Ess structure with fire preventing function by measuring distribution of temperature based on optical fiber

Abstract

According to the present invention, an Energy Storage System (ESS) container system for preventing fire is disclosed, wherein the ESS container system comprises at least one rack, and the rack comprises at least one battery module and each of the thermal runaway response units, each of which includes a power cutoff unit connected to each of the battery modules and cuts off power to the battery module when an abnormal condition is detected for the battery module, and each of the battery modules comprises a plurality of battery cells connected in series, an internal optical fiber for the battery module wired to contact each of the plurality of battery cells for a predetermined length, and each of the cases having at least one surface formed thereon, each having a power supply terminal for supplying power to each of the plurality of battery cells and a fiber optic supply terminal for providing the internal optical fiber for the battery module to the inside of each of the battery modules.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an ESS structure having a fire prevention function using an optical fiber distributed temperature measurement method. More specifically, the invention relates to an ESS structure having a fire prevention function using an optical fiber distributed temperature measurement method, which improves the structure of a battery rack included in an ESS container system and improves the structure of a battery module mounted on the battery rack, so that when an abnormal temperature change is detected for a specific battery cell included in a specific battery module among a plurality of battery modules mounted on the battery rack, the specific battery cell is determined to be a candidate cell for thermal runaway, and if it is determined that thermal runaway is proceeding by referring to voltage information or current information for the candidate cell for thermal runaway, the structure supports taking measures in advance. Background Technology

[0002] An Energy Storage System (ESS) is a solution for the efficient management of energy resources by storing electrical energy generated from external sources and releasing the stored energy to supply power to consumers when they need it. Specifically, an ESS is a system dependent on the power infrastructure used in conjunction with the power grid. It is gaining increasing attention recently because it can assist in the operation of various renewable energies, such as solar and wind power, by being linked with them, and can directly produce, consume, or sell electricity.

[0003] In Korea, the installation of ESS has increased rapidly since 2018. According to the report "Crisis in the Domestic ESS Industry Ecosystem - Causes and Countermeasures" published by the Hyundai Research Institute in 2020, a total of 28 fires occurred in ESS over a period of about two years starting from 2018. When examined by ESS type, 22 incidents occurred in ESS used in conjunction with renewable energy, 4 incidents were caused by peak control, and 2 incidents were related to frequency regulation. When examined by battery manufacturer, 15 incidents occurred at LG Chem (currently LG Energy Solution), 10 at Samsung SDI, and 3 at small and medium-sized battery companies.

[0004] Fire accidents occurring in these ESSs are attributed to structural problems of the ESS (specifically, lithium-ion batteries), and it is absolutely necessary to identify the clear cause and establish fundamental measures to prevent recurrence. However, in 2019, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy formed the 'Joint Public-Private ESS Fire Accident Cause Investigation Committee' and announced the 'ESS Accident Cause Investigation Results and Safety Enhancement Measures.' Nevertheless, as fire accidents involving ESSs continued to occur thereafter, it has been pointed out that the fundamental problem has not been resolved.

[0005] Overseas, fire incidents occurred in September 2021 and February 2022 at the Moss Landing ESS in California, the largest ESS facility in the U.S. operated by Vista Energy, resulting in the evacuation of approximately 1,500 residents and the closure of some highways. Furthermore, as evidenced by another fire incident at the same ESS facility in January 2025, it is evident that there have been ongoing difficulties in preventing fires at ESS facilities even recently.

[0006] Conventionally, to prevent fires occurring in ESS, the following technologies were applied: (i) battery cell safety enhancement technologies such as improving the material and structure of the battery cell or strengthening the protection circuit; (ii) thermal management technologies such as a cooling system to lower the temperature of the battery cell and a heat diffusion prevention system to prevent heat from spreading to other cells in the event of a fire; (iii) fire detection and suppression technologies such as a fire detection system, an automatic fire extinguishing system, and the installation of a firewall; and (iv) monitoring and control technologies such as monitoring of the battery cell, a remote control system, and battery life prediction.

[0007] Furthermore, there are various standards both domestically and internationally to ensure the safety of ESS. Overseas, there are two main standards: UL 9540A and IEC 62619. UL 9540A evaluates the overall system safety and the ability to prevent fire spread in the event of thermal runaway for ESS in the North American region, while IEC 62619 evaluates the overall system safety and safety requirements for the entire manufacturing process of battery cells, modules, and battery systems for industrial battery systems used worldwide. Domestically, NFSC 607 serves as the fire safety standard. Applicable to all facilities installing ESS, this standard outlines safety criteria regarding installation environments (such as safety distances and firewalls), firefighting facilities (such as sprinklers and fire detectors), operational management (including regular inspections and safety training), and fire response (such as establishing emergency contact networks and fire drills). In short, to install and operate ESS domestically or internationally, the aforementioned standards must be satisfied.

[0008] However, the above standards aim to prevent damage by detecting fires occurring in the ESS and delaying or preventing the spread of the fire, but there is a problem in that even if the above standards are satisfied, there are limitations in predicting the possibility of a fire and taking measures before a fire occurs to prevent it from happening.

[0009] Therefore, improvement measures are required to resolve the aforementioned problems. The problem to be solved

[0010] The present invention aims to solve all of the aforementioned problems.

[0011] In addition, the present invention has another objective of determining a candidate battery cell for thermal runaway by monitoring temperature information obtained through an internal optical fiber for a battery module located inside the battery module, determining whether thermal runaway is in progress by monitoring at least some of the voltage and current values ​​for the candidate battery cell, and preventing a fire caused by thermal runaway by performing a predetermined measure if it is determined that thermal runaway is in progress.

[0012] In addition, the present invention has another objective of enabling the connection and removal of each battery module by hot-swapping through a battery module connection part formed in a rack and including a sliding rail, a connecting member, and a sliding spring, and arranging optical fibers in a parallel optical fiber structure between an input optical signal control unit and an output optical signal control unit connected to each input / output terminal of each battery module, and arranging connections between adjacent parallel optical fiber structures corresponding to each adjacent battery module in a serial structure, thereby enabling the monitoring of the temperature of each of the multiple battery cells included in each of the remaining connected battery modules even if at least some of the battery modules are removed. means of solving the problem

[0013] The characteristic configuration of the present invention for achieving the objectives of the present invention as described above and realizing the characteristic effects of the present invention described below is as follows.

[0014] According to one aspect of the present invention, an Energy Storage System (ESS) container system for preventing fire is disclosed, wherein the ESS container system comprises at least one rack, and each rack comprises at least one battery module and each thermal runaway response unit including a power cutoff unit connected to each of the battery modules and which cuts off power to the battery module when an abnormal condition is detected for the battery module, and each of the battery modules comprises a plurality of battery cells connected in series, an internal optical fiber for the battery module wired to contact each of the plurality of battery cells for a predetermined length, and each case having a power supply terminal for supplying power to each of the plurality of battery cells and an optical fiber supply terminal for providing the internal optical fiber for the battery module to each of the battery modules formed on at least one surface.

[0015] As an example, any one of the above racks includes a first battery module to an nth battery module as at least one battery module, and a kth input optical fiber corresponding to a kth battery module among the first battery module to the nth battery module—where k is an integer greater than or equal to (n-1)—is connected to a kth input optical signal control unit, and the kth input optical fiber is branched into a k_1 branch input optical fiber and a k_2 branch input optical fiber through the kth input optical signal control unit, and the k_1 branch input optical fiber is connected to a k_1 optical fiber providing terminal of the kth battery module, and an internal optical fiber for the kth battery module located inside the kth case of the kth battery module is connected between the k_1 optical fiber providing terminal and the k_2 optical fiber providing terminal, and a kth output optical fiber connected to the k_2 optical fiber providing terminal is connected to a kth output optical signal control unit, and a k_1 branch serial optical fiber including the k_1 branch input optical fiber, the internal optical fiber for the kth battery module, and the kth output optical fiber, and the The k_2 branch input optical fiber is arranged in a k optical fiber parallel structure between the k input optical signal control unit and the k output optical signal control unit, and the k_1 branch serial optical fiber and the k_2 branch input optical fiber are merged through the k output optical signal control unit and input to the (k+1) input optical signal control unit as the (k+1) input optical fiber corresponding to the (k+1) battery module, and the (k+1) input optical fiber is connected to the (k+1) input optical signal control unit, and the (k+1) input optical fiber is branched into the (k+1)_1 branch input optical fiber and the (k+1)_2 branch input optical fiber through the (k+1) input optical signal control unit, and the (k+1)_1 branch input optical fiber is connected to the (k+1)_1 optical fiber supply terminal of the (k+1) battery module.An ESS container system is disclosed, characterized in that an internal optical fiber for a (k+1) battery module located inside the (k+1) case of the (k+1) battery module is connected between the (k+1)_1 optical fiber providing terminal and the (k+1)_2 optical fiber providing terminal, and a (k+1) output optical fiber connected to the (k+1)_2 optical fiber providing terminal is connected to a (k+1) output optical signal control unit, and a (k+1)_1 branch serial optical fiber including the (k+1)_1 branch input optical fiber, the internal optical fiber for the (k+1) battery module, and the (k+1) output optical fiber, and the (k+1)_2 branch input optical fiber are arranged in a (k+1) optical fiber parallel structure between the (k+1) input optical signal control unit and the (k+1) output optical signal control unit, and the k optical fiber parallel structure and the (k+1) optical fiber parallel structure are arranged in a serial structure with respect to each other.

[0016] As an example, the k-th thermal runaway response unit corresponding to the k-th battery module further includes at least some of the k-th module voltage sensor and the k-th module current sensor, and monitors at least some of the k-th battery module voltage information applied to the k-th battery module and the k-th battery module current information flowing through the k-th battery module through at least some of the k-th module voltage sensor and the k-th module current sensor, and the k-th battery module series structure including the k-th battery module and the k-th thermal runaway response unit - the k-th thermal runaway response unit includes at least some of the k-th module voltage sensor and the k-th module current sensor and the k-th power cut-off unit - and the (k+1) battery module and the (k+1) thermal runaway response unit corresponding to the (k+1) battery module - the (k+1) thermal runaway response unit includes at least some of the (k+1) module voltage sensor and the (k+1) module current sensor and the (k+1) power cut-off unit - the (k+1) battery module series structure including An ESS container system characterized by structures being connected in parallel is disclosed.

[0017] As an example, the k-th thermal runaway response unit acquires temperature information for each of a plurality of k-th battery cells in contact with the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module according to light introduced into the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module, and when it is detected that the rate of change of temperature for a specific battery cell among the plurality of k-th battery cells is greater than or equal to a preset threshold rate of change, it monitors at least some of the k-th battery module voltage information and k-th battery module current information through at least some of the k-th module voltage sensor and k-th module current sensor, and when it is detected that the voltage value applied to the k-th battery module exceeds a preset threshold voltage range or that the direction of the current flowing through the k-th battery module has changed, the ESS container system is disclosed in such a way that it cuts off power to the k-th battery module through the k-th power cut-off unit.

[0018] As an example, the k-th battery module further includes at least some of a plurality of k-th voltage sensors and a plurality of k-th current sensors that match each of a plurality of k-th battery cells, and monitors at least some of a plurality of k-th battery cell voltage information applied to each of a plurality of k-th battery cells and a plurality of k-th battery cell current information flowing through each of a plurality of k-th battery cells through at least some of the plurality of k-th voltage sensors and the plurality of k-th current sensors, and the k-th battery module series structure including the k-th battery module and a k-th thermal runaway response unit corresponding to the k-th battery module - the k-th thermal runaway response unit includes a k-th power cut-off unit - and the k-th battery module series structure including the (k+1) battery module and a (k+1) thermal runaway response unit corresponding to the (k+1) battery module - the (k+1) thermal runaway response unit includes a (k+1) power cut-off unit - are connected in parallel to each other.

[0019] As an example, the k-th battery module acquires temperature information for each of a plurality of k-th battery cells in contact with the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module according to light introduced into the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module, and when it is detected that the rate of change of temperature for a specific battery cell among the plurality of k-th battery cells is greater than or equal to a preset threshold rate of change of temperature, it monitors at least some of the voltage information of the plurality of k-th battery cells and the current information of the plurality of k-th battery cells through at least some of the plurality of k-th voltage sensors and the plurality of k-th current sensors; and the k-th thermal runaway response unit, by referring to at least some of the voltage information of the plurality of k-th battery cells and the current information of the plurality of k-th battery cells, detects that the voltage value applied to the specific battery cell exceeds a preset threshold voltage range or that the direction of the current flowing through the specific battery cell has changed, and cuts off power to the k-th battery module through the k-th power cut-off unit, thereby disclosing an ESS container system.

[0020] As an example, the rack further comprises a first battery module coupling part to an n-th battery module coupling part as each of the battery module coupling parts for coupling and detaching each of the first battery module to the n-th battery module, and each of the first battery module coupling part to the n-th battery module coupling part comprises a first sliding rail to an n-th sliding rail for supporting the movement of each of the first battery module to the n-th battery module in conjunction with each of the first case to the n-th case of each of the first battery module to the n-th battery module, and a first_1 coupling member and a first_2 coupling member to an n_1 coupling member and an n_2 coupling member for coupling with each of the first_1 power supply terminal and the first_2 power supply terminal to the n_1 power supply terminal and the n_2 power supply terminal of each of the first battery module to the n-th battery module.In the coupling mode for each of the first battery module to the nth battery module, the length is extended until each of the first_1 power providing terminal, the first_2 power providing terminal, the n_1 power providing terminal, and the n_2 power providing terminal is coupled to each of the first_1 coupling member, the first_2 coupling member, the n_1 coupling member, and the n_2 coupling member, respectively, and in the removal mode for each of the first battery module to the nth battery module, the length is extended until each of the first_1 power providing terminal, the first_2 power providing terminal, the n_1 power providing terminal, and the n_2 power providing terminal is detached from each of the first_1 coupling member, the first_2 coupling member, the n_1 coupling member, and the n_2 coupling member, respectively, and due to elasticity, each of the first battery module to the nth battery module is detached from the first_1 coupling member, the first_2 coupling member, the n_1 coupling member, and the n_2 coupling member, respectively, and the first battery module to the nth battery module is detached from the first sliding rail to the An ESS container system is disclosed, characterized by further including a first sliding spring to a nth sliding spring that supports movement in a direction away from each of the first battery module coupling part to each of the nth battery module coupling part through each of the nth sliding rails.

[0021] As an example, an ESS container system is disclosed, characterized in that, in the coupling mode for the k-th battery module, at least a portion of the light introduced through the k-th input optical fiber travels through the k-th input optical signal control unit to the k-th output optical signal control unit via the k-th_1 branch input optical fiber, the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module, and the k-th output optical fiber, thereby monitoring the temperature of each of the k-th battery cells in contact with the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module, and in the removal mode for the k-th battery module, the light introduced through the k-th input optical fiber travels through the k-th input optical signal control unit to the k-th output optical signal control unit via the k-th_2 branch input optical fiber, thereby monitoring the temperature near the k-th_2 branch input optical fiber.

[0022] As an example, an ESS container system is disclosed, wherein each of the above-mentioned battery modules further includes a cooling plate, and each of the above-mentioned battery modules surrounds each of the above-mentioned cooling plates so as to be in contact with each of the above-mentioned battery cells, and a refrigerant passage is formed within each of the above-mentioned cooling plates for moving a refrigerant, and each of the above-mentioned battery modules further includes a refrigerant supply terminal for providing a refrigerant to the refrigerant passage.

[0023] As an example, an ESS container system is disclosed in which each of the above-described battery modules is characterized by (i) maintaining a state in which each of the above-described battery module's internal optical fibers is in contact with each of the above-described battery cells when each of the above-described battery module's internal optical fibers is located on the upper portion of each of the above-described battery cells, and (ii) maintaining a state in which each of the above-described battery module's internal optical fibers is in contact with each of the above-described battery cells and at least a portion of the battery cooling plate.

[0024] As an example, an ESS container system is disclosed in which each of the above-described battery modules is characterized by (i) maintaining a state in contact with each of the plurality of battery cells when each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module is located on the upper part of each of the plurality of battery cells, and (ii) when each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module is located on the outside of each of the body of each of the plurality of battery cells, each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module is spirally coiled along the length direction of each of the plurality of battery cells for a predetermined length so that each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module maintains a state in contact with each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0025] As an example, an ESS container system is disclosed in which each of the battery modules is configured such that each of the plurality of battery cells is composed of a specific type of battery among a cylindrical battery, a prismatic battery, and a pouch-type battery, and an optical fiber tray is formed on at least one surface of the outside of the body of the prismatic battery and the pouch-type battery to insert or mount an internal optical fiber for the battery module, and when each of the plurality of battery cells corresponds to a specific type of battery cell among the prismatic battery and the pouch-type battery, the internal optical fiber for the battery module is wired through each of the optical fiber trays so that each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module maintains a state in which it is in contact with each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0026] As an example, the ESS container system comprises, on the outside of the rack, (i) an air conditioning unit for maintaining a constant internal temperature of the ESS container; and (ii) a power conversion unit that supports converting AC power supplied from the outside into DC power and supplying it to each of the battery modules in a charging mode for each of the battery modules, and supports converting the DC power discharged from each of the battery modules into AC power and supplying it to a consumer in a discharging mode for each of the battery modules. and (iii) monitor each of the temperature information of each of the plurality of battery cells according to the light introduced into the internal optical fiber for the battery module, and monitor at least some of the voltage information and current information obtained from at least some of the voltage sensors and current sensors linked to each of the battery modules, and determine a specific battery cell among the plurality of battery cells whose temperature change rate is greater than or equal to a preset first threshold temperature change rate as a thermal runaway candidate battery cell, and if it is determined that thermal runaway of the thermal runaway candidate battery module is proceeding by referring to at least some of the thermal runaway candidate module voltage information and thermal runaway candidate module current information applied to the thermal runaway candidate battery module including the thermal runaway candidate battery cell, cut off the power supply to the thermal runaway candidate battery module through a thermal runaway candidate module power cutoff unit connected to the thermal runaway candidate battery module, and if it is determined that the temperature change rate is greater than or equal to a preset second threshold temperature change rate by monitoring the temperature information of the thermal runaway candidate battery cell, perform cooling of the thermal runaway candidate battery module, and then the temperature information of the thermal runaway candidate battery cell An ESS container system is disclosed comprising an Energy Management System (EMS) that monitors and, if it is determined that the rate of change in temperature is greater than or equal to a preset third threshold rate of change in temperature, causes the coupling of the thermal runaway candidate battery module to be released from the rack. Effects of the invention

[0027] The present invention monitors temperature information obtained through an internal optical fiber for a battery module located inside a battery module to determine a candidate battery cell for thermal runaway, monitors at least some of the voltage and current values ​​for the candidate battery cell to determine whether thermal runaway is in progress, and if it is determined that thermal runaway is in progress, performs a predetermined measure to prevent the occurrence of a fire caused by thermal runaway.

[0028] In addition, the present invention enables the connection and removal of each battery module by hot-swapping through a battery module connection part formed in a rack and including a sliding rail, a connecting member, and a sliding spring, and arranges optical fibers in a parallel optical fiber structure between an input optical signal control part and an output optical signal control part connected to each input / output terminal of each battery module, and arranges the connection between adjacent parallel optical fiber structures corresponding to each adjacent battery module in a serial structure, thereby having the effect of enabling the monitoring of the temperature of each of the multiple battery cells included in each of the remaining connected battery modules even if at least some of the battery modules are removed. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0029] The drawings attached below for use in describing embodiments of the present invention are merely some of the embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive work by a person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains (hereinafter "person skilled in the art"). FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an ESS container system for preventing fire according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a coupling structure between a rack and a battery module according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 3a to 3c schematically illustrate the detailed structure of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 4a to 4c schematically illustrate the connection relationships between battery modules according to one embodiment of the present invention. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0030] The following detailed description of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate specific embodiments in which the present invention can be practiced in order to clarify the objects, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable a person skilled in the art to practice the present invention.

[0031] Furthermore, throughout the detailed description and claims of the invention, the word “comprising” and its variations are not intended to exclude other technical features, additions, components, or steps. Other objects, advantages, and characteristics of the invention will become apparent to a person skilled in the art, in part from this description and in part from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings are provided by way of example and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0032] Furthermore, the present invention encompasses all possible combinations of the embodiments set forth in this specification. It should be understood that various embodiments of the present invention are different but need not be mutually exclusive. For example, specific shapes, structures, and characteristics described herein may be implemented in one embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It should also be understood that the location or arrangement of individual components within each disclosed embodiment may be changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the following detailed description is not intended to be limiting, and the scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims, including all equivalents thereof, provided appropriately described. Similar reference numerals in the drawings refer to the same or similar functions across various aspects.

[0033] Hereinafter, in order to enable a person skilled in the art to easily practice the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0034] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a configuration according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Referring to FIG. 1, the ESS container system (1000) may be configured to include an ESS container (100), a rack (200), an air conditioning unit (300), a power conversion unit (400), and an EMS (500), and each component will be described.

[0036] First, the ESS container (100) can be configured to be partially openable through a door (110) formed on the side, so that installation and maintenance of at least one rack (200), air conditioning unit (300), power conversion unit (400) and EMS (500) inside are easy. It may be manufactured in sizes such as 20ft and 40ft according to ISO standard specifications, but may also be customized in various sizes to suit the purpose and installation environment of the ESS container system (1000).

[0037] Next, the rack (200) may include each of the thermal runaway response parts, each comprising a power cutoff part that is connected to each of the first battery module (210_1) to the fifth battery module (210_5) as at least one battery module and cuts off power to the first battery module (210_1) to the fifth battery module (210_5) when an abnormal condition is detected for the first battery module (210_1) to the fifth battery module (210_5). In addition, the rack (200) may further include each of the battery module coupling parts that facilitate the coupling and detachment of each of the first battery module (210_1) to the fifth battery module (210_5), and the thermal runaway response part and the battery module coupling part will be explained in detail later. At this time, although the rack (200) is depicted as having only one rack in FIG. 1, it can be assumed that at least one or more are included inside the ESS container (100). Also, although FIG. 1 only shows five battery modules, from the first battery module (210_1) to the fifth battery module (210_5), as battery modules mounted on one rack (200), this can be generalized to represent the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n).

[0038] Additionally, the air conditioning unit (300) is configured to be located in the space outside the rack (200) within the entire internal space of the ESS container (100) to maintain the internal temperature of the ESS container (100) at a constant level, and, for example, an air conditioner may be used.

[0039] And, the power conversion unit (400) can support the storage of electrical energy (i.e., DC energy) by converting AC power supplied from the outside into DC power through various power generation methods such as new and renewable energy, such as hydropower, wind power, and solar power, thermal energy, and nuclear fusion power generation, in a charging mode for each of the first battery module (210_1) to the fifth battery module (210_5), and supplying it to each of the first battery module (210_1) to the fifth battery module (210_5) through the rack (200); and in a discharging mode for each of the first battery module (210_1) to the fifth battery module (210_5), as each of the first battery module (210_1) to the fifth battery module (210_5) is discharged, the electrical energy stored in each of the first battery module (210_1) to the fifth battery module (210_5) is released, DC power is obtained through the rack (200), and the obtained DC power is converted into AC power and supplied to a consumer. As a configuration, for example, a PCS (Power Conversion System) can be used.

[0040] Additionally, the EMS (500) can acquire various data from at least some of the rack (200), air conditioning unit (300), and power conversion unit (400) through a predetermined communication as an Energy Management System, and can perform control on at least some of the rack (200), air conditioning unit (300), and power conversion unit (400) by referring to the acquired data to prevent fire occurring in the ESS container system (1000).

[0041] I will specifically describe the configuration and operation process for preventing fire in the EMS container system (1000) with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4c.

[0042] FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a coupling structure between a rack and a battery module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Referring to FIG. 2(a), a rack (200) included in an ESS container system (1000) is shown, and it can be seen that a plurality of battery modules (210) are combined in the rack (200), such as a first battery module (210_1) to a fifth battery module (210_5). Additionally, the rack (200) may further include a module coupling part for each of the first battery module (210_1) to the fifth battery module (210_5) for coupling and detaching, and specifically, each module coupling part may be formed on a frame (220). The module coupling part will be explained in detail in FIG. 2(b).

[0044] Figure 2(b) is an enlarged view of area A corresponding to the first battery module (210_1) among the first battery module (210_1) to the fifth battery module (210_5) in Figure 2(a).

[0045] Specifically, the first battery module coupling part (230_1) comprises a first sliding rail (231_1) for supporting the movement of the first battery module (210_1) in conjunction with the first case (211_1) of the first battery module (210_1), a first coupling member (232_1_1) and a first coupling member (232_1_2) for coupling with the first power supply terminal (211_1_1) and the first power supply terminal (211_1_2) of the first battery module (210_1), and in a coupling mode for the first battery module (210_1), the first power supply terminal (211_1_1) and the first power supply terminal (211_1_2) of the first battery module (210_1) are coupled with the first coupling member (232_1_1) and the first It may include a first sliding spring (233_1) that extends in length until it is coupled with a coupling member (232_1_2) and supports the first battery module (210_1) to move away from the first battery module coupling part (230_1) by means of elasticity when the first_1 power supply terminal (211_1_1) and the first_2 power supply terminal (211_1_2) of the first battery module (210_1) are detached from the first_1 coupling member (232_1_1) and the first_2 coupling member (232_1_2) in a removal mode for the first battery module (210_1). Although FIG. 2 only describes the form in which the first_1 power supply terminal (211_1_1) and the first_2 power supply terminal (211_1_2) are combined with the first_1 coupling member (232_1_1) and the first_2 coupling member (232_1_2), if a refrigerant supply terminal is additionally formed in the first battery module (210_1), a refrigerant supply line may be additionally formed in the first battery module coupling part (230_1) so that they are combined, but is not limited thereto.

[0046] That is, generalizing this, each of the first battery module coupling part (230_1) to the nth battery module coupling part (230_n) may include a first sliding rail (231_1) to the nth sliding rail (231_n), a first coupling member (232_1_1) and a first coupling member (232_1_2) to the nth coupling member (232_n_1) and the nth coupling member (232_n_2), and a first sliding spring (233_1) to the nth sliding spring (233_n).

[0047] Generally, each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) has a weight of approximately 50 kg and is equipped with a lithium-ion battery-based battery cell inside, but due to the physicochemical properties of the battery cell, a fire can occur in an instant if thermal runaway occurs.

[0048] Therefore, in the coupling mode for each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n), each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) is placed on each of the first sliding rail (231_1) to the nth sliding rail (231_n) of the rack (200) using heavy equipment rather than manual labor using manpower, and then each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) is moved through the first sliding rail (231_1) to the nth sliding rail (231_n) in the direction in which each of the first sliding spring (233_1) to the nth sliding spring (233_n) extends, thereby connecting the first_1 coupling member (232_1_1), the first_2 coupling member (232_1_2), the n_1 coupling member (232_n_1), and the n_2 It can be connected to the connecting member (232_n_2).

[0049] Additionally, in the removal mode for each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n), each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) is released from each of the first_1 coupling member (232_1_1) and the first_2 coupling member (232_1_2) to the n_1 coupling member (232_n_1) and the n_2 coupling member (232_n_2) by the EMS (500) described in FIG. 1, and each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) moves along the first sliding rail (231_1) to the nth sliding rail (231_n) in a direction that returns to its original state by the elasticity of the first sliding spring (233_1) to the nth sliding spring (233_n), and at a retrievable point, the first battery module (210_1) is removed using heavy equipment Each of the nth battery modules (210_n) can be removed.

[0050] At this time, the detailed structure of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3a to 3c.

[0051] FIGS. 3a to 3c schematically illustrate the detailed structure of a battery module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Referring to FIGS. 3a to 3c, each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) may include a plurality of first battery cells (212_1) to a plurality of nth battery cells (212_n) formed inside each of the first case (211_1) to the nth case (211_n) and an internal optical fiber (213_1) for the first battery module to an internal optical fiber (213_n) for the nth battery module. For reference, in FIGS. 3b and 3c, for convenience of illustration, a plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k), an internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module, and a cooling plate (240_k) formed inside the k-th battery module (210_k) among the first battery module (210_1) to the n-th battery module (210_n) are illustrated, but they can be applied in the same or similar way to each of the first battery module (210_1) to the n-th battery module (210_n).

[0053] First, on at least one surface of each of the first case (211_1) to the nth case (211_n), there are: (i) a first_1 power supply terminal (211_1_1) and a first_2 power supply terminal (211_1_2) to an n_1 power supply terminal (211_n_1) and an n_2 power supply terminal (211_n_2) for supplying power to each of a plurality of first battery cells (212_1) to a plurality of nth battery cells (212_n); and (ii) a first_1 optical fiber supply terminal (211_1_3) and a first_2 optical fiber supply terminal (211_1_4) to an n_1 optical fiber supply terminal for providing an internal optical fiber (213_1) for a first battery module to an internal optical fiber (213_n) for an nth battery module inside each of the first case (211_1) to the nth case (211_n). A terminal (211_n_3) and a terminal (211_n_4) for providing an n_2 optical fiber may be formed. Meanwhile, a terminal (211_1_5) for providing a first refrigerant and a terminal (211_2) for providing a first refrigerant and a terminal (211_1_6) for providing a first refrigerant and a terminal (211_n_5) for providing an n_2 refrigerant may be formed on at least one surface of each of the first case (211_1) to the n_2 case (211_n), and a terminal (211_n_6) for providing a refrigerant inside each of the first case (211_1) to the n_2 case (211_n). This will be described later in FIG. 3c.

[0054] For example, each of the first case (211_1) to the nth case (211_n) may have a first_1 power supply terminal (211_1_1), a first_2 power supply terminal (211_1_2), an n_1 power supply terminal (211_n_1), and an n_2 power supply terminal (211_n_2), and a first_1 optical fiber supply terminal (211_1_3), a first_2 optical fiber supply terminal (211_1_4), an n_1 optical fiber supply terminal (211_n_3), and an n_2 optical fiber supply terminal (211_n_4) formed on one surface to easily connect each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) to a rack, but is not limited thereto, and each terminal may be formed on a different surface.

[0055] Additionally, referring to FIG. 3b, for the convenience of the city, the electrical wiring connection between multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) has been omitted, but they can be arranged in a connected state. This is because, in conventional ESS container systems, each battery module installed had a low voltage of approximately 50V, and about 20 battery modules were connected in series to create a voltage of 1000V for operation. However, when a specific battery module with an abnormal condition detected was removed, the operation of all remaining battery modules ceased. To address this, the present invention improves upon this by connecting and arranging multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) in series inside the k-th battery module (210_k), thereby enabling the k-th battery module (210_k) alone to have a high voltage of approximately 1000V. For instance, even if the k-th battery module (210_k) is removed because an abnormal condition is detected in at least some of the multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) within the k-th battery module (210_k), the remaining battery modules among the first battery module (210_1) to the n-th battery module (210_n), excluding the k-th battery module (210_k), can operate normally. In this case, although the reference number (212_k) in FIGS. 3b and FIGS. 3c is depicted as referring to only one battery cell, it should be understood as referring to all of the multiple battery cells included in the k-th case (211_k).

[0056] In addition, the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module is wired to contact each of the k-th battery cells (212_k) for a predetermined length, and the temperature of the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module can be accurately measured in sections (i.e., in units of resolution distance) through the light transmitted along the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module. For example, let x be the total length of the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module included in the k-th battery module (210_k), and let x_1 to x_100 be the lengths at which the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module contacts each of the 100 k-th battery cells (212_k). Each of x_1 to x_100 may have a length greater than or equal to the resolution distance unit. If an abnormal rise in temperature is detected at x_t, which is any one of x_1 to x_100, the location corresponding to x_t can be detected, and the specific battery cell corresponding to x_t can be determined to be a candidate battery cell for thermal runaway. At this time, the standard for the resolution unit distance and the mechanism for determining the location corresponding to x_t will be described later in FIG. 4a.

[0057] Conventionally, the temperature of each battery cell was measured through a chip mounted in conjunction with each battery cell. However, in this case, additional configurations such as a power line for supplying power to the chip and a communication module for the chip to communicate with the outside had to be added, which reduced the number of battery cells that could be mounted inside the battery module. Furthermore, there was a problem with low accuracy due to a large variation in the measured temperature value depending on where the chip was mounted within the battery cell. In contrast, the method of measuring the temperature of multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) using an internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module in the present invention allows for more efficient use of the internal space of the k-th battery module (210_k). Additionally, as long as a distance greater than the resolution is secured, the relative temperature difference between each battery cell can be accurately measured, making it easy to identify a specific battery cell in which an abnormal state is detected by monitoring the rate of change of temperature for each battery cell.

[0058] Meanwhile, two embodiments regarding the internal structure of the k-th battery module (210_k) among the first battery module (210_1) to the n-th battery module (210_n) will be described with reference to FIG. 3b and FIG. 3c, respectively.

[0059] For reference, FIG. 3b and FIG. 3c can be seen as differences in embodiments depending on whether the k-th cooling plate (240_k) is mounted inside the k-th battery module (210_k), and the wiring shape of the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module may vary depending on the battery type of the plurality of first battery cells (212_k) and whether the k-th cooling plate (240_k) is mounted.

[0060] For example, referring to FIG. 3b, there is an embodiment in which the k-th cooling plate (240_k) is not mounted inside the k-th battery module (210_k). Specifically, a plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k) can be composed of a cylindrical battery, a prismatic battery, or a pouch-type battery. (a) is shown as a case where the plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k) are cylindrical batteries, (b) as a case where the plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k) are prismatic batteries, and (c) as a case where the plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k) are pouch-type batteries.

[0061] For example, when the k-th cooling plate (240_k) is not mounted inside the k-th battery module (210_k), (i) the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module may be positioned above a plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k) for a predetermined length greater than the resolution so that the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module may be maintained in contact with a plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k), or (ii) the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module may be spirally formed along the length direction of a plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k) for a predetermined length greater than the resolution outside the body of a plurality of first battery cells (212_k) so that the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module may be maintained in contact with a plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k).

[0062] However, referring to (d) of FIG. 3b, the k-1 type optical fiber tray (214_k_1) and the second type optical fiber tray (214_k_2) may be formed as a k-th optical fiber tray capable of inserting or mounting an internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module on at least one surface of the outer body of the prismatic battery and pouch-type battery. Specifically, the first type optical fiber tray (214_k_1) may have a mounting groove shape formed by a predetermined depth inwardly from at least a portion of the outer body surface of the battery cell, and the second type optical fiber tray (214_k_2) may have a through hole shape formed by moving a predetermined depth inwardly from the outer body surface of the battery cell and penetrating both ends in the longitudinal direction of the battery cell.

[0063] Therefore, if multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) correspond to a specific type of battery cell among a prismatic battery and a pouch-type battery, the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module may be wired to be mounted on a first-type optical fiber tray (214_k_1) as in (d) so that the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module may be kept in contact with multiple k-th battery cells (212_k), or the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module may be wired to pass through a k_2-type optical fiber tray (214_k_2) so that the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module may be kept in contact with multiple k-th battery cells (212_k).

[0064] As another example, referring to FIG. 3c, there is an embodiment in which a k-th cooling plate (240_k) is mounted inside a k-th battery module (210_k). Specifically, the k-th cooling plate (240_k) surrounds a plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k) inside a k-th case (211_k) to come into contact with them. A k-th refrigerant passage (241_k) is formed inside the k-th cooling plate (240_k) through which a refrigerant can move. As the refrigerant moves through the k-th refrigerant passage (241_k), it lowers the temperature of the plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k), thereby slowing down the progression of thermal runaway in a specific battery cell where an abnormal condition is detected. In addition, an internal refrigerant pipe (215_k) for the k-th battery module may be positioned inside the k-th battery module (210_k) to be connected to the k-th refrigerant supply terminal (211_k_5) and the k-th refrigerant supply terminal (211_k_6) described in FIG. 3a. Furthermore, a plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k) may be composed of a cylindrical battery, a prismatic battery, or a pouch-type battery; however, since pouch-type batteries typically increase cooling efficiency by applying thermal resin to the battery case, it may be considered not to use pouch-type batteries in an embodiment in which the k-th cooling plate (240_k) is mounted inside the k-th battery module (210_k).

[0065] At this time, Figure 3c (a) is illustrated as a case where multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) are circular batteries, and (b) is illustrated as a case where multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) are rectangular batteries.

[0066] For example, when the k-th cooling plate (240_k) is mounted inside the k-th battery module (210_k), (i) the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module may be positioned above a plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k) for a predetermined length greater than the resolution so that the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module remains in contact with a plurality of first battery cells (212_k), or (ii) the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module may be positioned between a plurality of first battery cells (212_k) for a predetermined length greater than the resolution so that the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module remains in contact with at least some of the plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k) and the k-th cooling plate (240_k).

[0067] Here, the k-th cooling plate (240_k) may have a predetermined insulating material coated on the contact surface that contacts the k-th battery cells (212_k), in order to prevent electrical failures that may occur when the plate comes into contact with the exterior of the bodies of the k-th battery cells (212_k) made of metal material. Additionally, since the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module has characteristics such as a non-conductor / insulator, in the cases of (i) and (ii), there may be no problem in measuring the temperature even if the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module comes into contact with the k-th cooling plate (240_k).

[0068] So, with each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) configured in this way, when each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) is connected to the rack (200) described in FIG. 2 so that it can operate on the ESS container system (1000), the connection relationship between each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) will be explained with reference to FIG. 4a to 4c.

[0069] FIGS. 4a to 4c schematically illustrate a connection structure between battery modules according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] For reference, FIG. 4a illustrates the optical fiber connection structure between the k-th battery module (210_k) and the (k+1)-th battery module (210_(k+1)) among the first battery module (210_1) to the n-th battery module (210_n), FIG. 4b illustrates the power connection structure between the k-th battery module (210_k) and the (k+1)-th battery module (210_(k+1)), and FIG. 4c illustrates the refrigerant connection structure between the k-th battery module (210_k) and the (k+1)-th battery module (210_(k+1)).

[0071] First, referring to FIG. 4a, a light source unit (251) and a light analysis unit (252) may be configured, and an EMS (500) may be configured to monitor the light analysis unit (252). Additionally, the k-th input optical fiber (253_k) corresponding to the k-th battery module (210_k) among the first battery module (210_1) to the n-th battery module (210_n) may be connected to the light source unit (251) and the k-th input optical signal control unit (254_k), respectively, and the k-th input optical fiber (253_k) may be branched into the k-th branch input optical fiber (255_k_1) and the k-th branch input optical fiber (255_k_2) through the k-th input optical signal control unit (254_k). At this time, the meaning that it is branched into the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1) and the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_2) describes a structure in which the k_1 branch input optical fiber (253_k) is divided and arranged into the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1) and the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_2) through the k_1 input optical signal control unit (254_k), and does not necessarily mean that light is divided and travels to each of the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1) and the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_2). That is, depending on the state of the k_1 input optical signal control unit (254_k), light may travel only through either the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1) or the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_2). For reference, k may be an integer greater than or equal to (n-1), but is not limited thereto. Additionally, the lengths of the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1) and the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_2) may be the same, but they may also have different lengths.

[0072] That is, the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1) battery module, each illustrated in FIG. 4a, are directly or indirectly connected to a light source unit (251) located outside the k-th battery module (210_k) and the (k+1) battery module (210_(k+1)), respectively, and the light source unit (251) is configured to be connected to a light analysis unit (252), so that light (e.g., laser light) is injected from the light source unit (251) into the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module to penetrate to the internal optical fiber (213_(k_1)) for the (k+1) battery module, and the light analysis unit (252) analyzes the backscattered light that returns to the starting end after the injected light is scattered, thereby [connecting] the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber for the (k+1) battery module It is used as an optical fiber temperature sensor to measure the distributed temperature along the length direction of each optical fiber (213_(k+1)). For reference, in FIG. 4a, only the k-th battery module (210_k) and the (k+1)-th battery module (210_(k+1)) are described, but the same or similar application may be possible for the remaining battery modules. For reference, in FIG. 4a, the meaning of the three points located on the line between the light source unit (251) and the k-th input optical fiber (253_k) may indicate that the light scanned from the light source unit (251) passes through the internal optical fiber for the first battery module contained within the first battery module and the internal optical fiber for the (k-1)-th battery module contained within the (k-1)-th battery module in sequence, and then the light travels through the k-th input optical fiber (253_k).

[0073] More specifically, the fiber optic temperature sensor is configured as a DTS system, and in this case, the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1)-th battery module can each be installed so as to make contact with each battery cell at intervals of 0.5 to 1 m. The fiber optic temperature sensor has an FBG method and a DTS method. Since the FBG method allows for local temperature measurement down to a minimum of 1 mm depending on the length of the grid engraved on each of the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1)-th battery module, the FBG method may be structurally advantageous for individually monitoring the temperature of multiple k-th battery cells and multiple k+1-th battery cells that are densely packed in a narrow space. In addition, the FBG method is advantageous in that it allows temperature detection even with short optical fibers because the resolution is short, so it does not significantly increase the weight of the k-th battery module (210_k) and the (k+1)-th battery module (210_(k+1)). Therefore, the optical fiber temperature sensor in the present invention may also apply the FBG method.

[0074] The DTS (Distributed Temperature Sensing) system continuously measures the temperature along the length of each of the internal optical fibers (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the k-th battery module using techniques such as Raman or Brillouin scattering. The detection distance of a typical DTS system is about 1m, and in the case of a high-resolution DTS system that moves 1m every 3.3ns using a pulse width of 1.65ns, it has a spatial resolution of 0.5m. Therefore, in order to individually detect the temperature of each of the k-th battery cell and each of the k+1st battery cell using each of the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1) battery module, each of the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1) battery module must be installed such that each of the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1) battery module contacts each of the k-th battery cell and each of the k+1st battery cell with a length of at least 0.5 m (high-resolution DTS system) or 1 m (general DTS system) as a unit of resolution distance. The resolution distance unit of each of the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1)-th battery module is 0.If the distance is less than 5m, it becomes difficult or inaccurate to monitor the temperature of each of the multiple k-th battery cells and multiple (k+1)-th battery cells (212_(k+1)). If the resolution distance unit of each of the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1)-th battery module is 1m or more, there is no problem with temperature detection, but it is difficult to install each of the long internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1)-th battery module individually in each of the k-th battery module (210_k) and the (k+1)-th battery module (210_(k+1)), and there is a problem of increasing the weight of each of the k-th battery module (210_k) and the (k+1)-th battery module (210_(k+1)). Here, 'resolution distance unit' refers to the contact length between each battery cell of the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1)-th battery module, which are wired to monitor a single battery cell; and, considering a single battery cell as a representative example, it refers to the distance from the starting point to the end point of the section in contact with the internal optical fiber for the corresponding battery module.

[0075] Although some technology for monitoring the temperature of a battery cell using an optical fiber has been disclosed in the past, such as Korean Registered Patent No. 10-2270042 (prior art), the aforementioned prior art is configured such that the spacing between each battery cell is a predetermined interval to resolve the limitations of the temperature resolution of each of the internal optical fibers (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1) battery module of the present invention, and such that one battery is in contact per resolution distance unit (length capable of temperature resolution) of each of the internal optical fibers (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1) battery module. Therefore, the aforementioned prior art was not only difficult to apply to the k-th battery module (210_k) and the (k+1)-th battery module (210_(k+1)) of the present invention, in which each battery cell is densely arranged, but also had the problem that the required length of the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module and the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1)-th battery module could not be reduced and the resolution limit could not be overcome, because optical fibers measure the average temperature in units of resolution distance with minimum resolution.

[0076] Meanwhile, the k-th input optical signal control unit (254_k) is configured to support transmission to at least one of the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1) and the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_2) depending on whether a coupling mode or a removal mode is performed for the k-th battery module (210_k) as the light (e.g., laser light) generated by the light source unit (251) proceeds. It may be configured as either an optical switching device or an optical splitting device. When an optical switching device is used as the k-th input optical signal control unit (254_k), in the coupling mode for the k-th battery module (210_k), the light may be introduced into the k-th battery module (210_k) through the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1), and in the removal mode for the k-th battery module (210_k), the light may be supported to proceed to the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_2). When an optical splitter is used as the k-th input optical signal control unit (254_k), in the coupling mode for the k-th battery module (210_k), the light is directed to move to the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1) at a high ratio compared to the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1) so that it is introduced into the k-th battery module (210_k), and in the removal mode for the k-th battery module (210_k), since the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1) does not exist, the ratio of the light moving to the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1) is set to '0' so that it is supported to move only to the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_2).

[0077] Additionally, the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1) is connected to the k_1 optical fiber providing terminal (211_k_3) of the k battery module (210_k), and the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k battery module located inside the k case (211_k) of the k battery module (210_k) is connected between the k_1 optical fiber providing terminal (211_k_3) and the k_2 optical fiber providing terminal (211_k_4), and the k output optical fiber (256_k) connected to the k_2 optical fiber providing terminal (211_k_4) can be connected to the k output optical signal control unit (257_k). Furthermore, the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_2) can be connected to the k output optical signal control unit (257_k). For example, the k-th output optical signal control unit (257_k) can be configured as either an optical switching device or an optical splitting device, just like the k-th input optical signal control unit (254_k).

[0078] That is, when all optical fibers linked to the k-th battery module (210_k) are connected, it can be seen that the k_1 branch serial optical fiber, including the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1), the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module, and the k-th output optical fiber (256_k), and the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_2) are arranged in a k-th optical fiber parallel structure between the k-th input optical signal control unit (254_k) and the k-th output optical signal control unit (257_k).

[0079] Additionally, the k_1 branch serial optical fiber and the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_2) can be merged through the k output optical signal control unit (257_k) and input to the (k+1) input optical signal control unit (254_(k+1)) as the (k+1) input optical fiber (253_(k+1)) corresponding to the (k+1) battery module (210_(k+1)). For example, the (k+1) output optical signal control unit (254_(k+1)) can be configured as either an optical switching device or an optical splitting device, just like the k input optical signal control unit (254_k).

[0080] Meanwhile, an optical fiber connection structure can be formed for the (k+1) battery module (210_(k+1)) in the same or similar form as the k-th battery module (210_k), wherein the (k+1) input optical fiber (253_(k+1)) is branched into the (k+1)_1 branch input optical fiber (255_(k+1)_1) and the (k+1)_2 branch input optical fiber (255_(k+1)_2) through the (k+1) input optical signal control unit (254_(k+1)), and the (k+1)_1 branch input optical fiber (255_(k+1)_1) is connected to the (k+1)_1 optical fiber providing terminal (211_(k+1)_3) of the (k+1) battery module (210_(k+1)), and the (k+1) battery module (210_(k+1)) An internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for a (k+1) battery module located inside the (k+1) case (211_(k+1)) is connected between the (k+1)_1 optical fiber providing terminal (211_(k+1)_3) and the (k+1)_2 optical fiber providing terminal (211_(k+1)_4), and the (k+1) output optical fiber (256_(k+1)) connected to the (k+1)_2 optical fiber providing terminal (211_(k+1)_4) can be connected to the (k+1) output optical signal control unit (257_(k+1)). Additionally, the (k+1)_2 branch input optical fiber (255_(k+1)_2) can be connected to the (k+1) output optical signal control unit (257_(k+1)). For example, the (k+1) output optical signal control unit (257_(k+1)) can be configured as either an optical switching device or an optical splitting device, just like the (k+1) input optical signal control unit (254_(k+1)).

[0081] That is, when all optical fibers linked to the (k+1) battery module (210_(k+1)) are connected, the (k+1)_1 branch serial optical fiber, including the (k+1)_1 branch input optical fiber (255_(k+1)_1), the (k+1) battery module internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)), and the (k+1) output optical fiber (256_(k+1)), and the (k+1)_2 branch input optical fiber (255_(k+1)_2) can be arranged in a (k+1) optical fiber parallel structure between the (k+1) input optical signal control unit (254_(k+1)) and the (k+1) output optical signal control unit (257_(k+1)), and it can be seen that the k optical fiber parallel structure and the (k+1) optical fiber parallel structure are connected in series with each other. In this case, the k-th fiber parallel structure and the (k+1)-th fiber parallel structure may each have the same parallel structure.

[0082] In this way, when the k-th optical fiber parallel structure and the (k+1)-th optical fiber parallel structure are configured to be connected in series with each other, in the coupling mode for the k-th battery module (210_k), at least a portion of the light introduced through the k-th input optical fiber (253_k) travels through the k-th input optical signal control unit (254_k) to the k-th output optical signal control unit (257_k) via the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1), the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module (213_k), and the k-th output optical fiber (256_k), thereby enabling monitoring of the temperature of each of the multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) in contact with the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module (213_k), and subsequently, by allowing the light to proceed to the (k+1)-th input optical fiber (253_(k+1)), the multiple k-th batteries in contact with the internal optical fiber for the (k+1) battery module (213_(k+1)) The temperature of each cell (212_(k+1)) can be monitored. At this time, if the k-th input optical signal control unit (254_k) is an optical switching device, the light can be made to proceed entirely to the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1), and if the k-th input optical signal control unit (254_k) is an optical splitting device, the light can be divided into a first part light with a high proportion and a second part light with a low proportion, so that the first part light proceeds to the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1) and at the same time the second part light proceeds to the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_2).

[0083] On the other hand, as shown in (b) of FIG. 4a, in the removal mode for the k-th battery module (210_k), light introduced through the k-th input optical fiber (253_k) travels through the k-th input optical signal control unit (254_k) to the k-th output optical signal control unit (257_k), passing through the k-th branch input optical fiber (255_k_2), and the temperature near the k-th branch input optical fiber (255_k_2) can be monitored, and then the light is allowed to proceed to the (k+1) input optical fiber (253_(k+1)), thereby enabling the temperature of each of the multiple (k+1) battery cells (212_(k+1)) in contact with the internal optical fiber (213_(k+1)) for the (k+1) battery module to be monitored. At this time, since the k-th battery module (210_k) is removed and the k_1 branch serial optical fiber, which includes the k_1 branch input optical fiber (255_k_1), the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module, and the k-th output optical fiber (256_k), does not exist, the k-th input optical signal control unit (254_k) can be made to allow all the light to proceed to the k_2 branch input optical fiber (255_k_2), regardless of whether it is an optical switching device or an optical splitting device.

[0084] Next, referring to FIG. 4b, the k-th thermal runaway response unit (260_k) corresponding to the k-th battery module (210_k) is installed in a rack (200) as described in FIG. 1 and may include a k-th power cutoff unit (261_k).

[0085] For example, the k-th thermal runaway response unit (260_k) further includes at least some of the k-th module voltage sensor (262_k) and the k-th module current sensor (263_k) in addition to the k-th power cutoff unit (261_k), and can monitor at least some of the k-th battery module voltage information applied to the k-th battery module (210_k) and the k-th battery module current information flowing through the k-th battery module (210_k) through at least some of the k-th module voltage sensor (262_k) and the k-th module current sensor (263_k). For example, at least some of the k-th power cutoff unit (261_k), k-th module voltage sensor (262_k), and k-th module current sensor (263_k) constituting the k-th thermal runaway response unit (260_k) may be implemented as chips to perform a process of preventing fire in the ESS container system (1000) through a predetermined communication with the EMS (500) described in FIG. 1. Generalizing this, each of the first thermal runaway response unit (260_1) to the nth thermal runaway response unit (260_n) corresponding to each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) may be configured to further include at least some of the first module voltage sensor (262_1) and the first module current sensor (263_1) and at least some of the nth module voltage sensor (262_n) and the nth module current sensor (263_n), in addition to the first power cutoff unit (261_1) to the nth power cutoff unit (261_n). In this case, k may be an integer greater than or equal to (n-1) as described in FIG. 4a, but is not limited thereto.

[0086] In this way, when each of the first thermal runaway response unit (260_1) to the nth thermal runaway response unit (260_n) is configured, it can be confirmed that the k-th battery module series structure including the k-th battery module (210_k) and the k-th thermal runaway response unit (260_k) and the k-th battery module series structure including the (k+1) battery module (210_(k+1)) and the (k+1) thermal runaway response unit (260_(k+1)) are connected in parallel with each other. Additionally, a DC power supply (410) supplied by the power conversion unit (400) described in FIG. 1 during charging of each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) may be connected to the exterior of each of the first thermal runaway response unit (260_1) to the nth thermal runaway response unit (260_n), and at least a portion of the first module voltage sensor (262_1) and the first module current sensor (263_1) to at least a portion of the nth module voltage sensor (262_n) and the nth module current sensor (263_n) may be connected to each of the first_1 power supply terminal (211_1_1) of the first battery module (210_1) to the n_1 power supply terminal (211_n_1) of the nth battery module (210_n), and the first_2 power supply of the first battery module (210_1) Each of the n_2 power supply terminals (211_n_2) of the terminals (211_1_2) to the nth battery module (210_n) may be connected to a lightning arrester (264) to electrically protect each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n).

[0087] That is, the k-th thermal runaway response unit (260_k) can monitor at least some of the k-th battery module voltage information and k-th battery module current information through at least some of the k-th module voltage sensor (262_k) and k-th module current sensor (263_k) when temperature information of each of the multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) in contact with the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module is acquired according to the light introduced into the internal optical fiber (213_k) for the k-th battery module, and when the temperature change rate of a specific battery cell among the multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) is detected to be greater than or equal to a preset threshold temperature change rate. Specifically, temperature information of each of the k-th battery cells (212_k) measured by the optical analysis unit (252) shown in FIG. 4a is transmitted to the EMS (500), and when the rate of change of temperature for a specific battery cell is detected to be greater than or equal to a preset threshold rate of change of temperature, the EMS (500) may support the k-th thermal runaway response unit (260_k) to monitor at least some of the k-th battery module voltage information and k-th battery module current information through at least some of the k-th module voltage sensor (262_k) and k-th module current sensor (263_k). Furthermore, the k-th thermal runaway response unit (260_k) may cut off power to the k-th battery module (210_k) through the k-th power cutoff unit (261_k) when it is detected that the voltage value applied to the k-th battery module (210_k) exceeds a preset threshold voltage range or that the direction of the current flowing through the k-th battery module (210_k) has changed.

[0088] Generally, it is known that in a battery cell undergoing thermal runaway, the rate of temperature change is greater and the voltage fluctuation range is larger compared to a normal battery cell, and the current may change as the voltage changes. For example, a problem may occur where charging is performed due to the relative difference with other battery modules, even though the k-th battery module (210_k) should be discharging.

[0089] Therefore, in the present invention, when a specific battery cell in the k-th battery module (210_k) is detected to have a preset threshold temperature change rate based on the temperature change rate of each battery cell and is primarily determined as a candidate cell for thermal runaway, at least some of the voltage information of the k-th battery module and the current information of the k-th battery module are monitored through at least some of the voltage sensor (262_k) and the current sensor (263_k) of the k-th module, and at the point when it is finally determined that the candidate cell for thermal runaway is undergoing thermal runaway, power is cut off to the k-th battery module (210_k) through the k-th power cutoff unit (261_k) to prevent it from leading to a fire.

[0090] Meanwhile, as another example, although not illustrated in FIG. 4b, the k-th thermal runaway response unit (260_k) may include a k-th power cut-off unit (261_k), and the k-th battery module (210_k) may further include at least some of a plurality of k-th voltage sensors and a plurality of k-th current sensors that match each of a plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k) included therein, and through at least some of the plurality of k-th voltage sensors and k-th current sensors, each of the plurality of k-th battery cell voltage information applied to each of the plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k) and at least some of the plurality of k-th battery cell current information flowing through each of the plurality of k-th battery cells (212_k) can be monitored. For reference, the multiple k-th voltage sensors and multiple k-th current sensors corresponding to each of the multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) may include the meaning that the number of the multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) and at least some of the multiple k-th voltage sensors and multiple k-th current sensors may be matched such that the number of the multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) is greater or less than the number of at least some of the multiple k-th voltage sensors and multiple k-th current sensors. At this time, at least some of the multiple k-th voltage sensors and multiple k-th current sensors included in the k-th battery module (210_k) may be implemented as chips to perform a process of preventing fire in the ESS container system (1000) through a predetermined communication with the EMS (500). Generalizing this, each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) may be configured to further include at least some of the plurality of first voltage sensors and the plurality of first current sensors, or at least some of the plurality of nth voltage sensors and the plurality of nth current sensors.

[0091] Additionally, a series structure of the k-th battery module including the k-th thermal runaway response unit (260_k) and the k-th battery module (210_k) and a series structure of the (k+1)-th battery module including the (k+1)-th thermal runaway response unit (260_(k+1)) and the (k+1)-th battery module may be connected in parallel with each other. Furthermore, since the configurations added in conjunction with the first battery module (210_1) to the n-th battery module (210_n) may be included in the same or similar manner as the first embodiment described above (i.e., an embodiment in which at least some of the k-th module voltage sensor (262_k) and the k-th module current sensor (263_k) are included in the k-th thermal runaway response unit (260_k)), a repetitive description will be omitted.

[0092] Therefore, the process of monitoring the temperature of each of the multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) proceeds in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the only difference is that in the first embodiment, at least some of the voltage and current at the module level are acquired while at least some of the multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) are detected to determine whether thermal runaway is in progress for the candidate battery cells, whereas in the second embodiment, at least some of the voltage and current for each of the multiple k-th battery cells (212_k) are acquired while at least some of the candidate battery cells are detected to determine whether thermal runaway is in progress for the candidate battery cells.

[0093] Finally, referring to FIG. 4c, the rack (200) described in FIG. 1 further comprises a k-th refrigerant inlet pipe (271_k) and a (k+1)-th refrigerant inlet pipe (271_(k+1)), respectively, for supplying refrigerant cooled from an external refrigerant cooling device (600) to the k-th battery module (210_k) and the (k+1)-th battery module (210_(k+1)), respectively, wherein each of the k-th refrigerant inlet pipe (271_k) and the (k+1)-th refrigerant inlet pipe (271_(k+1)) has a k_1 refrigerant supply terminal (211_k_5) and a (k+1)-1 refrigerant supply terminal for the k-th battery module (210_k) and the (k+1)-th battery module (210_(k+1)), respectively. Each terminal (211_(k+1)_5) can be connected. Then, the refrigerant moves along the k-th cooling plate and the (k+1) cooling plate mounted inside the k-th battery module (210_k) and the (k+1)-th battery module (210_k+1) respectively through the k-th refrigerant supply terminal (211_k_5) and the (k+1)-th refrigerant supply terminal (211_(k+1)_5), thereby lowering the temperature of each of the k-th battery cells and the (k+1)-th battery cells, and the refrigerant that has completed cooling is discharged to the k-th refrigerant supply terminal (211_k_6) and the (k+1)-th refrigerant supply terminal (211_(k+1)_6) respectively, and the k-th refrigerant discharge pipe (272_k) connected to the k-th refrigerant supply terminal (211_k_6) and the (k+1)-th refrigerant supply terminal (211_(k+1)_6) respectively and The refrigerant can be configured to circulate by moving the refrigerant that has completed cooling through each of the (k+1) refrigerant inlet pipes (272_(k+1)) to the refrigerant cooling device (600).This refrigerant circulation structure can basically cool each of the multiple k-th battery cells and the multiple (k+1)-th battery cells when each of the multiple k-th battery cells and the multiple (k+1)-th battery cells performs charging or discharging. For example, if the temperature of the multiple k-th battery cells continues to rise even after the power supplied to the k-th battery module (210_k) is cut off as a result of the process in FIG. 4b, the amount of refrigerant introduced can be further increased to accelerate cooling, thereby preventing further temperature rise.

[0094] The process for preventing fires occurring in the ESS container system (1000) configured in this way is described as follows. For reference, the following description will be generalized to the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n).

[0095] First, when each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) is coupled to the rack (200) through the coupling mode for each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) described in FIG. 2, the temperature information of each of the plurality of first battery cells (212_1) to the plurality of nth battery cells (212_n) is monitored according to the light introduced into the internal optical fiber (213_1) for the first battery module to the internal optical fiber (213_n) for the nth battery module as described in FIG. 4a, and at least some of the voltage information and current information obtained from each of the voltage sensor and current sensor linked to each of the first battery module (210_1) to the nth battery module (210_n) can be monitored.

[0096] Then, the EMS (500) can determine a specific battery cell among the plurality of first battery cells (212_1) to the plurality of nth battery cells (212_n) whose temperature change rate is greater than or equal to a preset first threshold temperature change rate as a thermal runaway candidate battery cell by referring to the temperature information of each of the plurality of first battery cells (212_1) to the plurality of nth battery cells (212_n), and by referring to at least some of the thermal runaway candidate module voltage information and thermal runaway candidate module current information applied to the thermal runaway candidate battery module including the thermal runaway candidate battery cell, if the thermal runaway candidate module voltage information exceeds a preset threshold voltage range or if the thermal runaway candidate module current information is detected as having a changed direction of current when compared with other battery modules, it can determine that the thermal runaway of the thermal runaway candidate battery module is in progress (e.g., corresponding to thermal runaway stage 1).

[0097] And, the EMS (500) can cut off the power supply to the thermal runaway candidate battery module through the thermal runaway candidate module power cutoff unit connected to the thermal runaway candidate battery module (i.e., by cutting off the power supply at the first stage of thermal runaway, it enables predictive preservation of fire at a much faster stage compared to conventional technology), and after the power supply to the thermal runaway candidate battery module is cut off, the temperature information of the thermal runaway candidate battery cell is monitored and if it is determined that the rate of temperature change is greater than or equal to a preset second threshold rate of temperature change, the amount of refrigerant supplied to the thermal runaway candidate battery module is increased as described in FIG. 4c so that the temperature of the thermal runaway candidate battery cell is cooled more quickly.

[0098] Subsequently, if the EMS (500) further monitors the temperature information of the thermal runaway candidate battery cell and determines that the rate of change in temperature is greater than or equal to a preset third threshold rate of change in temperature, it can no longer prevent the thermal runaway of the thermal runaway candidate battery module from proceeding. Therefore, before it leads to a major fire, the EMS proceeds with the removal mode for the thermal runaway candidate battery module as described in FIG. 2 to release the connection of the thermal runaway candidate battery module from the rack (200), and supports the discharge of the thermal runaway candidate battery module to the outside using heavy equipment such as a forklift, thereby preventing damage caused by fire on the ESS container system (1000). For reference, the first threshold rate of change to the third threshold rate of change in temperature may each be the same rate of change in temperature, but may also have different rates of change in temperature.

[0099] Although the present invention has been described above with specific details such as specific components, limited embodiments, and drawings, this is provided only to aid in a more comprehensive understanding of the invention, and the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and a person skilled in the art to which the invention belongs can make various modifications and variations from this description.

[0100] Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the embodiments described above, and all modifications equivalent to or equivalent to the claims set forth below, as well as the claims described below, shall be considered to fall within the scope of the concept of the present invention.

Claims

Claim 1 In an Energy Storage System (ESS) container system for preventing fire, the ESS container system comprises at least one rack, and each rack comprises at least one battery module and a thermal runaway response unit each comprising a power cutoff unit connected to each of the battery modules and which cuts off power to the battery module when an abnormal condition is detected for the battery module; each of the battery modules comprises a plurality of battery cells connected in series, an internal optical fiber for the battery module wired to contact each of the plurality of battery cells for a predetermined length, and each case having a power supply terminal for supplying power to each of the plurality of battery cells and an optical fiber supply terminal for providing the internal optical fiber for the battery module to the interior of each of the battery modules formed on at least one surface, wherein any one of the racks comprises a first battery module to an nth battery module as the at least one battery module, and a kth input optical fiber corresponding to the kth battery module among the first battery module to the nth battery module—where k is an integer greater than or equal to (n-1)—is connected to a kth input optical signal control unit, and the kth input optical fiber is the The k-th input optical signal control unit is branched into the k_1 branch input optical fiber and the k_2 branch input optical fiber, the k_1 branch input optical fiber is connected to the k_1 optical fiber providing terminal of the k-th battery module, the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module located inside the k-th case of the k-th battery module is connected between the k_1 optical fiber providing terminal and the k_2 optical fiber providing terminal, the k-th output optical fiber connected to the k_2 optical fiber providing terminal is connected to the k-th output optical signal control unit, and the k_1 branch input optical fiber,A k_1 branch serial optical fiber and a k_2 branch input optical fiber, including an internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module and a k-th output optical fiber, are arranged in a k-th optical fiber parallel structure between the k-th input optical signal control unit and the k-th output optical signal control unit; the k_1 branch serial optical fiber and the k_2 branch input optical fiber are merged through the k-th output optical signal control unit and input to the (k+1) input optical signal control unit as a (k+1) input optical fiber corresponding to the (k+1) battery module; the (k+1) input optical fiber is connected to the (k+1) input optical signal control unit; the (k+1) input optical fiber is branched into a (k+1)_1 branch input optical fiber and a (k+1)_2 branch input optical fiber through the (k+1) input optical signal control unit; the (k+1)_1 branch input optical fiber is connected to the (k+1)_1 optical fiber providing terminal of the (k+1) battery module; and the (k+1) battery An ESS container system characterized in that an internal optical fiber for a (k+1) battery module located inside the (k+1) case of a module is connected between the (k+1)_1 optical fiber providing terminal and the (k+1)_2 optical fiber providing terminal, and a (k+1) output optical fiber connected to the (k+1)_2 optical fiber providing terminal is connected to a (k+1) output optical signal control unit, and a (k+1)_1 branch serial optical fiber including the (k+1)_1 branch input optical fiber, the internal optical fiber for the (k+1) battery module, and the (k+1) output optical fiber, and the (k+1)_2 branch input optical fiber are arranged in a (k+1) optical fiber parallel structure between the (k+1) input optical signal control unit and the (k+1) output optical signal control unit, and the k optical fiber parallel structure and the (k+1) optical fiber parallel structure are arranged in a serial structure with respect to each other. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 In claim 1, the k-th thermal runaway response unit corresponding to the k-th battery module further comprises at least some of the k-th module voltage sensor and the k-th module current sensor, and monitors at least some of the k-th battery module voltage information applied to the k-th battery module and the k-th battery module current information flowing through the k-th battery module through at least some of the k-th module voltage sensor and the k-th module current sensor, and the k-th battery module series structure comprising the k-th battery module and the k-th thermal runaway response unit - the k-th thermal runaway response unit comprises at least some of the k-th module voltage sensor and the k-th module current sensor and the k-th power cut-off unit - and the (k+1) battery module and the (k+1) thermal runaway response unit corresponding to the (k+1) battery module - the (k+1) thermal runaway response unit comprises at least some of the (k+1) module voltage sensor and the (k+1) module current sensor and the (k+1) power cut-off unit - the (k+1) battery module series structure An ESS container system characterized by structures connected in parallel. Claim 4 In paragraph 3, the k-th thermal runaway response unit acquires temperature information for each of a plurality of k-th battery cells in contact with the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module according to light introduced into the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module, and when it is detected that the rate of change of temperature for a specific battery cell among the plurality of k-th battery cells is greater than or equal to a preset threshold rate of change, it monitors at least some of the k-th battery module voltage information and k-th battery module current information through at least some of the k-th module voltage sensor and k-th module current sensor, and when it is detected that the voltage value applied to the k-th battery module exceeds a preset threshold voltage range or the direction of the current flowing through the k-th battery module has changed, the ESS container system is characterized by cutting off power to the k-th battery module through the k-th power cut-off unit. Claim 5 An ESS container system according to claim 1, wherein the k-th battery module further comprises at least some of a plurality of k-th voltage sensors and a plurality of k-th current sensors that match each of a plurality of k-th battery cells, and monitors each of a plurality of k-th battery cell voltage information applied to each of the plurality of k-th battery cells and at least some of a plurality of k-th battery cell current information flowing through each of the plurality of k-th battery cells through at least some of the plurality of k-th voltage sensors and the plurality of k-th current sensors, and wherein a k-th battery module series structure comprising the k-th battery module and a k-th thermal runaway response unit corresponding to the k-th battery module - the k-th thermal runaway response unit includes a k-th power cut-off unit - and a k-th battery module series structure comprising the (k+1) battery module and a (k+1) thermal runaway response unit corresponding to the (k+1) battery module - the (k+1) thermal runaway response unit includes a (k+1) power cut-off unit - are connected in parallel. Claim 6 In claim 5, the k-th battery module acquires temperature information for each of a plurality of k-th battery cells in contact with the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module according to light introduced into the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module, and when it is detected that the rate of change of temperature for a specific battery cell among the plurality of k-th battery cells is greater than or equal to a preset threshold rate of change of temperature, it monitors at least some of the voltage information of the plurality of k-th battery cells and the current information of the plurality of k-th battery cells through at least some of the plurality of k-th voltage sensors and the plurality of k-th current sensors; and the k-th thermal runaway response unit cuts off power to the k-th battery module through the k-th power cut-off unit when it is detected that the voltage value applied to the specific battery cell exceeds a preset threshold voltage range or the direction of the current flowing through the specific battery cell has changed by referring to at least some of the voltage information of the plurality of k-th battery cells and the current information of the plurality of k-th battery cells. Claim 7 In claim 1, the rack further comprises a first battery module coupling part to an nth battery module coupling part as each of the battery module coupling parts for coupling and detaching each of the first battery module to the nth battery module, and each of the first battery module coupling part to the nth battery module coupling part comprises a first sliding rail to an nth sliding rail for supporting the movement of each of the first battery module to the nth battery module in conjunction with each of the first case to the nth case of each of the first battery module to the nth battery module, and a first_1 coupling member and a first_2 coupling member to an n_1 coupling member and an n_2 coupling member for coupling with each of the first_1 power supply terminal and the first_2 power supply terminal to the n_1 power supply terminal and the n_2 power supply terminal of each of the first battery module to the nth battery module.In the coupling mode for each of the first battery module to the nth battery module, the length is extended until each of the first_1 power providing terminal, the first_2 power providing terminal, the n_1 power providing terminal, and the n_2 power providing terminal is coupled to each of the first_1 coupling member, the first_2 coupling member, the n_1 coupling member, and the n_2 coupling member, respectively, and in the removal mode for each of the first battery module to the nth battery module, the length is extended until each of the first_1 power providing terminal, the first_2 power providing terminal, the n_1 power providing terminal, and the n_2 power providing terminal is detached from each of the first_1 coupling member, the first_2 coupling member, the n_1 coupling member, and the n_2 coupling member, respectively, and due to elasticity, each of the first battery module to the nth battery module is detached from the first_1 coupling member, the first_2 coupling member, the n_1 coupling member, and the n_2 coupling member, respectively, and the first battery module to the nth battery module is detached from the first sliding rail to the An ESS container system characterized by further including a first sliding spring to a nth sliding spring that supports movement in a direction away from each of the first battery module coupling part to each of the nth battery module coupling part through each of the nth sliding rails. Claim 8 An ESS container system according to claim 7, wherein in the coupling mode for the k-th battery module, at least a portion of the light introduced through the k-th input optical fiber travels through the k-th input optical signal control unit to the k-th output optical signal control unit via the k-th_1 branch input optical fiber, the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module, and the k-th output optical fiber, while monitoring the temperature of each of the plurality of k-th battery cells in contact with the internal optical fiber for the k-th battery module, and in the removal mode for the k-th battery module, the light introduced through the k-th input optical fiber travels through the k-th input optical signal control unit to the k-th output optical signal control unit via the k-th_2 branch input optical fiber, while monitoring the temperature near the k-th_2 branch input optical fiber. Claim 9 An ESS container system according to claim 1, wherein each of the battery modules further comprises a cooling plate, wherein each of the battery modules surrounds each of the cooling plates so as to be in contact with each of the plurality of battery cells, and a refrigerant passage is formed within each of the cooling plates for moving a refrigerant, and each of the battery modules further comprises a refrigerant supply terminal formed on at least one surface of each of the cases for providing a refrigerant to the refrigerant passage. Claim 10 An ESS container system according to claim 9, wherein each of the battery modules is characterized by (i) maintaining a state in which each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module is in contact with each of the plurality of battery cells when each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module is located above each of the plurality of battery cells, and (ii) maintaining a state in which each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module is in contact with at least a part of each of the plurality of battery cells and the battery cooling plate when each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module is located between each of the plurality of battery cells. Claim 11 An ESS container system according to claim 1, wherein each of the battery modules is characterized by: (i) maintaining a state in contact with each of the plurality of battery cells when each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module is located on the upper part of each of the plurality of battery cells; and (ii) when each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module is located on the outer part of each of the body of each of the plurality of battery cells, spiraling each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module along the length direction of each of the plurality of battery cells by a predetermined length so that each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module maintains a state in contact with each of the plurality of battery cells. Claim 12 An ESS container system according to claim 1, wherein each of the battery modules comprises a plurality of battery cells each composed of a specific type of battery among a cylindrical battery, a prismatic battery, and a pouch-type battery, wherein the prismatic battery and the pouch-type battery have an optical fiber tray formed thereon capable of inserting or mounting an internal optical fiber for the battery module on at least one surface of the outside of the body, and when each of the plurality of battery cells corresponds to a specific type of battery cell among the prismatic battery and the pouch-type battery, the internal optical fiber for the battery module is wired through each of the optical fiber trays so that each of the internal optical fibers for the battery module maintains a state in which it is in contact with each of the plurality of battery cells. Claim 13 In claim 1, the ESS container system comprises, on the outside of the rack: (i) an air conditioning unit for maintaining a constant internal temperature of the ESS container; (ii) a power conversion unit that supports converting AC power supplied from the outside into DC power and supplying it to each of the battery modules in a charging mode for each of the battery modules, and supports converting the DC power discharged from each of the battery modules into AC power and supplying it to a consumer in a discharging mode for each of the battery modules; and (iii) monitor each of the temperature information of each of the plurality of battery cells according to the light introduced into the internal optical fiber for the battery module, and monitor at least some of the voltage information and current information obtained from at least some of the voltage sensors and current sensors linked to each of the battery modules, and determine a specific battery cell among the plurality of battery cells whose temperature change rate is greater than or equal to a preset first threshold temperature change rate as a thermal runaway candidate battery cell, and if it is determined that thermal runaway of the thermal runaway candidate battery module is proceeding by referring to at least some of the thermal runaway candidate module voltage information and thermal runaway candidate module current information applied to the thermal runaway candidate battery module including the thermal runaway candidate battery cell, cut off the power supply to the thermal runaway candidate battery module through a thermal runaway candidate module power cutoff unit connected to the thermal runaway candidate battery module, and if it is determined that the temperature change rate is greater than or equal to a preset second threshold temperature change rate by monitoring the temperature information of the thermal runaway candidate battery cell, perform cooling of the thermal runaway candidate battery module, and then the temperature information of the thermal runaway candidate battery cell An ESS container system comprising an Energy Management System (EMS) that monitors and, if it is determined that the rate of temperature change is greater than or equal to a preset third threshold rate of temperature change, causes the coupling of the thermal runaway candidate battery module from the rack to be released.

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