Equipment for delaminating scrap laminated glass

Abstract

The present application relates to equipment and a method for recycling laminated glass, such as defective or damaged windscreens (100), said equipment (1) comprising: a tunnel (2); tracks, with sequences for entering (3) and exiting (4) the tunnel (2); pairs of conveyor belts between the tracks (10), (20); overhead rotating shearing devices, arranged longitudinally and transversely to the tracks, said shearing devices comprising in sequence: on the tracks (10), shearing discs (50); shearing cylinders (60); and shearing hammers (80); on the tracks (20), shearing cylinders (60'); and first (70') and second (80') shearing hammers; transverse shafts (90 to 95') belonging to the actuation system, on which are mounted the belts (30), (40) and the shearing devices (50), (60), (70), (80), (60'), (70'), (80'); and a system for removing the delaminated materials.

Description

“EQUIPMENT AND METHOD FOR DELAMINING LAMINATED GLASS SCRAP” INTRODUCTION

[0001] This descriptive report refers to an invention patent application for equipment and method for delaminating laminated glass scraps, belonging to the technical sector of glass processing means, which were developed to perform the simultaneous delamination of defective windshields that are still curved and rigid and damaged (broken) windshields that are relatively flat and flexible, composed of opposing layers of tempered or common glass and intermediate PVB film. STATE OF THE ART - BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] With the Industrial Revolution, the glass industry reached new heights thanks to new laminated glass manufacturing technologies. By the turn of the 20th century, there were three major centers operating in the production of this material: France, England, and Belgium.

[0003] In the United States, in the early 1920s, demand from the automotive sector led Ford to create a molded laminated glass, the laminated windshield.

[0004] Laminated glass and windshields are composed of two layers of common or tempered molded or flat glass, bonded together with a Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) film.

[0005] Laminated glass used in windshields protects vehicle occupants when a small object strikes them, when only the outer layer shatters. When the impact is stronger, the glass shatters, but the glass fragments remain bonded to the vinyl, hence the name safety glass.

[0006] Population growth and the need for mobility in the last century led to a major global increase in manufacturing, resulting in various models and sizes of windshields. ABOUT RECYCLING COMMON GLASS AND LAMINATED GLASS

[0007] With the advent of laminated glass, the recycling process remained the same as that used for regular glass, but it was less efficient. Several drawbacks can be identified in windshield recycling.

[0008] In fact, the PVB used in windshields is thicker than that used in flat glass in construction, due to the level of safety required and because it has to be made up of two curved panes of glass.

[0009] When using the hammer mill to crush windshield glass, approximately 20% of the glass shards remain attached to the PVB, forming a contaminating solid residue.

[0010] The glass recycler has to bear the costs of disposal and transportation of this solid waste and the landfill fee, waste that also poses the problem of contaminating the soil and groundwater or, if burned in an incinerator, releases large amounts of CO 2 that contaminates the atmosphere.

[0011] Another drawback related to windshield recycling is that the process carried out in the hammer mill takes longer due to the resistance of PVB, which results in greater expenditure of time and electrical energy.

[0012] Due to the friction exerted in the hammer mill, the PVB heats up and turns into an elastic mass impregnated with glass shards that are difficult to work with for disposal.

[0013] In this way, glass recyclers lose 20% of the volume of processed glass, which does not return to the industry furnaces, and 100% of the PVB volume is no longer used as a by-product in other industries.

[0014] Therefore, windshield manufacturers do not achieve their desired reverse logistics or circular economy, which are necessary environmental care practices.

[0015] This common recycling process also commercially devalues ​​the purchase of this type of glass.

[0016] Currently, the automotive glass industry in Brazil has an average monthly loss of 5% in the manufacture of windshields, around 600 tons, known as defective windshields.

[0017] Windshield replacement stores in Brazil send approximately 1,200 tons of damaged windshields for recycling each month.

[0018] Thus, recyclers process on average 1,800 tons per month, approximately 163,000 windshields, where 20% or 360 tons of material are lost.

[0019] The PVB that is discarded in this 20%, equivalent to 6% of the initial volume or 30% of the discarded volume, 133 tons per month.

[0020] Since 2010, with the Solid Waste Law in Brazil, industries and recyclers have been required to provide urgent solutions to environmental concerns. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

[0021] Thus, the objective of the present invention patent is to provide means to overcome the problems of the prior art mentioned above, related to the recycling of laminated glass for various applications, particularly automotive windshields, formed by opposing layers of common or tempered glass and an intermediate layer of PVB film that connects the glass layers.

[0022] Another objective is to provide a means to simultaneously shear / delaminate defective windshields and damaged windshields.

[0023] Another objective is to provide means that facilitate the recycling of glass that makes up windshields.

[0024] Another objective is to provide means that facilitate the recycling of PVB that makes up windshields.

[0025] Another objective is to provide means that facilitate simple and low-cost shearing, delamination and recycling of windshield materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] In view of the above-mentioned problems and with the aim of overcoming them and aiming to meet the related objectives, the equipment and method for delaminating laminated glass scraps, which are the subject of the present patent, were developed, said equipment comprising, essentially: a tunnel-type structure with entrance and exit; first parallel tracks and second parallel tracks, the latter arranged in sequence and misaligned from the first; said tracks extended between the entrance and exit of the tunnel; a set of first and second conveyor chains in a closed ring, parallel, interspersed with the first and second tracks, respectively, and which hold and advance the windshields on the tracks; by sets of pairs of overlapping shearing / delamination devices, arranged on the tracks, in the transverse and longitudinal direction of the equipment, comprised, in sequence, of: pairs of overlapping shearing / delamination discs; pairs of overlapping shearing / delamination cylinders; by first and second pairs of overlapping shearing / delamination hammers; by second pairs of shearing / delamination cylinders; by first and second pairs of shearing / delamination hammers; said equipment performs a method of delaminating laminated glass scrap comprising predicting the laminated glass scrap in the form of rigid curved defective windshields and flattened and flexible damaged (broken) windshields and substantially: stages of advancing the windshields carried out by the conveyor chains;shearing, delamination and flattening stages of the scraps carried out by pairs of overlapping shear / delamination discs; first stages of pressure shearing / delamination carried out by first pairs of overlapping shear / delamination cylinders; by first stages of mechanical impact shearing / delamination carried out by first and second pairs of overlapping shear / delamination hammers; by second stages of pressure shear / delamination carried out by second pairs of shear / delamination cylinders; by second stages of mechanical impact shear / delamination carried out by first and second pairs of shear / delamination hammers; by stage of releasing the glass-free PVB film; and stage of; collection of shards, powders, glass talc by exhaust and storage in a storage environment external to the equipment.

[0027] The equipment / method thus designed overcomes the problems of the prior art mentioned above.

[0028] In fact, the windshield delaminating equipment completely separates the glass from the PVB film.

[0029] The machine processes the windshield completely clean, after removing metal parts, rubber, silicone, adhesives, window film and others.

[0030] The windshields travel separately on a conveyor belt to the machine entrance, and leave at the end of the process with the crushed glass completely separated from the PVB and completely cleaned to its original size.

[0031] Considering that each windshield has an average weight of 11 kg, with a feed of one windshield at a time, the machine has a production capacity of approximately 1 windshield every 10 seconds or 66 kg per minute, 3,960 kg per hour, 31,680 kg per 8-hour shift, 633,600 kg considering 20 working days per month, with 3 shifts the total capacity is 1,900,800 kg or 1,900.8 tons / month.

[0032] The machine reproduces continuous mechanical actions and reactions of shearing and progressive and alternating sequential impact action on the scrap, which is fractionated by chains, special gears, motors, speed reducers, bearings and has a solid body to support the various shafts necessary to perform the required work (shearing / delamination / recycling).

[0033] When developing any production line, a standard of uniform dimensions or type of materials is sought.

[0034] Thus, in this case, PVB was defined as the standard for the equipment, due to its thickness, strength and elasticity.

[0035] In the case of windshields, when the glass is broken or sheared, it does not offer uniformity, but the PVB blanket does, even with the glass shards still attached to its body and the PVB without the support of the two rigid bodies, it returns to being a flexible blanket.

[0036] All these constructive, functional and performance characteristics, mentioned above, of the present equipment and method allow overcoming the problems and limitations of the state of the art, mentioned above, related to the recycling of laminated glass, particularly, simultaneous recycling of defective windshields with curved and rigid surfaces and of damaged (broken) windshields that are relatively flat and flexible. LIST OF DRAWINGS

[0037] The attached drawings refer to the equipment and method for delaminating laminated glass scraps, which are the subject of this patent application, in which: - fig. 1 shows a schematic view of equipment 1 in plan; - fig. 2 shows the enlarged section of the first track 10 of equipment 1; - fig. 3 shows the enlarged section of the second tracks 20 of the equipment; - fig. 4 shows a schematic view of uniform 1 seen from the right side; - fig. 5 shows a schematic view of equipment 1, in which tracks are seen, on which conveyor chains 30 and 40 of the equipment move; - figs. 6 and 7 show enlarged details of the sections of equipment corresponding to the first 10 and second 20 tracks seen laterally; - fig. 8 shows a detail of the equipment, in which a set of axles and hammers 94-70 can be seen; - fig. 9 shows a detail similar to that in the previous figure, in which a set of axles and hammers 95-80 can be seen; - Fig. 10 shows a block diagram of the method; and - Figs. 11 and 12 show illustrative drawings of a defective, curved, rigid windshield 100 and a flat, relatively flexible, damaged (broken) windshield 100. DETAILED DESCRIPTION BASED ON DRAWINGS

[0038] As illustrated in the figures listed above and as provided for in the invention, the equipment and method for delaminating 1, objects of the present patent application, are intended for the delamination of laminated glass scraps 100, comprised of defective windshields 100 (fig. 11) and damaged windshields 100 (fig. 12), formed: by two layers of common or tempered glass 101, molded or flat; and by an intermediate plastic film 102, comprised of Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB), for interconnecting the layers of glass 101.

[0039] In the present invention, and this constituting the main object to be protected in the patent, the delaminating equipment 1 is particularly intended for the delamination of defective windshields that are still short. rigid and 100 and of damaged (broken) windshields, flattened and relatively flexible in the face of the accident; said equipment for delaminating 1 is comprised essentially of: - by tunnel-shaped structure 2 with entrance 3 and exit 4; - by first parallel tracks 10, arranged inside tunnel 2 and extended from entrance 3 to the intermediate level of tunnel 2; - by second parallel tracks 20, arranged in sequence and misaligned from the first tracks 10 and extended to exit 4 of tunnel 2; said tunnel 2 and first 10 and second 20 tracks have width “L” slightly greater than the width “I” of the scraps 100, in this case defective and damaged windshields; said equipment 1 also formed: - by first pairs of overlapping closed ring conveyor chains 30, said pairs interspersed between the first tracks 10; - by second pairs of overlapping closed-loop conveyor chains 40, interspersed with the second tracks 20 and offset from the first pairs of overlapping closed-loop conveyor chains 30, these and said second pairs of overlapping closed-loop conveyor chains 40 overlap, press and advance the scrap (windshield) 100; - by a set of pairs of rotating, overlapping shear devices, arranged longitudinally and transversely to the first 10 and second 20 tracks; - said set of pairs of overlapping rotating shear devices located on each first track 10 is comprised, in sequence: by a pair of overlapping toothed shear discs 50, located in the entry section 3 of track 10; by a pair of overlapping toothed shear cylinders 60, located next by pairs of overlapping toothed shear discs 50; by first pairs of overlapping synchronized shear hammers 70 located in sequence to pairs of overlapping toothed shear cylinders 60; by second pairs of overlapping synchronized shear hammers 80 located in sequence to first pairs of overlapping synchronized shear hammers 70; - the set of overlapping rotating shearing devices on each second track 20 is comprised, in sequence: by a pair of overlapping toothed shearing cylinders 60', located next to the second pairs of overlapping synchronized shearing hammers 80 of the first track 10; by first pairs of overlapping synchronized shearing hammers 70', located in sequence to the pairs of overlapping toothed shearing cylinders 60'; by second pairs of overlapping synchronized shearing hammers 80', located in sequence to the first pairs of overlapping synchronized shearing hammers 70' and arranged adjacent to the exit 4 of track 20; - by a pair of shafts and gears 90 arranged transversely at the input 3, on which the shear discs 50 are mounted and the ends of the first superimposed conveyor chains 30 are meshed; by a set of pairs of shafts and gears 91 arranged at an intermediate level of the equipment 1, meshed with each other, and in which the intercalated ends of the first 30 and second 40 conveyor chains are meshed and split; by a pair of shafts and gears 92 arranged transversely at the output 4 and in which the ends of the second conveyor chains 40; said shaft and gear assemblies 90, 91, 92 belonging to the drive system (not illustrated); - by a set of pairs of shafts, parallel, superimposed and transverse to the equipment 1, comprised of shafts arranged in correspondence with the first tracks 10, namely: pair of shafts 93 on which the shearing cylinders 60 are mounted; first 94 and second 95 pairs of shafts, on which the first 70 and second 80 hammers are mounted; - by a set of pairs of shafts, parallel, superimposed and transverse to the equipment 1, comprised of shafts arranged in correspondence with the second tracks 20, namely: pair of shafts 93' on which the shearing cylinders 60' are mounted; first 94' and second 95' pairs of shafts, on which the first 70' and second 80' hammers are mounted; said pairs of shafts 93, 94, 95, 93', 94', 95' belonging to the drive system (not illustrated); - said pairs of first 30 and second 40 overlapping closed-loop conveyor chains and the sets of shearing devices located on the first 10 and second 20 tracks, comprising: the pair of overlapping shear discs 50; pair of overlapping shear cylinders 60; pairs of first 70 and second 80 overlapping synchronized shear hammers; pair of overlapping shear cylinders 60'; pairs of first 70' and second 80' overlapping synchronized shear hammers jointly perform a delamination method comprising, essentially: by the step of advancing the defective windshields- rigid curved windshields 100 and flexible flattened damaged (broken) windshields 100, carried by conveyor chains 30, 40; and by shearing stages of said windshields 100 made by compression actions inducing forces and continuous mechanical shear reactions and by sequential, progressive and alternating impact actions, said actions carried out by discs 50, cylinders 60, first 70 and second 80 hammers, cylinders 60', first 70' and second 80' hammers, so that at the entrance 3 of equipment 1 the windshields (scrap) 100 are fed, in sequence, through a conveyor belt 200, and at the exit 4 the Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) film 102 without glass comes out, which goes to subsequent processing 201 and along the tunnel 2 and tracks 10, 20 the glass shards, dust and talc fall by gravity and / or are sucked by suction nozzles 202, located adjacent to the entrance 3 and exit 4, belonging to exhaust and storage system 203 (fig.4) of glass shards, powder and talc, thus completing the delamination method.

[0040] The following descriptions aim to show greater detail of the components of equipment 1:

[0041] Thus, the defective and damaged windshields 100 are loaded in sequence onto the conveyor belt 200, forming a kind of “scrap blanket” 100, which is fed into the input 3 of the equipment 1; said belt 200 has a width selected to limit the inclination of the windshields 100 in the horizontal plane at the input 3 of the equipment 1.

[0042] Equipment 1 is a tunnel-shaped structure 2 with inlet 3 and outlet 4. Its walls are lined with rubber for sound insulation. Its motors, chains, and belts are covered with fairings for operator protection. The internal bearings are double-shielded to protect against glass dust.

[0043] Each track 10 and track 20 is a space flanked by pairs of overlapping conveyor chains 30 and 40, respectively, through which pass corresponding regions of the “flexible scrap blanket” 100' pressed and advanced by said pairs of overlapping conveyor chains 30, 40.

[0044] Each pair of overlapping shear discs 50 is located in an input section 3 of a respective track 10, mounted on respective shafts 90, and has toothed peripheries 51 such that the teeth 51 of one of the discs 50 fit between the teeth 51 of the other disc 50 and vice versa, and said shear discs 50 are made of steel with a hardness selected to withstand the abrasiveness of the glass. Between the teeth 51 of the discs 50 passes the “scrap blanket” 100 (defective and damaged windshields), which is compressed and “flattened,” forming a “flexible scrap blanket” 100'. An explanation is needed here. The scrap 100 processed by the present equipment 1 consists of defective windshields, but which still maintain the rigid curved profile 100, and of damaged (broken) windshields 100 which become relatively flat and flexible due to the accident. In this way, the set of defective and damaged windshields that is fed into the equipment 1 forms a kind of “scrap blanket” 100 with irregular opposing surfaces, unsuitable for feeding into the shearing means of equipment 1. The pairs of toothed shear discs 50, located at the inlet 3 of equipment 1, perform a compression on the “scrap blanket” 100 that enters equipment 1, in order to perform an initial shear, forming a “flexible flat scrap blanket” 100' that has more substantially flattened opposing surfaces, thus making the scrap (windshield) 100 more suitable for feeding into the shearing means of equipment 1.

[0045] In this first action carried out by the overlapping shear discs 50, the glass shards break into 45% of the volume and approximately 5% of the glass shards are detached.

[0046] Each pair of overlapping (tangent) shear rolls 60 is in sequence with a corresponding pair of overlapping toothed shear discs 50; said shear rolls 60 have equal diameters, are mounted and rotated on shafts 93 and their contact surfaces are formed by pyramidal teeth 61, such that a pyramidal tooth 61 of one of the shear rolls 60 fits between four pyramidal teeth 61 of the other roll 60 and vice versa. The linear distances between the tips of the pyramidal teeth 61 of each shear roll 60 can vary between 10 mm and 35 mm and can have an angle ranging from 90° to 150° with straight or rounded corners, said shear rolls 60 are of selected high-hardness steel to withstand the abrasiveness of the glass. Between said toothed surfaces of the overlapping shear rolls 60 passes the "flexible scrap blanket" 100', so that a given section of scrap 100 of the "flexible scrap blanket" 100', on the one hand, is supported by four tips of pyramidal teeth 61 and, on the other hand, receives force from the tip of a corresponding pyramidal tooth 61 and vice versa, thus promoting forces and mechanical reactions that promote the shearing of the glass.

[0047] Each conveyor chain 30, of the pair of overlapping conveyor chains 30 that flank the tracks 10, is formed: by a closed-loop conveyor chain 30; by a set of shaft and extreme traction gears 90, 91; by a guide and compression rail 32 through which a longitudinal, rectilinear side 33 of the chain 30 passes and is compressed; by rubber shoes 34 for compression and dragging of the scrap and which are mounted on the links of the chain 30; by two tensioner sets 35 that act on the opposite longitudinal side 36 of the chain 30, each said tensioner set 35 formed: by a gear, in which the longitudinal side 36 engages, by a bearing on which the gear is supported, by means of an eccentric support on which the bearing is mounted, with individual adjustment and supported on a fixed shaft;said conveyor chains 30, in the formation of the pair of conveyor chains 30 lateral to the respective first track 10, are superimposed, coplanar, symmetrical and with the longitudinal sides 33 adjacent, such that the longitudinal side 33 of one of the chains 30 and the longitudinal side 33 of the opposite chain 30 have their rubber shoes 34 compressed against opposite faces of the “flexible scrap blanket” 100', so as to advance it; to pass through the set of shearing devices (discs 50, cylinders 60, hammers 70, 80).

[0048] Each conveyor chain 40 is formed by: sets of extreme traction shafts and gears 91 and 92; by guide and compression rail 42; by longitudinal sides 43, 46; by rubber shoes 44; by two stretcher sets 45 and, in the formation of the pair of conveyor chains 40 lateral to the respective second track 20, said conveyor chains 40 are superimposed, coplanar, symmetrical and with the longitudinal sides 43 adjacent and with their rubber shoes 44 compressed against opposite faces of the “flexible scrap blanket” 100', so as to advance it to pass through the set of shearing devices (cylinders 60', hammers 70', 80'). Conveyor chains 30 and 40 are made of hardened steel links and their rubber shoes 34, 44 are made of rubber selected to be abrasion resistant.

[0049] Between the rubber shoes 34 of the conveyor chains 30 of the pairs of overlapping conveyor chains 30 and between the rubber shoes 44 of the conveyor chains 40 of the pairs of overlapping conveyor chains 40, sections of the "flexible scrap blanket" 100' are pressed, which is thus advanced by said pairs of overlapping conveyor chains 30, 40 to pass through the set of shearing devices. During the travel in the first tracks 10, the "flexible scrap blanket" 100' (opposing glass layers 101 and intermediate PVB film 102) is carried by the pairs of conveyor chains 30, which press to an approximate thickness of 5.50 mm and enter the second tracks 20 only with the thickness of the PVB film 102 of 1.20 mm. for which reason rubber shoes 34, 44 are provided for chains 30, 40, molded in two respective sizes. In this way, with the initial controlled path of the “flexible scrap blanket” 100', the shearing devices perform the continuous shearing action in the spaces constituted by tracks 10 and 20.

[0050] Each hammer 70 is formed: by a central frame 71 that is mounted on a shaft 94 of the drive system and that is rotated by it; by equal extensions of the sides of said frame 71, each extension formed: by a first straight extension section 72 extended concentrically from a corresponding side of the frame 71; and by a second straight extension section 73 extended at an angle to the first extension section 72, hanging above the subsequent side of the frame 71 and terminating in a free end. Two superimposed shafts 94, one upper and the other lower, and upper and lower hammers 70 mounted on the shafts form a shaft and hammer assembly 94-70, such that at least two of said shaft and hammer assemblies 94-70 are arranged transversely and in sequence on the first tracks 10.

[0051] Each hammer 80 is formed by: a central frame 81 mounted on a shaft 95 of the drive system and rotated by it; by equal rectilinear extensions 82 extended concentrically from the sides of said frame 81 and terminated in free ends. Two superimposed shafts 95, one upper and the other lower, and upper and lower hammers 80 mounted on the shafts form a shaft-hammer assembly 95-80, such that at least two said shaft-hammer assemblies 95-80 are arranged transversely, in sequence. between themselves and the two in sequence in relation to the axle and hammer sets 94-70.

[0052] The hammers 70' and hammers 80' located in the second track 20 are the same as the hammers 70 and hammers 80 located in the first track 10; and at least two sets of shafts and hammers 94'-70' and two sets of shafts and hammers 95'-80' are arranged transversely and in sequence in the second tracks 20.

[0053] Said hammers 70, 80, 70', 80' are made of steel, arranged in sequence, synchronized with transmission through a double toothed belt, with speed (medium / high) selected to produce an impact on the “flexible scrap blanket” 100' suitable for shearing the glass; said hammers alternate in their directions of impact, in favor and against the flow direction of the “flexible scrap blanket” 100', that is, in other words, in track 10, the first pair of hammers 70 rotates in the direction of the scrap flow; the second pair of hammers 70 rotates in the opposite direction to the scrap flow; the first pair of hammers 80 rotates in the direction of the scrap flow; the second pair of hammers 80 rotates in the opposite direction to the scrap flow and, in track 20, the first pair of hammers 70' rotates in the direction of the scrap flow; the second pair of hammers 70' rotates in the opposite direction to the scrap flow; the first pair of hammers 80' rotates in the direction of the scrap flow;the second pair of hammers 80' rotates in the opposite direction to the flow of scrap, these movements providing alternating, upper and lower, synchronized mechanical impacts against the glass shards glued to the upper and lower faces of the PVB film 102 and arranged on the upper and lower faces of the “flexible scrap blanket” 100', thus producing shear; of said glass shards and their delamination in relation to the PVB 102 film.

[0054] With these settings and movement, the impact angle of each synchronized hammer 70, 80, 70', 80' can vary from 40° to 76°.

[0055] On the first track 10, up to four sets of axles and hammers 94-70; 95-80 work and on the second track 20, up to another four sets of axles and hammers 94'-70'; 95'-80' work, which move synchronized, in sequence and with decreasing distances in their pairs (between axles), so that the PVB 102 blanket supports the consecutive impacts.

[0056] This impact action is gradual and detaches the glass shards from the PVB 102 film, which comes out completely clean at the end of the process.

[0057] After passing through the shear discs 50, the glass shards are released by up to 3%; after the shear cylinders 60, up to 25% of the glass shards are released and after the impacts of the synchronized hammers 70, 80, 70', 80', the remaining glass shards, powder and talc are released from each track, thus releasing the glass-free PVB 102 film.

[0058] The machine inlet is sized only for the passage of the windshield and the machine outlet to the PVB; said machine also has the suction nozzles 202 of the exhaust and storage system 203 located at the inlet and outlet to suck and contain the dust and talc circulating only inside it.

[0059] All electrical control is controlled by a central unit with frequency inverters and PLC, obeying the operator via touchscreen (not illustrated).

[0060] The equipment for delaminating laminated glass scrap 1 described above is therefore comprised, in summary: by a set of first 30 parallel closed-loop conveyor chains and second 40 parallel closed-loop conveyor chains arranged in sequences to those, which grip and advance scrap (windshields) 100 along tracks 10 and 20 defined between said chains 30, 40; and by pairs of overlapping shearing / delamination devices, arranged on the tracks 10 and 20 and in the transverse and longitudinal direction of the equipment 1, comprised of: pairs of overlapping shearing / delamination discs 50; pairs of overlapping shearing / delamination cylinders 60; by first 70 and second 80 pairs of overlapping shearing / delamination hammers; by pairs of overlapping shearing / delamination cylinders 60'; for first 70' and second 80' pairs of shear / delamination hammers;said equipment 1 further comprising a system for removing delaminated materials by collecting shards and glass powder by means of a conveyor belt; removing glass talc through exhaust and removing glass-free PVB through the outlet of equipment 1; said equipment performs a method for delaminating laminated glass scrap comprising predicting laminated glass scrap in the form of rigid curved defective windshields 100 and flattened and flexible damaged (broken) windshields 100; said defective and damaged windshields 100 formed by layers of tempered or common glass; opposite layers 101 and intermediate PVB film 102, glued to the layers 101; said method comprising: 1 - Stage of feeding defective and damaged windshields 100 comprising loading said windshields onto a conveyor belt 200 with an exit at the inlet 3 of equipment 1, in which said windshields form a type of “scrap blanket” 100 with irregular opposing surfaces constituted by the surfaces of the defective and damaged windshields 100; 2- Stage of flattening the “scrap blanket” 100 carried out using a set of pairs of overlapping, rotating, toothed shear discs 50, between which the “scrap blanket” 100 passes and is compressed, thus carrying out said shear discs 50 an initial shear / delamination in the “scrap blanket” 100, which comes out from between said shear discs 50 in the form of a “flexible scrap blanket” 100' with substantially flattened opposing surfaces and with a first small part of glass shards from the glass layer 101 delaminated from the PVB film 102; 3 - Stage of advancement of the “flexible scrap blanket” 100' carried out by a set of parallel pairs of first overlapping conveyor chains 30 between which the “flexible scrap blanket” 100' is pressed and advanced; 4- First shearing / delamination stage by compression carried out by a set of pairs of toothed, overlapping, rotating shearing / delamination cylinders 60 through which the “flexible scrap blanket” 100' passes and is compressed, thus carrying out a first shearing by compression and delamination of shards of glass from the opposing layers of glass 101 glued to opposite faces of the PVB film 102 and forming a “flexible scrap blanket” 100' with opposing layers of glass 101 fragmented, with delaminated glass shards and glued to opposite faces of the PVB film 102; 5- First shearing / delamination stage by mechanical impacts, performed by first two sets of rotating shafts and hammers 94-70 arranged next to the set of pairs of shearing / delamination cylinders 60, and by second two sets of rotating shafts and hammers 95-80 arranged in sequence to the first two sets of rotating shafts and hammers 94-70, in which the “flexible scrap blanket” 100' passes between the pairs 70 and pairs 80 of overlapping hammers, which perform successive, synchronized mechanical impacts, in the direction of and against the flow of the “flexible scrap blanket” 100' and on the opposite faces of the latter, delaminating glass shards from the opposite layers of glass 101 glued to opposite faces of the PVB film 102, thus forming the “flexible scrap blanket” 100' with opposite layers of glass 101 fragmented, with glass shards glued to opposite sides of the PVB film 102 and with a large quantity of delaminated glass shards; 6- Stage of advancement of the “flexible scrap blanket” 100' carried out by a set of parallel pairs of second overlapping conveyor chains 40 between which the “flexible scrap blanket” 100' is pressed and advanced; 7- Second compression shearing / delamination stage performed by a second set of pairs of toothed, overlapping, rotating 60' shear / delamination cylinders arranged on the second tracks 20 in sequence to the last set of rotating shafts and hammers 95-80 of the first tracks 10, forming a “flexible scrap blanket” 100' with opposite layers of glass 101 glued to opposite faces of the PVB film 102, these layers of glass 101 being fragmented and with a large quantity of delaminated glass shards; 8- Second shearing / delamination stage by mechanical impacts performed by first two sets of rotating shafts and hammers 94'-70' and second two sets of rotating shafts and hammers 95'-80' arranged in sequence to the second set of pairs of shearing / delamination cylinders 60', in which the “flexible scrap blanket” 100' passes between the pairs 70' and pairs 80' of overlapping hammers, which perform successive, synchronized mechanical impacts, in the direction of and against the flow of the “flexible scrap blanket” 100' and on the opposite faces of the latter, shearing and delaminating glass shards from the opposite layers of glass 101 glued to opposite faces of the PVB film 102, thus forming a glass-free PVB film 102, which is released through outlet 4 of the equipment 1; and 9- Stage of extraction of the delaminated materials comprising: 1) - removal of the glass shards and powders formed during the process by dropping them by gravity onto a conveyor belt and removing them through this; 2) - removal of the glass talc through an exhaust system and storage of the glass shards, powders and talc in suitable storage media external to the equipment 1; and 3) removal of the PVB without glass through the outlet of the equipment 1.

[0061] Thus, in one possibility, the shards of glass and dust They fall by gravity onto a collection belt, and the glass talc is sucked up by exhaust and sent to transport bags. The clean glass shards, dust, and talc can be reused by glass manufacturers.

[0062] The PVB blanket comes out with 99.9% purity and can then be crushed or diluted to be sold as an additive in waterproofing agents, paints or in plastic bag recyclers.

[0063] Within the basic construction described above, the equipment and method, which are the subject of this patent application, may present modifications relating to materials, dimensions, construction details and / or functional configuration and / or modifications of process steps and parameters without going beyond the scope of the protection requested.

Claims

Claims 1 “EQUIPMENT FOR DELAMINATING LAMINATED GLASS SCRAP”, these comprised of defective windshields (100) and damaged (broken) windshields (100), formed: by two layers of common or tempered glass (101), molded or flat; and by an intermediate plastic film (102), comprised of Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB), for interconnecting the layers of glass (101); said equipment (1) comprised of a tunnel-shaped structure (2) with inlet (3) and outlet (4), characterized by: - by first parallel tracks (10), arranged inside the tunnel (2) and extended from the entrance (3) to its intermediate level; - by second parallel lanes (20), arranged in sequence and misaligned with the first lanes (10) and extended to the exit (4) of the tunnel (2); said tunnel (2) and first (10) and second (20) lanes have a width “L” slightly greater than the width “I” of the defective and damaged windshields (100); - by first pairs of overlapping closed-loop conveyor chains (30), said pairs interspersed between the first tracks (10): - by second pairs of overlapping closed-loop conveyor chains (40), said pairs interspersed with the second tracks (20) and offset from the first pairs of overlapping closed-loop conveyor chains (30), these and said second pairs of overlapping closed-loop conveyor chains (40) press and advance the scrap (windshield) (100); - by a set of pairs of rotating, overlapping shearing devices, arranged longitudinally and transversely to the first (10) and second (20) tracks; - by a set of pairs of overlapping rotating shearing devices located on each first track (10) comprising, in sequence: by a pair of overlapping toothed shear discs (50), located in the entry section (3) of the track (10); by a pair of overlapping toothed shear cylinders (60), located next to the pairs of overlapping toothed shear discs (50); by first pairs of overlapping synchronized shear hammers (70), located in sequence to the pairs of overlapping toothed shear cylinders (60); by second pairs of overlapping synchronized shear hammers (80), located in sequence to the first pairs of overlapping synchronized shear hammers (70); - by a set of rotating shearing devices, superimposed on each second track (20) comprised, in sequence: by a pair of superimposed toothed shearing cylinders (60)', located next to the second pairs of synchronized, superimposed shearing hammers (80) of the first track (10); by first pairs of synchronized, superimposed shearing hammers (70)', located in sequence to the pairs of superimposed toothed shearing cylinders (60)'; by second pairs of synchronized, superimposed shearing hammers (80)', located in sequence to the first pairs of synchronized, superimposed shearing hammers (70)' and arranged adjacent to the exit (4) of the track (20); - by a pair of shafts and gears (90) arranged transversely at the entrance (3), on which the shear discs (50) are mounted and the ends of the first overlapping conveyor chains (30) are meshed; by a set of pairs of shafts and gears (91) arranged at an intermediate level of the equipment (1), meshed among themselves, and in which the intercalated ends of the first (30) and second (40) conveyor chains are meshed and split; by a pair of shaft and gears (92) arranged transversely at the output (4) and in which the ends of the second conveyor chains (40) are meshed; said sets of shafts and gears (90), (91), (92) belonging to the drive system (not illustrated); - by a set of pairs of shafts, parallel, overlapping and transverse to the equipment (1), comprised of shafts arranged in correspondence with the first tracks (10), namely: pair of shafts (93) on which the shearing cylinders (60) are mounted; first (94) and second (95) pairs of shafts, on which the first (70) and second (80) hammers are mounted; - by a set of pairs of shafts, parallel, superimposed and transverse to the equipment (1), comprised of shafts arranged in correspondence with the second tracks (20), namely: pair of shafts (93)' on which the shearing cylinders (60)' are mounted; first (94)' and second (95)' pairs of shafts, on which the first (70)' and second (80)' hammers are mounted; said pairs of shafts (93), (94), (95), (93)', (94)', (95)' belonging to the drive system (not illustrated). 2 “EQUIPMENT FOR DELAMINATING LAMINATED GLASS SCRAP”, according to claim 1, characterized in that the tracks (10) and tracks (20) are spaces flanked by pairs of overlapping conveyor chains (30) and (40), respectively, through which corresponding regions of the “flexible scrap blanket” (100) pass, [formed by the windshields (100)] pressed and advanced by said pairs of overlapping conveyor chains (30), (40). 3 “EQUIPMENT FOR DELAMINATING LAMINATED GLASS SCRAP”, according to claim 1, characterized in that the shearing disc (50) has a toothed periphery (51). 4 “EQUIPMENT FOR DELAMINATING LAMINATED GLASS SCRAP”, according to claim 1, characterized in that the shearing cylinder (60), (60)' has a contact surface formed by pyramidal teeth (61), such that a pyramidal tooth (61) of a shearing cylinder (60) (60)' fits between four pyramidal teeth (61) of another cylinder (60) (60)' and vice versa; said pyramidal teeth (61) of each shearing cylinder (60) (60)' may vary between 10 mm and 35 mm and have an angle between 90° and 150° with straight or rounded corners. 5 “EQUIPMENT FOR DELAMINATING LAMINATED GLASS SCRAP”, according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveyor chain (30) is formed: by a closed-ring conveyor chain (30); by a set of extreme traction shafts and gears (90), (91); by a guide and compression rail (32) through which a longitudinal, straight side (33) of the chain (30) passes and is compressed; by rubber shoes (34) for compression and dragging of the scrap and which are mounted on the links of the chain (30); by two tensioning sets (35) acting on the opposite longitudinal side (36) of the chain (30). 6 “EQUIPMENT FOR DELAMINATING LAMINATED GLASS SCRAP”, according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveyor chain (40) is formed: by sets of shafts and extreme traction gears (91) and (92); by guide and compression rail (42); by longitudinal sides (43), (46); by rubber shoes (44); by two tensioner sets (45). 7 “EQUIPMENT FOR DELAMINATING LAMINATED GLASS SCRAP”, according to claim 1, characterized in that the hammer (70), (70)' is formed: by a central frame (71) that is mounted on an axis (94), (94)'; by equal extensions of the sides of said frame (71), each extension formed: by a first section of rectilinear extension (72) extended concentrically from the corresponding side of the frame (71); and by a second section of rectilinear extension (73) extended at an angle to the first section of extension (72), hanging above the subsequent side of the frame (71) and ending in a free end. 8 “EQUIPMENT FOR DELAMINATING LAMINATED GLASS SCRAP”, according to claim 1, characterized in that the hammer (80), (80)' is formed: by a central frame (81) mounted on an axis (95), (95)'; by equal rectilinear extensions (82) extended concentrically from the sides of said frame (81) and terminated in free ends. 9 “EQUIPMENT FOR DELAMINATING LAMINATED GLASS SCRAP”, according to any one of claims 1 or 7 or 8, characterized in that, in the track (10), the first pair of hammers (70) rotates in the direction of the scrap flow; the second pair of hammers (70) rotates in the opposite direction to the scrap flow; the first pair of hammers (80) rotates in the direction of the scrap flow; the second pair of hammers (80) rotates in the opposite direction to the scrap flow; in the track (20), the first pair of hammers (70) rotates in the direction of the scrap flow; the second pair of hammers (80) rotates in the opposite direction to the scrap flow; second pair of hammers (70)' rotates in the opposite direction to the scrap flow; the first pair of hammers (80)' rotates in the direction of the scrap flow; the second pair of hammers (80)' rotates in the opposite direction to the scrap flow. 10 “EQUIPMENT FOR DELAMINATING LAMINATED GLASS SCRAP”, according to claim 9, characterized in that the impact angle of each synchronized hammer (70), (80), (70)', (80)' can vary from 40° to 76°. 1 1 “METHOD FOR DELAMINATING LAMINATED GLASS SCRAP”, carried out by the equipment (1) of claims 1 to 10, comprising prediction of laminated glass scrap in the form of rigid curved defective windshields (100) and flattened and flexible damaged (broken) windshields (100), formed by opposing tempered or common glass layers (101) and intermediate PVB film (102), glued to the layers (101), characterized by: 1) - Stage of feeding defective and damaged windshields (100) comprising loading said windshields onto a conveyor belt (200) with an exit at the inlet (3) of the equipment (1), in which said windshields form a type of “scrap blanket” (100) with irregular opposing surfaces made up of the surfaces of the defective and damaged windshields (100); 2)- Stage of planning the “scrap blanket” (100) carried out using a set of pairs of toothed, overlapping, rotating shearing discs (50), between which the “scrap blanket” (100) passes and is compressed, thus carrying out said shearing discs (50) an initial shearing / delamination in the “scrap blanket” (100), which comes out from between said shearing discs (50) in the form of “flexible scrap blanket” (100)' having opposite, flat surfaces and a first small part of glass shards from the glass layer (101) delaminated from the PVB film (102); 3) - Stage of advancement of the “flexible scrap blanket” (100)' carried out by a set of parallel pairs of first overlapping conveyor chains (30) between which the “flexible scrap blanket” (100)' is pressed and advanced; 4)- First shearing / delamination stage by compression carried out by a set of pairs of toothed, overlapping, rotating shearing / delamination cylinders (60) between which the “flexible scrap blanket” (100)' passes and is compressed, thus carrying out a first shearing by compression and delamination of glass shards from the opposite layers of glass (101) glued to opposite faces of the PVB film (102) and forming a “flexible scrap blanket” (100)' with opposite layers of glass (101) fragmented, with delaminated glass shards and glued to opposite faces of the PVB film (102); 5)- First shearing / delamination stage by mechanical impacts, carried out by first two sets of rotating shafts and hammers (94)-(70) arranged next to the set of pairs of shearing / delamination cylinders (60), and by second two sets of rotating shafts and hammers (95)-(80) arranged in sequence to the first two sets of rotating shafts and hammers (94)-(70), in which the “flexible scrap blanket” (100)' passes between the pairs (70) and pairs (80) of overlapping hammers, which perform successive, synchronized mechanical impacts, in the direction of and against the flow of the “flexible scrap blanket” (100)' and on the opposite faces of the latter, delaminating shards of glass from the opposing layers of glass (101) glued to opposite faces of the PVB film (102), thus forming a “flexible scrap blanket” (100)' with opposing layers of glass (101) fragmented, with shards of glass glued to opposing faces of the PVB film (102) and with a large quantity of delaminated shards of glass; 6)- Stage of advancement of the “flexible scrap blanket” (100)' carried out by a set of parallel pairs of second overlapping conveyor chains (40) between which the “flexible scrap blanket” (100)' is pressed and advanced; 7)- Second shearing / delamination stage by compression carried out by a second set of pairs of toothed, overlapping, rotating shearing / delamination cylinders (60)' arranged on the second tracks (20) in sequence to the last set of rotating shafts and hammers (95)-(80) of the first tracks (10), forming a “flexible scrap blanket” (100)' with opposing layers of glass (101) glued to opposite sides of the PVB film (102), layers of glass (101) that are fragmented and have a large amount of delaminated glass shards; 8)- Second shearing / delamination stage by mechanical impacts carried out by first two sets of rotating shafts and hammers (94)'-(70)' and second two sets of rotating shafts and hammers (95)'-(80)' arranged in sequence to the second set of pairs of shearing / delamination cylinders (60)', in which the “flexible scrap blanket” (100)' passes between the pairs (70)' and pairs (80)' of overlapping hammers, which carry out successive, synchronized mechanical impacts, in the direction of and against the flow of the “flexible scrap blanket” (100)' and on the opposite faces of the latter, shearing and delaminating glass shards from the opposite layers of glass (101) glued on faces opposite sides of the PVB film (102), thus forming a PVB film (102) without glass, which is released through the outlet (4) of the equipment (1); and 9) - Stage of extraction of the delaminated materials comprising: 1) - removal of the shards and powdered glass formed during the process by dropping them by gravity onto a conveyor belt and removing them through this; 2) - removal of the glass talc through an exhaust system and storage of the shards, powders and glass talc in suitable storage means external to the equipment 1; and 3) - removal of the PVB without glass through the outlet of the equipment 1

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