Automatic beam steering system for reflector antennas

Abstract

To provide a dish antenna that hardly receives influence of vibration.SOLUTION: An antenna 100 comprises a main reflector 101, a waveguide that protrudes towards an external region of the main reflector 101, a mechanism 165 which enables displacement of part of the waveguide, an actuator 170 operative to displace the part of the waveguide, a sensor 175, and a control unit 180. The antenna 100 further comprises at least one sensor 175. The sensor 175 includes a gyroscope which measures angular velocity of the main reflector 101 and an accelerometer which measures the gravitation direction, and further includes an inertial measurement device and / or a position sensor. The control unit 180 controls the actuator 170 using data from the sensor 175.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The subject matter disclosed herein relates to antennas, and more particularly to novel systems and methods relating to reflector antennas, such as dish antennas. [Background technology]

[0002] A dish antenna is an antenna that has a dish section and a feed section. Antennas are susceptible to vibration, which alters the beam transmitted or received by the antenna, resulting in a decrease in antenna performance.

[0003] The documents that constitute the background to the subject matter disclosed in this application include the following: • US8963790B2 • US2956248A • US4786913A • US6943750B2 • EP1408581A2 • US20190341671A1 ·http: / / www.mweda.com / cst / cst2013 / mergedProjects / Examples_Overview_EMS / examplesoverview / tutorials / linear_motor.htm; and Carpino, Francesca & Moore, Lee & Chalmers, Jeffrey & Zborowski, Maciej & Williams, Philip. (2005), “Quadrupole magnetic field-flow fractionation for the analysis of magnetic "nanoparticles", Journal of Physics:Conference Series.17.174.10.1088 / 1742-6596 / 17 / 1 / 024

[0004] Here, approving the above references is not to be construed as meaning that these references are in any way relevant to the patentability of the subject matter disclosed in this application.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need to provide a new solution for improving the structure and operation of the antenna.

Summary of the Invention

[0006] According to an aspect of the subject matter disclosed in this application, an antenna having a main reflector and a waveguide, at least a part of the waveguide protruding towards an external region of the antenna, the antenna functioning to transmit electromagnetic radiation between the waveguide and the main reflector, and having a mechanism capable of displacing at least a part of the waveguide with respect to the main reflector, and an actuator functioning to move at least a part of the waveguide, is provided.

[0007] In addition to the above features, the antenna according to the aspect of the subject matter disclosed in this application can selectively have one or more of the following features 1 to 19 in any technically possible combination or replacement.

[0008] 1. At least a part of the waveguide protrudes from the main reflector, or the waveguide is connected to a first waveguide, and at least a part of the first waveguide protrudes from the main reflector.

[0009] 2. The position of the mechanism coincides with the position of the vertex of the main reflector according to a proximity criterion.

[0010] [[ID= 27]]3. The mechanism is arranged at the boundary between the first waveguide and the waveguide.

[0011] 4. The mechanism enables at least one displacement in the azimuth angle of at least a part of the waveguide, or at least one displacement in the elevation angle of at least a part of the waveguide.

[0012] 5. The mechanism has a ball joint.

[0013] 6. The antenna has a sensor that generates data that can be used to determine useful data D for the displacement of the antenna, and useful data D for the required beam direction of the electromagnetic radiation transmitted or received by the antenna. motion Obtain D, beam and D motion and D beam Using D, determine the displacement D for at least a part of the waveguide. corrective It has a control unit that functions to determine D.

[0014] 7. The control unit ensures that the beam direction of the electromagnetic radiation received or transmitted by the antenna matches the required beam direction according to the conformity criteria after the displacement D of at least a part of the waveguide. <> corrective Using D, determine the displacement D for at least a part of the waveguide. motion and D beam Using D, determine the displacement D for at least a part of the waveguide. corrective To determine D.

[0015] 8. The antenna has a first sensor that generates data that can be used to determine data effective for the displacement of the antenna in a first region of the frequency, and a second sensor that generates data that can be used to determine data effective for the displacement of the antenna in a second region of the frequency, where the average frequency of the first frequency is lower than the average frequency of the second frequency.

[0016] 9. The control unit controls the actuator of the antenna and functions to move at least a part of the waveguide according to the displacement D. corrective To function to move at least a part of the waveguide according to D.

[0017] 10. The mechanism has a first element that is functionally connected to a second element, and the distance between the first element and the second element is less than 1 / 10 of the effective wavelength in the wavelength range in which the antenna functions.

[0018] 11. The antenna has a magnetic material connected to at least a portion of the waveguide.

[0019] 12. The antenna comprises a first ferromagnetic element, a first inductor associated with the first ferromagnetic element, and a second ferromagnetic element, wherein the current generated in the first inductor is capable of displacing the magnetic material and at least a portion of the waveguide.

[0020] 13. The antenna comprises a first ferromagnetic element, a first inductor associated with the first ferromagnetic element, a second ferromagnetic element, and a second inductor associated with the second ferromagnetic element, wherein the current generated in at least the first inductor or the second inductor is capable of displacing the magnetic material and at least a portion of the waveguide.

[0021] 14. The first ferromagnetic element is a U-shaped ferromagnetic element.

[0022] 15. The first ferromagnetic element has a first arm, at least a portion of which is positioned on the magnetic material; a second arm, at least a portion of which is positioned below the magnetic material; and a third arm connecting the first portion and the second portion.

[0023] 16. The current generates a magnetic force that acts to attract or repel the magnetic material, thereby moving at least a portion of the waveguide.

[0024] 17. The antenna is configured to generate a first current in the first inductor and a second current in the second inductor, wherein the second current is a signal opposite to the first current.

[0025] 18. The antenna comprises a magnetic material connected to the waveguide, a first ferromagnetic element, a first inductor associated with the first ferromagnetic element, a second ferromagnetic element, a third ferromagnetic element, a second inductor associated with the third ferromagnetic element, and a fourth ferromagnetic element, wherein the current generated in the first inductor can displace at least a portion of the magnetic material and the waveguide along a first direction, and the current generated in the second inductor can displace at least a portion of the magnetic material and the waveguide along a second direction different from the first direction.

[0026] 19. The antenna has a third inductor associated with the second ferromagnetic element and a fourth inductor associated with the fourth ferromagnetic element, wherein currents generated in the first and third inductors with opposite signals can displace at least a portion of the magnetic material and the waveguide along a first direction, and currents generated in the second and fourth inductors with opposite signals can displace at least a portion of the magnetic material and the waveguide along a second direction different from the first direction.

[0027] In view of the subject matter disclosed herein, the present invention provides an antenna comprising a main reflector, a waveguide, wherein at least a portion of the waveguide protrudes toward an external region of the antenna, the antenna having an actuator that functions to transmit electromagnetic radiation between the waveguide and the main reflector and to displace at least a portion of the waveguide, the actuator having a magnetic material connected to at least a portion of the waveguide, a first ferromagnetic element, a second ferromagnetic element, and an inductor connected to or associated with the first ferromagnetic element.

[0028] In addition to the features described above, the antenna relating to the subject matter disclosed herein may selectively have one or more of the following features 20 to 29 in any technically possible combination or substitution.

[0029] 20. The antenna has a mechanism that allows for the displacement of at least a portion of the waveguide with respect to the main reflector.

[0030] 21. The antenna has a magnetic material connected to at least a portion of the waveguide.

[0031] 22. The antenna comprises a first ferromagnetic element, a first inductor associated with the first ferromagnetic element, and a second ferromagnetic element, wherein the current generated by the first inductor allows for the displacement of the magnetic material and at least a portion of the waveguide.

[0032] 23. The antenna comprises a first ferromagnetic element, a first inductor associated with the first ferromagnetic element, a second ferromagnetic element, and a second inductor associated with the second ferromagnetic element, wherein the current generated by at least the first inductor or one of the second inductors allows for the displacement of the magnetic material and at least a portion of the waveguide.

[0033] 24. The first ferromagnetic element is a U-shaped ferromagnetic element.

[0034] 25. The first ferromagnetic element has a first arm, at least a portion of which is positioned on the magnetic material; a second arm, at least a portion of which is positioned below the magnetic material; and a third arm connecting the first arm and the second arm.

[0035] 26. The current generates a magnetic force that acts to attract or repel the magnetic material, thereby moving at least a portion of the waveguide.

[0036] 27. The antenna is configured to generate a first current in the first inductor and a second current in the second inductor, wherein the second current is a signal opposite to the first current.

[0037] 28. The antenna comprises a magnetic material connected to the waveguide, a first ferromagnetic element, a first inductor associated with the first ferromagnetic element, a second ferromagnetic element, a third ferromagnetic element, a second inductor associated with the third ferromagnetic element, and a fourth ferromagnetic element, wherein the current generated in the first inductor can displace at least a portion of the magnetic material and the waveguide along a first direction, and the current generated in the second inductor can displace at least a portion of the magnetic material and the waveguide along a second direction different from the first direction.

[0038] 29. The antenna has a third inductor associated with the second ferromagnetic element and a fourth inductor associated with the fourth ferromagnetic element, wherein currents generated in the first and third inductors with opposite signals can displace at least a portion of the magnetic material and the waveguide along a first direction, and currents generated in the second and fourth inductors with opposite signals can displace at least a portion of the magnetic material and the waveguide along a second direction different from the first direction.

[0039] In accordance with the subject matter disclosed herein, a method for controlling an antenna having a main reflector and a waveguide, wherein a processor and memory circuit configuration provides useful data D for the required beam direction of electromagnetic radiation transmitted or received by the antenna. beam Obtain data D that is useful for determining the displacement of the antenna. motion The beam direction of the electromagnetic radiation obtained and received or transmitted by the antenna is determined by the displacement D of at least a portion of the waveguide. corrective Afterwards, D matches the required beam direction according to the conformity criteria. motion , and, D beam Using this method, the displacement D relating to at least a portion of the waveguide is calculated. corrective The present invention provides a method for determining the above.

[0040] In addition to the features described above, the method relating to the subject matter disclosed herein may selectively have one or more of the following features 30 to 31 in any technically possible combination or substitution.

[0041] 30. The above method controls the actuator of the antenna and the displacement D corrective Accordingly, this includes moving at least a portion of the waveguide.

[0042] 31. The method includes (1) useful data D in the required beam direction of the electromagnetic radiation received or transmitted by the antenna. beam (2) Obtain a D that is useful for the displacement of the antenna. motion (3) The beam direction of the electromagnetic radiation received or transmitted by the antenna matches the required beam direction according to the conformity criteria. motion , and, D beam Using this method, the displacement D relating to at least a portion of the waveguide is calculated. corrective (4) Determine the and control the actuator of the antenna, and the displacement D corrective This involves repeatedly performing (2) to (4) over time, thereby moving at least the portion of the waveguide.

[0043] In some embodiments, the method may include controlling the antenna as described in the various embodiments described above (selectively including one or more of the features 1 to 29 described above in any technically possible combination or substitution).

[0044] In some embodiments, the solutions provided offer an antenna that is controlled and can compensate for vibrations affecting the beam direction of the antenna.

[0045] In some embodiments, the provided solution offers a highly accurate and effective solution for compensating for vibrations occurring in an antenna such as a reflector antenna (e.g., a dish antenna).

[0046] In some embodiments, the provided solution enables real-time or near-real-time control of a vibrating antenna, such as a reflector antenna (e.g., a dish antenna).

[0047] In some embodiments, the solutions provided improve the accuracy of controlling the beam direction transmitted or received by an antenna such as a reflector antenna (e.g., a dish antenna).

[0048] In some embodiments, the provided solution enables effective and precise control of the direction of a narrow beam.

[0049] In some embodiments, the provided solution makes it possible to compensate for vibrations occurring in the antenna by moving only a portion of the antenna. As a result, smaller and lower-cost actuators can be used.

[0050] In some embodiments, the solutions provided offer a robust approach to compensating for vibrations occurring in the antenna.

[0051] In some embodiments, the provided solution improves the performance of antennas such as reflector antennas (e.g., dish antennas). In particular, it improves the performance of large dish antennas. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0052] To understand the invention and how it can be actually implemented, embodiments are described in exemplary, non-limiting forms with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] [Figure 1A] An example of a vibration-free antenna is shown. [Figure 1B] This shows an example of the effect of vibrations in an antenna that operates during transmission. [Figure 1C] This shows an example of the effect of vibrations in an antenna that operates during reception. [Figure 1D] An embodiment of an antenna having a mechanism that can move at least a portion of the antenna's waveguide is shown. [Figure 1E] Another embodiment of an antenna having a mechanism that can move at least a portion of the antenna's waveguide is shown. [Figure 1F] Another embodiment of an antenna having a mechanism that can move at least a portion of the antenna's waveguide is shown. [Figure 1G] An embodiment is shown that compensates for the effects of vibrations in an antenna that operates during transmission. [Figure 1H] An embodiment is shown that compensates for the effects of vibrations in the antenna that operates during reception. [Figure 2A] An embodiment of a mechanism capable of moving at least a portion of the antenna waveguide is shown. [Figure 2B] An embodiment of a mechanism capable of moving at least a portion of the antenna waveguide is shown. [Figure 2C] An embodiment of a mechanism capable of moving at least a portion of the antenna waveguide is shown. [Figure 3] This document describes an embodiment of an antenna having an electrical element and a mechanism that can control the movement of a waveguide that compensates for vibrations. [Figure 4] A flowchart illustrating a method for compensating for the effects of antenna vibration is shown. [Figure 5A] An embodiment of an actuator that controls the movement of at least a portion of the waveguide of an antenna is shown. [Figure 5B] Figure 5A shows a cross-sectional view of the actuator. [Figure 5C] Figure 5A shows a cross-sectional view of a ferromagnetic element that can be used in the actuator. [Figure 5D]Figure 5A shows cross-sectional views of other ferromagnetic elements that can be used in the actuator. [Figure 6A] Figure 6B shows a flowchart illustrating a method for compensating for the effects of antenna vibration using an actuator with the elements shown. [Figure 6B] The present invention describes an actuator comprising at least two opposing ferromagnetic elements and at least one inductor associated with one of the ferromagnetic elements. [Figure 6C] A flowchart illustrating a method for compensating for antenna vibrations using an actuator with the elements shown in Figure 6D is provided. [Figure 6D] The figure shows an actuator comprising a pair of opposing elements, each pair comprising a ferromagnetic element and an inductor. Detailed description of the invention

[0054] The following description provides many details in order to give a complete understanding of the invention. However, it will be understood by the art that the subject matter disclosed herein can be carried out without these details. In other embodiments, well-known methods are not described in detail to the extent that they do not obscure the subject matter disclosed herein.

[0055] The term “processor and memory circuit” (PCM) as used herein is to be interpreted broadly to include any electronic device having a computer processing unit that is readily connected to a data processing circuit, such as a computer memory capable of executing various data processing instructions (e.g., a digital signal processing unit (DSP), a microcontroller, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)).

[0056] This may include single processors or multiple processors arranged in the same geometric region, or at least partially in different regions, and arranged to communicate with one another.

[0057] Unless otherwise specified, as is evident from the following description, descriptions in the specification using terms such as “acquire,” “determine,” “control,” and “execute” are understood to refer throughout to the operation and / or processing of processors and memory circuits that manipulate and / or convert data, for example, expressed as electrical and physical quantities and / or representing physical objects, into other data.

[0058] Figure 1A shows antenna 100. As shown in Figure 1A, antenna 100 has a main reflector 101 (also called a dish). Therefore, antenna 100 is a reflector antenna.

[0059] The main reflector 101 has a curved surface 116 that functions to reflect electromagnetic radiation (electromagnetic waves) when the antenna 100 is functioning in receiving and / or transmitting.

[0060] In the unlimited embodiment shown in Figure 1A, the main reflector 101 is a parabolic reflector having a curved surface 116 with a parabolic cross-section that directs electromagnetic waves.

[0061] Antenna 100 has a waveguide 120. Waveguide 120 can be designated as the feed waveguide 120 of antenna 100. This term is not to be interpreted as limiting and is used only to simplify the designation.

[0062] At least a portion of the waveguide 120 extends toward the region 130 (space 130) outside the antenna 100.

[0063] Electromagnetic radiation is transmitted by antenna 100 toward at least a portion of space 130, or electromagnetic radiation is received by antenna 100 from at least a portion of space 130.

[0064] In one embodiment, the waveguide 120 can protrude from the main reflector 101 (see Figure 1A, where the waveguide 120 protrudes outwards from the main reflector 101 toward space 130).

[0065] In one embodiment, waveguide 120 is connected to a first waveguide that, at least a portion of which is projected outwards from the main reflector 101 toward space 130 (as described with reference to Figure 1E).

[0066] In one embodiment, only a portion of the waveguide 120 protrudes out of the main reflector 120 toward space 130 (as will be explained with reference to Figure 1F, in which only a portion of the waveguide 120 protrudes toward space 130).

[0067] The end 121 of the waveguide 120 (the end facing the space 130) can be connected to the reflector 122 (also called the sub-reflector 122).

[0068] Antenna 100 has a first waveguide 115 (partially shown in Figure 1A). The first waveguide 155 and waveguide 120 are connected to function. In particular, antenna 100 can transmit electron radiation between the first waveguide 115 and waveguide 120.

[0069] In some embodiments, electromagnetic radiation lies in the radio frequency (RF) range. However, it is not limited to this range.

[0070] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1A, the first waveguide 115 protrudes inward from the main reflector 101 toward the interior 131 of the antenna 100. The interior 131 contains various elements of the antenna 100, such as a radio transceiver (not shown in Figure 1A), a low-band port, and / or a high-band port.

[0071] The first waveguide 115 is directly or indirectly connected to one or more radio transceivers (not shown) of the antenna 100. The radio transceivers can be used to generate electromagnetic radiation transmitted by the antenna 100 and / or to process electromagnetic radiation received by the antenna 100.

[0072] When antenna 100 is functioning for transmission, electromagnetic radiation is transmitted from waveguide 115 to waveguide 120. Waveguide 120 transmits the electromagnetic radiation to the main reflector 101 (via subreflector 122) (see arrow 150). When antenna 100 is not vibrating, the main reflector 101 transmits the electromagnetic radiation as a beam along the required direction (see Figure 1A, arrow 151).

[0073] When antenna 100 is functioning as a receiver, electromagnetic radiation is received by the main reflector 101 and reflected by the main reflector 101 toward waveguide 120 (via the sub-reflector 122). Waveguide 120 transmits the electromagnetic radiation to the first waveguide 115 (for processing by the radio transceiver).

[0074] As will be explained below, one or more elements, such as the mechanism 165 shown in Figures 1D, 1E, and 1F, can be present on the transmission path between the first waveguide 115 and the waveguide 120.

[0075] Now, pay attention to Figure 1B.

[0076] During operation, antenna 100 is generally subjected to vibrations. These vibrations can be caused, for example, by wind, by the base on which antenna 100 is mounted (e.g., a mast or pole), by human activity, or by other vibration sources. However, they are not limited to these.

[0077] These vibrations cause at least some of the structure of the antenna 100 to undergo displacement along one or more axes. Such displacements include, in particular, azimuthal displacement (such as rotation or tilt) and / or vertical displacement (called pitch and / or yaw rotation).

[0078] Figure 1B shows an example of the effects of structural vibrations on antenna 100 when such vibration effects are not guaranteed.

[0079] Let's assume an example where a beam of electromagnetic radiation is required to be transmitted along the required direction indicated by arrow 151 in Figure 1A.

[0080] In the unspecified example of Figure 1B, the antenna 100 is tilted about one axis due to vibration (depending on the definition of the axis, this can correspond to movement in azimuth or height).

[0081] As a result, the beam 160 transmitted by the antenna 100 into space 130 has a direction different from the required direction 151.

[0082] Note that this problem also arises when the effects of such vibrations are not guaranteed, even if antenna 100 functions as a receiver, as shown in Figure 1C. Assume that antenna 100 receives an electromagnetic ray (beam) 161 parallel to the required direction 151 (shown in Figure 1A). Due to vibrations, antenna 100 may not be able to collect the required electromagnetic ray / beam (or may only collect it poorly).

[0083] As can be seen from the example in Figure 1B or 1C, if the effects of vibration are not compensated for, the performance of the antenna can be altered.

[0084] This problem is more significant with large dish-shaped antennas that produce a narrow beamwidth. The table shows unrestricted values ​​of beamwidth with respect to dish diameter at a frequency of 80 GHz.

[0085] [Table 1]

[0086] Errors in the transmission (reception) direction of the beam transmitted (received) by the antenna affect the antenna's performance.

[0087] Pay attention to Figure 1D.

[0088] With respect to vibrations of antenna 100, antenna 100 has a mechanism 165 to compensate at least partially. As described herein, the mechanism 165 may have one or more mechanical elements that can move at least a portion of the waveguide 120 with respect to the main reflector 101 and / or the first waveguide 115. In particular, it can displace at least a portion (or all) of the waveguide 120 (and the sub-reflector 122 located at its nearby end) in terms of azimuth (see arrow 166) and / or elevation (see arrow 167). The displacement is, for example, rotation or tilt in terms of azimuth and / or elevation.

[0089] In one embodiment, the mechanism 165 is positioned at the boundary between the first waveguide 115 and the waveguide 120.

[0090] In a parabolic antenna (dish-shaped antenna), the vertex 164 of the main reflector 101 (rotating parabolic reflector) is the furthest point at the center of the rotating parabolic reflector. In one embodiment, the position of the mechanism 165 coincides with the position of the vertex of the main reflector 101, according to the proximity reference. The mechanism 165 is positioned approximately at the same level as the vertex of the main reflector 120, above the vertex 164 of the main reflector 101 (see Figure 1E), or below the vertex of the main reflector 101 (see Figure 1F), on the rotation axis of the waveguide 120 (the principal axis Z of the waveguide 120 directed toward space 130).

[0091] The proximity criterion can be defined, for example, as the distance (height) along axis Z between the mechanism 165 and the vertex 164 of the main reflector 101 (see Figures 1E and 1F, 168) being less than 10% of the diameter 169 of the main reflector 101. However, it is not limited to this value.

[0092] When the mechanism 165 is located at the apex 164 of the main reflector 101, the entire waveguide 120 protruding from the main reflector 101 (or most of it) is tilted with respect to the main reflector 101, as shown in Figure 1E. In other words, the entire waveguide 120 (or most of it) is tilted.

[0093] Figure 1E shows a configuration in which waveguide 120 is connected to a first waveguide 115, where at least a portion of the first waveguide 115 protrudes from the main reflector 101 toward space 130. In this case, the first waveguide 115 extends into the interior 131 of the antenna 100, and a portion of the first waveguide 115 protrudes out of the main reflector 101 toward space 130.

[0094] The mechanism 165 is positioned at the boundary between the first waveguide 115 and waveguide 120. As shown in Figure 1E, the mechanism 165 can move waveguide 120 with respect to the main reflector 101 (rotating it in azimuth and / or elevation).

[0095] Figure 1F shows another configuration in which the waveguide 120 has a portion that is positioned below the vertex 164 of the main reflector 100 (along the axis Z). In other words, the waveguide 120 extends into the interior 131 of the antenna 100, and a portion of the waveguide 120 protrudes out of the main reflector 101 toward space 130n.

[0096] Waveguide 120 is connected to a first waveguide 115 located inside antenna 100 131.

[0097] The mechanism 165 is positioned at the boundary between the first waveguide 115 and waveguide 120. In this embodiment, the mechanism 165 is positioned inside 131 of the antenna 100. As shown in Figure 1F, the mechanism 165 can move waveguide 120 (rotate it in azimuth and / or elevation) with respect to the main reflector 101. The main reflector 101 may have an aperture at its apex 164 that allows this movement.

[0098] Note Figure 1G here.

[0099] As already explained with reference to Figure 1B, the vibration causes displacement of the antenna 100, which in turn causes the beam 160 transmitted by the antenna 100 into space 130 to have a different direction from the required direction 151.

[0100] As explained with reference to Figures 1D through 1F, the mechanism 165 can displace the waveguide 120. Therefore, in order to compensate for the effects of vibration, at least partially, the waveguide 120 is controlled to move (rotate / tilt) about at least one axis.

[0101] As shown in Figure 1G, waveguide 120 is moved from its original position 171 to a new position 172. At the new position 172, waveguide 120 transmits beam 173 to the main reflector 101 (via the sub-reflector 122), and then transmits beam 174. Beam 174 is transmitted along the required direction (indicated by arrow 151 in Figure 1A). Note that beam 174 has multiple electromagnetic lines transmitted by the main reflector 101 so as to be parallel to the required direction 151.

[0102] In other words, the effects of vibrations in antenna 100 are compensated (at least partially) by moving at least a portion of waveguide 120.

[0103] Note that it is not necessary to move the entire antenna 100 (for example, the main reflector 101 does not need to be moved), but only a part (or all) of the waveguide 120 needs to be moved (including elements attached to the waveguide 120, such as the secondary reflector 122).

[0104] Based on the interaction effect, the same principle described in the transmission mode can be applied when the antenna functions in reception, as shown in Figure 1H.

[0105] If vibrations are not compensated for, the vibrations include the displacement of antenna 100, and subsequently the failure of antenna 100 to collect the beam 1741 received from the required direction 151 (partially or entirely). Conversely, antenna 100 may collect an unintended beam 1601 (note that arrow 1601 can also correspond to an electromagnetic line) (because it comes from a different direction than the required direction 151).

[0106] By using mechanism 165, the waveguide 120 is controlled to move (e.g., rotate / tilt) with respect to at least one axis in order to compensate, at least partially, for the effects of vibration.

[0107] As shown in Figure 1H, the waveguide 120 is moved from its original position 1711 to a new position 1721. The main reflector 101 reflects the desired beam 1741 to beam 1731 toward the subreflector 122, which is attached to the waveguide 120 located at the new position 1721. Thus, the beam received along the desired direction is received by the antenna 100. Note that, thanks to the shape of the main reflector, any electromagnetic ray parallel to the desired direction 151 (see, for example, reference numeral 177) is transmitted to the subreflector 122 and to the waveguide 120 located at the new position 1721.

[0108] Note that the embodiments in Figures 1G and 1H are shown with reference to the configuration of antenna 100 shown in Figure 1D. However, this is not limited to such configurations, and configurations of antenna 100 as shown in Figure 1E or Figure 1F may be used.

[0109] Pay attention to Figures 2A and 2B.

[0110] Figure 2A shows an embodiment of mechanism 165 (265 in Figure 2A). However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment.

[0111] In this embodiment, the mechanism 265 has a socket 200 (e.g., a spherical socket) and a projection 210 (e.g., a spherical projection). Therefore, the projection 210 can rotate within the socket 210. In particular, the waveguide 120 can rotate around the center of the projection 210. This mechanism 265 is also called a ball joint.

[0112] The mechanism 265 can rotate the waveguide 120 around at least two axes: azimuth and elevation. Note that in this embodiment, the mechanism 265 can also rotate around the Z axis (however, movement of the waveguide 120 around this axis is not required to compensate for vibrations).

[0113] In some embodiments, a mechanism 265 that can move along only one axis (azimuth or elevation) may be used. This may include, for example, a waveguide rotary joint or a waveguide rotating joint. This is not limited to these.

[0114] In the embodiment shown in Figure 2A, the mechanism 265 is positioned at the boundary between the first waveguide 115 and the waveguide 120. As a result, the socket 200 is positioned at the end 205 of the first waveguide 115 (which corresponds to the end 205 of the first waveguide 115 connected to the waveguide 120), and the projection 210 is positioned at the end 220 of the waveguide 120 (which corresponds to the end 220 of the waveguide 120 connected to the first waveguide 115).

[0115] Mechanism 265 is merely an embodiment, and other mechanisms, such as a waveguide rotary joint, a waveguide rotating joint, or a flexible waveguide, can be used. This example is not limiting.

[0116] As can be understood from the embodiments described above, the mechanism (e.g., 165 or 265) is positioned between two waveguides (e.g., between the first waveguide 115 and waveguide 120). During the operation of antenna 100, electromagnetic radiation must be radiated between the two waveguides. Assume that the mechanism has at least a first mechanism element and a second mechanism element (mechanical part) that cooperate to operate as required. To optimize the performance of antenna 100, the gap (air gap) between the first and second elements is set within the wavelength range [λ] over which antenna 100 operates. min :λ max Beneficial wavelength λ mean It has a length (e.g., thickness) that is less than 1 / 10 (10%) of λ. In one embodiment, λ mean λ is (minimum wavelength of operation) min , or (maximum operating wavelength) λ max Corresponds to, or λ min , and, λ max This corresponds to the average. Since the first and second elements are positioned close to each other, leakage of electromagnetic radiation outside the antenna 100 (antenna loss) is limited or sufficiently suppressed.

[0117] In the embodiments shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the first mechanism element corresponds to the socket 200, and the second mechanism element corresponds to the projection 210. The gap between the socket 200 and the projection 210 is indicated by 250 (as seen in Figure 2C).

[0118] Pay attention to Figure 3.

[0119] To guide the operation of the waveguide 120, the antenna 100 may have (or be functionally connected to) an actuator 170, such as a motor. The actuator 170 can work in cooperation with the mechanism 165 to control the movement of at least a portion of the waveguide 120.

[0120] In one embodiment (for example, as shown in Figure 3), the actuator 170 is functionally connected to the waveguide 120 and induces a displacement of the waveguide 120. This displacement is guided by a mechanism 165 that allows at least one degree of freedom with respect to the displacement of the waveguide 120 with respect to the main reflector 101.

[0121] The antenna 100 may further have (or be functionally connected to) at least one sensor 175 (or multiple sensors 175). The sensor 175 provides useful data over time regarding the displacement of the antenna 100 (and / or at least a part of the antenna 100, such as the main reflector 101). motion It generates data (e.g., inertial data) that can be used to determine the position. Note that the sensor 175 can be placed at various positions on the antenna 100. The sensor 175 may include, for example, a gyroscope that measures angular velocity along the azimuth axis and / or elevation axis, and an accelerometer that measures the direction of gravity. The position of the antenna 100 is provided over time by integrating the angular velocity (e.g., by a processor such as the control unit 180 and memory circuits). In some embodiments, the sensor 175 may include an inertial measuring unit (IMU). In some embodiments, the sensor 175 may include a position sensor.

[0122] In one embodiment, the antenna 100 has a first sensor that collects data that can be used to determine useful data regarding the displacement of the antenna 100 in a first frequency range (low frequency), and a second sensor that collects data that can be used to determine useful data regarding the displacement of the antenna in a second frequency range (high frequency), where the average frequency of the first range is less than the average frequency of the second range.

[0123] For example, the first sensor could be an accelerometer that measures gravity. This allows for the determination of the elevation angle. In particular, changes in the elevation angle can be detected at frequencies below 1 Hz. These displacements may be caused, for example, by the sun warming the base (mast or pole) on which the antenna 100 is mounted. These displacements occur at low frequencies (below 1 Hz).

[0124] The second sensor could be a gyroscope that measures vibrations at higher frequencies (e.g., below 30 Hz). These vibrations can be caused, for example, by wind.

[0125] Note that the aforementioned vibration source and frequency values ​​are not limited.

[0126] Furthermore, the antenna 100 has (or is functionally connected to) at least one control unit 180. The control unit 180 may have a processor and a memory circuit (not shown). The control unit 180 can receive data from the sensor 175. The data is D motion It can be equivalent to, or D motion This can be used to generate commands for the actuator 170. The control unit 180 can use data from the sensor 175 to generate commands for the actuator 170 in order to control the movement of the waveguide 120 and to compensate for vibrations experienced by the antenna 100.

[0127] Note Figure 4, which shows how to control antenna 100.

[0128] This method provides useful data D regarding the required beam direction of electromagnetic radiation received or transmitted by antenna 100. beam It has the ability to obtain (operation 400). Data D beam This can be acquired by the control unit 180. In the embodiments of Figures 1G and 1H, data D beam D determines direction 151 as the required direction. beam For example, it may have a two-dimensional or three-dimensional vector that determines the required beam direction.

[0129] In one embodiment, (antenna 100 needs to transmit electromagnetic waves to a second antenna, and the position and orientation of the second antenna are known,) D beam For example, this can be known in advance. In one embodiment, D beam This can be measured (for example, by acquiring data on the position and orientation of the second antenna). D beam This can be provided to the control unit 180, for example, by the operator of antenna 100 and / or by a system that communicates with antenna 100.

[0130] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1A, D beam This sets a 0-degree inclination (with respect to the Z-axis) in the required direction 151. This is not limiting, and in some embodiments, the required inclination angle of the beam direction does not have to be 0 (in reception and / or transmission).

[0131] Furthermore, this method provides useful data D regarding the displacement of the antenna 100 (for example, by the control unit 180). motion It has the ability to obtain (operation 410). As mentioned above, D motion This can be provided by sensor 175, or generated using data provided by sensor 175. motion For example, the antenna 100 (or at least the main reflector 101) may have displacements (e.g., angular displacements) with respect to the azimuth axis and / or the elevation axis. Figure 3 shows the angular displacement (rotation) of the azimuth (see arrow 166 indicating rotation with respect to axis X) and the angular displacement (rotation) of the elevation (see arrow 167 indicating rotation with respect to axis Y). Note that the definitions of the azimuth axis and the elevation axis are matters of convention. Therefore, in other conventions, the rotation of the azimuth may correspond to arrow 167 and the rotation of the elevation may correspond to arrow 166.

[0132] In one embodiment, operation 410 may include measuring the velocity along the azimuth axis and / or the elevation axis, and integrating the angular velocity along the azimuth axis and / or the elevation axis to obtain the angular displacement along the azimuth axis and / or the elevation axis.

[0133] Furthermore, this method is D motion , and, D beam Using this, the displacement (corrected displacement) D of the waveguide 120 (or at least a part thereof) corrective This includes determining (operation 420).

[0134] When antenna 100 functions as a transmitter, for example, waveguide 120 is D corrective When moving accordingly, the direction of the beam transmitted by antenna 100 corresponds to the required beam direction obtained in operation 400, D corrective To decide.

[0135] When antenna 100 functions as a receiver, for example, waveguide 120 is D corrective When moving accordingly, the incident electromagnetic beam (or incident electromagnetic ray) having the required beam direction is reflected by the main reflector 101 toward the sub-reflector 122 and then toward the waveguide 120.

[0136] In one embodiment, antenna 100 can function for both receiving and transmitting simultaneously (or nearly simultaneously). If the required beam direction is the same for both receiving and transmitting, waveguide 120 is moved in accordance with this required beam direction to ensure that it transmits for both receiving and transmitting.

[0137] Operation 420 may be performed by the control unit 180. This displacement D corrective Based on this, the control unit 180 controls the actuator 170 to move the displacement D corrective In response, a command (e.g., an electrical signal) can be generated to be sent to the actuator 170 to move at least a portion of the waveguide 120. In one embodiment, the control unit 180 is D correctiveD is sent to the motor driver, which converts the D into an electrical signal that is sent to the actuator 170. corrective This determines the electrical signal, in particular, as described here, which can correspond to the current applied to the inductor of actuator 170.

[0138] In some embodiments, the variation is determined along one axis (e.g., angular rotation in azimuth or angular rotation in elevation). In other embodiments, the variation is determined along two axes (e.g., rotation in azimuth and elevation).

[0139] Let's assume that the angular displacement of antenna 100 in terms of elevation angle (due to vibration) is denoted by θ (see Figure 1G).

[0140] Corrected displacement D corrective The following a1θ+a2θ 3 Here, a1 and a2 can be calculated as coefficients that depend on the shape and dimensions of the main reflector 101. For example, for a typical dish-shaped antenna, the "F / D ratio" (corresponding to the ratio between the focal length of the antenna 100 and the diameter 169 of the main reflector 101) is equal to 0.4, and a1 = 1.1 and a2 = 0. This is not limited to this. If the "F / D ratio" is different, the values ​​of a1 and a2 can be appropriately adjusted using electromagnetic simulation software (the shape and dimensions of the antenna are provided to the electromagnetic simulation software, which provides the beam direction determined by the inclination of the waveguide 120).

[0141] In other words, at least a portion of waveguide 120 is a1θ+a2θ 3 It must be rotated at an elevation angle with an equivalent angular rotation.

[0142] Similarly, the displacement of antenna 100 along the azimuth axis is shown by φ (not shown), and the corrected displacement D corrective The following a1φ + a2φ 3 It can be calculated as follows. The values ​​of a1 and a2 used for the movement of the azimuth angle can also be used for the movement of the elevation angle.

[0143] Note that these formulas are not limiting, and other formulas may be used.

[0144] Furthermore, the method includes transmitting a command signal (determined in operation 420) to the actuator 170 (for example, by the control unit 180) (operation 430). At least a portion of the waveguide 120 (with the subreflector 122) is moved by the actuator 170 (as previously stated, the mechanism 165 can move the waveguide 120) to a new position (see position 172 in Figure 1G and position 1721 in Figure 1H).

[0145] Furthermore, the method includes transmitting electromagnetic radiation using the antenna 100, which has reached a new position in the waveguide 120 (operation 440). In the embodiment of Figure 1G, the direction of the beam 174 transmitted by the antenna 100 coincides with the required beam direction 151, according to a conformance criterion. The conformance criterion can determine, for example, the maximum angular error (between the required beam direction and the actual beam direction). In one embodiment, the conformance criterion is that the maximum angular error is less than 1 / 4 of the beam width (the beam width determines the angular opening of the beam transmitted or received by the antenna).

[0146] Similarly, operation 440 includes receiving electromagnetic radiation using antenna 100, which has reached a new position in waveguide 120 (operation 440).

[0147] When antenna 100 functions as a receiver, it receives electromagnetic radiation that matches the beam direction 151 required according to the conformance criteria. The conformance criteria stipulate that any electromagnetic beam having a direction different from the required beam direction by a value less than or equal to the maximum angular error is received by the antenna (on the other hand, electromagnetic beams having a direction different from the required beam direction by a value greater than the maximum angular error are not received by the antenna, or are received, for example, with an amplitude less than a threshold of 1 dB, this value is not limited). In one embodiment, the maximum angular error is less than 1 / 4 of the beam width received by antenna 100.

[0148] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1H, the beam 1741 received by antenna 100 coincides with the beam direction 151 required according to the compliance criteria, and is therefore collected by waveguide 120. On the other hand, beam 1601 (note that arrow 1601 can also correspond to electromagnetic wires) does not coincide with the beam direction 151 required according to the compliance criteria because the angular deviation Δ with respect to the required beam direction is greater than the maximum angular error. Therefore, beam 1601 is not received by waveguide 120.

[0149] As is evident in Figure 4 (see reference numeral 450), the method in Figure 4 can be repeated over time. If the required beam direction does not change, the vibrations applied to the antenna 100 may change over time, and as a result, operations 410 to 440 can be repeated because it is necessary to update the corrective displacement to compensate for the vibrations.

[0150] If the required beam direction changes, operations 400 through 440 can be repeated.

[0151] Real-time (or near real-time) compensation for vibration can be obtained. The frequency at which the method in Figure 4 is repeated can be set, for example, by the operator, depending on the frequency of the vibration to be compensated. If necessary, this frequency can be changed over time. In one embodiment, the frequency of vibration is measured, and the frequency at which the method in Figure 4 is repeated is dynamically adjusted according to the frequency of vibration.

[0152] Note Figures 5A and 5B, which show an embodiment of actuator 170 (in Figure 5A, the actuator is indicated as 570). This embodiment is not limiting, and other actuators may be used.

[0153] The actuator 570 has a magnetic body 510 (e.g., a permanent magnet) connected to (e.g., attached to) the waveguide 120. In the non-limited embodiment shown in Figure 5A, the magnetic body 510 has a through hole in its center. The waveguide 120 extends through this through hole. However, it is not limited to this, and other methods of attaching the magnetic body 510 to the waveguide 120 can be used.

[0154] Furthermore, the actuator 570 includes a first ferromagnetic element 5251 and a second ferromagnetic element 5252. The first ferromagnetic element 5251 is positioned opposite the second ferromagnetic element 5252 with respect to the waveguide 120. Examples of ferromagnetic elements include, but are not limited to, iron and / or steel.

[0155] The actuator 570 has at least one inductor which can be associated with a first ferromagnetic element 5251 and / or a second ferromagnetic element 5252. The inductor may have an insulating wire wound in a coil. Thus, the inductor can be wound around the first ferromagnetic element 5251 and / or the second ferromagnetic element 5252 (so that the corresponding ferromagnetic elements can be magnetized). Note that the inductor does not need to be in direct contact with the corresponding ferromagnetic elements (an insulating layer may be present on the ferromagnetic elements).

[0156] As described here, an inductor associated with one of two opposing ferromagnetic elements can displace the waveguide 120 along one axis (see arrow 580, which conventionally corresponds to rotations of the azimuth or elevation angle, for example). In particular, rotations can be obtained with respect to an axis perpendicular to the axis connecting the two opposing ferromagnetic elements. However, two (or more) inductors can be used, each associated with a ferromagnetic element (as in the lesser-limited embodiment of Figure 5A).

[0157] Without current supplied to the inductor, the two opposing ferromagnetic elements maintain the magnetic material 510 in an equilibrium position (with a tilt of 0 degrees).

[0158] In Figure 5A, the actuator 570 has a first inductor 5201 associated with a first ferromagnetic element 5251, and a second inductor 5202 associated with a second ferromagnetic element 5252.

[0159] In the embodiment shown in Figure 5A, the first pair of elements (having a first inductor 5201 and a first ferromagnetic element 5251) are positioned opposite the second pair of elements (having a second inductor 5202 and a second ferromagnetic element 5252) with respect to the waveguide 120. In particular, the first pair of elements face the first side of the magnetic material 510, and the second pair of elements face the second side of the magnetic material 510 opposite the first side.

[0160] The first pair and the second pair of elements can control the movement of the waveguide 120 along direction 580.

[0161] In one embodiment, the actuator 570 may have additional elements.

[0162] The actuator 570 may have a third ferromagnetic element 5253 and a fourth ferromagnetic element 5254. The third ferromagnetic element is positioned opposite the fourth ferromagnetic element 5254 with respect to the waveguide 120.

[0163] The actuator 570 may have at least one additional inductor, the additional inductor may be associated with the third ferromagnetic element 5253 and / or the fourth ferromagnetic element. Thus, the additional inductor is positioned near the third ferromagnetic element 5253 and / or the fourth ferromagnetic element (to enable magnetization of the corresponding ferromagnetic element).

[0164] An inductor associated with one of the two opposing ferromagnetic elements 5253, 5254 allows for displacement of the waveguide 120 along an additional axis (see arrow 581, which conventionally corresponds to rotation of the azimuth or elevation angle, for example). However, two (or more) inductors may be used (as in the lesser-limited embodiment of Figure 5A), each inductor associated with a ferromagnetic element.

[0165] In Figure 5A, the actuator 570 has a third inductor 5203 associated with a third ferromagnetic element 5253, and a fourth inductor 5204 associated with a fourth ferromagnetic element 5254.

[0166] In the embodiment shown in Figure 5A, the third pair of elements (having a third inductor 5203 and a third ferromagnetic element 5253) are positioned opposite the fourth pair of elements (having a fourth inductor 5204 and a fourth ferromagnetic element 5254) with respect to the waveguide 120. In particular, the third pair of elements face the second side of the magnetic material 510, and the fourth pair of elements face the side of the magnetic material 510 opposite the second side.

[0167] When four ferromagnetic elements (and at least two inductors, one for each axis) are used, each ferromagnetic element can be positioned at a 90-degree angle to an adjacent ferromagnetic element (in the plane XY perpendicular to the principal axis Z of the waveguide 120).

[0168] In the unspecified embodiment shown in Figure 5A, in which four pairs of elements are used, each pair of elements is positioned at a 90-degree angle to an adjacent ferromagnetic element (in the plane XY perpendicular to the principal axis Z of the waveguide 120).

[0169] Note that a number of other elements may be used. For each axis in which the movement of the waveguide 120 is controlled, two ferromagnetic elements (arranged opposite each other with respect to the waveguide 120) and at least one inductor connected to one of the two ferromagnetic elements may be used. Note that the ferromagnetic elements may be connected to the housing of the antenna 100 using appropriate mechanical connections.

[0170] Note Figures 5B through 5D. Figure 5B shows a cross-section of actuator 570 (therefore, only three pairs of elements are shown in Figure 5B).

[0171] In the unlimited embodiment shown in Figure 5B, the cross-section of each ferromagnetic element has a shape similar to U ("U-shaped" ferromagnetic element). The magnetic material 510 can spread at least partially within the cavity 595 defined by the shape of each ferromagnetic element.

[0172] In one embodiment, each ferromagnetic element can behave as a yoke surrounding the magnetic material 510.

[0173] Assume that the Z-axis (directed toward the external space of antenna 100) corresponds to the rotation axis of waveguide 120.

[0174] Each ferromagnetic element (or at least one ferromagnetic element) may have two parts (corresponding to the two arms of "U"). The first arm 585 is positioned at least partially above the magnetic material 510 (along the Z-axis), and the second arm 586 is positioned at least partially below the magnetic material 510 (along the Z-axis). The third arm 587 joins the first arm 585 to the second arm 586. In Figure 5B, at least a portion of the first arm 585 surrounds the magnetic material 510. However, the lengths of the first arm 585 and / or the second arm 586 can be selected, for example, so that the first arm 585 and / or the second arm 586 do not surround the magnetic material 510.

[0175] The first arm 585 and the second arm 586 can be substantially parallel. In some embodiments, the first arm 585 and the second arm 586 can have a curved shape (see Figure 5C).

[0176] Note that the first arm 585 and the second arm 586 may have different lengths, as shown in Figure 5C. In other embodiments, the first arm 585 and the second arm 586 may have the same length (see Figure 5D).

[0177] Note Figures 6A and 6B, which show a method for controlling the movement of the waveguide 120 using an actuator having at least two ferromagnetic elements and at least one inductor associated with the ferromagnetic elements.

[0178] This method includes generating a current in an inductor (e.g., inductor 5204) (operation 600). A generator (e.g., controlled by control unit 180) can be used to generate the current applied to the inductor. The generator is not shown in the figure.

[0179] The magnetic material 510, together with the north pole 606 and the south pole 607, has a magnetic pole dipole moment.

[0180] The current 609 is supplied to the inductor 5204 so that it functions as a magnetic material associated with a magnetic dipole moment 610 (magnetic flux) (operation 601). The magnetic dipole moment 610 has a north pole 611 and a south pole 612. The magnetic dipole moment 610 is spread through the shape of the ferromagnetic element 5254 (in particular through the first part, the second part, and the third part). Due to the presence of the ferromagnetic element 5254, the magnetization induced in the inductor 5204 flows through the ferromagnetic element 5254. The ferromagnetic element 5254 can move the magnetic field induced by the inductor 5204 in the vicinity of the magnetic material 510.

[0181] According to the laws of physics, there is an attractive force between a north pole and a south pole, and a repulsive force between two north poles and between two south poles.

[0182] In the configuration shown in Figure 6B, the south pole Sm607 is attracted to the north pole N2611, and the north pole Nm606 is attracted to the south pole S2612.

[0183] In other words, the current 609 can generate an attractive force (magnetic force) in direction 650. Therefore, the magnetic material 510 is moved in direction 650. Since the magnetic material 510 is connected to the waveguide 120, the waveguide 120 is moved in direction 650. The movement of the waveguide 120 is guided by the mechanism 165.

[0184] To move the waveguide 120 in direction 651, which is the opposite direction to direction 650, a current (i.e., an opposite signal) with the opposite direction to the current 609 is applied to the inductor 5204.

[0185] Figures 6C and 6D show different methods of Figures 6A and 6B. In Figure 6D, the movement of the waveguide 120 is controlled along one axis using two opposing pairs of elements (each pair having a ferromagnetic element and an inductor).

[0186] The magnetic material 510, together with the north pole 605 and the south pole 606, has a magnetic pole dipole moment 605.

[0187] The current 609 is applied to the inductor (e.g., coil 5204) (operation 660). Because the current 609 is supplied to the inductor 5204, it acts as a magnetic material associated with a pole-dipole moment 610. The pole-dipole moment 610 has a north pole 611 and a south pole 612. The pole-dipole moment 610 extends through the shape of the ferromagnetic element 5254 (particularly through the first arm, the second arm, and the third arm). The magnetization induced in the inductor 5204 by the presence of the ferromagnetic element 5254 flows through the ferromagnetic element 5254.

[0188] Current 615 is applied to another inductor (e.g., inductor 5203) (operation 661). Current 615 flows in inductor 5203 in the opposite direction to the direction in which current 609 flows in inductor 5204 (opposite signal flow). Due to the presence of the ferromagnetic element 5254, the magnetization induced by inductor 5204 flows through the ferromagnetic element 5254.

[0189] The current 615 is supplied to the inductor 5203, so it acts as a magnetic material associated with a magnetic pole dipole moment 625. The magnetic pole dipole moment 625 has a north pole 626 and a south pole 627. The magnetic pole dipole moment 625 extends through the shape of the ferromagnetic element 5253 (particularly through the first, second, and third parts). The magnetization induced in the inductor 5203 by the presence of the ferromagnetic element 5253 flows through the ferromagnetic element 5203.

[0190] In one embodiment, the amplitude of current 609 is the same as the amplitude of current 615. However, this is not essential.

[0191] In the configuration shown in Figure 6D, the south pole Sm607 is attracted by the north pole N2611 and repelled by the south pole S1627.

[0192] The north pole Nm606 is attracted by the south pole S2612 and repelled by the north pole N1626.

[0193] In other words, currents 609 and 615 can generate an attractive force in direction 650. Therefore, the magnetic material 510 is moved in direction 650 (operation 662). Note that because two inductors are used, the attractive force generated in Figure 6D is greater than that in Figure 6B. Since the magnetic material 510 is connected to the waveguide 120, the waveguide 120 is moved in direction 650 (as mentioned above, the mechanism 165 can move the waveguide 120).

[0194] To move the waveguide 120 in direction 651, which is the opposite direction to direction 650, a current (opposite signal) with the opposite direction to current 609 is applied to inductor 5204, and a current (opposite signal) with the opposite direction to current 615 is applied to inductor 5203.

[0195] The aforementioned actuator is not limited to, and in some embodiments, an actuator or a motor (for example, an electric motor mechanically connected to the waveguide 120) may be used.

[0196] Note that the various features described in the various embodiments can be combined according to all possible technical combinations.

[0197] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited in its application to the details included herein or described in the drawings. Other embodiments are possible and can be carried out and implemented in various ways. Therefore, it should be understood that the terms used herein, and the terms used herein, are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered limiting. Accordingly, those skilled in the art will understand that the underlying concepts of this disclosure can be readily used as a basis for designing other structures, methods, and systems to accomplish some of the purposes of the subject matter now disclosed.

[0198] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that various modifications and changes as described herein can be applied to embodiments of the present invention without departing from the scope of the appended claims and as defined herein.

Claims

1. main reflector, A waveguide wherein at least a portion of the waveguide protrudes toward the external region of the antenna, The aforementioned antenna is Between the waveguide and the main reflector, a waveguide that functions to transmit electromagnetic radiation, and A mechanism that can shift at least a portion of the waveguide with respect to the main reflector, and An actuator that functions to move at least a portion of the waveguide, It has, The actuator is A permanent magnet connected to the waveguide, The first ferromagnetic element, A first inductor associated with the first ferromagnetic element, The second ferromagnetic element, The third ferromagnetic element, A second inductor associated with the third ferromagnetic element, and The fourth ferromagnetic element, It has, The current generated in the first inductor can displace the azimuth angle of the permanent magnet and at least a portion of the waveguide, and the current in the first inductor can generate a magnetic force that attracts or repels the permanent magnet, The current generated in the second inductor can displace the elevation angle of the permanent magnet and at least a portion of the waveguide, and the current in the second inductor can generate a magnetic force that attracts or repels the permanent magnet. antenna.

2. At least a portion of the waveguide protrudes from the main reflector, or The waveguide is connected to the first waveguide, and at least a portion of the first waveguide protrudes from the main reflector. The antenna according to claim 1.

3. (1) The position of the mechanism shall coincide with the position of the apex of the main reflector, according to the proximity reference. (2) The mechanism is positioned at the boundary between the waveguide and the first waveguide coupled to the waveguide. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein at least one of (1) or (2) is satisfied.

4. The mechanism is an antenna according to claim 1, having a ball joint.

5. Data D useful for determining the displacement of the aforementioned antenna ｍｏｔｉｏｎ A sensor that generates data that can be used to make a decision, and Useful data D in the required beam direction of electromagnetic radiation transmitted or received by the aforementioned antenna ｂｅａｍ Obtain and D ｍｏｔｉｏｎ , and, D ｂｅａｍ Using this method, the displacement D relating to at least a portion of the waveguide is calculated. ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｖｅ An antenna having a control unit that functions to determine, The control unit, (1) D ｍｏｔｉｏｎ , and, D ｂｅａｍ Using this method, the displacement D relating to at least a portion of the waveguide is calculated. ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｖｅ To decide, (2)The beam direction of the electromagnetic radiation received or transmitted by the antenna is at least the displacement D of a part of the waveguide ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｖｅ after which matches the required beam direction according to the conformity criteria D ｍｏｔｉｏｎ , and D ｂｅａｍ is used to determine the displacement D with respect to at least a part of the waveguide ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｖｅ thereof. An antenna according to claim 1, which functions to perform (1) or (2).

6. A first sensor that generates data that can be used to determine data effective for the displacement of the antenna in a first frequency range, and A second sensor that generates data that can be used to determine data effective for the displacement of the antenna in a second frequency range, wherein the average frequency of the first frequency range is lower than the average frequency of the second frequency range. An antenna according to claim 5, having the following features.

7. The aforementioned mechanism is It has a first element that is functionally connected to a second element, The distance between the first element and the second element is The effective wavelength range of the antenna is less than 1 / 10 of the wavelength range in which the antenna functions. The antenna according to claim 1.

8. Including a third inductor associated with a second ferromagnetic element, The antenna according to claim 1.

9. The first ferromagnetic element is, It is a U-shaped ferromagnetic element, The antenna according to claim 1.

10. The first ferromagnetic element is, A first arm, at least a portion of which is positioned on the permanent magnet, A second arm, at least a portion of which is positioned below the permanent magnet, and A third arm connecting the first arm and the second arm, An antenna according to claim 9, having the following features.

11. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein the sign of the current generated in the first inductor is opposite to the sign of the current generated in the second inductor.

12. A third inductor associated with the second ferromagnetic element, A fourth inductor associated with the fourth ferromagnetic element, Furthermore, it has, With the opposite signal, the currents generated in the first and third inductors can displace at least a portion of the permanent magnet and the waveguide along the first direction, and with the opposite signal, the currents generated in the second and fourth inductors can displace at least a portion of the permanent magnet and the waveguide along the second direction, which is different from the first direction. The antenna according to claim 1.

13. main reflector, A waveguide wherein at least a portion of the waveguide protrudes toward the external region of the antenna and functions to transmit electromagnetic radiation between the waveguide and the main reflector, An actuator that functions to displace at least a portion of the waveguide, wherein the actuator A permanent magnet connected to at least a portion of the waveguide, The first ferromagnetic element, A first inductor associated with the first ferromagnetic element, The second ferromagnetic element, The third ferromagnetic element, A second inductor associated with the third ferromagnetic element, and The fourth ferromagnetic element, It has, The current generated in the first inductor can displace the azimuth angle of the permanent magnet and at least a portion of the waveguide, and the current in the first inductor can generate a magnetic force that attracts or repels the permanent magnet, The current generated in the second inductor can displace the elevation angle of the permanent magnet and at least a portion of the waveguide, and the current in the second inductor can generate a magnetic force that attracts or repels the permanent magnet, thus enabling the actuator. An antenna having

14. A method for controlling an antenna according to claim 13, The above method, depending on the processor and memory circuit configuration, Useful data D in the required beam direction of electromagnetic radiation transmitted or received by the aforementioned antenna ｂｅａｍ Obtain, Data D useful for determining the displacement of the aforementioned antenna ｍｏｔｉｏｎ To obtain, and, The beam direction of the electromagnetic radiation received or transmitted by the antenna is determined by the displacement D of at least a portion of the waveguide. ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｖｅ Afterwards, D matches the beam direction required according to the conformity criteria. ｍｏｔｉｏｎ , and, D ｂｅａｍ Using this method, the displacement D relating to at least a portion of the waveguide is calculated. ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｖｅ To decide, A method of having.

15. Control the actuator of the antenna, and the displacement D ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｖｅ Accordingly, the method involves moving at least a portion of the waveguide. The method according to claim 14.

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