrated as octagonal, the closed frame may take the shape of any polygonal structure, such as a square, circle, triangle, hexagon, heptagon, nonagon, decagon, or dodecagon. One such device may be deformed in the gallbladder, and a corresponding device may be deformed in the stomach or duodenum. As described above with respect to gastrointestinal deformation, the tissue surrounded by the two magnetic devices may be incised using cauterization, a microscalpel, a needle knife, or another deformable cutting mechanism. In another embodiment, the connected tissue may be necrosed to form an anastomosis.

[0061] However, the device need not be limited to forming holes. Other structures may be coupled to one or more corresponding magnetic devices to provide additional functionality. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, a stent may be deployed between tissues, such as the gallbladder and stomach. Alternatively, the gallbladder magnet may be coupled to a balloon-based device filled with air, fluid, magnetic pieces, or magnetic particles. When inflated, the balloon would act as an anchor within the bile duct after placement. The balloon may also have a ring configuration that allows immediate access after coupling to a second magnet. See, for example, FIG. 11. Regardless of the embodiment, however, it is important to include the initial access route within the coupled magnet, i.e., not leave a path for bile escape. Otherwise, the opening could allow bile leakage, resulting in peritonitis.

[0062] Another medical application for self-assembling magnets is direct biliary access. Currently, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is performed to achieve decompression for malignant biliary strictures. The biliary tract is accessed retrogradely through the papilla under endoscopy, and a stent is deformed around a guidewire across the stricture. The stent often requires subsequent surgery for replacement, irrigation, or placement of an additional, overlapping stent. The need for replacement and irrigation is required to counteract the high rate of infection of the biliary system (i.e., cholangitis) with ERCP. Due to its high morbidity, ERCP is typically limited to patients without other options for addressing pancreatic disease.

[0063] However, the devices of the present invention can be used to easily create an anastomosis (a choledochogastric anastomosis and a choledochoduodenostomy, respectively) between the bile duct (preferably the main bile duct) and the duodenum or stomach. This anastomosis is permanent and typically does not require intervention if located away from diseased tissue. In embodiments, the biliary magnetic device is delivered directly into the bile duct under endoscopic ultrasound guidance. As described below, the self-assembling magnetic device is pushed through a needle or catheter and then deforms into the proper configuration. Fluoroscopy or ultrasound can then be used to confirm that the device has self-assembled and is in the proper position. In some embodiments, the magnetic device can be tethered to the delivery needle or catheter by a detachable wire or suture, allowing for mechanical retraction until optimal positioning is confirmed.

[0064] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, the magnetic device may be delivered endoscopically to the bile duct through the duodenal wall. In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, the biliary magnet may be delivered conventionally retrogradely into the bile duct through the ampulla. One advantage of retrograde delivery is that it avoids needle puncture across a tissue plane, as is the case with the modified method shown in FIG. 12. However, regardless of the method for delivering the biliary magnet, a second magnetic device is required within the lumen of the stomach (A) or duodenum (B), as shown in FIG. 14. Typically, this decision depends on the patient's anatomy (e.g., the size of the duodenal lumen) and the location of the initial biliary magnet. In an ultrasound-assisted needle delivery-based scenario, the second magnetic device may be connected to the biliary magnet via the detachable wire described above and then pushed through the same delivery needle / catheter. Alternatively, the second device may be pre-attached to the exterior of the endoscope and slid into position for coupling after deformation of the biliary magnet. This latter procedure may be more applicable to forward-looking ultrasound endoscopes, but may be used with endoscopes in general.

[0065] In another embodiment, the biliary magnet is a balloon-based device filled with air, fluid, magnetic pieces, or magnetic particles, similar to those described above in connection with cholecystoscopy. When inflated, the balloon would act as an anchor within the bile duct after placement. In embodiments, the balloon may have a ring configuration that allows for immediate access after coupling to a second magnet. Furthermore, as with the cholecystoscopy described above, the biliary magnetic device may be used with a stent form factor. In embodiments, the stent has an inner biliary magnet and a hinged outer magnet. The stent may be inserted retrogradely into the bile duct through the ampulla. The hinged outer magnet can then be swung around the inner biliary magnet and coupled to the inner biliary magnet to form a fistula between the bile duct and the duodenum, as shown in FIG. 15 .

[0066] The magnetic device of the present invention may be used to treat pancreatic diseases. For example, the pancreatic duct requires decompression in certain conditions, such as chronic pancreatitis. Currently, extensive pancreatic duct decompression requires surgery (e.g., a Peustow procedure, in which the pancreas is incised along the axis of the pancreatic duct and connected to a loop of small intestine to improve pancreatic duct drainage). Instead of a Peustow procedure, extensive pancreatic duct decompression may be achieved by creating a large magnetic compression anastomosis between the pancreatic duct and the stomach or duodenum using a magnetic pancreatic catheter, as shown in Figure 16. The catheter may be magnetic along its entire length or only at specific intervals. The catheter may be in the form of a stent or straw. The pancreatic duct may be accessed using conventional ERCP (retrograde cannulation through the ampulla) or by direct needle access using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). The magnetic pancreatic catheter may be delivered into the pancreatic duct and connected to a second magnetic device in the stomach or duodenum. As in the biliary scenario described above, the magnetic pancreatic catheter may also be hinged to a second magnetic device.

[0067] The self-assembling magnetic device may be used to access and drain fluid collections located adjacent to the gastrointestinal tract, as shown in FIG. 17. For example, after a bout of pancreatitis, a pancreatic fluid collection may form, requiring drainage. While drainage can be performed using surgery or a percutaneous catheter, endoscopic drainage, while more clinically relevant and cost-effective, has been found to be complicated by bleeding, perforation, and / or inadequate drainage. As an alternative to surgical drainage, the magnetic device of the present invention may be delivered into the collection through a needle or sharp catheter under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance, as shown in FIG. 17. After assembly, the first magnetic device is coupled to a second magnetic device placed within the gastrointestinal lumen (e.g., stomach). To increase the rate of removal after drainage, the first magnet may be tethered by a connecting wire, as previously described. As previously described, the intervening tissue may be dissected using electrocautery or dilation, followed by needle and wire access. Additional devices, such as magnetic coupling clamps, may be used to control blood flow and allow for "bloodless" endoscopic access into the reservoir.

[0068] The self-assembling magnets may be used in urological applications, such as to create a bypass to treat an obstructed urogenital tract, as shown in FIG. 18. For example, a magnetic anastomosis may be formed between the renal calyx and the intestine (A), between the ureter and the intestine (B), or between the bladder and the intestine (C). The self-assembling magnetic devices of the present invention may be delivered into the urogenital tract using an endoscope, laparoscope, or needle, as described above. The interrelated magnetic devices may also be delivered into the gastrointestinal tract using an endoscope, laparoscope, or needle, as described above. In another embodiment, the devices may be used in reproductive procedures, such as bypassing a portion of an obstructed fallopian tube or bypassing a vasectomy.

[0069] In yet another application, the self-assembling magnetic devices may be used to form vascular anastomoses or treat cardiac disease. For example, a magnetic anastomotic coupling may be formed between adjacent blood vessels by the magnetic devices, as shown in FIG. 19. In embodiments, the self-assembling devices may be delivered by a vascular delivery device, such as a catheter. Additionally, shunts may be placed to bypass weak or blocked portions of the vasculature, as described above in connection with gallbladder and pancreatic applications.

[0070] Self-assembled magnets may also be used in pulmonary applications, such as bypassing airways to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For example, a magnetic anastomosis may be formed by deforming a self-assembled magnetic device within adjacent bronchioles, as shown in Figure 20. Creating a pulmonary "bypass" can also reduce the airway resistance that characterizes respiratory diseases such as COPD.

[0071] The self-assembling magnetic device may be used to form an artificial anastomosis, for example, to divert stool flow into a collection bag. For example, a magnetic anastomosis may be formed by transforming a self-assembling magnet within the digestive tract (e.g., the large intestine) and then connecting the inner magnet to an external magnet worn and secured at skin level, as shown in Figure 21. The external magnetic device may be further connected to a third magnetic device connected to the storage device. Such a system allows for easy removal of the storage device for cleaning, etc.

[0072] While various embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated herein, those skilled in the art will readily envision numerous alternative means and / or structures for performing the functions and / or obtaining the results and / or one or more advantages described herein, and each of such variations and / or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention described herein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are exemplary, and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and / or configurations will depend on one or more particular applications in which the teachings of the present invention are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain, using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein. Accordingly, it should be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, embodiments of the present invention may be practiced other than as specifically described and claimed. The inventive embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and / or method described herein. Furthermore, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits and / or methods is included within the inventive scope of the present disclosure, provided that such features, systems, articles, materials, kits and / or methods are not mutually inconsistent.

[0073] Various aspects of the present invention may be implemented as one or more methods, examples of which are provided. Acts performed as part of a method may be ordered in any suitable manner. Thus, although shown as sequential acts in an exemplary embodiment, embodiments may be constructed in which the acts are performed in an order different from that shown, and may include performing some acts simultaneously.

[0074] All definitions defined and used herein are understood to take precedence over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and / or ordinary meanings of the defined terms.

[0075] The indefinite articles "a" and "an," as used in the specification and claims of this application, unless otherwise indicated, should be understood to mean "at least one."

[0076] The phrase "and / or," as used in the specification and claims of this application, should be understood to mean "either or both" of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some instances and disjunctively present in other instances. Multiple elements listed with "and / or" should be construed in the same manner, i.e., "one or more" of the elements so conjoined. Other elements, whether related or unrelated to the elements specifically identified by the "and / or" phrase, may optionally be present apart from those specifically identified elements. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to "A and / or B," when used in conjunction with open-ended language, such as "comprising," may mean, in one embodiment, A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, both A and B (optionally including other elements), etc.

[0077] As used in the specification and claims of this application, "or" should be understood to have the same meaning as "and / or" as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, "or" or "and / or" should be construed as being inclusive, i.e., including at least one, but also more than one, of a number or list of elements and, optionally, additional unlisted items. In contrast, only express terms such as "only one of" or "exactly one of," or, when used in the claims, "consisting of," should mean the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term "or" as used herein, when preceded by exclusive terms, such as "either," "one of," "only one of," or "exactly one of," should be construed to indicate exclusive alternatives (i.e., "one or the other, but not both"). "Consisting essentially of," when used in the claims, should have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law.

[0078] As used in the specification and claims of this application, the phrase "at least one" in reference to a list of one or more elements should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed in the list of elements, and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows for elements, whether related or unrelated to the specifically identified elements in the list of elements to which the phrase "at least one" refers, to be optionally present apart from such specifically identified elements. Thus, as a non-limiting example, "at least one of A and / or B" (or equivalently, "at least one of A or B" or equivalently, "at least one of A and / or B") can mean, in one embodiment, at least one A, but optionally including more than one, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, at least one B, but optionally including more than one, with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, at least one A, but optionally including more than one, and at least one B, but optionally including more than one (and optionally including other elements); etc.

[0079] As used in the specification and claims of this application, all transitional phrases, such as "comprising," "including," "carrying," "having," "containing," "involving," "holding," "composed of," and the like, are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limiting. Only the transitional phrases "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of" are closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively, as set forth in the United States Patent Office Manual of Patent Examining Procedures, Section 2111.03.

[0080] Various embodiments of the present invention may be characterized by the potential claims recited in the paragraphs following this paragraph (and before the actual claims provided at the end of this application). These potential claims form part of the written specification of this application. Accordingly, the subject matter of the following potential claims may be presented as actual claims in a later proceeding, including this application or any application claiming priority from this application. The inclusion of such potential claims should not be construed to mean that the actual claims do not exhaust the subject matter of the potential claims. Accordingly, a decision not to present such potential claims in a later proceeding should not be construed as a donation of that subject matter to the public. Nor are these potential claims intended to limit the various claims that may be filed.

[0081] Potential subject matter that may be claimed (prefaced with the letter "P" to avoid confusion with the actual claims presented below) includes, but is not limited to, the following:

[0082] P1. An individual magnetic vertebra section for a magnetic compression anastomosis device, comprising: a vertebra skin comprising a metal alloy, polymer and / or composite; bending segments configured as tension members; spring-elastic bending members configured to assist in the formation of an array; and rollers configured to provide radial constraints to limit degrees of freedom, thereby stiffening the array from a torsional standpoint.

[0083] P2. The vertebra of claim P1, further comprising rollers or nodes configured to permit rotation in one plane but limit a torsional degree of freedom by 90°, and stops configured to limit one or more degrees of freedom.

[0084] P3. The vertebra of claim P1, further comprising a male node of a first vertebra configured to interlock with a female node of a second vertebra, said vertebras being shaped to provide interference with one another to permit a predetermined amount of rotation about an axis of said male and female nodes.

[0085] While various embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed in the foregoing, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made which will achieve several of the advantages of the present invention without departing from the true scope of the invention. Any reference to the present "invention" is intended to refer to exemplary embodiments of the invention and should not be construed as referring to all embodiments of the invention unless the context otherwise requires. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive.

Claims

1. 1. A magnetic compression anastomosis device, comprising:

1. A magnetic compression anastomosis device comprising: a plurality of interconnected magnetic segments, including a first magnetic segment and a second magnetic segment, each of the first magnetic segment and the second magnetic segment being an assembled magnetic segment comprising a magnet at least partially surrounded by a magnetic segment skin; the first magnetic segment and the second magnetic segment being interconnected by a cylindrical roller and at least one bending element, the roller and the at least one bending element being at least partially surrounded by the magnetic segment skin of the first magnetic segment and the magnetic segment skin of the second magnetic segment; the roller being configured to permit the first and second magnetic segments to rotate at least between a delivery position and an assembled position through a predetermined range of rotation in a device plane while preventing movement in other degrees of freedom; and the at least one bending element biasing the first and second magnetic segments toward the assembled position.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic segment skin comprises at least one of a shape memory material, a metal alloy, a polymer, or a composite.

3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic segment skin is configured with at least one tissue cutting element, at least one tissue compression element, and / or at least one tissue fixation element.

4. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein each magnetic segment skin includes a male node and a female node at opposite ends of the magnetic segment skin, the male nodes configured to at least one of cover an end of the roller and fix the roller in place.

5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the roller is a hollow or solid cylinder.

6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the bending element comprises a flexible bar.

7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the flexible bar comprises at least one of a spring mechanism or a shape memory material.

8. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rollers and the bending elements are realized by means of coil springs or torsion springs.

9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic segments are aligned in a substantially linear configuration in the delivery position and arranged in an annular configuration in the assembly position.

10. The device described in claim 9, wherein the magnetic segments include a proximal end magnetic segment and a distal end magnetic segment that are magnetically coupled to each other in the collective position.

11. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one bending element comprises a pair of bending elements that span the first and second magnetic segments on opposite sides of the magnet at opposite ends of the roller and are retained within the magnetic segment skins.

12. Each end of the roller includes a bending element support, or The device of claim 11 , wherein the magnet includes a passageway and the bending element is secured within the passageway.

13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one bending element comprises a pair of U-shaped brackets operatively connected to the roller.

14. The roller includes a bending element support for fixing the U-shaped bracket in a position that allows it to be biased toward the assembly position, or 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the at least one bending element includes first and second U-shaped brackets oriented in opposite directions that function with the roller and the first and second magnetic segments to urge the first and second magnetic segments toward the assembled position, the first U-shaped bracket being at least partially surrounded by a first magnetic segment skin to secure the first U-shaped bracket to the first magnetic segment, the second U-shaped bracket being at least partially surrounded by a second magnetic segment skin to secure the second U-shaped bracket to the second magnetic segment, and the first and second U-shaped brackets function to hold the roller in position between the first magnetic segment and the second magnetic segment.

15. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the magnets of the first magnetic segment include passages on opposite sides thereof to which the first U-shaped brackets are secured, and the magnets of the second magnetic segment include passages on opposite sides thereof to which the second U-shaped brackets are secured.

16. 1. A magnetic compression anastomosis system, comprising: a delivery device comprising a lumen; at least one magnetic compression anastomosis device according to any one of claims 1 to 15 pre-positioned inside the lumen of the delivery device in a delivery position; A magnetic compression anastomosis system comprising:

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