Dry floor hardening grid

Abstract

To provide a method for maintaining a dried floor by supporting a grid by a support intermediate layer adhered under the grid.SOLUTION: A lamination dry floor system includes a grid 52 having a lattice for forming a first array of an aperture 56. A support intermediate layer 58 has a second array of an aperture 60 adhered under the grid 52 and aligned with the first array, and the first array of the aperture 56, the second array of the aperture 60 and a thickness of the support intermediate layer 58 are constituted so as to guide a movement of a liquid. A wicking layer 62 contacts with the support intermediate layer 58 opposed to the grid 52. A base layer 64 exists under the wicking layer 62, and is constituted so that a pan assembly 70 receives the base layer 64.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3A

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a dry floor system for reducing liquid leakage, and more particularly, to a laminated support intermediate layer disposed between a covering grid and a lower wicking layer.

Background Art

[0002] In particular, in various forms of transportation including commercial aircraft, maintaining a dry floor in the entrance area, lavatories, galleys or kitchens, and other locations where water or other liquids can be used during use is necessary to provide a clean, smooth surface. As an example, taking the lavatory of an aircraft, during the operation of the aircraft, various people (e.g., passengers, pilots, and flight attendants) use the lavatory in the in-flight interior cabin. Liquids (e.g., from sinks) can spill onto the floor of the lavatory. The lavatories of aircraft are generally cleaned between flights. For example, maintenance or cleaning personnel board the aircraft on the ground to clean the lavatories before and / or after flight. However, despite the fact that a large number of people can use the lavatory during flight, the lavatory is usually not cleaned during flight. Although flight attendants may be able to clean the lavatory, they are usually otherwise occupied with other tasks during flight. Therefore, cleaning the lavatory may not be a top priority for flight attendants during flight or even between flights. As a result, the dryness of the floor of the lavatory installed on the aircraft can be impaired, especially during particularly long flights.

[0003] To address the problem of water in the floor, various absorbent mats or grilles are employed, such as in restrooms, that allow water to be absorbed or to pass through. However, the durability of such devices is often insufficient. Flight attendants and passengers often wear shoes with small heels, such as spike heels or stiletto heels. Therefore, the openings in the grilles must be small to prevent such heels from getting stuck. However, mats or small grilles are often not robust enough to withstand congestion and high-pressure contact during use. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0004] Embodiments disclosed herein provide a laminated dry floor system comprising a grid having a grid forming a first array of openings. A supporting intermediate layer has a second array of openings bonded beneath the grid and aligned with the first array, and the thicknesses of the first array of openings, the second array of openings, and the supporting intermediate layer are configured to guide the movement of liquid. A wicking layer is in contact with the supporting intermediate layer opposite the grid. A base layer is located beneath the wicking layer and is configured such that a pan assembly receives the base layer.

[0005] This embodiment provides a method for maintaining a dry floor by supporting a grid with a support intermediate layer bonded beneath the grid. A liquid is received within a grid having a lattice that forms a first array of openings. The support intermediate layer has a second array of openings that are concentrically aligned with the first array of openings. The liquid is received through the second array of openings, and the support intermediate layer has a thickness configured to induce contact between the liquid and a wicking layer bonded to the underside of the support intermediate layer. The features, functions, and advantages described above can be realized individually in various embodiments, or in combination in other embodiments. Further details can be understood by referring to the following description and drawings.

[0006] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0007] [Figure 1] This is a diagram of an aircraft in which an exemplary embodiment of a dry floor assembly may be employed. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of the interior of an aircraft having exemplary locations that may include exemplary embodiments. [Figure 3A] This is an exploded view of the configuration of an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 3B] This is a cross-sectional view of the configuration of an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 4A] This is a cross-sectional view of a detail of a grid assembly in an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 4B] This is a cross-sectional view of the grid assembly. [Figure 5] This is an exploded view of an exemplary embodiment showing details of the pan assembly. [Figure 6] This is a partial cross-sectional view of a recessed bread with a reservoir for storing liquid. [Figure 7] This is a partial cross-sectional view showing in detail a grid assembly with fluid droplets. [Figure 8] This is a process flow diagram illustrating a method for storing water in the disclosed embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0008] This disclosure relates to a leak reduction system, collectively referred to herein as a dry floor system, having a grid assembly comprising a laminated support intermediate layer positioned between a covering grid as an upper layer and a lower wicking layer for enhancing the durability of the grid. The support intermediate layer employs an array of openings to match the array of openings in the grid structure and may be made of titanium, aluminum, stainless steel, or other such material. The support intermediate layer is typically bonded to the grid with adhesive and is positioned on top of the lower wicking layer, which may be a carbon bale backing or a similar material. A rigid base layer, typically stainless steel or a similar material, is employed as the bottom laminate beneath the wicking layer. A recessed pan may have sufficient depth to receive the laminate and include absorbent pads or desiccant bags beneath the laminate. The recessed pan may include frame elements to restrain the laminate in a mountable and removable manner and to secure the entire dry floor assembly to the lower floor or structure.

[0009] Embodiments disclosed herein may be used in aircraft, trains, cruise ships, buses, portable restrooms or kitchens, or on various floor surfaces of fixed facilities within buildings. However, for simplicity, use in an aircraft is described as an example, but this is not intended to be limiting. Figure 1 shows a top perspective view of an aircraft 10 in which an exemplary embodiment may be employed. The aircraft 10 may include a propulsion system 12 which may include, for example, two turbofan engines 14. Optionally, the propulsion system 12 may include more engines 14 than those shown. The engines 14 are supported by the wings 16 of the aircraft 10. In other embodiments, the engines 14 may be supported by a fuselage 18 and / or a tail section 20. The tail section 20 may also support a horizontal stabilizer 22 and a vertical stabilizer 24.

[0010] The fuselage 18 of the aircraft 10 defines an interior cabin, which may include a cockpit, one or more work sections (e.g., a galley, a baggage area, etc.), one or more passenger sections (e.g., a first-class, a business-class, and a coach section), and a rear section where a rear rest area may be located. Each section may be separated by a cabin transition area, which may include one or more class partition assemblies. The interior cabin includes one or more dressing rooms, and embodiments of the present disclosure provide, as an example, a system and method configured to automatically dry the floor of a dressing room.

[0011] Figure 2 shows a top view of the interior cabin 30 of the aircraft 10 of Figure 1. The interior cabin 30 is located within the fuselage 18 of the exemplary aircraft 10. The interior cabin 30 includes multiple sections, including a forward section 32, a first-class section 34 (or, for example, a first-class suite, cabin), a business-class section 36, and a forward galley station 38. The multiple sections may include a doorway 39, an extended economy or coach section 40, a standard economy or coach section 42, and a rear section 44. One or more lavatories 45 may be located within the interior cabin 30. The galley station 38, doorway 39, and lavatories 45 may include dry floor assemblies as described herein, which may be fixed within a portion of the fuselage. The rear section 44 may include multiple lavatories and galley stations. It should be understood that the interior cabin 30 may include more or fewer sections than those shown. For example, the interior cabin 30 may not include a first-class section and may include more or fewer galley stations than those shown. Each section may be separated by a cabin transition area 46, which may include a class partition assembly between the aisles 48.

[0012] As shown in the example in Figure 2, the interior cabin 30 also includes two passages 48 leading to the rear section 44. The rear section 44 may also include an entrance 39. Optionally, the interior cabin 30 may have fewer or more passages than those shown. For example, the interior cabin 30 may include a single passage extending through the center of the interior cabin 30 leading to the rear section 44.

[0013] An exemplary embodiment of the laminated dry floor system 50 is shown in Figures 3A and 3B. The grid assembly 51 includes a grid 52, a supporting intermediate layer 58, a wicking layer 62, and a base layer 64. The grid 52 has a grid of intersecting members 54 that form a first array of openings 56. In the exemplary embodiment, the members 54 are formed from a thermoplastic material such as urethane and, as seen in Figures 4A and 4B, have a triangular tapered cross section with vertices 55 and a base surface 53. A coating may be employed to provide a hydrophobic surface to the members 54, and in conjunction with the tapered or inclined sides 57 of the members 54 extending from the vertices 55 to the base surface 53, enhances the flow of liquid through the grid 52. Other materials having hydrophobic materials or hydrophobic coatings may be used for the grid instead.

[0014] The support intermediate layer 58 is bonded to the upper surface 59 below the grid 52 up to the base surface 53 of the intersecting members 54 and has a second array of openings 60 that are concentrically aligned with a first array of openings 56 in the grid. With respect to the non-circular shapes of the first and second arrays, “concentric alignment” is defined as the alignment of the center points of the relative geometric shapes. The thicknesses of the first array of openings 56, the second array of openings 60, and the support intermediate layer, as described later, are configured to guide the movement of liquid spilled into the dry floor system 50. In the exemplary embodiment, both the first and second arrays are rectangular. However, alternative shapes may be employed in one or both of the grid and the support intermediate layer. In the exemplary embodiment, the material of the support intermediate layer 58 is titanium. However, aluminum, stainless steel, or other high-strength materials may be used as alternatives.

[0015] The wicking layer 62 is in contact with the lower surface 61 of the support intermediate layer 58, which is opposite the grid 52. In exemplary embodiments, carbon or graphite veil (or felt) is used for the wicking layer 62. Additionally or alternatively, fiberglass may be used for the wicking layer. In exemplary embodiments, the wicking layer 62 is bonded to the lower surface 61 of the support intermediate layer 58.

[0016] The base layer 64, located beneath the bottom surface 65 of the wicking layer 62, is configured to provide rigidity to the grid 52, the supporting intermediate layer 58, and the wicking layer 62, allowing people to walk on the grid assembly 51 without deformation. The base layer 64 further includes a third array of openings 66 configured to allow the transfer of liquid from the wicking layer 62 through the base layer 64. In exemplary embodiments, the base layer is stainless steel or another metallic material.

[0017] The pan assembly 70 receives the grid assembly 51 and secures the dry floor system 50 to the lower floor or the structure of the aircraft fuselage 18. In an exemplary embodiment, the pan assembly includes a recessed pan 72 having a rim 73 configured to engage with the bottom edge 76 of the base layer 64. The recessed pan 72 includes a cavity 78. The cavity 78 is configured to collect and / or redirect liquid passing through the grid 52. In an exemplary embodiment, an absorbent pad 80 is placed inside the cavity 78. Liquid passing through the grid 52, the supporting intermediate layer 58, the wicking layer 62, and the base layer 64 is collected in the recessed pan 72. The absorbent pad 80, as shown in Figure 3B, is housed in the cavity 78 and can absorb liquid for later removal. In other embodiments, the absorbent pad 80 may not be used, and liquid may be allowed to accumulate in the recessed pan 72. Subsequently, at a convenient time (for example, between flights and / or during scheduled maintenance periods), the liquid can be removed from the recessed pan 72 (for example, by vacuuming). It should be noted that the recessed pan 72 may be separated from the associated flooring (for example, configured as a plug-in exchange that can be incorporated into an existing location), or in other embodiments, it may be an integral part of the flooring system of the room or facility into which the dry floor system 50 is inserted.

[0018] As shown in FIG. 5, the pan assembly 70 is configured to be installed on a floor (e.g., the floor pan of a commercial aircraft). Various surrounding members 74 are utilized to integrate or shape the recessed pan 72 and the grid assembly 51 into the floor pan (including auxiliary wall edge 74a, threshold edge 74b, side wall edge 74c, and toilet edge 74d). As an embodiment in the galley or entrance, the toilet edge 74d can be exchanged with a second side wall or threshold edge. Each surrounding member 74 includes one or more magnets 82 used to fix the corresponding surrounding member 74 to the recessed pan 72 by the magnetic force between the magnet 82 and the edge 84 of another magnetic element of the recessed pan 72 or the pan assembly 70 or the grid assembly 51. In various embodiments, the surrounding members can be used to allow for the use of a standardized grid size by adapting the surrounding members to variations from the grid size in various environments (e.g., bathrooms of various sizes).

[0019] In some embodiments, the pan assembly can be used to redirect liquid to a further or additional reservoir. For example, FIG. 6 shows a side cross-sectional view of a pan assembly formed according to an exemplary embodiment. As seen in FIG. 6, the exemplary dry floor system 50 shown can further include a reservoir 90 in fluid communication with the recessed pan 72. The recessed pan 72 includes an inclined floor 92 within a cavity 78 configured to direct fluid to the reservoir 90. For example, the reservoir 90 may be located away from the side of the recessed pan 72 and can provide a more convenient location for removing liquid from the dry floor system 50. The reservoir 90 can be used to collect and store liquid or, additionally or alternatively, can be used to hold an absorbent pad for collecting liquid.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, the grid 52 is formed from a non-combustible material. The non-combustible material used herein is a material that meets civil aircraft non-combustibility standards or regulations. The grid 52 can be cast using a thermosetting resin. As an example, urethane can be used to form the grid 52. Further, the grid 52 of various embodiments has a hydrophobic coating that helps water run off the tapered surface of the grid 52 and flow towards the wicking layer 62 and the recessed pan 72.

[0021] The grid assembly 51 is configured to send water or other liquid into the wicking layer 62 and then into the recessed pan 72 through a third array of apertures 66 in the base layer 64. The aperture size of the first array of apertures in the grid is specified to prevent a stiletto or spike heel of a shoe from being inserted into the aperture, and as a result, it must be relatively small. As seen in FIG. 7, to ensure substantially all water flow through the first array of apertures 56 in the grid 52 and the aligned second array of apertures 60 in the support intermediate layer 58, the support intermediate layer 58, as well as the associated joint lines between the grid and the support intermediate layer and between the support intermediate layer and the wicking layer, must have a thickness less than the depth of the dome-shaped or catenary-shaped surface 94 formed by the surface tension that holds the water droplets 96 in the first and second arrays of apertures 56, 60, thereby ensuring contact with the upper surface 98 of the wicking layer 62 and drawing water into the wicking layer.

[0022] In the exemplary embodiment, the width W of each opening in the first array of openings 56 in the grid 52 is approximately 0.27 inches (7 mm), and each member 54 has a height H of 0.05 inches (1.3 mm). The taper of the grid members 54 in the grid 52 determines the width of each opening in the first array of openings 56 that is close to the base surface 53. With respect to the triangular cross section of the exemplary embodiment, this results in width W' = W - (2(Htanθ)), where θ is the base angle and H is the height of the grid member 54. The thickness T of the support interlayer can be defined as a function of the opening sizes in the grid and the support interlayer. In the exemplary embodiment, using titanium, the thickness of the support interlayer that provides satisfactory wicking is 0.020 inches (0.5 mm). The bonding of the grid 52 of the support interlayer 58 and the wicking layer 62 to the support interlayer 58 is achieved with epoxy resin, providing a bond line with a thickness t of 0.0005 inches to 0.005 inches, nominally 0.001 inches. Thus, in exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the support interlayer can be expressed as T ≤ (((0.020 + 2(0.005)) / (0.27 - (2 x 1.62 x 0.05)) x W or T ≤ 0.194 (where θ is nominally 45°). The use of alternative materials such as stainless steel allows for thinner support interlayers with a thickness of 0.005 inches to 0.010 inches to accommodate narrower opening widths, if necessary.

[0023] The disclosed embodiment provides a method 800 for maintaining a dry floor, as shown in Figure 8. A grid 52 is supported by a support intermediate layer 58 bonded beneath the grid (step 802). Liquid spilled onto the dry floor is received in the grid 52 (step 804). The grid 52 has a grid of intersecting members 54 forming a first array of openings 56, and the support intermediate layer 58 has a second array of openings 60 aligned concentrically with the first array of openings. The liquid is received through the second array of openings 60 (step 806), and the support intermediate layer 58 has a thickness configured to guide contact between the liquid and a wicking layer 62 bonded to the lower surface 61 of the support intermediate layer 58. The liquid is then fed from the bottom surface 65 of the wicking layer 62 through a third array of openings 66 in a base layer 64 beneath the wicking layer (step 808). The liquid is then received in a pan assembly 70 (step 810). The liquid may then be removed from the cavity 78 in the recessed pan 72 within the pan assembly at specific maintenance intervals (step 812), or absorbed into an absorbent pad 80 located within the cavity of the recessed pan (step 814). The absorbent pad 80 may then be removed at maintenance intervals (step 816). Alternatively, the liquid may be drained from the recessed pan 72 into the reservoir 90 (step 818).

[0024] While various embodiments have been described in detail up to this point in accordance with the provisions of patent law, those skilled in the art will recognize variations and alternatives to the specific embodiments disclosed herein. Such variations are included in the scope and intent of the following claims. The terms “comprising,” “incorporate,” “incorporates,” “incorporating,” “include,” “have,” and “contain,” “contains,” “containing” in the specification and claims are intended to be open statements, and additional or equivalent elements may exist. As used herein, the terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” “right,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,” “forward,” and “aft” are used to describe relative positions and, except in specific embodiments disclosed, may be replaced by appropriate descriptions such as “first,” “second,” “top,” “bottom,” “right,” and “left,” depending on the orientation of the actual embodiment.

[0025] Clause 1: A laminated dry floor system, A grid having a grid that forms a first array of openings, A support intermediate layer bonded to the grid and having a second array of openings aligned with the first array of openings, wherein the thickness of the first array of openings, the second array of openings, and the support intermediate layer are configured to guide the movement of liquid, A wicking layer in contact with the support intermediate layer facing the grid, The base layer beneath the wicking layer, A pan assembly configured to receive the base layer and A laminated dry floor system equipped with this feature.

[0026] Clause 2: The laminated dry floor system according to Clause 1, wherein the first array of openings and the second array of openings are concentrically aligned.

[0027] Clause 3: The laminated dry floor system according to clause 1 or 2, wherein the grid includes a lattice of intersecting members forming the first array of openings, each of the intersecting members having a tapered cross section with vertices and a base surface.

[0028] Clause 4: The laminated dry floor system according to Clause 3, wherein the tapered cross section is a triangle having inclined sides extending from the apex to the bottom surface.

[0029] Article 5: The laminated dry floor system according to any one of the clauses 1 to 4, wherein the grid is made of a thermoplastic material.

[0030] Clause 6: The laminated dry floor system according to Clause 5, wherein the thermoplastic material is urethane.

[0031] Article 7: The laminated dry floor system according to any one of the clauses 1 to 6, wherein the supporting intermediate layer is titanium.

[0032] Clause 8: The laminated dry floor system according to any one of the clauses 1 to 7, wherein the supporting intermediate layer is made of aluminum or stainless steel.

[0033] Article 9: The laminated dry floor system according to any one of the clauses 1 to 8, wherein the supporting intermediate layer has a thickness T, and each opening in the first array of openings in the grid has a width W, with T ≤ 0.194W.

[0034] Clause 10: The aforementioned pan assembly is A recessed pan having a rim configured to engage with the bottom edge of the base layer, and having a cavity configured to collect liquid passing through the grid, The pan assembly is mounted on the floor and comprises a plurality of surrounding members configured to shape the recessed pan. A laminated dry floor system as described in any one of clauses 1 to 9, comprising:

[0035] Clause 11: A grid assembly for a dry floor system, A grid having a grid that forms a first array of openings, A support intermediate layer having a second array of openings bonded to the grid and aligned with the first array of openings, wherein the thickness of the first array of openings, the second array of openings, and the support intermediate layer are configured to guide the movement of liquid, A wicking layer in contact with the support intermediate layer facing the grid, The base layer beneath the wicking layer and A grid assembly equipped with [the necessary components].

[0036] Article 12: The grid assembly according to Clause 11, wherein the grid includes a grid of intersecting members forming the first array of openings, each of the intersecting members having a triangular cross-section with inclined sides extending from the vertex to the bottom surface, and the first array of openings and the second array of openings are concentrically aligned.

[0037] Article 13: The grid assembly according to clause 11 or 12, wherein the grid is made of a thermoplastic material.

[0038] Article 14: The grid assembly according to any one of the clauses 11 to 13, wherein the supporting intermediate layer is made of titanium.

[0039] Article 15: The grid assembly according to any one of the clauses 11 to 14, wherein the supporting intermediate layer has a thickness T, and each opening in the first array of openings in the grid has a width W, with T ≤ 0.194W.

[0040] Article 16: A method for maintaining a dry floor, The grid is supported by a support intermediate layer bonded beneath the grid, A liquid is received into a grid having a lattice forming a first array of openings, wherein the supporting intermediate layer has a second array of openings aligned concentrically with the first array of openings. Receiving the liquid through the second array of openings, wherein the support intermediate layer has a thickness configured to induce contact between the liquid and a wicking layer adhered to the lower surface of the support intermediate layer, and Methods that include...

[0041] Article 17: The method according to clause 16, further comprising delivering the liquid from the bottom surface of the wicking layer through a third array of openings in the base layer beneath the wicking layer.

[0042] Article 18: The method according to clause 17, further comprising receiving the liquid into the pan assembly.

[0043] Article 19: The method according to clause 18, further comprising absorbing the liquid in an absorbent pad positioned within the recessed bread cavity of the bread assembly.

[0044] Article 20: The method according to clause 18 or 19, further comprising draining the liquid from the recessed pan of the pan assembly into a water tank.

Claims

1. A laminated dry floor system, A grid having a grid that forms a first array of openings, A support intermediate layer bonded to the grid and having a second array of openings aligned with the first array of openings, wherein the thickness of the first array of openings, the second array of openings, and the support intermediate layer are configured to guide the movement of liquid, A wicking layer that contacts the support intermediate layer on the opposite side of the grid, The base layer beneath the wicking layer, A pan assembly configured to receive the base layer and A laminated dry floor system equipped with this feature.

2. The laminated dry floor system according to claim 1, wherein the first array of openings and the second array of openings are concentrically aligned.

3. The laminated dry floor system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the grid includes a lattice of intersecting members forming the first array of openings, each of the intersecting members having a tapered cross section with vertices and a base surface.

4. The laminated dry floor system according to claim 3, wherein the tapered cross section is a triangle having inclined sides extending from the apex to the bottom surface.

5. The laminated dry floor system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the grid is made of a thermoplastic material.

6. The laminated dry floor system according to claim 5, wherein the thermoplastic material is urethane.

7. The laminated dry floor system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the support intermediate layer is made of titanium.

8. The laminated dry floor system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the support intermediate layer is made of aluminum or stainless steel.

9. The laminated dry floor system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the supporting intermediate layer has a thickness T, and each opening in the first array of openings in the grid has a width W, with T ≤ 0.194W.

10. The aforementioned pan assembly is A recessed pan having a rim configured to engage with the bottom edge of the base layer, and having a cavity configured to collect liquid passing through the grid, The floor on which the pan assembly is mounted is configured with a plurality of surrounding members that are set to shape the recessed pan. A laminated dry floor system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:

11. A grid assembly for a dry floor system, A grid having a grid that forms a first array of openings, A support intermediate layer having a second array of openings bonded to the grid and aligned with the first array of openings, wherein the thickness of the first array of openings, the second array of openings, and the support intermediate layer are configured to guide the movement of liquid, A wicking layer that contacts the support intermediate layer on the opposite side of the grid, The base layer beneath the wicking layer and A grid assembly equipped with [the necessary components].

12. The grid assembly according to claim 11, wherein the grid includes a grid of intersecting members forming the first array of openings, each of the intersecting members having a triangular cross-section with inclined sides extending from the vertex to the bottom surface, and the first array of openings and the second array of openings are concentrically aligned.

13. The grid assembly according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the grid is made of a thermoplastic material.

14. The grid assembly according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the support intermediate layer is made of titanium.

15. The grid assembly according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the supporting intermediate layer has a thickness T, and each opening in the first array of openings in the grid has a width W, with T ≤ 0.194W.

16. A method for maintaining a dry floor, The grid is supported by a support intermediate layer bonded beneath the grid, The method of receiving liquid into a grid having a lattice forming a first array of openings, wherein the supporting intermediate layer has a second array of openings aligned concentrically with the first array of openings, Receiving the liquid through the second array of openings, wherein the support intermediate layer has a thickness configured to induce contact between the liquid and a wicking layer adhered to the lower surface of the support intermediate layer, and Methods that include...

17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising supplying the liquid from the bottom surface of the wicking layer through a third array of openings in the base layer beneath the wicking layer.

18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising receiving the liquid into a pan assembly.

19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising absorbing the liquid into an absorbent pad positioned in the recessed cavity of the bread assembly.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, further comprising draining the liquid from the recessed pan of the pan assembly into a water tank.

Images