Powder composition, laminate, method for producing laminate, and article

Abstract

To provide a powder composition which can improve adhesion and flame retardancy when used as a primer for fluororesin coating.SOLUTION: The powder composition contains a fluorine-containing copolymer powder and an epoxy resin powder. The fluorine-containing copolymer powder has, as essential constituent units, a polymerization unit (A) that is based on tetrafluoroethylene, a polymerization unit (B) that is based on ethylene, and a polymerization unit (C) that is based on a hydrocarbon-based olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms and represented by the general formula (1), where the ratio of the polymerization unit (A), the polymerization unit (B) and the polymerization unit (C) satisfies (A) / (B) / (C)=58-66 / 32-41 / 1-4 (mol%), where the general formula (1) is CH2=CX(CF2)nY, where X and Y are each independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and n is an integer of 1 to 8.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to powder compositions, laminates, methods for making laminates, and articles. [Background technology]

[0002] In order to impart corrosion resistance to substrates used in equipment used in semiconductor manufacturing, chemical plants, steel plants, and the like, coating with a fluororesin film is practiced. In such coating, a primer is used to improve adhesion between the metal substrate and the fluororesin film (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

[0003] Fluororesin coatings are also widely used in powder coatings. When using such powder coatings, it is preferable to also use powder coatings as primers, as this allows the primer coating to be performed using the same equipment. Patent Document 3 discloses a primer containing a fluororesin and an epoxy resin. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2002 / 090450 [Patent Document 2] Patent Publication No. 2008-45140 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2015 / 087813 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a powder composition that provides superior adhesion and flame retardancy when used as a primer for fluororesin coatings. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The present disclosure relates to a powder composition comprising a fluorine-containing copolymer powder and an epoxy resin powder, wherein the fluorine-containing copolymer has essential constituent units, that is, polymerization units (A) based on tetrafluoroethylene, polymerization units (B) based on ethylene, and polymerization units (C) based on a hydrocarbon olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms and represented by the following general formula (1), and the ratio of polymerization units (A), polymerization units (B), and polymerization units (C) is (A) / (B) / (C)=58-66 / 32-41 / 1-4 (mol %). CH2=CX(CF2) n Y (1) (In the formula, X and Y are each independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and n is an integer of 1 to 8.)

[0007] The above-mentioned fluorine-containing copolymer preferably does not contain a polymerized unit having an acid anhydride residue and a polymerizable unsaturated bond. The above fluorine-containing copolymer preferably has a melting point of 210 to 250°C. The mass ratio of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder to the epoxy resin powder is preferably 60 / 40 to 99 / 1. The fluorocopolymer powder preferably has an average particle size of 30 to 100 μm. The epoxy resin powder preferably has an average particle size of 30 to 100 μm.

[0008] The powder composition preferably further contains a color pigment. The content of the color pigment is preferably 1 to 10% by mass based on the total mass of the powder composition. It is preferred that the hydrocarbon olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms and represented by the above general formula (1) is CH2=CF(CF2)3H, the ratio of polymerized units (A), polymerized units (B) and polymerized units (C) is (A) / (B) / (C)=60-65 / 33-38 / 1-3 (mol%), the total content of polymerized units (A), polymerized units (B) and polymerized units (C) is 98.5-100 mol% based on the total amount of constituent units of the fluorinated copolymer, the melt flow rate of the fluorinated copolymer is 5-20 g / 10 min, the average particle size of the fluorinated copolymer powder is 50-100 μm, the average particle size of the epoxy resin powder is 30-100 μm and the ratio of the fluorinated copolymer powder to the total mass of the fluorinated copolymer powder and the epoxy resin powder is 40-99 mass%. The powder composition is preferably a primer composition.

[0009] The present disclosure also provides a laminate having a primer film formed from the above powder composition and a fluororesin film formed on the primer film. The present disclosure also provides a method for producing the above laminate, comprising the steps of forming a primer film from the above powder composition, and forming a fluororesin film on the primer film from a composition containing a fluorinated copolymer. The present disclosure also relates to an article having the laminate. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] The powder composition of the present disclosure, when used as a primer for fluororesin coating, provides better adhesion and has excellent flame retardancy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The present disclosure will be described in detail below. The powder composition of the present disclosure contains a fluorine-containing copolymer powder and an epoxy resin powder.

[0012] (Fluorine-containing copolymer) The fluorine-containing copolymer used in the powder composition of the present disclosure has, as essential constituent units, polymerization units (A) based on tetrafluoroethylene, polymerization units (B) based on ethylene, and polymerization units (C) based on a hydrocarbon olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms and represented by the above general formula (1), in a specific ratio.

[0013] That is, an ethylene / tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) containing copolymerized units at a specific ratio is used. The use of such ETFE is preferable in that it improves adhesion and flame retardancy. Hereinafter, the fluorine-containing copolymer used in the powder composition of the present disclosure may be simply referred to as "ETFE."

[0014] The hydrocarbon olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms used in the present disclosure is represented by the following general formula (1).

[0015] CH2=CX(CF2) n Y (1) (In the formula, X and Y are each independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and n is an integer of 1 to 8.)

[0016] By using a copolymer containing the above structural unit (C), the stress crack resistance of the coating is improved, and the life of the coating can be extended, which is preferable.

[0017] The compound represented by the general formula (1) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include CH2=CF(CF2)2H, CH2=CF(CF2)3H, and CH2=CF(CF2)4H, with CH2=CF(CF2)3H being preferred. In the hydrocarbon olefin, the upper limit of the carbon number is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 10 or less or 5 or less.

[0018] In the above ETFE, the ratio (content ratio) of the polymer units (A) to (C) is (A) / (B) / (C)=58-66 / 32-41 / 1-4 (mol %). By keeping it within this range, it is preferable in terms of excellent adhesion when used as a primer.

[0019] The lower limit of the content of the polymerized units (A) is more preferably 59 mol%, and even more preferably 60 mol%, and the upper limit of the content of the polymerized units (A) is more preferably 65 mol%, and even more preferably 64 mol%.

[0020] The lower limit of the content of the polymerized units (B) is more preferably 33 mol %, and even more preferably 34 mol %. The upper limit of the content of the polymerized units (B) is more preferably 40 mol %, and even more preferably 38 mol %.

[0021] The lower limit of the content of the polymerized units (C) is more preferably 1.5 mol %, and even more preferably 2.0 mol %. The upper limit of the content of the polymerized units (C) is more preferably 3.5 mol %, and even more preferably 3.0 mol %.

[0022] The ETFE may have only polymerized units (A), (B), and (C) as structural units. Alternatively, the ETFE may further have, in addition to the polymerized units (A), (B), and (C), structural units other than these. In the ETFE, the total content of the polymerized units (A), (B), and (C) is preferably 90 to 100 mol% based on the total amount of the ETFE structural units. The lower limit of the total content of the polymerized units (A), (B), and (C) is preferably 95 mol%, more preferably 98.5 mol%, even more preferably 99.0 mol%, and even more preferably 99.5 mol%.

[0023] The ETFE preferably does not contain a polymerization unit having an acid anhydride residue and a polymerizable unsaturated bond. Examples of polymerization units having an acid anhydride residue and a polymerizable unsaturated bond include, but are not limited to, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, and 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride. The absence of a polymerization unit having an acid anhydride residue and a polymerizable unsaturated bond is preferred in that it prevents the adhesive functional groups of the epoxy resin from being consumed during the heating step during film formation, thereby enabling high adhesion to metal substrates.

[0024] The ETFE particles contained in the ETFE powder preferably have an average particle size of 30 to 150 μm. When the average particle size is 30 μm or more, the film-forming properties of the resulting primer film are improved, making it easier to form the primer film into a thick film. When the average particle size is 150 μm or less, the uniform dispersion of ETFE in the primer film is improved, making it possible to suppress a decrease in adhesion to a fluorine-containing resin film (e.g., an ETFE coating film) formed on the primer film. The preferred lower limit of the average particle size is 31 μm, more preferably 32 μm, even more preferably 50 μm, and even more preferably 70 μm. The preferred upper limit of the average particle size is 120 μm, and more preferably 100 μm. The average particle size is a value measured by laser diffraction.

[0025] The ETFE constituting the ETFE particles preferably has a melt flow rate (MFR) of 0.1 to 100 g / 10 min. Within this range, the adhesion between the resulting primer film and a fluororesin film (e.g., an ETFE coating) is further improved due to the flow characteristics of the ETFE. Furthermore, stress cracking and stress cracking are less likely to occur in the primer film, improving corrosion resistance. The melt flow rate has a more preferred lower limit of 0.5 g / 10 min, an even more preferred lower limit of 1.0 g / 10 min, and an especially preferred lower limit of 5.0 g / 10 min. The more preferred upper limit is 50 g / 10 min, an even more preferred upper limit is 30 g / 10 min, an especially preferred upper limit is 25 g / 10 min, and a most preferred upper limit is 20 g / 10 min. The ETFE can be adjusted to have a melt flow rate within the above range by adjusting the copolymerization composition and molecular weight, as described below. In this specification, the melt flow rate is a value measured in accordance with ASTM D3159 at a temperature of 297°C under a load of 5 kg.

[0026] ETFE preferably has a melting point of 200°C or higher. When the melting point is within the above range, deformation is less likely to occur when used at high temperatures, and heat resistance is improved. The melting point is more preferably above 200°C, even more preferably 205°C or higher, and particularly preferably 210°C or higher. The upper limit of the melting point is not particularly limited, but may be 220°C, 250°C, or 280°C. The melting point is the temperature at the peak of the endothermic curve obtained by performing heat measurement using a differential scanning calorimeter at a heating rate of 10°C / min in accordance with ASTM D-4591.

[0027] ETFE can be obtained by copolymerization using a conventionally known polymerization method such as suspension polymerization. The ETFE powder obtained by copolymerization is pulverized as necessary so that the average particle size falls within the above-mentioned range. The pulverization method is not particularly limited, and conventionally known methods such as those disclosed in JP-A-63-270740 can be used. For example, a method in which the ETFE powder is compressed into a sheet using a roll, pulverized using a pulverizer, and classified can be used.

[0028] (epoxy resin) The curable composition of the present disclosure preferably further contains an epoxy resin. The epoxy resin is preferably a non-fluorine-containing epoxy resin. The epoxy resin is preferably in a solid state, and specific examples include commonly used non-fluorine-containing epoxy resins such as bisphenol A epoxy resins, brominated bisphenol A epoxy resins, and novolac epoxy resins. As mentioned above, examples of non-fluorine-containing epoxy resins include hydrogenated epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, and epoxy resins containing an isocyanurate ring, as well as bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, phenol novolac epoxy resins, cresol novolac epoxy resins, naphthalene epoxy resins, biphenyl epoxy resins, phenol aralkyl epoxy resins, biphenyl aralkyl epoxy resins, hydrogenated epoxy resins in which the aromatic rings of the above-mentioned epoxy resins have been hydrogenated, and dicyclopentadiene epoxy resins. In particular, bisphenol epoxy resins are preferred as non-fluorine-containing epoxy resins, and bisphenol A epoxy resins are more preferred.

[0029] The epoxy resin is in a powder state, and preferably has an average particle size of 30 to 100 μm. A particle size within this range is preferable in that good film formation can be achieved. If the average particle size is too small, the film-forming properties of the resulting primer film are likely to be reduced, making it difficult to form a thick primer film. If the average particle size is too large, the epoxy resin may not be uniformly dispersed in the primer film, resulting in reduced adhesion to the ETFE coating film formed on the primer film. The preferred lower limit of the average particle size is 32 μm, more preferably 34 μm, and the preferred upper limit is 90 μm, more preferably 80 μm. The average particle size is a value measured by laser diffraction.

[0030] The epoxy resin preferably has an epoxy equivalent of 500 to 4000. The lower limit of the epoxy equivalent is preferably 550, more preferably 600, and the upper limit is preferably 3000, more preferably 2000. The epoxy equivalent is determined in accordance with JIS 7236.

[0031] The mass ratio of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder to the epoxy resin powder is preferably 40 / 60 to 99 / 1, more preferably 50 / 50 to 99 / 1, even more preferably 60 / 40 to 99 / 1, still more preferably 60 / 40 to 97 / 3, and even more preferably 60 / 40 to 95 / 5.

[0032] In the powder composition of the present disclosure, the proportion of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder relative to the total mass of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder and the epoxy resin powder is preferably 40 to 99 mass%. The lower limit of the proportion of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder is more preferably 50 mass%, and even more preferably 60 mass%. The upper limit of the proportion of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder is more preferably 97 mass%, and even more preferably 95 mass%.

[0033] In the powder composition of the present disclosure, the proportion of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder relative to the total mass of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder and the epoxy resin powder may be 40 to 70 mass%. The upper limit of the proportion of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder may be 69 mass%. Even when the proportion of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder is 40 to 70 mass% (when the content of the epoxy resin powder is relatively high), the powder composition of the present disclosure can exhibit excellent adhesive ability.

[0034] The powder composition of the present disclosure may contain only a fluorine-containing copolymer powder and an epoxy resin powder. Alternatively, the powder composition of the present disclosure may further contain, in addition to the fluorine-containing copolymer powder and the epoxy resin powder, components other than these (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "other components"). The total content of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder and the epoxy resin powder is preferably 75% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, even more preferably 90% by mass or more, and even more preferably 93% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the powder composition. The total content of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder and the epoxy resin powder is preferably 100% by mass or less, more preferably less than 100% by mass, even more preferably 99.9% by mass or less, and even more preferably 99.5% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the powder composition. Examples of other components include heat stabilizers, color pigments, etc.

[0035] (heat stabilizer) The powder composition of the present disclosure may contain a heat stabilizer capable of preventing deterioration of the fluorine-containing copolymer during a film-forming process by heating. Examples include copper compounds, thiazole compounds, benzimidazole compounds, and aromatic amine compounds. The heat stabilizer is preferably contained in an amount of 0.0001 to 5% by mass based on the total powder composition. The upper limit of the heat stabilizer content is more preferably 4% by mass, and even more preferably 3% by mass. The lower limit of the heat stabilizer content is more preferably 0.0002% by mass, and even more preferably 0.0003% by mass.

[0036] (color pigments) The powder composition of the present disclosure may contain a color pigment. Examples of color pigments include titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, cobalt aluminate (e.g., cobalt blue), carbon (e.g., carbon black), chromium oxide, iron oxide, and mica. The color pigment is preferably contained in a proportion of 0.1 to 20 mass% of the total powder composition. The color pigment may be contained in a resin powder or may be blended as a powdered color pigment. The upper limit of the content of the color pigment is more preferably 18 mass%, even more preferably 16 mass%, and particularly preferably 10 mass%. The lower limit of the content of the color pigment is more preferably 0.2 mass%, even more preferably 0.3 mass%, and particularly preferably 1 mass%. A content of the color pigment of 0.5 mass% or more is preferable in terms of improving the flame retardancy of the composition.

[0037] (Method for producing powder composition) The powder composition of the present disclosure can be produced by a known general method. Specific examples include a method of mixing powders composed of the above-mentioned components. Such mixing can be carried out using a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, a V-type blender, a rocking mixer, a double cone mixer, or a tumbler mixer.

[0038] (How to use) The powder composition of the present disclosure can be suitably used as a primer composition (more specifically, as a primer for a powder coating composition containing ETFE).

[0039] (Laminate) The present disclosure also relates to a laminate having a primer film and a fluorine-containing resin film. The fluorine-containing resin film is formed on the primer film directly or via another layer. In other words, the laminate of the present disclosure has a primer film and a fluorine-containing resin film provided on the primer film directly or via another layer. The primer film corresponds to a primer layer, and the fluorine-containing resin film corresponds to, for example, a top coat layer. The primer film is formed from the powder composition of the present disclosure. The fluorine-containing resin film is formed from a top coat (composition for forming a top coat layer). For example, a composition containing a fluorine-containing copolymer can be used as the top coat, and more specifically, a powder coating composition containing ETFE can be used. Any known powder coating composition containing ETFE can be used as the top coat by laminating it with the primer of the present disclosure. It is preferable that the copolymerization units of ETFE contained in the powder coating composition used as the top coat are similar to or identical to the copolymerization units of ETFE contained in the primer of the present application in order to improve adhesion between the primer layer and the top coat layer.

[0040] (Method of manufacturing laminate) The present disclosure also relates to a method for producing a laminate. The method for producing a laminate of the present disclosure includes, for example, a step of forming a primer film and a step of forming a fluororesin film. In the step of forming a primer film, the primer film is formed using the powder composition of the present disclosure. In the step of forming a fluororesin film, the fluororesin film is formed on the primer film using the top coat. In the step of forming a primer film, the coating method when the powder composition of the present disclosure is applied to a substrate is not particularly limited, but electrostatic coating is preferred. After electrostatic coating, a coating film (primer film) can be formed by heating, and then a top coat (e.g., ETFE powder paint) can be applied. The heating is preferably performed at 250 to 350°C.

[0041] (base material) The powder composition of the present disclosure is not particularly limited to a substrate to be coated, but can be suitably used, for example, for coating metal substrates such as iron and stainless steel.

[0042] (Goods) The present disclosure also relates to an article comprising the laminate. The article of the present disclosure has, for example, a substrate, a primer coating, and a fluororesin coating. The primer coating is provided on the substrate directly or via another layer, and is formed from the powder composition of the present disclosure. The fluororesin coating is provided on the primer coating directly or via another layer. Examples of the article of the present disclosure include equipment used in semiconductor manufacturing, equipment used in chemical plants, and equipment used in steel plants.

[0043] (Field of use) The powder composition of the present disclosure can be suitably used for primer coating in fields such as equipment used in semiconductor manufacturing, chemical plants, and steel plants. [Example]

[0044] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, "parts" and "%" represent "parts by mass" and "% by mass," respectively.

[0045] The raw material powders were mixed according to the composition (unit: parts by mass) shown in the table to obtain a powder composition. The peel strength of this powder composition was evaluated according to the following procedure. The following components were used in the table. Fluorine-containing copolymer powder A: TFE / ethylene / structural unit (C) = 64 / 34 / 2 (mol%) MFR: 13 (g / 10 min) Average particle size: 75 μm Fluorine-containing copolymer powder B: TFE / ethylene / structural unit (C) = 64 / 34 / 2 (mol%) MFR: 13 (g / 10 min) Average particle size: 137 μm Fluorine-containing copolymer powder C: TFE / ethylene / structural unit (C) = 55 / 43 / 2 (mol%) MFR: 22 (g / 10 min) Average particle size: 69 μm As the structural unit (C), CH2=CF(CF2)3H was used. Epoxy resin E: bisphenol type, epoxy equivalent: 860, average particle size: 38 μm Heat stabilizer F: Copper(II) oxide manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. Heat stabilizer G: Nocrac White (aromatic amine compound) manufactured by Ouchi Shinko Chemical Co., Ltd. Carbon black: Cabot Corporation Black Pearl 4350 Titanium oxide: Chemours Typure R-960 Cobalt Blue: Asahi Kasei Cobalt Blue 1024

[0046] (peel strength) A stainless steel plate (SUS304, surface roughness Ra: 2-3 μm) was blasted with alumina powder (Ujiden Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tosa Emery #40) at a spray pressure of 1.0 MPa. The primer compositions listed in Tables 1 and 2 were electrostatically coated to a baked film thickness of 50 μm. The plate was then baked at 340°C for 30 minutes. A 600 μm-thick baked film consisting of the top coat composition listed in Tables 1 and 2 was then applied to the resulting film to obtain a laminate. After making a 10 mm-wide cut in the laminate, the peel strength was measured at a 90° angle to the specimen using a Tensilon universal testing machine at a tensile speed of 50 mm / min in accordance with JIS K 6854-1. A peel strength of 80 N / cm or greater was considered acceptable.

[0047] (Flame retardant) A stainless steel plate (SUS304, surface roughness Ra: 2-3 μm) was blasted with alumina powder (Ujiden Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tosa Emery #40) at a spray pressure of 1.0 MPa. The powder composition was electrostatically coated to a film thickness of 50 μm after firing, and the plate was fired at 340°C for 30 minutes. A 300 μm-thick fired coating made from the top coat compositions listed in Tables 1 and 2 was then applied to the resulting coating, yielding a laminate. The flame spread index of this laminate was evaluated using a radiant panel test based on ASTM E162.

[0048] [Table 1]

[0049] [Table 2]

[0050] The results in Tables 1 and 2 above clearly show that the powder composition of the present disclosure has excellent adhesive properties as a primer. It is also clear that the powder composition of the present disclosure exhibits a low flame spread index and is therefore excellent in flame retardancy. It is also clear that the laminate of the present disclosure exhibits a low flame spread index and is therefore excellent in flame retardancy. [Industrial Applicability]

[0051] The powder composition of the present disclosure can be used as a primer for ETFE powder coatings.

Claims

1. A powder composition comprising a fluorine-containing copolymer powder and an epoxy resin powder, the mass ratio of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder to the epoxy resin powder is 60 / 40 to 99 / 1; the total content of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder and the epoxy resin powder is 75% by mass or more based on the total amount of the powder composition; A powder composition characterized in that the fluorine-containing copolymer has, as essential constituent units, polymerization units (A) based on tetrafluoroethylene, polymerization units (B) based on ethylene, and polymerization units (C) based on a hydrocarbon olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms and represented by the following general formula (1), wherein the ratio of polymerization units (A), polymerization units (B), and polymerization units (C) is (A) / (B) / (C)=58 to 66 / 32 to 41 / 1 to 4 (mol %), and the fluorine-containing copolymer does not contain polymerization units having an acid anhydride residue and a polymerizable unsaturated bond. CH ２ =CX(CF ２ ) ｎ Y (1) (In the formula, X and Y are each independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and n is an integer of 1 to 8.)

2. 2. The powder composition according to claim 1, wherein the fluorine-containing copolymer has a melting point of 210 to 250°C.

3. 3. The powder composition according to claim 1, wherein the fluorine-containing copolymer powder has an average particle size of 30 to 100 μm.

4. 3. The powder composition according to claim 1, wherein the epoxy resin powder has an average particle size of 30 to 100 μm.

5. The powder composition according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a color pigment.

6. 3. The powder composition according to claim 1, wherein the content of the color pigment is 1 to 10% by mass based on the total mass of the powder composition.

7. The hydrocarbon olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms represented by the general formula (1) is CH ２ =CF(CF ２ ) ３ H, the ratio of the polymerized units (A), (B), and (C) is (A) / (B) / (C)=60 to 65 / 33 to 38 / 1 to 3 (mol %); the total content of the polymerized units (A), (B), and (C) is 98.5 to 100 mol % based on the total amount of structural units of the fluorine-containing copolymer, the melt flow rate of the fluorine-containing copolymer is 5 to 20 g / 10 min; the average particle size of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder is 50 to 100 μm; The epoxy resin powder has an average particle size of 30 to 100 μm.

3. The powder composition according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder to the total mass of the fluorine-containing copolymer powder and the epoxy resin powder is 60 to 99 mass %.

8. 3. The powder composition according to claim 1, which is a primer composition.

9. A primer film formed from the powder composition according to claim 1 or 2, and A fluorine-containing resin film formed on the primer film A laminate having:

10. A step of forming a primer film using the powder composition according to claim 1 or 2; and A step of forming a fluorine-containing resin film on the primer film using a composition containing a fluorine-containing copolymer. A method for producing a laminate, comprising:

11. An article comprising the laminate of claim 9.

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