Method for forming an electric double layer capacitor

Abstract

To provide a soil charging method.SOLUTION: A charging method includes providing a separator in a conductive portion in which an electrically conductive material is mixed into soil containing ions, inserting a positive electrode into the electrically conductive material and compacting the electrically conductive material to connect the positive electrode, inserting a negative electrode into the electrically conductive material and compacting the electrically conductive material to connect the negative electrode, applying voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and introducing anions to the positive electrode and cations to the negative electrode.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for forming an electric double layer capacitor capable of storing electricity. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, it has been proposed to use concrete as a capacitor by blending electrically conductive nanoporous carbon with cement and using the fluidity of water to form a nanoporous carbon network (see, for example, Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 1,151,2022 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, Patent Document 1 only proposes storing electricity in concrete to create a capacitor, and does not propose any other applications or safety measures for actual use.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming an electric double layer capacitor using soil. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The method of claim 1 Formation of electric double layer capacitors The method is ion and moisture In soil containing Soaked in water Electrically conductive materials stirring A separator is provided in the conductive portion containing the electrically conductive material, and the conductive portion containing the electrically conductive material is compacted in a state where a positive electrode is inserted in the conductive portion containing the electrically conductive material. adjusting the contact state between the soil containing the ions and the moisture and the electrically conductive material;The positive electrode is held by the conductive part, and the electrically conductive material and the positive electrode are connected. In a state where the negative electrode is inserted into the conductive part in which the electrically conductive material is mixed, the conductive part in which the electrically conductive material is mixed is compacted. adjusting the contact state between the soil containing the ions and the moisture and the electrically conductive material; The negative electrode is held by the conductive portion, and the electrically conductive material and the negative electrode are connected to each other. of A voltage is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and anions are introduced into the positive electrode. Attraction and adding cations to the negative electrode. It's attracting. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] The method of claim 1 Formation of electric double layer capacitors According to the method, electricity can be stored using soil mixed with electrically conductive materials. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] This is a cross-sectional view showing soil placed in a glass container with two copper plates inserted into the soil. [Figure 2] This is a cross-sectional view showing a mixture of soil and carbon black placed in a glass container with two copper plates inserted into the mixture. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the state of a capacitor during charging. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the arrangement of a separator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, which are part of the capacitor configuration, on a slab. [Figure 5] This is a partial cross-sectional view showing the mixture backfilled in the earthen floor area. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the state of the foundation structure after compaction. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing temporary scaffolding and protective netting installed near the foundation structure. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a safety net equipped with perovskite solar cells. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the arrow AA in FIG. 8. [Figure 10] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control device for controlling charging and discharging of a capacitor in the first embodiment. [Figure 11] 10 is a diagram showing the state in which a separator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, which are part of the capacitor configuration, are arranged on a lined foundation of the second embodiment. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] (First embodiment) The first embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10. In this first embodiment, an electrically conductive material is mixed into soil to form conductive soil, and this conductive soil is used to provide a capacitor 11, which will be described later. In this first embodiment, the electrically conductive material is a material that has electronic conductivity, which allows electrons to move, and ionic conductivity, which allows ions to move. In this first embodiment, a combination of carbon black and binchotan charcoal is used as the electronically conductive material, and soil 2 containing moisture is used as the ionic conductive material, but the present invention is not limited to this.

[0010] (Preliminary experiment to confirm the insulating properties of soil) Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing soil 2 placed in a glass container 1 with two copper plates 3 inserted into the soil 2. The soil 2 was collected in Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, and was placed in the glass container 1 after being sieved through a sieve with 4.75 mm openings.

[0011] When soil 2 was tested, the density of the soil particles was found to be 2.660 g / cm 3 The natural water content was 35.7%. The particle size of Soil 2 was 4.5% gravel, 39.5% sand, 42.0% silt, and 14.0% clay. As a result, Soil 2 was classified as sandy silt.

[0012] Sandy silt contains calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) and magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ), soil 2 can be used as an electrolyte. If the electrolyte substance in soil 2 is insufficient, calcium ions (Ca 2+ ), potassium ions (K +), magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ), sodium ions (Na + ) or other cations with a high ionization tendency can be added to the soil 2 as an electrolyte substance.

[0013] For example, cement contains calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) and can be mixed with soil 2 as soil cement.

[0014] When the test leads of the tester were contacted to each of the two copper plates 3, no continuity was confirmed, resulting in a non-conductive state. As a result, no continuity was confirmed in the soil 2.

[0015] (Soil mixed with electrically conductive material) The aforementioned soil 2 was mixed with an electrically conductive material. The electrically conductive material used was a combination of carbon black and binchotan charcoal, but this is not limited thereto. For example, a single carbon-derived material (e.g., binchotan or activated carbon) may also be used as the electrically conductive material. Carbon black forms a carbon network and, when mixed with soil 2, reduces the internal resistance of soil 2 and is an ideal material for increasing the charge capacity of soil 2. Binchotan charcoal is an ideal material for absorbing and releasing ions. In this first embodiment, acetylene black, produced by the thermal decomposition of acetylene, was used as the carbon black. However, Ketjenblack, a registered trademark, whose primary particles have a hollow shell structure, may also be used, or inexpensive activated carbon may be used. In this case, activated carbon with mainly micropores or mesopores is preferred.

[0016] The carbon-derived binchotan may be crushed or may be commercially available powdered binchotan. Activated carbon with macropores may be used instead of binchotan.

[0017] Although acetylene black and binchotan charcoal are hydrophobic substances, they become somewhat compatible with water when soaked in water for about a day. In this case, it is preferable to stir them for about 10 to 30 minutes immediately after soaking them in water. In this first embodiment, acetylene black and binchotan charcoal were each soaked in water before being mixed with soil 2. This improves the compatibility between soil 2, acetylene black, and binchotan charcoal.

[0018] The amount of acetylene black added is between 5% and less than 20% by weight of soil 2. If the amount of acetylene black added is 5% or more by weight of soil 2, a carbon network can be formed within soil 2. If the amount of acetylene black added is 20% or more by weight of soil 2, the resistance value of mixture 4, which will be described later, will be further reduced, but in this first embodiment, the amount is set to less than 20% in consideration of the price and cost-effectiveness of acetylene black.

[0019] The amount of Binchotan charcoal added is 8% or more and less than 25% by weight of soil 2. If the amount of Binchotan charcoal added is 8% or more by weight of soil 2, charging using ions of soil 2 by capacitor 11, which will be described later, becomes possible. The amount of Binchotan charcoal added may be 25% or more by weight of soil 2, but in this first embodiment, it is set to less than 25% in consideration of the price and cost-effectiveness of Binchotan charcoal.

[0020] The amount of binchotan charcoal to be added varies depending on the properties of soil 2, the amount of electrolyte contained in soil 2, and whether or not an electrolyte is added, so the above amount should be used as a guideline. Taking into account the performance of capacitor 11 (charge amount, charging time, etc.) described below, it is preferable that the amount of binchotan charcoal be greater than the amount of acetylene black. The amount of acetylene black to be added may be determined taking into account the internal resistance (several ohms to tens of ohms) when mixed with soil 2.

[0021] In the first embodiment, the mixture 4 was prepared by mixing the soil 2, acetylene black, and crushed binchotan charcoal for several minutes (1 to 2 minutes) using a mixer.

[0022] (Experiment to confirm the conductivity of the mixture) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a mixture 4 is placed in a glass container 1 and two copper plates 3 are inserted into the mixture 4. As shown in FIG.

[0023] When the test leads of a tester were contacted with each of the two copper plates 3, the resistance value was about 20 to 30 Ω, confirming the conductivity of the mixture 4. This confirmed that an electrically conductive network had been formed in the soil 2 by carbon black, a carbon-derived material.

[0024] The reason why the resistance value fluctuates by about 10 Ω is because gas (air) gets mixed into mixture 4, making the contact state of the electrically conductive material unstable. For this reason, mixture 4 was manually compacted using a metal tamping rod, and the resistance value of mixture 4 was measured again.

[0025] After manual compaction, the resistance of Mixture 4 was about 18-20 Ω, and it was confirmed that the resistance decreased and the fluctuations in the resistance also decreased. Note that this resistance can be reduced to a few Ω by increasing the amount of carbon black added to 10-15%.

[0026] In this first embodiment, the mixture 4 is a conductive portion in which an electrically conductive carbon network is formed, and this conductive portion is used to realize a capacitor 11 as a charged device that utilizes ions of the earth 2.

[0027] (Experiment to confirm electricity storage using a mixture) Fig. 3 shows the state of capacitor 11 during charging, and is shown as a cross-sectional view excluding power source 8. As shown in Fig. 3, after a separator 5 is attached to glass container 1, mixture 4 is placed therein, and then a positive electrode 6 and a negative electrode 7 are inserted into mixture 4 to form capacitor 11 of the first embodiment.

[0028] The separator 5 prevents the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 7 from coming into direct contact with each other and short-circuiting, while allowing ions in the mixture 4 to pass through the formed carbon network. In the first embodiment, the separator 5 can be made of a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, or a polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate. Alternatively, the separator 5 can be made of a cellulose-derived nonwoven fabric or paper (e.g., Japanese paper or kitchen paper). The separator 5 is fixed to the glass container 1 with insulating tape. Alternatively, the separator 5 may be placed in the glass container 1 by being sandwiched between insulating materials.

[0029] The positive electrode 6 can be made of a material that does not easily react chemically with the ionic substances contained in the soil 2, such as copper, aluminum, platinum, or a carbon material. In this first embodiment, a copper plate 3 is used. The positive electrode 6 is connected to a carbon network formed from acetylene black. An electric double layer is formed near the surface of the binchotan charcoal connected to this carbon network, and the positive electrode 6 is charged by attracting anions with the opposite charge.

[0030] The negative electrode 7 can be made of a material that does not easily react chemically with the ionic substances contained in the soil 2, such as copper, aluminum, platinum, or a carbon material. In this first embodiment, a copper plate 3 is used. The negative electrode 7 is connected to a carbon network formed from acetylene black. An electric double layer is formed near the surface of the binchotan charcoal connected to this carbon network, and the negative electrode 7 is charged by attracting cations with the opposite charge.

[0031] The power supply 8 is used when charging the capacitor 11, and may be a constant voltage power supply, a constant current power supply, or the like.

[0032] One end of the wire 9 is connected to the positive electrode 6, and the other end is connected to the + output terminal of the power source 8. One end of the wire 10 is connected to the negative electrode 7, and the other end is connected to the − output terminal of the power source 8.

[0033] In the first embodiment, charging was performed at a voltage of 1 V to 3 V using a constant voltage power supply as the power supply 8. When the water content of the mixture 4 was high, charging was performed at 1.2 V or less to prevent hydrogen generation, and when the water content of the mixture 4 was low, i.e., when hydrogen generation was low, charging was performed at 3 V.

[0034] After charging for a few minutes or 5 to 10 minutes (depending on the state of mixture 4), wires 9 and 10 were connected to a rotary motor (not shown), which rotated. This confirmed that a carbon network was formed in soil 2 using acetylene black, and that ions were being absorbed and released by binchotan charcoal, an ion-absorbing material. In other words, it was confirmed that electricity could be stored using mixture 4.

[0035] In addition, Mixture 4 was newly prepared in the above weight ratio, and sodium ions (Na + ) was added. Specifically, several hundred cc of 5% saline solution was added. Then, as in the case of the previous example, it was charged at a voltage of 1.2 V for the same time (several minutes or about 5 to 10 minutes). After that, when wire 9 and wire 10 were connected to the rotary motor, the rotary motor generated sodium ions (Na + ) was added.

[0036] In this way, the amount of charge in the capacitor 11 increases by adding cations, and therefore the capacitor 11 can supply a large amount of power.

[0037] Furthermore, in civil engineering and construction, soil has played a role as the ground and foundation, but according to the first embodiment, in addition to these, soil also plays a role in storing electricity, making it possible to realize an electric double layer capacitor using soil.

[0038] (Application of capacitors to buildings) The following continues the explanation of the case where the above-mentioned capacitor 11 is applied to a building. Here, it is assumed that it is applied to a foundation 30. In the first embodiment, it is assumed that the capacitor 11 is applied to a foundation 30 consisting of a continuous footing 40 and a concrete slab 60.

[0039] Although details will be described later, the foundation structure 30 comprises a continuous footing 40, a slab 50, a mixture 4 as backfill material, and a concrete slab 60. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which a separator 5, a positive electrode 6, and a negative electrode 7, which are part of the configuration of a capacitor 11, are arranged on a continuous footing 40. Note that at an actual construction site, multiple continuous footings 40 are formed along the X-axis direction and the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in the figure to form a foundation structure 30. Therefore, capacitors 11 can be installed in multiple locations.

[0040] The continuous footing 40 is made of concrete with reinforcing bars arranged, and on its upper surface are formed shear reinforcement bars 41 and main reinforcement bars 42 extending perpendicular to the paper surface. The inner surface 40a of the continuous footing 40 corresponds to the inner surface of the glass container 1, and therefore an insulating agent is applied or sprayed on it to ensure insulation. Examples of insulating agents that can be used include, but are not limited to, alkylalkoxysilane-based insulating agents and silanesiloxane-based insulating agents.

[0041] The slab 50 is made of concrete and is installed on the ground 45 in the space surrounded by the continuous footing 40. It extends perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. In this first embodiment, the slab 50 holds or houses the components that make up the capacitor 11. The upper surface 50a of the slab 50 corresponds to the bottom surface of the glass container 1, and an insulating agent is applied or sprayed onto the upper surface 50a to ensure insulation. Examples of insulating agents that can be used include, but are not limited to, alkylalkoxysilane-based insulating agents and silanesiloxane-based insulating agents. As described above, in this first embodiment, the opposing inner surfaces 40a of the continuous footing 40 and the upper surface 50a of the slab 50 form an insulating container.

[0042] Although U.S. Patent No. 1,151,2022, listed in the prior art, discloses storing electricity in concrete, it does not disclose how to insulate reinforcing bars when they are placed in the concrete. In contrast, in the first embodiment, a mixture 4, in which an electrically conductive material is mixed into soil, is insulated by the opposing inner surface 40a of the continuous footing 40 and the top surface 50a of the slab 50. Therefore, even if reinforcing bars are placed inside or on the top surface of the continuous footing 40, there is no need to insulate the reinforcing bars. Furthermore, because the earthen floor 46 is a large space, even if the charge per unit area is small, the large volume of the mixture 4 allows for the storage of a large amount of electricity.

[0043] The slab 50 is formed with a first holding portion 51 for holding the separator 5, a second holding portion 52 for holding the positive electrode 6, and a third holding portion 53 for holding the negative electrode 7. The first holding portion 51, the second holding portion 52, and the third holding portion 53 each have a recess, which is formed by pouring concrete into formwork that matches the shape of each portion when pouring concrete for the slab 50.

[0044] Since first holding portion 51 is required to have insulating properties, it is desirable to apply or spray the insulating agent described above. Furthermore, in order to reliably hold separator 5, separator 5 can be reliably held by elastically deformable and insulating resin material 54. Note that although resin material 54 is provided on both sides of separator 5 in FIG. 4, separator 5 may be held by providing resin material 54 on only one side of separator 5. In this way, separator 5 is fitted in the recess of first holding portion 51 by resin material 54.

[0045] In the first embodiment, the second holding portion 52 and the third holding portion 53 have the same shape. By making the second holding portion 52 and the third holding portion 53 the same shape, a common formwork can be used, thereby reducing the cost of pouring concrete. Note that the second holding portion 52 and the third holding portion 53 may be omitted, and the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 7 may be held by the mixture 4.

[0046] When constructing the foundation structure 30, soil is excavated from the ground 45 using heavy construction machinery such as a backhoe. The excavated soil is then used as backfill material to fill the earthen floor area 46 (described later) after the continuous footing 40 is constructed. In the first embodiment, an electrically conductive material is mixed with the excavated soil to form the mixture 4. This mixing may be performed, for example, using the bucket of a backhoe at the construction site, or by a worker. The aforementioned electrolyte material may also be replenished at this time.

[0047] Here, it is preferable to place the mixture 4 produced at the construction site in the glass container 1 shown in Figure 2 and measure the resistance value of the mixture 4 produced at the construction site. It is also preferable to charge the mixture 4 produced at the construction site and measure the current value and capacitance during charging. Based on these measurement results, it is possible to realize a capacitor 11 with excellent charging performance by further adding crushed binchotan charcoal or carbon black to the mixture 4 used as backfill material or by supplementing it with an electrolyte substance. In this way, if the mixture 4 for the capacitor 11 is produced using soil excavated at the construction site, the costs of procuring and transporting the soil can be reduced.

[0048] In the first embodiment, the space surrounded by the continuous footing 40, the slab 50, and a deck 58 (see FIG. 6) described below forms an earthen floor 46. FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the state in which the mixture 4 has been backfilled in the earthen floor 46.

[0049] As shown in Figure 5, the mixture 4 is buried in the earthen floor 46 so that it does not exceed the height of the separator 5, the positive electrode 6, the negative electrode 7, and the base 40. This ensures the insulation of the capacitor 11. Note that, since the mixture 4 is simply backfilled in the earthen floor 46, air exists inside the mixture 4. If air exists inside the mixture 4 and the contact between the mixtures 4 is unstable, the internal resistance value of the mixture 4 will increase and the measured internal resistance value will not be stable.

[0050] Therefore, if the mixture 4 backfilled in the earthen floor area 46 is compacted, the shear resistance of the mixture 4 increases and the internal resistance value can be reduced, thereby improving the performance of the capacitor 11. Figure 6 is a diagram showing the state of the foundation structure 30 after compaction. As shown in Figure 6, the height of the mixture 4 has been reduced by compaction.

[0051] 6, a resin sheet 55, a first pipe member 56, a second pipe member 57, a deck 58, and a concrete slab 60 are newly shown. Resin sheet 55 is a sheet for preventing rainwater from splashing on capacitor 11, and in the first embodiment, a polyethylene sheet is used. Note that in the first embodiment, floor concrete 60 can prevent rainwater from splashing on capacitor 11. For this reason, in the first embodiment, resin sheet 55 may be omitted, or resin sheet 55 may be used until floor concrete 60 is constructed.

[0052] In the first embodiment, the first pipe member 56 is a CD pipe, and is a pipe member through which the wiring 9 from the positive electrode 6 passes. The second pipe member 57 is a CD pipe, and is a pipe member through which the wiring 10 from the negative electrode 7 passes.

[0053] In the first embodiment, it is desirable to check the operation of capacitor 11 before pouring the concrete floor 60. To check the operation, it is desirable to charge capacitor 11 and also discharge it. Although one capacitor 11 is illustrated in FIG. 5 and other figures, multiple capacitors 11 are provided at a construction site. When multiple capacitors 11 are connected in series, it is desirable to check the operation of charging and discharging with the multiple capacitors 11 connected in series.

[0054] Furthermore, depending on the results of this operation check, it may be determined whether or not to add the aforementioned electrolyte substance. The determination regarding the addition of the electrolyte substance may be made by an operator, or may be made by the control device 20 or a host computer, which will be described later.

[0055] Although the deck 58 is shown simply, it is supported on the continuous footing 40 and covers the dirt floor area 46. In the first embodiment, the deck 58 is made of steel, and has openings formed therein to allow the first pipe member 56 and the second pipe member 57 to pass through.

[0056] The concrete floor 60 is made of concrete and is supported by the continuous footing 40. The concrete floor 60 has a hatch 59, which will be described later, and openings 60a and 60b formed therein.

[0057] Hatches 59 are metal parts that open and close openings 60a and 60b, and the hatch 59 on the +X side is shown in an open state, while the hatch 59 on the -X side is shown in a closed state.

[0058] The opening 60a has an opening provided opposite the positive electrode 6, and is an opening that allows access to the positive electrode 6, the first pipe member 56, and the second pipe member 57 through the opening in the deck 58.

[0059] The opening 60b has an opening provided facing the negative electrode 7, and is an opening that allows access to the negative electrode 7 and the second pipe member 57 through the opening in the deck 58. The number of openings 60a and openings 60b is not limited to two, and may be one, or three or more. The sizes and positions of the openings 60a and openings 60b can also be set appropriately.

[0060] In the first embodiment, for example, a pipe may be provided to supply the electrolyte substance to the mixture 4 through the opening 60a and an opening in the deck 58. In this case, the electrolyte substance is preferably supplied in the form of a solution, for example, by dissolving it in water.

[0061] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which a temporary scaffolding 61 and a protective net 65 are set up near the foundation structure 30.

[0062] The temporary scaffolding 61 is an external scaffolding such as, but not limited to, a bitty scaffolding.

[0063] The protective net 65 is provided on the +X side (outside) of the temporary scaffolding 61, and is a net for preventing tools and other objects from falling as a safety measure for nearby pedestrians. The protective net 65 is attached to the components that make up the temporary scaffolding 61 via binding members (not shown). In this first embodiment, the protective net 65 is provided with perovskite solar cells 70.

[0064] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a protective net 65 equipped with perovskite solar cells 70. As shown in FIG. 8, the protective net 65 has perovskite solar cells 70 joined in the form of strips along the Y-axis direction to the surface of a mesh 76, which is the base material of the protective net 65. If perovskite solar cells 70 were joined to the entire surface of the mesh 76, the breathability that is one of the functions of the protective net 65 would be lost. For this reason, in the first embodiment, the perovskite solar cells 70 are joined only partially to the mesh 76. When the protective net 65 is installed on the temporary scaffolding 61, the perovskite solar cells 70 may be arranged so as to extend along either the X-axis direction or the Z-axis direction.

[0065] The mesh 76 has multiple mesh openings and is made of a resin material (e.g., polyester) that is resistant to rain, heat, and the like. To reduce the effects of wind, the mesh 76 preferably has a void ratio of 10% to 55%, in other words, a solidity ratio of 45% to 90%. Furthermore, the mesh 76 can have a mesh spacing (grid spacing) of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 3 mm, to make it difficult for foreign objects to pass through. Note that minute foreign objects that pass through a mesh spacing of 0.5 mm or 1 mm are practically unavoidable.

[0066] In the first embodiment, the porosity of the mesh 76 may be set according to the area of ​​the mesh 76 covered by the perovskite solar cells 70. For example, suppose that the porosity of a conventional protective net not provided with perovskite solar cells 70 is 20%. Here, if the perovskite solar cells 70 cover 50% of the area of ​​the mesh 76, then by using a mesh 76 with a porosity of 35% to 45%, preferably 40%, it is possible to ensure breathability of the protective net 65 as a whole.

[0067] Furthermore, the mesh 76 is coated with a thermally conductive agent for conducting heat from the perovskite solar cell 70 to the mesh 76, forming thermally conductive portions 77 (see FIG. 9). Because the power generation efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 70 decreases when the temperature becomes too high, the heat from the perovskite solar cell 70 is transferred to the mesh 76 side to prevent a decrease in the power generation efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 70. As the thermally conductive agent, a thermal grease may be used, for example, silicone grease.

[0068] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the arrow AA in FIG. 8. Note that FIG. 9 illustrates the configuration of a perovskite solar cell 70 in an easy-to-understand manner, and therefore does not represent the actual dimensions. As shown in FIG. 9, the perovskite solar cell 70 includes a first electrode 71 (positive electrode in this first embodiment), a hole transport layer 72, a perovskite layer 73, an electron transport layer 74, a second electrode 75 (negative electrode in this first embodiment), and a coating layer 78 stacked in this order on a mesh 76, which is a base material, with a heat conductive portion 77 interposed therebetween. Note that a transparent protective layer is preferably provided on the surface of the second electrode 75, and it is preferable that this protective layer be treated to be water-repellent, and that the coating layer 78 be formed thereon.

[0069] If the proportion of the area of ​​the perovskite solar cell 70 in the area of ​​the mesh 76 increases, the amount of power generated by the perovskite solar cell 70 will increase, but the breathability of the mesh 76 will decrease, and there is a risk that the breathability required of the protective net 65 will no longer be met.

[0070] Therefore, in the first embodiment, the ratio of the area of ​​the perovskite solar cells 70 to the area of ​​the mesh 76 is set to 15% to 75%, preferably 25% to 65%, and more preferably 35% to 50%. The ratio of the area of ​​the perovskite solar cells 70 to the area of ​​the mesh 76 may be determined based on the power required for construction of the building protected by the protective net 65. Because the perovskite solar cells 70 generate electricity regardless of the position of the sun and even on cloudy days, they can be installed on all four sides (east, west, south, and north) of the building. Furthermore, as the building becomes taller, the temporary scaffolding 61 also becomes taller, and the number of protective nets 65 used and the area of ​​the protective nets 65 also increase. Therefore, a sufficient power generation area for generating electricity using the perovskite solar cells 70 can be secured in proportion to the size of the building.

[0071] 10 is a block diagram of a control device 20 for controlling the charging and discharging of the capacitor 11 in the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, the capacitor 11 is charged by the perovskite solar cell 70 described above, but the present invention is not limited to this.

[0072] The control device 20 includes a charge switch 12 , a discharge switch 13 , a communication unit 14 , a memory 15 , and a control unit 16 .

[0073] The charging switch 12 is an on / off switch, and when the switch is on, the capacitor 11 is charged by the perovskite solar cell 70, and when the switch is off, the capacitor 11 is not charged by the perovskite solar cell 70. Note that in the first embodiment, the charging switch 12 may be omitted, and the capacitor 11 may be constantly charged by the perovskite solar cell 70.

[0074] The discharge switch 13 is an on / off switch that discharges to a load when the switch is on and does not discharge to a load when the switch is off. Examples of loads include power supplies for lighting, surveillance cameras, and various sensors (such as human sensors, sound level meters, and fire sensors). If the power supply is an AC power supply, it can be converted to AC power by an inverter.

[0075] The communication unit 14 is a wireless communication unit that accesses a wide area network such as the Internet. The communication unit 14 may also use wired communication. In the first embodiment, the communication unit 14 communicates with a host computer that is located remotely.

[0076] The communication unit 14 communicates, for example, the daily amounts of charge and discharge to the host computer. As construction progresses from low-rise buildings to mid-rise and high-rise buildings, the number of protective nets 65 used and the area of ​​the protective nets 65 increase, and the amount of power generated by the perovskite solar cells 70 increases. Accordingly, the amount of charge on the capacitors 11 increases, and the amount of discharge from the capacitors 11 also increases. This allows the host computer to obtain the amounts of charge and discharge as construction progresses not only at one construction site, but at multiple construction sites.

[0077] Furthermore, if solar power generation equipment is installed on the roof of a building or perovskite solar cells 70 are installed in the windows of the building, electricity from sunlight can be charged into capacitor 11 even after the building is completed. Even after completion, communication unit 14 may be configured to communicate the daily charge and discharge amounts to a host computer. After completion, the electricity stored in capacitor 11 can be used for various lighting purposes or as power in emergencies such as power outages. Needless to say, perovskite solar cells installed in the windows of a building do not require the breathability required for protective netting 65.

[0078] Memory 15 is a non-volatile memory (for example, a flash memory) that stores a program for controlling the charging and discharging of capacitor 11. Memory 15 also stores, for example, the daily charge amount and discharge amount of capacitor 11. Memory 15 may also store the hourly charge amount and discharge amount.

[0079] Control unit 16 includes a CPU and controls the charging and discharging of capacitor 11. In the first embodiment, control unit 16 monitors the voltage of capacitor 11, and when the voltage becomes lower than a lower threshold, control unit 16 turns off discharge switch 13 to prevent discharging to the load. Control unit 16 may also control charge switch 12 to turn off charge switch 12 to prevent charging when the voltage becomes higher than an upper threshold.

[0080] As described above, in the first embodiment, electricity generated by natural energy such as sunlight can be charged and used from the time of construction of a building until after completion, thereby realizing construction work and buildings with low carbon dioxide emissions.

[0081] (Second embodiment) The second embodiment will be described below with reference to Fig. 11. The same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted or simplified. In the second embodiment, the dirt floor area 46 is divided into two by a concrete partition block 63.

[0082] 11 is a diagram showing the arrangement of a separator 5, a positive electrode 6, and a negative electrode 7, which are part of the configuration of a capacitor 11, on a strip foundation of the second embodiment. In this way, two capacitors 11 may be arranged in the divided earthen floor portion 46. Furthermore, the number of divisions is not limited to two and can be set arbitrarily.

[0083] In this case, capacitor 11 including mixture 4 may be unitized, and unitized capacitor 11 may be placed in earthen floor area 46. An example of a unitized capacitor is capacitor 11 shown in FIG. 3, and a lid member may be provided on the top surface. In this case, openings may be provided in the lid member according to the positions of separator 5, positive electrode 6, and negative electrode 7, and opening / closing parts for opening and closing these openings may be provided.

[0084] The above-described embodiment is a preferred example of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, unitized capacitor 11 may be installed under a concrete road. The concrete prevents it from being affected by rainwater, and since the concrete is removed during gas or sewer construction work, maintenance and replacement of capacitor 11 can be performed, resulting in a safe and easy-to-use capacitor 11. [Explanation of symbols]

[0085] 2...Soil 3...Copper plate 4...Mixture 5...Separator 6...Positive electrode 7...Negative electrode 11...Capacitor 12...Charging switch 13...Discharge switch 16...Control unit 20...Control device 30...Foundation structure 40...Fabric foundation 51...First holding part 54...Resin material 45...Ground 46...Earthen floor 60...Concrete floor

Claims

1. A separator is placed in the conductive area where an electrically conductive substance soaked in water is stirred in soil containing ions and moisture, With a positive electrode inserted into the conductive section having the electrically conductive material mixed in, the conductive section having the electrically conductive material mixed in is compacted to adjust the contact state between the soil containing the ions and the moisture and the electrically conductive material, and the positive electrode is held by the conductive section, thereby connecting the electrically conductive material and the positive electrode; with a negative electrode inserted into the conductive section having the electrically conductive material mixed in, the conductive section having the electrically conductive material mixed in is compacted to adjust the contact state between the soil containing the ions and the moisture and the electrically conductive material, and the negative electrode is held by the conductive section, thereby connecting the electrically conductive material and the negative electrode; A method for forming an electric double layer capacitor, comprising applying a voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, thereby attracting anions to the positive electrode and cations to the negative electrode.

2. 2. The method for forming an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the internal resistance of the conductive portion is reduced by compacting the conductive portion containing the electrically conductive material with the positive electrode and the conductive portion containing the electrically conductive material with the negative electrode.

3. 2. The method for forming an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the conductive portion is provided in a space formed by a slab provided on the ground and a strip footing provided on both sides of the slab.

4. 4. The method for forming an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of capacitors each comprising the conductive portion, the separator, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode are arranged in the space.

5. 4. The method for forming an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 3, wherein the voltage is applied by a solar cell provided on a building having the slab and the continuous footing.

6. 6. The method for forming an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 5, wherein the solar cell is a perovskite solar cell.

7. 4. The method for forming an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 3, wherein the voltage is applied by a perovskite solar cell provided on a protective net in the vicinity of the slab and the continuous footing.

8. 8. The method for forming an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the soil contains sand.

9. 4. The method for forming an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 3, further comprising the step of covering the top surface of the capacitor comprising the conductive portion, the separator, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode with a lid.

10. The method for forming an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 9, wherein an opening is provided in the lid in accordance with the position of the separator.

11. 4. The method for forming an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 3, wherein the conductive portion, the separator, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode are placed in a container, and the container is disposed in the space.

12. 2. The method for forming an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein an electrolyte material is supplied to the conductive portion.

13. 2. The method for forming an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are held by the conductive portion in a state separated from the bottom of the conductive portion.

14. the electrically conductive material comprises carbon black; 2. The method for forming an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the internal resistance of the conductive portion is adjusted by adjusting the amount of carbon black added to the soil and by compacting the conductive portion.

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