Ground anchor construction apparatus and construction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field related to building engineering, and aims to provide a ground anchor construction apparatus and a construction method. The ground anchor construction apparatus comprises an anchoring cylinder, several grouting nails and a nailing and grouting machine. The anchoring cylinder is arranged in an anchoring cylinder mounting hole; and the several grouting nails are distributed on a cylinder wall and a bottom plate of the anchoring cylinder. The nailing and grouting machine comprises a machine body and a boom device, wherein one end of the boom device is hinged to the machine body, and the other end of the boom device can extend into the anchoring cylinder and is provided with a nail-shooting mechanism and a grouting mechanism, the grouting nails being driven into a side wall of the anchoring cylinder by means of the nail-shooting mechanism, and the grouting mechanism injecting slurry into the grouting nails so as to connect the anchoring cylinder to the inner wall of the anchoring cylinder mounting hole. The ground anchor construction apparatus and the construction method in the present invention can achieve rapid construction of ground anchors, greatly improve the construction efficiency, and greatly reduce the cost; in addition, same can achieve unified and standardized design and construction, simplify the design and calculation of anchor points, improve the design and construction reliability of the anchor points, and improve the safety of subsequent construction.

Description

Ground anchor construction equipment and construction method Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to construction engineering, and in particular to ground anchor construction equipment and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Ground anchor is a commonly used device in the field of construction engineering. It can be divided into anchor piles, anchor points, anchor ingots, drag pits, etc. Ground anchors are often used in lifting operations to fix towing ropes, guy ropes, winches, guide pulleys, etc.

[0003] Existing ground anchor construction methods typically include excavation, concrete bedding and rebar insertion, embedded hardware installation, structural reinforcement tying, concrete pouring, and soil backfill and compaction. This method is complex and time-consuming, hindering rapid project progress. In some construction sites, ground anchor construction typically accounts for a significant portion of the workload, resulting in low efficiency and impacting project progress.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of low construction efficiency and impact on project progress of ground anchor construction in the existing technology, thereby providing a ground anchor construction equipment and construction method that can significantly improve construction speed, improve construction efficiency, and facilitate rapid advancement of construction progress.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a ground anchor construction equipment, comprising:

[0007] An anchor cylinder is arranged in the anchor cylinder mounting hole;

[0008] A plurality of grouting nails are distributed on the wall and bottom plate of the anchor cylinder;

[0009] The nailing and grouting machine includes a fuselage and an arm device. One end of the arm device is hinged to the fuselage, and the other end can be extended into the anchor cylinder and is provided with a nail shooting mechanism and a grouting mechanism. The grouting nails are placed into the cylinder wall and bottom plate of the anchor cylinder through the nail shooting mechanism. The grouting mechanism grouts the grouting nails to connect the anchor cylinder and the inner wall of the anchor cylinder mounting hole.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution for ground anchor construction equipment, the grouting nail includes a body, in which a grouting channel and an on-off control component for controlling the on-off of the grouting channel are arranged.

[0011] As an optimal technical solution for ground anchor construction equipment, the on-off control assembly includes a check valve rod, a grouting nail elastic element and a cover. The control end of the check valve rod is pluggable to the grouting channel. The grouting nail elastic element is arranged between the end of the check valve rod away from the control end and the cover. The cover is detachably connected to the main body.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution for the ground anchor construction equipment, the insertion and removal direction of the check valve rod is perpendicular to the axial direction of the grouting channel.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution for the ground anchor construction equipment, the control end has a sloped pressure surface, and the angle between the sloped pressure surface and the grouting direction of the grouting nail is an obtuse angle.

[0014] As an optimal technical solution for the ground anchor construction equipment, the grouting channel has multiple grouting outlets.

[0015] As an optimal technical solution for ground anchor construction equipment, the nail shooting mechanism and the grouting mechanism are arranged on the first turntable, and the end of the arm device extending into the anchor cylinder is connected to the first turntable through the primary rotating mechanism, the secondary rotating mechanism and the tertiary rotating mechanism in sequence.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution for the ground anchor construction equipment, the primary slewing mechanism includes a primary slewing motor and reducer, a planetary gear and a slewing gear. The primary slewing motor and reducer are arranged at the end of the boom device extending into the anchor cylinder. The rotating shaft of the planetary gear is connected to the output shaft of the primary slewing motor and reducer, and the slewing gear is meshed with the planetary gear.

[0017] The secondary rotary mechanism includes a secondary rotary motor, a reducer, and a connecting rod. The secondary rotary motor and the reducer are arranged on the connecting rod. One end of the connecting rod is hinged to the rotating shaft of the planetary gear. The secondary rotary motor and the reducer drive the connecting rod to swing.

[0018] The three-stage rotating mechanism includes a three-stage rotating motor and a reducer, which are arranged at the other end of the connecting rod, and the output shafts of the three-stage rotating motor and the reducer are connected to the rotating shaft of the first turntable.

[0019] As an optimal technical solution for ground anchor construction equipment, the nail-shooting mechanism includes a nail-setting assembly and a nail-shooting assembly. The nail-setting assembly includes a second turntable. The nail-setting assembly is arranged on the first turntable through a four-stage rotary mechanism. The four-stage rotary mechanism includes a four-stage rotary motor and a reducer. The rotating shaft of the second turntable is connected to the output shaft of the four-stage rotary motor and the reducer. The second turntable has several grouting nail setting positions, and the grouting nails are clamped in the grouting nail setting positions.

[0020] As an optimal technical solution for ground anchor construction equipment, the nail assembly includes an air tank, a piston rod, a nail air inlet pipe, a nail elastic element, an air inlet valve and a pressure-controlled air valve. The air tank is arranged on the first surface of the first turntable, and the piston rod is telescopically arranged in the air tank. The force-applying end of the piston rod can pass through the first turntable and hit the grouting nail to make it disengage from the grouting nail setting position. The two ends of the nail elastic element are in contact with the load-bearing end of the piston rod and the bottom of the air tank. The nail air inlet pipe is connected to the air inlet of the air tank. The air inlet valve is arranged at the air inlet. The pressure-controlled air valve is used to open the air tank to apply force to the load-bearing end.

[0021] As an optimal technical solution for the ground anchor construction equipment, a safety valve is also provided on the gas storage tank.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution for the ground anchor construction equipment, the axial direction of the piston plunger is parallel to the axial direction of the first turntable.

[0023] As an optimal technical solution for ground anchor construction equipment, the grouting mechanism includes a grouting pipe, a grouting sleeve, a sealing airbag, a grouting air inlet pipe and a small air tank. One end of the grouting sleeve is arranged on the second surface of the first turntable, and the other end of the grouting sleeve is provided with the sealing airbag. The sealing airbag has a mounting hole suitable for inserting the grouting nail. The grouting pipe is connected to the inside of the grouting sleeve, and the grouting air inlet pipe is connected to the small air tank. The small air tank is used to inflate the sealing airbag.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution for the ground anchor construction equipment, a video monitoring mechanism is provided on the first surface of the first turntable, and the video monitoring mechanism includes a camera.

[0025] A construction method using the above-mentioned ground anchor construction equipment comprises:

[0026] Formed anchor cylinder mounting holes;

[0027] Installing the anchor cylinder into the anchor cylinder installation hole;

[0028] A plurality of grouting nails are arranged on the wall and bottom plate of the anchor cylinder by a nailing mechanism;

[0029] Grouting is injected into the grouting nail through a grouting mechanism to connect the anchoring cylinder and the inner wall of the anchoring cylinder mounting hole;

[0030] Grouting is performed on the gap between the outer wall of the anchor cylinder and the inner wall of the anchor cylinder installation hole.

[0031] As a preferred technical solution of the above construction method, after grouting the gap between the outer wall of the anchor cylinder and the anchor cylinder installation hole, it also includes filling ballast into the anchor cylinder.

[0032] As a preferred technical solution of the above construction method, after grouting the gap between the outer wall of the anchor cylinder and the anchor cylinder installation hole, it also includes a step of connecting anchor points.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0034] (1) The ground anchor construction equipment provided by the present invention includes an anchor barrel, a plurality of grouting nails and a nailing and grouting machine, wherein the nailing and grouting machine includes a fuselage and an arm device, one end of the arm device is hinged to the fuselage, and the other end can be extended into the anchor barrel and is provided with a nailing mechanism and a grouting mechanism, the grouting nails are inserted into the side wall and bottom plate of the anchor barrel through the nailing mechanism, and the grouting mechanism grouts the grouting nails to connect the anchor barrel and the inner wall of the anchor barrel mounting hole. This ground anchor construction equipment can realize rapid ground anchor construction, greatly improve construction efficiency and greatly reduce costs, and this ground anchor construction equipment can be designed and constructed in a unified and standardized manner, simplifying the design and calculation of anchor points, improving the reliability of anchor point design and construction, and improving the safety of subsequent construction.

[0035] (2) The ground anchor construction equipment provided by the present invention comprises a grouting nail including a main body, a grouting channel and an on-off control assembly for controlling the on-off of the grouting channel provided in the main body, the on-off control assembly including a check valve rod, a grouting nail elastic element and a cover, the control end of the check valve rod is pluggable to the grouting channel, a grouting nail elastic element is provided between the end of the check valve rod away from the control end and the cover, and the cover is detachably connected to the main body. This grouting nail contains fewer parts, has a simple structure, is sturdy and durable, and has good reliability.

[0036] (3) The ground anchor construction equipment provided by the present invention has a control end of the check valve rod having a sloped pressure surface, and the angle between the sloped pressure surface and the grouting direction of the grouting nail is an obtuse angle. When high-pressure slurry passes through the grouting channel, the slurry exerts force on the sloped pressure surface under the action of high pressure, causing the check valve rod to move in the direction of pulling out the grouting channel, so that the grouting channel is opened, and the slurry will pass through the grouting channel and be ejected from the slurry outlet. When the grouting is stopped, the slurry no longer exerts force on the sloped pressure surface, and the check valve rod is reset under the action of the elastic element of the grouting nail, closing the grouting channel. This grouting nail structure can realize automatic control of the opening and closing of the grouting channel by setting the sloped pressure surface, has good structural reliability, and is easy to operate.

[0037] The grouting nails have multiple grouting ports, which can realize grouting from multiple angles, bonding the grouting nails to the surrounding rock surface and gaps, thereby forming a larger overall joint force together with the anchor tube.

[0038] (5) The ground anchor construction equipment provided by the present invention comprises a nailing mechanism and a grouting mechanism disposed on a first turntable, and the end of the arm device extending into the anchor cylinder is connected to the first turntable via a primary slewing mechanism, a secondary slewing mechanism, and a tertiary slewing mechanism. The provision of three levels of slewing mechanisms enables multi-angle and multi-position position adjustment during the nailing and grouting processes, thereby enhancing the operational flexibility of the equipment.

[0039] (6) The construction method provided by the present invention includes forming an anchor tube installation hole; installing the anchor tube into the anchor tube installation hole; setting a plurality of grouting nails on the side wall and bottom plate of the anchor tube by a nailing mechanism; injecting grout into the grouting nails by a grouting mechanism to connect the anchor tube and the inner wall of the anchor tube installation hole; and injecting grout into the gap between the outer wall of the anchor tube and the inner wall of the anchor tube installation hole. This construction method has simple procedures, greatly improves efficiency, and greatly reduces costs. It facilitates the rapid construction and rapid commissioning of ground anchors, and can achieve the effects of mechanized, rapid, and high-standard construction. Moreover, this construction method is convenient and flexible to apply and arrange in batches, and has a very wide and flexible application scenario. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0041] FIG1 is an overall schematic diagram of the ground anchor construction equipment of the present invention;

[0042] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a grouting nail according to the present invention;

[0043] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the end portion of the arm device of the nailing and grouting machine in the present invention.

[0044] Description of reference numerals:

[0045] 1. Anchor cylinder;

[0046] 2. Anchor cylinder installation hole;

[0047] 3. Grouting nail; 301. Body; 302. Grouting channel; 303. Check valve stem; 304. Grouting nail elastic element; 305. Cover; 306. Slope pressure surface; 307. Grout outlet; 308. Top cap; 309. Sealing ring;

[0048] 401. Body; 402. Operator's cab; 403. Electric control cabinet; 404. Engine; 405. Hydraulic pump; 406. Hydraulic box; 407. Pulping machine; 408. Air pump; 409. Boom; 410. Cylinder telescopic arm; 411. Cylinder rod;

[0049] 5. First turntable; 501. First surface; 502. Second surface;

[0050] 601, first-stage rotary motor and reducer; 602, planetary gear; 603, rotary gear;

[0051] 701. Secondary rotary motor and reducer; 702. Connecting rod;

[0052] 8. Three-stage rotary motor and reducer;

[0053] 901, gas storage tank; 902, piston plunger; 903, nail-shooting air inlet pipe; 904, nail-shooting elastic element; 905, air inlet valve; 906, pressure-controlled air valve; 907, safety valve;

[0054] 10. Four-stage rotary motor and reducer;

[0055] 11. Second turntable;

[0056] 1201, grouting pipe; 1202, grouting sleeve; 1203, sealing air bag; 1204, grouting air inlet pipe; 1205, small gas tank;

[0057] 13. Camera;

[0058] 14. Simple hook. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the ground anchor construction equipment of the present invention. This ground anchor construction equipment, used in ground anchor construction, enables rapid ground anchor installation with high efficiency and low cost. Furthermore, this ground anchor construction equipment allows for unified and standardized design and construction, simplifying the design and calculation of anchor points, improving the reliability of anchor point design and construction, and enhancing the safety of subsequent construction.

[0061] The ground anchor construction equipment includes an anchor tube 1, a plurality of grouting nails 3 and a nailing and grouting machine, wherein the anchor tube 1 is arranged in the anchor tube mounting hole 2; the plurality of grouting nails 3 are distributed on the tube wall and the bottom plate of the anchor tube 1; the nailing and grouting machine includes a fuselage 401 and an arm device, one end of the arm device is hinged to the fuselage 401, and the other end can be extended into the anchor tube 1 and is provided with a nailing mechanism and a grouting mechanism, the grouting nails 3 are placed into the tube wall and the bottom plate of the anchor tube 1 through the nailing mechanism, and the grouting mechanism grouts the grouting nails 3 to connect the anchor tube 1 and the inner wall of the anchor tube mounting hole 2.

[0062] In this embodiment, the anchor tube 1 is formed by drilling. The shape of the anchor tube 1 is preferably cylindrical and slightly smaller than the pre-designed diameter of the anchor tube mounting hole 2. The diameter of the anchor tube 1 is slightly smaller than that of the anchor tube mounting hole 2 to facilitate installation and to allow for a certain clearance for contact grouting outside the tube. However, this clearance should not be too large, as it would increase the amount of grouting slurry used and weaken the pull-out bearing capacity of the anchor foundation. The anchor tube 1 includes an anchor tube cover. Grouting holes and grouting vents are provided on the lower portion of the anchor tube cover, corresponding to the outer wall of the anchor tube 1 and the inner wall of the anchor tube mounting hole 2, respectively, to facilitate grouting and to release pressure from the grouting process. The grouting holes, facing outward, can be connected to a nailing and grouting machine via a grouting pipe, and internally connected to a grouting guide pipe. The anchor tube cover and the corresponding top portion of the tube are both provided with matching threads to ensure a tight connection between the anchor tube cover and the anchor tube, ensuring the effective operation of the anchor airbag. A number of grouting nail holes with a diameter matching the diameter of the nails are set on the circumference of the anchor cylinder wall and the bottom plate to facilitate the installation of grouting nails.

[0063] In other embodiments, the shape of the anchor cylinder may be a bowling ball shape that is thicker at the bottom and thinner at the top. The bowling ball-shaped anchor cylinder can increase the pull-out resistance when the cylinder diameter is large and the grouting nail is of sufficient length.

[0064] As shown in Figure 2, the grouting nail 3 includes a body 301, within which is disposed a grouting channel 302 and an on / off control assembly for controlling the opening and closing of the grouting channel 302. The grouting nail 3 has an overall pointed cylindrical structure, with a top cap 308 and a sealing ring 309 at the rear end. The sealing ring 309 is mounted on the rear end of the body 301, and the top cap 308 can limit the sealing ring 309 to prevent it from falling off the body 301. The body 301 is provided with a grouting channel 302 along its axial direction. The grouting channel 302 is a passage for slurry circulation and has a slurry inlet and a slurry outlet 307. Slurry enters through the slurry inlet and exits through the slurry outlet 307. In this embodiment, multiple slurry outlets 307 are provided, preferably arranged at angles, to enable grouting from multiple angles, bonding the grouting nail to the surrounding rock surface and cracks, thereby forming a larger integrated joint force with the anchor barrel. The on-off control component is a check valve. A check valve cavity is provided in the middle of the grouting channel 302. The on-off control component is provided in the check valve cavity and is used to open the grouting channel 302 to allow the slurry to flow, or to close the grouting channel 302 to prevent the slurry from flowing.

[0065] Specifically, the on-off control assembly includes a check valve stem 303, a grouting pin elastic element 304, and a cover 305. The control end of the check valve stem 303 is pluggably connected to the grouting channel 302. The grouting pin elastic element 304 is disposed between the end of the check valve stem 303 away from the control end and the cover 305. The cover 305 is detachably connected to the body 301. The grouting pin elastic element 304 is preferably a spring. The outer wall of the cover 305 has threads. The spring and the check valve stem 303 are enclosed in the check valve cavity by a detachable, threaded cover 305. When not grouting, the spring pushes the check valve stem 303 into the grouting channel 302, sealing the grouting channel 302. The control end of the check valve stem 303 is configured as a sloped pressure surface, and the angle between the sloped pressure surface 306 and the grouting direction of the grouting pin 3 (as shown by the arrow in Figure 2) is an obtuse angle. In this embodiment, the angle is 135°.

[0066] Furthermore, the insertion and removal direction of the check valve rod 303 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the grouting channel 302, so as to reliably realize the on-off control of the grouting channel.

[0067] As shown in FIG3 , the nailing and grouting machine includes a control and power device, an arm device, an arm head operating device, etc.

[0068] The control and power unit consists of a driver's cab 402, an electrical control cabinet 403, an engine 404, a hydraulic pump 405, a hydraulic tank 406, a slurry machine 407, and an air pump 408. The driver's cab 402 controls the nailing and grouting processes, the electrical control cabinet 403 provides power and control signals, the engine 404 powers the equipment, the hydraulic tank 406 and hydraulic pump 405 provide hydraulic power, the slurry machine 407 supplies slurry for grouting, and the air pump 408 provides compressed air.

[0069] The boom assembly consists of a boom 409 at the rear end and a cylinder telescopic boom 410 at the front end. An intermediate boom and other boom structures can be added as needed. The front end adopts a cylinder telescopic boom primarily to facilitate wellbore construction. The boom 409 is a conventional steel structure boom; the rear end of the cylinder telescopic boom 410 is hinged to the boom 409, and the angle of the cylinder telescopic boom 410 is adjusted by a variable-length oil cylinder attached to the boom 409. The cylinder telescopic boom 410 has an internal cylinder telescopic rod (i.e., cylinder rod 411) structure and an external boom-type steel structure. This allows the external part of the cylinder telescopic boom to bear the structural force, while the front part achieves the purpose of telescoping movement through the telescopic oil cylinder rod 411.

[0070] The arm head operating device, that is, the nail shooting mechanism and the grouting mechanism arranged at the end of the arm device extending into the anchor cylinder 1, is to meet the requirements of multi-dimensional construction in the well slot.

[0071] Specifically, the nailing mechanism and the grouting mechanism are arranged on the first turntable 5, and the end of the arm device extending into the anchor cylinder 1 is connected to the first turntable 5 through the primary rotation mechanism, the secondary rotation mechanism, and the tertiary rotation mechanism in sequence. The end of the arm device extending into the anchor cylinder 1 is the end of the cylinder rod 411 entering the anchor cylinder 1.

[0072] The primary slewing mechanism includes a primary slewing motor and reducer 601, planetary gears 602, and a slewing gear 603. The primary slewing motor and reducer 601 is located at the end of the boom assembly that extends into the anchor barrel 1. The rotating shaft of the planetary gear 602 is connected to the output shaft of the primary slewing motor and reducer 601, and the slewing gear 603 meshes with the planetary gear 602. The axial direction of the output shaft of the primary slewing motor and reducer 601 is parallel to the axial direction of the cylinder rod 411, and the rotating shaft of the slewing gear 603 is parallel to or coincides with the axial direction of the cylinder rod 411. The primary slewing motor and reducer 601 drives the planetary gear 602 to rotate, which meshes with the slewing gear 603, thereby rotating the slewing gear 603.

[0073] The secondary rotary mechanism includes a secondary rotary motor and reducer 701 and a connecting rod 702. The secondary rotary motor and reducer 701 is mounted on the connecting rod 702. One end of the connecting rod 702 is hinged to the rotating shaft of the planetary gear 602. The secondary rotary motor and reducer 701 drives the connecting rod 702 to swing. The output shaft of the secondary rotary motor and reducer 701 is perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder rod 411. One end of the connecting rod 702 is hinged to the rotating shaft of the planetary gear 602. The secondary rotary motor and reducer 701 can drive the connecting rod 702 to swing within a vertical plane, achieving a change in the articulation angle.

[0074] The three-stage rotary mechanism includes a three-stage rotary motor and reducer 8, which is mounted at the other end of the connecting rod 702. The output shaft of the three-stage rotary motor and reducer 8 is connected to the rotating shaft of the first turntable 5. The axial direction of the output shaft of the three-stage rotary motor and reducer 8 coincides with the axial direction of the connecting rod 702, and the three-stage rotary motor and reducer 8 can drive the first turntable 5 to rotate about its rotating shaft.

[0075] Furthermore, the nail shooting mechanism is used to place the grouting nails 3 into the wall and bottom plate of the anchor tube 1. The nail shooting mechanism includes a nail setting assembly and a nail shooting assembly. The nail setting assembly is used to place a number of grouting nails 3 to be used in advance, and the nail shooting assembly is used to shoot the grouting nails 3 located on the nail setting assembly into the wall and bottom plate of the anchor tube 1.

[0076] The nail setting assembly includes a second turntable 11, which has a plurality of grouting nail setting positions. A grouting nail 3 can be arranged on each grouting nail setting position. The axial direction of the grouting nail 3 on the grouting nail setting position is parallel to the axial direction of the first turntable 5. The tail of the grouting nail 3 on the grouting nail setting position can be stuck in the grouting nail setting position. When the tail of the grouting nail is subjected to external force, the grouting nail 3 can be separated from the grouting nail setting position.

[0077] The nail placement assembly is mounted on the first turntable 5 via a four-stage rotary mechanism. The four-stage rotary mechanism includes a four-stage rotary motor and reducer 10. The rotating shaft of the second turntable 11 is connected to the output shaft of the four-stage rotary motor and reducer 10. The four-stage rotary motor and reducer 10 are arranged with their axes parallel to the axis of the first turntable 5. The four-stage rotary motor and reducer 10 can drive the second turntable 11 to rotate, thereby realizing the replacement of the grouting nail placement position.

[0078] That is to say, in this embodiment, the arm head operating device adopts a four-axis structure. Of course, other multi-axis structures can also be selected as needed. One axis is a primary rotary motor and reducer 601, planetary gear 602, rotary gear 603 and other structures connected to the front end of the cylinder rod 411 of the cylinder telescopic arm 410, so as to realize the horizontal rotation of the lower structure around the cylinder rod. The second axis is a secondary rotary motor and reducer 701 connected to the lower part of the rotary gear 603, which is used to realize the swing angle rotation of the lower structure in the vertical plane. The third axis includes a three-stage rotary motor and reducer 8, a first turntable 5, and a nail shooting mechanism and a grouting mechanism installed at different ends of the first turntable 5. The third axis is used to drive the first turntable 5 to rotate around the turntable axis. The fourth axis is used to drive the grouting nail plate (second turntable 11) to rotate to realize continuous nailing operation with continuous nail feeding. A certain number of grouting nails 3 can be installed in advance on the grouting nail plate.

[0079] The nail assembly includes an air tank 901, a piston rod 902, a nail air inlet pipe 903, a nail elastic element 904, an air inlet valve 905 and a pressure-controlled air valve 906. The air tank 901 is arranged on the first surface 501 of the first turntable 5, and the piston rod 902 is telescopically arranged in the air tank 901. The force-applying end of the piston rod 902 can pass through the first turntable 5 and hit the grouting nail 3 to make it disengage from the grouting nail setting position. The nail elastic element 904 is preferably a spring. The two ends of the nail elastic element 904 abut against the load-bearing end of the piston rod 902 and the bottom of the air tank 901. The nail air inlet pipe 903 is connected to the air inlet of the air tank 901. The air inlet valve 905 is arranged at the air inlet. The pressure-controlled air valve 906 is used to open the air tank 901 and apply force to the load-bearing end.

[0080] Furthermore, a safety valve 907 is provided on the gas storage tank 901 , and the axial direction of the piston plunger 902 is parallel to the axial direction of the first turntable 5 .

[0081] The grouting mechanism includes a grouting pipe 1201, a grouting sleeve 1202, a sealing airbag 1203, a grouting air inlet pipe 1204 and a small gas tank 1205. One end of the grouting sleeve 1202 is arranged on the second surface 502 of the first turntable 5, and the other end of the grouting sleeve 1202 is provided with a sealing airbag 1203. The sealing airbag 1203 has a mounting hole suitable for inserting a grouting nail 3. The grouting pipe 1201 is connected to the inside of the grouting sleeve 1202, and the grouting air inlet pipe 1204 is connected to the small gas tank 1205. The small gas tank 1205 is used to inflate the sealing airbag 1203.

[0082] In addition, other auxiliary structures are installed on the first turntable 5, including a simple hook 14 and a video monitoring mechanism, which includes a camera 13 and a fill light. The simple hook 14 is located below the center of the first turntable 5 to assist in lifting operations. The camera 13 and fill light are located at appropriate locations on the first turntable 5 or its superstructure, allowing the equipment operator to observe and operate the working surface within the wellbore through the camera display installed in the operator's cab.

[0083] This embodiment also provides a construction method using the above-mentioned ground anchor construction equipment, comprising:

[0084] Step 1: Forming the anchor cylinder mounting hole 2;

[0085] This step involves rapid drilling, using a geological drill or other hole-drilling rig to quickly create holes for the anchor cylinders, according to a predetermined hole diameter, depth, and number. Previously, due to the variety of anchor types, ground anchor construction typically involved manual or mechanical excavation of the holes for the anchor cylinders. Clearly, this method is more efficient, especially for large-scale applications.

[0086] Step 2: Install the anchor cylinder 1 into the anchor cylinder installation hole 2;

[0087] This step is the installation of the anchor cylinder. After the drilling rig drills the hole, the anchor cylinder is installed into the hole. During installation, care should be taken to keep the gap between the outer wall of the anchor cylinder 1 and the surrounding wall of the anchor cylinder installation hole 2 uniform to ensure the quality of subsequent grouting.

[0088] Step 3: Use a nailing mechanism to set a number of grouting nails 3 on the side wall and bottom plate of the anchor cylinder 1;

[0089] This step is the nailing operation. In the process of making the anchor cylinder 1, a number of grouting nail holes are set on the circumference of the anchor cylinder 1 wall and the bottom plate according to the anchoring force that needs to be achieved. The grouting nail holes match the diameter of the grouting nails 3. The diameter of the grouting nail holes should be slightly larger than the diameter of the grouting nails 3 so that the grouting nails 3 can be smoothly penetrated into place. The anchor cylinder can be manufactured in a standardized manner. In addition to standardizing the height and diameter of the anchor cylinder, a standardized number of anchor nail holes can also be set on the anchor cylinder. All of them are temporarily blocked with detachable plugs. Before installation and use, the temporary plugs are removed and used according to the needs of the site. The unused anchor nail hole plugs are used to prevent leakage during grouting.

[0090] After the anchor cylinder 1 is installed, the operator drives the nail grouting machine to extend the telescopic oil cylinder rod 411 into the installed anchor cylinder 1, adjusts the rotation angle of the multi-axis drive device, aligns the nail assembly with the anchor hole to be installed, and turns on the engine 404 and air pump 408 of the nail grouting machine. The generated air pressure is injected into the air tank 901 through the nail inlet pipe 903. When the set pressure is reached, the safety valve 907 automatically overflows and exhausts, and the air pump 408 stops working. Once the air tank 901 needs to be replenished with air, the air pump 408 automatically starts in time according to the air pressure detection situation in the air tank 901 and the control program setting, ensuring that the pressure in the air tank 901 meets the minimum pressure value requirement. When the nail is to be driven, the pressure control valve 906 is controlled to quickly release the pressure, and the air pressure quickly pushes the piston rod 902 out, quickly pushing the corresponding grouting nail 3 into the grouting nail hole of the anchor cylinder 1. Because a sealing ring 309 is fixedly arranged at the tail of the grouting nail 3, when the grouting nail 3 is squeezed into the gap of the grouting nail hole, a part of the sealing ring 309 is also squeezed into the gap between the grouting nail 3 and the anchor nail hole. This fixes the grouting nail 3 on the one hand and fills the gap on the other hand to avoid leakage during the subsequent grouting process. After completing the installation of a grouting nail 3, according to program control, the system can automatically identify the grouting nail hole on the barrel wall, and then automatically align the new grouting nail hole. Before nailing, under the drive of the four-stage rotary motor and the reducer 10, the grouting nail disk (the second turntable 11) automatically rotates one grid, aligns the next grouting nail 3 with the piston punch 902, and after shifting to the new grouting nail hole, the next cycle operation can be carried out.

[0091] Step 4: Use the grouting mechanism to inject grout into the grouting nail 3 to connect the anchor tube 1 and the inner wall of the anchor tube mounting hole 2;

[0092] After completing the nailing of all grouting nails, the grouting operation can be started, and the grouting operation of the grouting nails should be carried out first.

[0093] This step is to fix the grouting nail 3 by injecting a small amount of grouting, so as to firmly anchor the grouting nail 3 and the rock wall (i.e., the inner wall of the anchor tube mounting hole 2). The operator operates the three-stage rotary motor and the reducer 8, and according to the image capture of the camera 13 and the automatic recognition and precise alignment of the background program, the grouting sleeve 1202 is accurately pressed against the grouting nail 3 on the inner wall of the anchor tube 1, and the exposed part of the grouting nail 3 is inserted into the grouting sleeve 1202. There is a contact sensing sensor in the grouting sleeve 1202. After sensing the grouting nail 3, the high-pressure gas stored in the small gas tank 1205 on the second turntable 11 will automatically fill the sealed airbag of the grouting sleeve 1202. In 1203, the sealing airbag 1203 is rapidly inflated, thereby tightly covering the gap between the grouting sleeve 1202 and the grouting nail 3, preventing grout leakage during high-pressure grouting. The high-pressure grout passes through the grouting channel 302. Under the action of high pressure, it dislodges the check valve stem 303, which is supported by the grouting nail elastic element 304 against the grouting channel 302. The grout passes through the grouting channel 302 and is ejected from the grouting outlet 307, bonding the grouting nail 3 to the surrounding rock surface and gaps, thereby forming a larger overall joint force with the anchor barrel 1. When grouting stops, the check valve stem 303 returns to its original position under the action of the grouting nail elastic element 304, sealing the grouting channel 302. Because the check valve has a sloped pressure surface on one side (i.e., the control end) that opens, and a cylindrical surface on the other side, the sloped pressure surface, under the action of slurry pressure, decomposes the pressure into lateral pressure, pushing the check valve stem 303 and the grouting nail elastic element 304 toward the cover 305, thereby opening the check valve and forming a grouting channel. However, the cylindrical surface on the back side cannot generate lateral force under the action of slurry pressure, and the check valve cannot be pushed open. The cover 305 is screwed on to facilitate installation and removal. After removing the cover, the grouting nail elastic element 304 and the check valve stem 303 can be installed, removed, or repaired.

[0094] Step 5: Grouting is performed on the gap between the outer wall of the anchor cylinder 1 and the inner wall of the anchor cylinder mounting hole 2.

[0095] Afterwards, grouting is performed outside the anchor tube to integrally anchor the anchor tube 1 to the rock wall. Grouting is performed between the outside of the anchor tube and the hole wall through the grouting holes and vent holes in the anchor tube cover. Grouting is preferably made of materials with high permeability, high fluidity, and strong late-stage adhesion. This allows for rapid grouting between the tube wall, significantly increasing the pullout resistance and improving the pullout resistance of the anchor point. Grouting is complete when grout begins to overflow from the grouting vent holes.

[0096] Furthermore, after grouting the gap between the outer wall of the anchor cylinder 1 and the anchor cylinder mounting hole 2, a step of filling ballast into the anchor cylinder 1 is also included. Depending on the required pull-out resistance and the cylinder volume, ballast such as concrete, water, or stone can be selectively filled into the cylinder to further increase the pull-out resistance through gravity.

[0097] Furthermore, after grouting the gap between the outer wall of the anchor tube 1 and the anchor tube mounting hole 2, the step of connecting the anchor point is also included. Auxiliary devices such as flanges and lugs are connected between the anchor tube mouth and the tube wall, which can be used as anchor points. This has a more prominent advantage when multiple anchor tubes are arranged in a cluster to form a joint anchor point force.

[0098] The ground anchor construction equipment and construction method provided by this embodiment can be quickly constructed and put into use. They are simpler than existing construction methods, have greatly improved efficiency, and greatly reduced costs, and are convenient for rapid construction and rapid use. The ground anchor construction equipment can achieve the effects of mechanization, speed, and high-standard construction. Moreover, the ground anchor construction equipment and construction method provided by this embodiment have the advantages of unification and standardization. The ground anchor construction equipment provided by this embodiment can be designed and constructed in a unified and standardized manner, which simplifies the design and calculation of the anchor points, improves the reliability of the anchor point design and construction, and improves the safety of subsequent construction. In addition, the ground anchor construction equipment and construction method provided by this embodiment are convenient and flexible to apply and arrange in batches. If it is necessary to increase the pull-out force of the anchor point, it is preferred to increase the number of grouting nails, which effectively reduces the space occupied and facilitates the clustered arrangement of the anchor points. When a large pull-out force anchor point is required, it is only necessary to increase the number of anchor points, and use a bracket to connect the anchor points for joint force. The application scenarios are very wide and flexible.

[0099] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above descriptions are possible. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ground anchor construction equipment, It is characterized in that include: An anchoring tube (1) is arranged in an anchoring tube mounting hole (2); A plurality of grouting nails (3) are distributed on the wall and bottom plate of the anchoring cylinder (1); A nailing and grouting machine comprises a body (401) and an arm device, wherein one end of the arm device is hinged to the body (401), and the other end can be extended into the anchor cylinder (1) and is provided with a nailing mechanism and a grouting mechanism, wherein the grouting nail (3) is inserted into the cylinder wall and the bottom plate of the anchor cylinder (1) through the nailing mechanism, and the grouting mechanism grouts the grouting nail (3) so that the anchor cylinder (1) and the inner wall of the anchor cylinder mounting hole (2) are connected.

2. The ground anchor construction equipment according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The grouting nail (3) comprises a body (301), in which a grouting channel (302) and an on-off control component for controlling the on-off of the grouting channel (302) are arranged.

3. The ground anchor construction equipment according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The on-off control assembly comprises a check valve rod (303), a grouting nail elastic element (304) and a cover (305); the control end of the check valve rod (303) is pluggably connected to the grouting channel (302); the grouting nail elastic element (304) is arranged between the end of the check valve rod (303) away from the control end and the cover (305); the cover (305) is detachably connected to the body (301); and the grouting channel (302) has a plurality of grouting outlets (307).

4. The ground anchor construction equipment according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The insertion and extraction direction of the check valve rod (303) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the grouting channel (302); The control end has a sloped pressure surface (306), and the included angle between the sloped pressure surface (306) and the grouting direction of the grouting nail (3) is an obtuse angle.

5. The ground anchor construction equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, It is characterized in that The nail shooting mechanism and the grouting mechanism are arranged on a first rotating disk (5), and the end of the arm device extending into the anchor cylinder (1) is connected to the first rotating disk (5) via a primary rotating mechanism, a secondary rotating mechanism and a tertiary rotating mechanism in sequence.

6. The ground anchor construction equipment according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The primary rotary mechanism comprises a primary rotary motor and reducer (601), a planetary gear (602) and a rotary gear (603); the primary rotary motor and reducer (601) are arranged at the end of the arm device extending into the anchor cylinder (1); the rotating shaft of the planetary gear (602) is connected to the output shaft of the primary rotary motor and reducer (601); and the rotary gear (603) is meshed with the planetary gear (602); The secondary rotary mechanism comprises a secondary rotary motor and a reducer (701) and a connecting rod (702). The rotary motor and reducer (701) are arranged on the connecting rod (702), one end of the connecting rod (702) is hinged to the rotating shaft of the planetary gear (602), and the secondary rotary motor and reducer (701) drive the connecting rod (702) to swing; The three-stage rotating mechanism comprises a three-stage rotating motor and a reducer (8), wherein the three-stage rotating motor and the reducer (8) are arranged at the other end of the connecting rod (702), and the output shaft of the three-stage rotating motor and the reducer (8) is connected to the rotating shaft of the first turntable (5).

7. The ground anchor construction equipment according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The nail-shooting mechanism comprises a nail-setting assembly and a nail-shooting assembly, the nail-setting assembly comprising a second turntable (11), the nail-setting assembly being arranged on the first turntable (5) via a four-stage rotary mechanism, the four-stage rotary mechanism comprising a four-stage rotary motor and a reducer (10), the rotating shaft of the second turntable (11) being connected to the output shaft of the four-stage rotary motor and the reducer (10), the second turntable (11) being provided with a plurality of grouting nail setting positions, the grouting nails (3) being clamped in the grouting nail setting positions.

8. The ground anchor construction equipment according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The nail shooting assembly comprises an air storage tank (901), a piston rod (902), a nail shooting air intake pipe (903), a nail shooting elastic element (904), an air intake valve (905) and a pressure-controlled air valve (906); the air storage tank (901) is arranged on the first surface (501) of the first rotating disk (5); the piston rod (902) is telescopically arranged in the air storage tank (901); the force-applying end of the piston rod (902) can pass through the first rotating disk (5) 5) and hits the grouting nail (3) to make it disengage from the grouting nail setting position, the two ends of the nail elastic element (904) are in contact with the load-bearing end of the piston punch rod (902) and the bottom of the gas storage tank (901), the nail air inlet pipe (903) is connected to the air inlet of the gas storage tank (901), the air inlet valve (905) is arranged at the air inlet, and the pressure-controlled air valve (906) is used to open the gas storage tank (901) to apply force to the load-bearing end.

9. The ground anchor construction equipment according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The gas storage tank (901) is also provided with a safety valve (907).

10. The ground anchor construction equipment according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The axial direction of the piston plunger (902) is parallel to the axial direction of the first rotating disk (5).

11. The ground anchor construction equipment according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The grouting mechanism comprises a grouting pipe (1201), a grouting sleeve (1202), a sealing air bag (1203), a grouting air inlet pipe (1204) and a small air tank (1205); one end of the grouting sleeve (1202) is arranged on the second surface (502) of the first turntable (5); the other end of the grouting sleeve (1202) is provided with the sealing air bag (1203); the sealing air bag (1203) has a mounting hole suitable for inserting the grouting nail (3); the grouting pipe (1201) is connected to the inside of the grouting sleeve (1202); the grouting air inlet pipe (1204) is connected to the small air tank (1205); and the small air tank (1205) is used to inflate the sealing air bag (1203).

12. The ground anchor construction equipment according to claim 5, It is characterized in that A video monitoring mechanism is provided on the first surface (501) of the first turntable (5), and the video monitoring mechanism comprises a camera (13).

13. A construction method using the ground anchor construction equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 12, It is characterized in that include: Forming anchor tube mounting hole (2); Installing the anchoring tube (1) into the anchoring tube installation hole (2); A plurality of grouting nails (3) are arranged on the wall and bottom plate of the anchoring cylinder (1) by means of a nailing mechanism; Grouting is injected into the grouting nail (3) by means of a grouting mechanism, so that the anchoring cylinder (1) and the inner wall of the anchoring cylinder mounting hole (2) are connected; Grouting is performed on the gap between the outer wall of the anchoring cylinder (1) and the inner wall of the anchoring cylinder mounting hole (2).

14. The construction method according to claim 13, It is characterized in that After grouting the gap between the outer wall of the anchor cylinder (1) and the anchor cylinder mounting hole (2), the method further includes filling ballast into the anchor cylinder (1).

15. The construction method according to claim 13 or 14, It is characterized in that After grouting the gap between the outer wall of the anchoring tube (1) and the anchoring tube mounting hole (2), the method further includes a step of connecting anchor points.

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