Electric drive device for a motor vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric drive device (10), comprising an electric machine (12) having a rotor (16) and a stator (14), two drive elements, specifically the output shaft (34) and a transmission element, and a switching device (38). According to the invention, the switching device has a switchable first freewheel (40) with a first disc body (44) which is coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to one of the drive elements and has first recesses (46), a second disc body (48) which is coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to the other drive element, and first plates (50) which are held in a moveable manner on the second disc body (48), wherein the switchable first freewheel (40) can be switched between a locked state as a first state, and a released state as a second state.

Description

[0001] Electric drive device for a motor vehicle

[0002] The invention relates to an electric drive device for a motor vehicle, in particular for a car, according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a motor vehicle having at least one such electric drive device. The invention also relates to a method for operating such an electric drive device.

[0003] DE 102018201822 A1 discloses an electric drive system for an electrically powered vehicle. DE 102021123019 A1 discloses a drive block for an electric motor vehicle drive. Furthermore, US 2018 / 0231105 A1 discloses a vehicle drive system. Furthermore, DE 10 2021204062 A1 discloses an electric drive for a vehicle.

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an electric drive device for a motor vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle, a motor vehicle with at least one such electric drive device and a method for operating such an electric drive device, so that a particularly advantageous, extensive functionality of the electric drive device and a particularly fast switching dynamics for the electric drive device can be achieved in a particularly space-saving manner.

[0005] This object is achieved by an electric drive device having the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments with expedient further developments of the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

[0006] A first aspect of the invention relates to an electric drive device for a motor vehicle, also simply referred to as a vehicle. This means that the motor vehicle, preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, has the electric drive device and can be driven, in particular purely electrically, by means of the electric drive device. For example, in its fully manufactured state, the motor vehicle has at least or exactly two vehicle axles arranged consecutively and thus one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle, which are also simply referred to as axles. The respective vehicle axle has at least or exactly two vehicle wheels, which are also simply referred to as wheels. The respective vehicle wheels of the respective vehicle axle are arranged on sides of the motor vehicle that are opposite one another in the transverse direction of the motor vehicle.The vehicle wheels of the motor vehicle are ground contact elements by means of which the motor vehicle can be or is supported downwards on a ground in the vertical direction of the motor vehicle. If the motor vehicle is driven along the ground while being supported downwards on the ground in the vertical direction of the motor vehicle via the ground contact elements, the ground contact elements roll, in particular directly, on the ground. For example, at least or exactly one of the vehicle axles is designed as a drive axle, in particular as an electric drive axle, wherein it is conceivable that both vehicle axles are designed as drive axles. The respective drive axle has, for example, in particular exactly two electric drive devices according to the invention, namely a first electric drive device and a second electric drive device according to the invention.In this case, a first of the electric drive devices is assigned to a first of the vehicle wheels of the drive axle, and the second electric drive device of the drive axle is assigned to a second of the vehicle wheels of the drive axle, wherein the first vehicle wheel can be driven, in particular purely electrically, by means of the first electric drive device, in particular bypassing the second vehicle wheel, and wherein the second vehicle wheel can be driven, in particular purely electrically, by means of the second electric drive device, in particular bypassing the first vehicle wheel. Thus, for example, a so-called electric dual drive can be provided. When reference is made above and below to the electric drive device, this is to be understood as meaning both the first electric drive device and the second electric drive device, unless otherwise stated.The respective vehicle wheel that can be driven by means of the respective electric drive device is also referred to as the drive wheel or driven vehicle wheel.

[0007] The electric drive device comprises an electric machine having a rotor and a stator. For example, the rotor can be driven by the stator and thus rotated relative to the stator about a machine rotation axis. In particular, the electric machine can provide drive torques via its rotor, by means of which the respective vehicle wheel, thus the respective drive wheel, can be driven, in particular purely electrically.

[0008] The electric drive device also has an output shaft, which is rotatable, for example, about a shaft rotation axis relative to the housing. In particular, it is conceivable for the output shaft to be arranged coaxially to the electric machine and thus coaxially to the rotor, so that the shaft rotation axis preferably coincides with the machine rotation axis. In particular, at least one gear element is provided which, when not rotationally fixedly connected to the housing, is rotatable about a main rotation axis relative to the housing, wherein the gear element and further gear elements provided in the electric drive device are preferably arranged coaxially to one another.Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the transmission element and the other transmission elements provided in the electric drive device are arranged coaxially with the output shaft and / or coaxially with the electric machine, so that the main axis of rotation preferably coincides with the shaft axis of rotation and / or with the machine axis of rotation. The electric drive device has at least two drive elements, namely the output shaft and at least the transmission element. In other words, at least the output shaft and the transmission element are provided as the drive element of the electric drive device.

[0009] The electric drive device also has a switching device, for example one that can be actuated electromagnetically, which can be switched between at least two switching positions, namely a first switching state and a second switching state. In principle, hydraulic or purely electromechanical actuation is also conceivable. In the first switching state, for example, a transmission element is connected to the output shaft in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the switching device. In the second switching state, for example, the output shaft is decoupled from both the housing and the transmission element and is therefore rotatable relative to the housing and relative to the transmission element, in particular about the shaft rotation axis and / or about the main rotation axis.

[0010] In order to be able to realize a particularly advantageous, in particular extensive, functionality of the electric drive device in a particularly space-efficient manner, it is provided according to the invention that the switching device has a, for example electromagnetically switchable, first freewheel, which has a first disk body which is coupled to one of the drive elements, in particular to the transmission element, in a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally fixed, manner, and in particular rotationally connected to the transmission element, and which has first recesses. The first freewheel has a second disk body which is coupled to the other drive element, in particular to the output shaft, in a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally connected, manner, and is preferably arranged coaxially to the first disk body.In addition, the first freewheel has first plates movably, in particular pivotably, held on the second disk body. These plates are also referred to as first locking bodies or are first locking bodies of the first freewheel. The first freewheel can be switched, for example electromagnetically, between a locked state and a released state. The locked state is a first state, or is also referred to as the first state, and the released state is a second state, or is also referred to as the second state.In the locked state, the first plates can be inserted or are inserted into the first recesses, whereby in the locked state the first disk body is secured against rotation about a rotation axis in a first direction of rotation relative to the second disk body, so that in the locked state the second disk body can be driven by the first disk body in the first direction of rotation via the first plates and can therefore be rotated in the first direction of rotation about the rotation axis relative to the housing. In particular, it is provided that in the locked state such a movement of the first plates relative to the locking bodies is permitted that the first plates can be inserted or are inserted into the first recesses. In particular, it is conceivable for the disk bodies to be arranged coaxially to one another.The axis of rotation preferably coincides with the shaft axis of rotation and / or with the main axis of rotation and / or with the machine axis of rotation, so that the disk bodies are preferably arranged coaxially with the output shaft and / or coaxially with the gear elements and / or coaxially with the electric machine, and therefore coaxially with the rotor. In the released state, insertion of the first plates into the first recesses is prevented, as a result of which the first disk body can be rotated in the first direction of rotation about the axis of rotation relative to the second disk body and preferably also relative to the housing. The first freewheel is active by, for example, electromagnetic control of the switching device and can thus be specifically switched from one of the states to the other state and preferably from the other state to one state. The first freewheel can thus be switched between the locked state and the released state as required.The switching device also has a self-releasing and thus passive second freewheel, which has a third disk body that is coupled to a first of the drive elements, in particular the transmission element, in a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally fixed manner, and is connected to the transmission element in a particularly rotationally fixed manner. The third disk body preferably has second recesses. The second freewheel has a fourth disk body that is coupled to a second of the drive elements, in particular the output shaft, in a particularly rotationally fixed manner, and is preferably arranged coaxially with the third disk body.Preferably, the third disk body and the fourth disk body are arranged coaxially to one another, wherein it is preferably provided that the third disk body and the fourth disk body are arranged coaxially to the output shaft and / or coaxially to the transmission elements and / or coaxially to the electric machine, thus coaxially to the rotor.The second freewheel automatically, i.e. without being actively controlled, secures the third disc body against rotation about the axis of rotation in a second direction of rotation relative to the fourth disc body, opposite to the first direction of rotation, by means of two plates of the second freewheel, the second plates of which are held, for example, movably, in particular pivotably, on the fourth disc body, whereby the fourth disc body can be driven by the third disc body in the second direction of rotation via the second plates and can therefore be rotated in the second direction of rotation about the axis of rotation relative to the housing. The second freewheel automatically and thus, without being actively controlled, releases the third disc body for rotation in the first direction of rotation about the first axis of rotation relative to the fourth disc body.In this way, advantageous, particularly extensive functionality and technically simple and fast switching of the electric drive device can be achieved in a particularly space-saving, weight-saving and cost-effective manner.

[0011] The transmission element and the output shaft are rotatable, for example, about a respective element rotation axis relative to the housing, particularly when they are not connected to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner. The element rotation axes preferably coincide, wherein the element rotation axes preferably coincide with the machine rotation axis. The element rotation axis belonging to the transmission element is preferably the main rotation axis, and the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft is preferably the shaft rotation axis. The element rotation axes coincide, for example, so that the output shaft and the transmission element are preferably arranged coaxially to one another. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the respective element rotation axis coincides with the rotation axis of the respective disk body, so that the drive elements are preferably arranged coaxially to one another and / or coaxially to the disk bodies, which are preferably arranged coaxially to one another.Preferably, the third disk body is arranged coaxially with the first disk body and coaxially with the second disk body. Preferably, the fourth disk body is arranged coaxially with the first disk body and coaxially with the second disk body. Preferably, the first disk body and the third disk body are connected to one another, in particular permanently and rotationally. Preferably, the second disk body and the fourth disk body are connected to one another, in particular permanently and rotationally. Preferably, the first disk body and the third disk body are formed integrally with one another, thus from a single piece.This means that preferably the first disc body and the third disc body are not formed as separate and joined parts, but rather the first disc body and the third disc body are formed integrally with one another, i.e., formed from a single piece and thus formed as a single body, thus made from a single piece and thus formed as a monoblock. Preferably, the second disc body and the fourth disc body are formed integrally with one another, thus formed from a single piece.Thus, it is preferably provided that the second disk body and the fourth disk body are not formed as separate and thus joined parts, but rather that the second disk body and the fourth disk body are preferably formed integrally with one another, thus formed from a single piece and thus formed by an integral and thus one-piece, thus manufactured monoblock. Preferably, the output shaft is arranged coaxially with the transmission element. Preferably, the disk bodies are arranged coaxially with one another and coaxially with the drive elements.

[0012] The first plates are, for example, movable, in particular pivotable, held on the second disc body and are thereby, for example, rotationally fixed to the disc body relative to the rotational axis around which the disc bodies are rotationally fixed to the disc body when they are not rotationally fixed to the housing. The first plates are first locking bodies of the first freewheel or are also referred to as the first locking bodies of the freewheel.In the case of torques which act on the first disk body in the locked state of the first freewheel around the axis of rotation in the first direction of rotation, the first plates can be inserted or are inserted into the first recesses and in particular remain in the first recesses, whereby the first disk body entrains the second disk body in the first direction of rotation via the first plates and thus drives it, in particular when the first disk body is driven by means of the said torques which act on the first disk body in the locked state around the axis of rotation in the first direction of rotation.In the case of torques which, in the locked state of the first freewheel, act on the second disk body around the axis of rotation in the second direction of rotation and thus, for example, drive the second disk body around the axis of rotation in the second direction of rotation and thus rotate it around the axis of rotation relative to the housing in the second direction of rotation, the first plates can be inserted or are inserted into the first recesses and in particular remain in the first recesses, whereby the second disk body entrains the first disk body in the second direction of rotation via the first plates and thus drives it, thus rotating it around the axis of rotation in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing.

[0013] In the release state, the first plates are prevented from being inserted into the first recesses, for example, magnetically and / or electrically and / or mechanically, and in this case, for example, by spring force. As a result, the first disk body cannot drive the second disk body in the first direction of rotation via the first plates, nor can the second disk body drive the first disk body in the second direction of rotation via the first plates.

[0014] The second plates are, for example, in particular permanently, subjected to a force such that the second plates can be inserted, in particular permanently, into the second recesses, and thus can be moved into the second recesses. The said force is, for example, a magnetic force and / or a spring force, wherein the spring force acts, for example, in the respective second plate itself, for example by the respective second plate being elastically deformed, in particular within itself. Alternatively or additionally, the spring force is provided by a spring device, in particular provided in addition to the second plate, wherein the spring force acts, for example, in particular from outside, on the respective second plate.

[0015] In order to be able to advantageously support particularly high forces and / or torques, for example by means of both the first platelets and the second platelets, a further embodiment of the invention provides for the first recesses and the second recesses to be arranged at the same height, in particular on the same diameter or radius, when viewed in the radial direction of the drive device. This makes it possible to arrange both the first platelets and the second platelets on a particularly large diameter relative to the axis of rotation, so that particularly high torques can also be supported. In addition, a large number of platelets can be used. For example, it is provided that the first platelets and the second platelets are arranged alternately one after the other in the circumferential direction of the drive device running around the axis of rotation.This provides particularly advantageous support.

[0016] The second plates are, for example, movable, in particular pivotable, held on the fourth disc body and are thereby connected to the fourth disc body in a rotationally fixed manner, for example with respect to the rotation axis. The second plates are second locking bodies of the second freewheel or are also connected as second locking bodies of the second freewheel. In the case of torques that act on the third disc body around the rotation axis in the second direction of rotation and thereby, for example, rotate the third disc body around the rotation axis in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing, the second plates can be inserted or are inserted into the second recesses and remain in particular in the second recesses, whereby the third disc body entrains the fourth disc body in the second direction of rotation via the second plates and thus drives it, thus rotating it around the rotation axis relative to the housing in the second direction of rotation. In the case of torques,which act on the third disc body in the first direction of rotation, in particular in the release state, about the rotational axis and thereby, for example, rotate the third disc body about the rotational axis relative to the housing in the first direction of rotation, and for example in the case of torques which act on the fourth disc body in the second direction of rotation, in particular in the release state of the first freewheel, about the rotational axis and thus rotate the fourth disc body in the second direction of rotation, in particular relative to the housing about the rotational axis, the second plates can be laid out from the second recesses, in particular as a result of or during a relative rotation between the third disc body and the fourth disc body around the rotational axis and in the release state of the first freewheel,so that, in particular, in the release state of the first freewheel, the third disc body is rotatable about the rotational axis in the first direction of rotation relative to the fourth disc body, and so that, in particular, in the release state of the first freewheel, the fourth disc body is rotatable about the rotational axis in the second direction of rotation relative to the third disc body. In particular, when the respective plates of the respective freewheel are inserted into the respective associated recesses of the respective freewheel and thus engage, the respective disc bodies of the respective freewheel interact, in particular in a form-fitting manner, via the respective plates of the respective freewheel, whereby, as described above, one of the respective disc bodies of the respective freewheel can be driven about the rotational axis in the respective direction of rotation relative to the other disc body of the respective freewheel.

[0017] In the release state of the first freewheel, for example, the output shaft can be driven by the gear element via the second freewheel in the second direction of rotation about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e., about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, in particular about the shaft axis of rotation, and can thereby be rotated relative to the housing in the second direction of rotation about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e., about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, which is, for example, the shaft axis of rotation, since when the gear element, in particular by means of the rotor, in the release state of the first freewheel, is driven in the second direction of rotation about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e., about the element axis of rotation belonging to the gear element, which is, for example, the main axis of rotation, and can thereby be rotated about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e., about the element axis of rotation belonging to the gear element, which is, in particular, the main axis of rotation,is rotated in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing, the gear element via the second freewheel entrains the output shaft and thus rotates in the second direction of rotation about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, which is, for example, the shaft rotation axis, relative to the housing, i.e., rotates along with it. As a result, for example, in the release state, the rotor can rotate the output shaft via the gear element and the second freewheel about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, and in particular about the shaft rotation axis, relative to the housing in the second direction of rotation,whereby, for example, the vehicle wheel (drive wheel) that is drivable by the drive device and thus associated with the drive device can be rotated relative to the housing about a wheel rotation axis in a first wheel rotation direction. This allows, for example, in the release state, the vehicle (motor vehicle) to be driven and thus driven in a first direction of movement running in the vehicle's longitudinal direction. The first direction of movement runs, for example, from rear to front in the vehicle's longitudinal direction, so that the vehicle can be driven by the electric motor and thus driven forward, i.e., forward.

[0018] In the release state of the first freewheel, the transmission element is rotatable about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., about the element rotation axis belonging to the transmission element, which is, for example, the main rotation axis, in the first rotational direction relative to the output shaft and preferably also relative to the housing, without driving the output shaft about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, which is, for example, the shaft rotation axis, in the first rotational direction.If, in the release state of the first freewheel, the third gear element were driven, in particular by means of the rotor, about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the gear element, in the first direction of rotation and thereby rotated about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the gear element in the first direction of rotation relative to the housing, the gear element would rotate about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the gear element, in the first direction of rotation relative to the output shaft, without driving the output shaft in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, since in the release state the output shaft cannot be driven in the first direction of rotation by the gear element about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation either via the first freewheel or via the second freewheel.In other words, for example, in the release state, neither the first freewheel nor the second freewheel can transmit torques from the transmission element to the output shaft which are provided or designed to drive the output shaft in the first direction of rotation.

[0019] In the release state of the first freewheel, for example, the output shaft is rotatable about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft in the second direction of rotation relative to the transmission element and preferably also relative to the housing, without driving the transmission element about the element rotation axis (main rotation axis) belonging to the transmission element in the second direction of rotation.If, in the release state of the first freewheel, the output shaft were driven, in particular by means of the vehicle wheel, in the second direction of rotation about the associated element axis of rotation (shaft axis of rotation), i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, and thereby rotated in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, the output shaft would rotate in the second direction of rotation relative to the transmission element about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, without driving the transmission element in the second direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the transmission element, since in the release state the transmission element cannot be driven in the second direction of rotation by the output shaft about the element axis of rotation belonging to the transmission element in the second direction of rotation either via the first freewheel or via the second freewheel.In other words, for example, in the release state, torques generated neither via the first freewheel nor via the second freewheel for driving the transmission element in the second direction of rotation can be transmitted from the output shaft to the transmission element. Thus, for example, if in the release state of the first freewheel the vehicle rolls in the first direction of movement without being driven by the rotor, i.e., without being driven by the electric motor, for example by the vehicle rolling down a slope in the first direction of movement, the vehicle wheel drives the output shaft in the second direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, whereby the output shaft is rotated in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing about the element axis of rotation (shaft axis of rotation) belonging to the output shaft.However, the output shaft does not drive the transmission element in the second direction of rotation around the element rotation axis (main rotation axis) belonging to the third transmission element, so the output shaft does not drag the transmission element and thus the rotor. Thus, for example, in or through the release state of the first freewheel, a neutral state, also designated N, is set, i.e., activated.

[0020] In the release state of the first freewheel, for example, the transmission element can be driven by the output shaft via the second freewheel about the element rotation axis (main rotation axis) belonging to the third transmission element in the first rotation direction and can thus be rotated relative to the housing about the element rotation axis belonging to the third transmission element in the first rotation direction.If, for example, in particular theoretically or hypothetically considered, in the release state of the first freewheel, the output shaft is driven, in particular by means of the vehicle wheel, in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation (shaft axis of rotation) belonging to the output shaft and is thereby rotated in the first direction of rotation relative to the housing about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, then the output shaft takes the transmission element along via the second freewheel, whereby the transmission element is rotated in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third transmission element relative to the housing, i.e. is rotated along with it.This occurs, particularly theoretically or hypothetically, for example when the vehicle (motor vehicle) rolls in a second direction of movement running in the vehicle's longitudinal direction and opposite the first direction of movement, and thus, for example, rolls backward down a slope, in particular without the transmission element being driven by the rotor, i.e., by means of the electric machine. As a result, for example, the vehicle wheel rotates about the wheel rotation axis in a second wheel rotation direction opposite the first wheel rotation direction, in particular relative to the housing, whereby the vehicle wheel drives the output shaft in the first direction of rotation about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft and thereby rotates relative to the housing in the first direction of rotation about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft.The output shaft takes the gear element along via the second freewheel, which is thus rotated about the element rotation axis (main rotation axis) belonging to the third gear element in the first direction of rotation relative to the housing.

[0021] In particular, it is conceivable that in the release state, the output shaft, with respect to the freewheels, can be driven by the third gear element exclusively via the second freewheel about the associated element rotational axis, i.e. about the element rotational axis (shaft rotational axis) belonging to the output shaft, in the second direction of rotation, or that in the release state of the first freewheel, the third gear element, with respect to the freewheels, can be driven by the output shaft exclusively via the second freewheel about the element rotational axis belonging to the third gear element in the first direction of rotation, since, for example, in the release state and preferably also in the blocking state, no torques acting about the element rotational axis belonging to the third gear element in the second direction of rotation,can be transmitted from the third transmission element to the output shaft and since, for example, in the release state and preferably also in the blocking state, no torques acting in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft can be transmitted from the output shaft to the transmission element via the first freewheel.

[0022] In the locked state of the first freewheel, for example, as in the released state, the output shaft can be driven by the third gear element via the second freewheel in the second direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft (shaft axis of rotation) and can therefore be rotated relative to the housing in the second direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, since when the gear element, in particular by means of the rotor, is driven in the second direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element in the release state of the first freewheel (main axis of rotation) and is therefore rotated in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element, the gear element entrains the output shaft via the second freewheel and thus rotates in the second direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft relative to the housing, i.e. rotates along with it.

[0023] In the locked state of the first freewheel, for example, the output shaft can be driven by the third gear element via the first freewheel about the element rotation axis (shaft rotation axis) belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation and is thereby rotatable relative to the housing about the element rotation axis (shaft rotation axis) belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation, since when the gear element, in particular by means of the rotor, is driven in the locked state of the first freewheel about the element rotation axis (main rotation axis) belonging to the third gear element in the first direction of rotation and is thereby rotated about the associated element rotation axis, i.e. about the element rotation axis belonging to the third gear element in the first direction of rotation relative to the housing,The transmission element entrains the output shaft via the first freewheel and thus rotates in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation (shaft axis of rotation) belonging to the output shaft relative to the housing, i.e., it rotates along with the housing. As a result, for example, in the locked state, the rotor can rotate the output shaft in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft relative to the housing via the transmission element and the second freewheel, whereby, for example, the vehicle wheel can be rotated relative to the housing about the wheel axis of rotation in the second wheel direction of rotation. As a result, for example, in the locked state, the vehicle can be driven and thus driven in the second direction of movement, so that, for example, the vehicle can be driven backwards.

[0024] In the locked state of the first freewheel, for example, the transmission element can be driven by the output shaft via the first freewheel in the second direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third transmission element (main axis of rotation) and can thereby be rotated relative to the housing in the second direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third transmission element. If, for example, in the locked state of the first freewheel, the output shaft is driven, in particular by means of the vehicle wheel (drive wheel), about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft in the second direction of rotation and can thereby be rotated about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing, the output shaft entrains the transmission element via the first freewheel, whereby the transmission element is rotated, i.e., co-rotated, in the second direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third transmission element relative to the housing.As a result, for example, the transmission element can drive the rotor and thus the electric machine, which can then be operated in generator mode and thus as a generator. This occurs, for example, when the vehicle rolls in the first direction of movement and thus, for example, forwards, without being driven by the electric machine. As a result, recuperation mode, and therefore recuperation, can be implemented. In recuperation mode, i.e. during recuperation, the electric machine is driven by the vehicle wheel via the rotor, the transmission element, the first freewheel and the output shaft, and thus by means of kinetic energy of the motor vehicle, which is rolling in particular forwards. The kinetic energy of the motor vehicle is converted by the generator into electrical energy, which can be or is provided, for example, by the generator.The electrical energy provided by the generator can be stored, for example, in an electrical energy storage device of the motor vehicle, also referred to as a battery, wherein the electrical energy storage device is preferably a high-voltage component whose electrical voltage, in particular electrical operating or nominal voltage, is preferably greater than 50 volts, in particular greater than 60 volts, and very preferably amounts to several hundred volts.

[0025] In the release state of the first freewheel, for example, as in the release state, the transmission element can be driven by the output shaft via the second freewheel about the element rotational axis (main rotational axis) belonging to the third transmission element in the first direction of rotation and can thereby be rotated relative to the housing about the element rotational axis belonging to the third transmission element in the first direction of rotation. For example, if, in particular theoretically or hypothetically considered, in the release state of the first freewheel, the output shaft, in particular by means of the vehicle wheel, is driven about the element rotational axis belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation and is thereby rotated about the element rotational axis belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation relative to the housing, then the output shaft drives the transmission element via the second freewheel,whereby the gear element is rotated in the first direction of rotation about the element rotation axis belonging to the third gear element relative to the housing, i.e., is rotated along with it. In particular, it is conceivable that in the locked state, as in the released state, the output shaft, with respect to the freewheels, can be driven exclusively via the second freewheel about the associated element rotation axis, i.e., about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, in the second direction of rotation by the third gear element, or that in the released state of the first freewheel, the gear element, with respect to the freewheels, can be driven exclusively via the second freewheel about the element rotation axis belonging to the third gear element in the first direction of rotation by the output shaft, since, for example, in the locked state and preferably also in a released state, no torques,which act in the second direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third transmission element, can be transmitted from the third transmission element to the output shaft and since, for example, in the locked state and preferably also in the released state via the first freewheel, no torques which act in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft can be transmitted from the output shaft to the transmission element.

[0026] Furthermore, it is conceivable that in the locked state, the output shaft, with respect to the freewheels, can be driven by the third gear element exclusively via the first freewheel about the element rotational axis belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation, or that in the locked state of the first freewheel, the gear element, with respect to the freewheels, can be driven by the output shaft exclusively via the first freewheel about the element rotational axis belonging to the third gear element in the second direction of rotation, since, for example, in the locked state and preferably also in the released state, no torques acting about the element rotational axis belonging to the third gear element in the first direction of rotation can be transmitted from the third gear element to the output shaft via the second freewheel and since, for example, in the locked state and preferably also in the released state, no torques,which act in the second direction of rotation around the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, are transferable from the output shaft to the transmission element, and can therefore be transferred.

[0027] It is thus particularly conceivable that in the locked state of the first freewheel, the first disk body and the second disk body are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular both in a first effective direction running around the axis of rotation and in a second effective direction running around the axis of rotation and opposite the first effective direction. The respective effective direction preferably coincides with the respective element axis of rotation. Furthermore, it is thus conceivable that in the locked state, the third disk body and the fourth disk body are rotationally connected to one another, both in the first effective direction and in the second effective direction. In particular, it is provided that in the locked state of the first freewheel, the transmission element is rotationally connected to the output shaft. In particular, a driving state, also designated D, is thus set, i.e. activated, for example in or as a result of the locked state of the first freewheel.Thus, it is conceivable that, for example, the first switching state is the driving state designated D, and, for example, the second switching state is the neutral state designated N.

[0028] In the context of the present disclosure, the feature that two components, such as the drive elements, thus the gear element and the output shaft, are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in the locked state of the first freewheel, is to be understood as meaning that the components connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner are arranged coaxially to one another and, in particular when the components are driven, rotate together or simultaneously about a component rotation axis common to the components, such as the respective element rotation axis, at the same angular velocity, in particular relative to the housing.The feature that two components, such as the first drive element and the third disk body, are connected or coupled to one another in a torque-transmitting manner is to be understood as meaning that the components are coupled or connected to one another in such a way that torques can be transmitted between the components, wherein, if the components are connected or coupled to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, the components are also connected or coupled to one another in a torque-transmitting manner.

[0029] The feature that two components, such as the first drive element and the third disk body, are permanently connected or coupled to one another in a torque-transmitting manner is understood to mean that a switching element is not provided that can be switched between a coupling state that connects or couples the components to one another in a torque-transmitting manner and a decoupling state in which no torque can be transmitted between the components via the switching element. Rather, the components are always and therefore permanently torque-transmitting, i.e., connected or coupled to one another in such a way that torque can be transmitted between the components. Thus, for example, one of the components can be driven by the other component, or vice versa.

[0030] In particular, the feature that two components, such as the transmission element with the output shaft, are permanently connected or coupled to one another in a rotationally stable manner is to be understood as meaning that a switching element is not provided which can be switched between a coupling state which connects or couples the components to one another in a rotationally stable manner and a decoupling state in which the components are decoupled from one another and rotatable relative to one another, so that no torque can be transmitted between the components, but rather the components are always or always, and therefore permanently, connected or coupled to one another in a rotationally stable manner. Furthermore, the feature that two components can be connected or coupled to one another in a rotationally stable manner is to be understood as meaning that the components are assigned a switching element which can be switched between at least one coupling state and at least one decoupling state.In the coupled state, the components are rotationally connected or coupled to one another by means of the associated switching element. In the uncoupled state, the components are decoupled from one another, such that in the uncoupled state the components can be rotated relative to one another about the component rotation axis. The same applies to the feature that two components can be connected or coupled to one another in a torque-transmitting manner. Thus, for example, the feature that two components can be connected or coupled to one another in a torque-transmitting manner is to be understood as meaning that the components are assigned a switching element which can be switched between at least one connected state and at least one released state. In the connected state, the components are coupled or connected to one another in a torque-transmitting manner by means of the switching element, such that torques can be transmitted between the components via the switching element.In the release state, the components are decoupled from each other, so that in the release state no torque can be transmitted between the components via the switching element.

[0031] In one embodiment of the invention, the electric drive device additionally comprises a planetary gear system, via which the drive wheel can be driven by means of the rotor, in particular purely electrically, by means of the electric machine. The planetary gear system has, in particular at least or exactly three gear elements, namely a sun gear, a ring gear, and a planet carrier, which is also referred to as a web. Planet gears of the planetary gear system are rotatably mounted on the planet carrier, wherein the planet gears form a planetary gear set. The respective planet gear meshes, for example, with the sun gear and the ring gear, wherein in particular meshing of the sun gear with the ring gear is omitted and therefore not provided. A first of the gear elements is, in particular permanently, rotationally connected to the rotor. For example, the first gear element is the sun gear.A second of the gear elements is connected, in particular permanently, to a housing of the electric drive device in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the second gear element is preferably the ring gear. The electric drive device also has an output shaft, which is provided in particular in addition to the gear elements and which is rotatable, for example, about a shaft axis of rotation relative to the housing. In particular, it is conceivable for the output shaft to be arranged coaxially to the electric machine and thus coaxially to the rotor, so that the shaft axis of rotation preferably coincides with the machine axis of rotation. In particular, the respective gear element, when it is not connected to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner, is rotatable about a main axis of rotation relative to the housing, wherein the gear elements are preferably arranged coaxially to one another.Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the transmission elements are arranged coaxially with the output shaft and / or coaxially with the electric machine, so that the main axis of rotation preferably coincides with the shaft axis of rotation and / or with the machine axis of rotation. The electric drive device has two drive elements, namely the output shaft and the third transmission element. In other words, the output shaft and the third transmission element are the drive elements of the electric drive device.

[0032] The self-releasing, second freewheel enables spontaneous engagement or activation of driving state D. It is advantageous to orient the second plates of the second, self-releasing freewheel in such a way that the second plates of the self-releasing freewheel lock in traction operation when the motor vehicle is traveling forward, i.e. when the motor vehicle is traveling forwards in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, which enables spontaneous acceleration and spontaneous engagement of driving state D, in particular in comparison to a switching element such as a dog clutch or a switchable freewheel element, which must be actively engaged by means of an actuating device.In order to be able to realize a particularly compact construction, it is provided in an advantageous embodiment of the invention that the second plates are arranged in the fourth disc body and can be inserted into the aforementioned second recesses of the third disc body provided for this purpose in order to secure the third disc body against rotation about the axis of rotation in the second direction of rotation relative to the fourth disc body.

[0033] A further embodiment is characterized in that the second self-releasing freewheel is arranged radially within the first switchable freewheel, thus further inward in the radial direction of the drive device and thus of the electric machine than the first switchable freewheel, thereby enabling a particularly compact design. The radial direction of the drive device of the electric machine runs perpendicular to the machine's axis of rotation. In particular, this allows the switching device to be designed to be very narrow, for example, disc-shaped, particularly in the axial direction and thus along the machine's axis of rotation, thus enabling a particularly space-efficient design.

[0034] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first gear element is a sun gear, the second gear element is a ring gear, and the third gear element is the planet carrier, also referred to as the carrier. This allows for a particularly compact design of the drive device.

[0035] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first disk body and / or the third disk body are connected, in particular permanently and non-rotatably, to the third transmission element and are arranged axially adjacent to the planetary gears, thus to the planetary gear set. This allows the installation space requirement of the drive device to be kept to a particularly low level.In order to be able to switch the first freewheel between the states as required and in a particularly space-saving manner, in a further embodiment of the invention the switching device has an actuator which can be actuated electromagnetically, for example, and a sliding element which has axially directed compression springs, i.e. which run in the axial direction of the electrical drive device and thus of the electrical machine, which compression springs each bear against the first plates of the first freewheel, wherein the compression springs protrude into windows provided for this purpose in the second disk body of the first freewheel.

[0036] A further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the second disk body is mounted radially and in particular rotatably on a rotor shaft of the rotor on the one hand and on the housing on the other, thereby ensuring a particularly compact design. In order to be able to realize a particularly advantageous, in particular extensive, functionality of the electric drive device in a particularly space-saving manner, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the switching device has a switchable third freewheel which can be switched between a third state and a fourth state. The third state is a second locked state in which the output shaft is connected to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the third freewheel. The fourth state is a second released state in which the output shaft can be rotated in at least or exactly one of the directions of rotation relative to the housing.In other words, in the third state (second locked state), the output shaft is connected to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the third freewheel, so that in particular the output shaft can only rotate about the shaft axis of rotation in the first direction of rotation and the second direction of rotation relative to the housing. In the fourth state (second released state), the output shaft can be rotated in particular about its shaft axis of rotation or about the axis of rotation in at least or exactly one of the directions of rotation, in particular in both directions of rotation, relative to the housing. Thus, for example, in or by the second locked state, a parking state, also designated P, is activated, i.e., engaged. In the parking state P, the shaft and thus the vehicle wheel are secured against rotation relative to the housing, thereby creating a parking lock which is engaged, i.e., activated, in the second locked state.When the parking lock is engaged, the motor vehicle is secured against unwanted rolling away, which is particularly advantageous when the motor vehicle is parked on or near a slope. In the second release state, the third freewheel permits relative rotation between the output shaft and the housing, particularly via the shaft rotation axis and preferably in both the first and second directions of rotation, so that the motor vehicle can roll and, in particular, be driven as described above. The invention enables a particularly space-efficient implementation of the parking lock.

[0037] The third freewheel, for example, has third plates, which, for example, in a first angular position relative to one of the directions of rotation, can be inserted into third recesses provided for this purpose in a fifth disc body. Furthermore, the third freewheel, for example, has fourth plates, which, in a second angular position relative to the other direction of rotation, opposite to one direction of rotation, can be inserted into fourth recesses provided for this purpose in the fifth disc body. The plates of the freewheels are or function as locking bodies of the freewheel, by means of which a particularly advantageous, rotationally fixed connection of the drive elements to the housing via the disc bodies can be achieved.In particular, the plates of the third freewheel enable particularly high and, in particular, radially symmetrical torque transmission, in particular by distributing a force or torque across the multiple plates of the third freewheel, particularly compared to a conventional parking lock when the parking lock is engaged with only one tooth contact. As a result, when the parking lock is engaged in the invention, even particularly high parking lock loads can be transmitted or supported, so that the motor vehicle can be secured particularly advantageously against possible rolling away. Furthermore, the invention enables particularly advantageous positioning of the parking lock on an output of the drive device, so that external actuation of the parking lock, and thus of the gearshift, can be achieved in a simple manner.

[0038] The switchable third freewheel is arranged, for example, at least substantially in an axial region of the switchable first freewheel and radially outside the switchable first freewheel. The fifth disk body is, for example, axially attached to the housing next to the ring gear, in particular via a spline, and is connected to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner. The fifth disk body is arranged, for example, at least substantially in an axial region of the first disk body and radially outside the first disk body.

[0039] The sliding element has, for example, axially directed second compression springs, which each bear against the third plate of the third freewheel, wherein the second compression springs protrude into windows provided for this purpose in the second disc body.

[0040] A second aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle, also simply referred to as a vehicle and preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, which has at least one electric drive device according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the motor vehicle preferably has at least or exactly two electric drive devices according to the first aspect of the invention. Advantages and advantageous embodiments of the first aspect of the invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous embodiments of the second aspect of the invention and vice versa. A third aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating an electric drive device according to the first aspect of the invention. Advantages and advantageous embodiments of the first aspect and the second aspect of the invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous embodiments of the third aspect of the invention and vice versa.

[0041] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawings. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description, as well as the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures, can be used not only in the respective specified combinations, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0042] The drawing shows:

[0043] Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an electric drive device for a motor vehicle;

[0044] Fig. 2 shows a partial schematic longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of the electric drive device;

[0045] Fig. 3 shows a partial schematic longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the electric drive device; and

[0046] Fig. 4 shows partial schematic sectional views of an optionally provided freewheel of the electric drive device.

[0047] In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

[0048] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an electric drive device 10 for a motor vehicle, also simply referred to as a vehicle. Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of the drive device 10, and Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the drive device 10. For example, the second embodiment is shown schematically in Fig. 1. The electric drive device 10 has an electric machine 12, which is designed, for example, as an axial flux motor, thus as an axial flux machine (AFM). The electric machine 12 has a stator 14 and a rotor 16, which can be driven by means of the stator 14 and is therefore rotatable about a machine axis of rotation relative to the stator 14. The machine axis of rotation coincides with a main axis of rotation 18, which is also simply referred to as the axis of rotation.In the fully manufactured state of the motor vehicle, for example, the drive device 10 is assigned to at least or exactly one vehicle wheel 20, which is also simply referred to as a wheel and is shown particularly schematically in Fig. 1, which is also referred to as the drive wheel and can be driven by the electric drive device 10, in particular purely electrically. The drive device 10 has a planetary gear 22, via which the vehicle wheel 20, which is also referred to as the drive wheel, can be driven by the electric machine 12, in particular purely electrically. The drive device 10 also has a housing 24, shown particularly schematically in Fig. 1, wherein, for example, the planetary gear 22 is arranged in the housing 24. In particular, it can be seen that the stator 14 is connected to the housing 24 in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular permanently.

[0049] The planetary gear 22 has three gear elements, namely a sun gear 26, a ring gear 28 and a planet carrier 30, also simply referred to as a web. In the embodiments shown in the figures, the sun gear 26 is a first of the gear elements, the ring gear 28 is a second of the gear elements and the planet carrier 30 is the third gear element of the planetary gear 22. The planetary gear 22 also has planet gears, of which one planet gear is shown particularly schematically in Fig. 1 and designated 32. The respective planet gear 32 is rotatably held, in particular mounted, on the planet carrier 30. The drive device 10 also has an output shaft 34 provided in addition to the gear elements, which is rotatable about a shaft rotation axis relative to the housing 24 when the output shaft 34, which is also simply referred to as a shaft, is not rotationally connected to the housing 24.The shaft rotation axis coincides with the main rotation axis 18, so that when the output shaft 34 is not rotationally connected to the housing 24, the output shaft 34 is rotatable about the main rotation axis 18 relative to the housing 24. The vehicle wheel 20 can be driven by the output shaft 34, so that the vehicle wheel 20 can be driven by the planetary gear 22 via the output shaft 34. The planetary gear 22 can be driven by the rotor 16. From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the sun gear 26 (first gear element) is, in particular permanently, rotationally connected to the rotor 16, in particular to a rotor shaft 36 of the rotor 16. The ring gear 28 (second gear element) is, in particular permanently, rotationally connected to the housing 24. The output shaft 34 and the planet carrier 30 (third transmission element) are output elements of the electric drive device 10.

[0050] The drive device 10 also has a switching device 38, which is in particular electromagnetically actuated and which, in the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 1, can be switched between three switching states, namely a first switching state D, a second switching state N, and a third switching state P. The first switching state D is also referred to as the drive state, the second switching state N is also referred to as the neutral state, and the third switching state P is also referred to as the park state, in which a parking lock, in particular a mechanical one, is created. If the parking lock, in particular a mechanical one, is engaged, and thus the switching state P is activated, the vehicle wheel 20 is mechanically secured against rotation relative to the housing 24, so that the motor vehicle is secured against undesired rolling away.

[0051] In the first embodiment of the drive device 10 shown in Fig. 2, the switching device 38 can be switched over with respect to the switching states D, N and P exclusively between the switching state D (driving state) and the switching state N (neutral state), so that in the second embodiment the parking lock is not implemented.

[0052] In the first embodiment, the switching device 38 comprises a switchable first freewheel 40 and a self-releasing and thus passive second freewheel 42. The switchable first freewheel 40 comprises a first disk body 44 with first recesses 46, which is connected, in particular, permanently and non-rotatably to the planetary carrier 30. Furthermore, the freewheel 40 comprises a second disk body 48, which is connected, in particular, permanently and non-rotatably to the output shaft 34. The freewheel 40 also comprises first plates 50 movably, in particular pivotably, held on the second disk body 48. The first freewheel 40 can be switched between a locked state as the first state and a released state, also referred to as the first released state, as the second state, in particular by actively and in particular electromagnetically controlling or actuating the switching device 38.In the locked state, which is also referred to as the first locked state, the first plates 50 can be inserted or are inserted into the corresponding first recesses 46 of the disk body 44, whereby in the locked state the first disk body 44 and thus the planet carrier 30 (third gear element) are secured against rotation about the main axis of rotation 18 in a first direction of rotation relative to the second disk body 48 and thus relative to the output shaft 34, so that in the locked state the second disk body 48 and thus the output shaft 34 can be driven via the first plates 50 by the first disk body 44 and thus by the first disk body 44 and thus by the planet carrier 30 (web) in the first direction of rotation about the main axis of rotation 18 and can thus be rotated in the first direction of rotation about the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the housing 24.The first direction of rotation, running around the main axis of rotation 18 (axis of rotation), is illustrated by an arrow D1, and the second direction of rotation, running around the main axis of rotation 18 (axis of rotation), is illustrated by an arrow D2. It can be seen that the directions of rotation D1 and D2 run around the main axis of rotation 18 and are opposite. When reference is made above and below to the locked state, this refers, unless otherwise stated, to the first locked state of the first freewheel 40. When reference is made above and below to the released state, this refers, unless otherwise stated, to the first released state of the first freewheel 40. The first direction of rotation, running around the main axis of rotation 18, is illustrated by an arrow D1. An arrow D2 illustrates a second direction of rotation, which runs around the main axis of rotation 18 and is opposite to the first direction of rotation.Thus, the directions of rotation run around the main axis of rotation 18, and the directions of rotation are opposite.

[0053] In the released state of the freewheel 40, insertion of the first plates 50 into the corresponding first recesses 46 is prevented, whereby the first disk body 44 and thus the web (planetary carrier 30) can be rotated in the first direction of rotation about the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the second disk body 48 and thus relative to the output shaft 34. The first freewheel 40 can be actively switched from one of the states to the other state and / or from the other state to one state by active and thereby electrical and / or electromagnetic control, i.e., by, for example, electrical, in particular electromagnetic, actuation of the switching device 38. The freewheel 40 can thus be switched between the first state and the second state, i.e., between the first released state and the first locked state, as required.

[0054] The passive, second freewheel 42 has a third disk body 52, which is connected, in particular permanently, in a rotationally fixed manner to the planet carrier 30, and a fourth disk body 54, which is connected, in particular permanently, in a rotationally fixed manner to the output shaft 34. The third disk body 52 has second recesses 56 in this case, wherein the freewheel 42 has second plates 58, which are movably, in particular pivotably, held on the disk body 54. The plates 50 are connected, in particular permanently, in a rotationally fixed manner to the disk body 48 with respect to the main axis of rotation 18, so that relative movements between the respective plates 50 and the disk body 48 about the main axis of rotation 18 are prevented.The plates 58 are connected to the disk body 54 in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to the main axis of rotation 18, in particular permanently, so that relative rotations about the main axis of rotation 18 between the respective second plate 58 and the disk body 54 are avoided and thus prevented.

[0055] The passive, second freewheel 42 automatically secures, i.e. without being actively controlled, the third disk body 52 and thus the planet carrier 30 by means of the second plates 58 against rotation about the main axis of rotation 18 in the second direction of rotation relative to the fourth disk body 54 and thus relative to the output shaft 34, whereby the fourth disk body 54 and thus the output shaft 34 can be driven in the second direction of rotation by the third disk body 52 and thus by the planet carrier 30 via the second plates 58 and can therefore be rotated in the second direction of rotation of the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the housing 24. The passive, second freewheel 42 automatically and thus, without being actively controlled, releases the third disk body 52 and thus the planet carrier 30 for rotation in the first direction of rotation (arrow D1) about the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the fourth disk body 54 and thus relative to the output shaft 34.

[0056] The electric machine 12 is designed to drive the planetary carrier 30 such that the planetary carrier 30 is rotated about the main axis of rotation 18 in the first direction of rotation (arrow D1) relative to the housing 24. This can, for example, cause the motor vehicle to move forward in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle. Furthermore, the electric machine 12 is designed to drive the planetary carrier 30 such that the planetary carrier 30 is rotated about the main axis of rotation 18 in the second direction of rotation (arrow D2) relative to the housing 24. This can, for example, cause the motor vehicle to move backward in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, in particular when and for example only when the switchable first freewheel 40 is in the first locked state.If, for example, the motor vehicle rolls forward, in particular by the motor vehicle rolling forward down a slope while the vehicle wheel 20 is not driven by the electric machine 12, the vehicle wheel 20 drives the output shaft 34 such that the output shaft 34 is rotated about the main axis of rotation 18 in the second direction of rotation (arrow D2) relative to the housing 24. If, for example, in particular viewed theoretically or hypothetically, the motor vehicle were to roll backward, for example by the motor vehicle rolling backward down a slope, the vehicle wheel 20 then drives the output shaft 34 such that the output shaft 34 is rotated about the main axis of rotation 18 in the first direction of rotation (arrow D1) relative to the housing 24.

[0057] The respective disk body 44, 52, 48, 54 is a respective disk or plate, which allows for a particularly compact design. In the first embodiment, the disk bodies 44 and 52 are arranged coaxially to one another, wherein the disk bodies 44 and 52 are connected to one another, in particular permanently and in a rotationally fixed manner. For this purpose, for example, the disk bodies 44 and 52 are formed separately from one another and, in particular permanently and in a rotationally fixed manner, or the disk bodies 44 and 52 are formed integrally with one another, thus formed from a single piece. The disk bodies 48 and 54 are arranged coaxially to one another and, in particular permanently and in a rotationally fixed manner. For this purpose, the disk bodies 48 and 54 are formed separately from one another and, in particular permanently and in a rotationally fixed manner, or the disk bodies 48 and 54 are formed integrally with one another, thus formed from a single piece.It can be seen that the disk bodies 44, 52, 48, and 54 are all arranged coaxially with one another. Furthermore, it can be seen that the freewheel 42 is arranged radially within the freewheel 40, i.e., in the radial direction of the drive mechanism 10, whose axial direction is perpendicular to the radial direction of the drive mechanism 10. The axial direction of the drive mechanism 10 coincides with the main axis of rotation 18, and the radial direction of the drive mechanism 10 is perpendicular to the main axis of rotation 18, with the radial direction of the drive mechanism 10 being illustrated by a double arrow 60. It can be seen that the freewheel 42 is a passive freewheel for traction torques and thus for traction operation in the forward direction of travel, i.e., for the aforementioned forward travel. All plates 58, which are designed, for example, as thrust pieces or function as thrust pieces, are directed in the same direction.The first freewheel 40 is a switchable freewheel which is actively engaged, for example, for reversing and for recuperation, i.e., actively switched to the locked state. All plates 50, which are designed, for example, as pressure pieces or functioning as pressure pieces, are directed in the same direction. The drive device 10 has a sliding element 62, which in this case is designed, for example, as a sliding plate. The sliding element 62 is connected to the disk body 48, in particular permanently, in a rotationally fixed manner, but is displaceable, in particular back and forth, in the axial direction and thus along the main axis of rotation 18, and thus axially relative to the disk body 48. For this purpose, an actuator 64, for example, is provided, by means of which the sliding element 62 can be displaced back and forth axially, i.e., along the main axis of rotation 18, relative to the disk body 48.This means that by means of the actuator 64, the sliding element 62 can be moved relative to the disk body 48 either in a first sliding direction, illustrated by an arrow 69, along the main axis of rotation 18, or in a second sliding direction, opposite to the first sliding direction and illustrated by an arrow 71, along the main axis of rotation 18. By moving the sliding element 62 in the first sliding direction, for example, the first locking state is engaged, i.e., activated, whereby the first release state is disengaged, i.e., deactivated. By moving the sliding element 62 in the second sliding direction, for example, the first release state is activated, i.e., engaged, whereby the first locking state is disengaged, i.e., deactivated. The sliding element 62 carries, for example, magnets, in particular permanent magnets, in particular on or in its inner diameter.

[0058] In addition, for example, the sliding element 62 carries at least one or more compression springs for inserting the plates 50 or the freewheel 40, i.e., to activate the first locking state and in particular to maintain it activated. For example, the actuator 64 and the sliding element 62 are components of the switching device 38. In particular, for example, the actuator 64 is a stator, since it is held immovably on the housing 24, for example, wherein the sliding element 62 is displaceable along the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the disk body 48 and relative to the housing 24 in the first sliding direction and the second sliding direction. In particular, the actuator 64 is an electromagnetic, linear switching element, which in the present case, for example, has at least or exactly two coils 66 and 68.Depending on which of the coils 66 and 68 is energized, i.e. supplied with electrical energy, an additional attractive force or axial movement, in particular displacement, of the sliding element 62 is brought about, whereby the sliding element 62 is switched in order to switch the freewheel 40 from the locked state to the released state and / or from the released state to the locked state. After switching, for example, the sliding element 62 remains magnetically locked in an axial sliding position set by the switching by means of a static magnetic force provided by the respective magnet, despite a force in the form of a spring force that is generated by the compression spring, i.e. is caused and thus provided, and acts in particular in the axial direction on the sliding element 62 and is supported by or via the latter.Alternatively, for a passive locking function without the need for an electrical current, a mechanical locking mechanism can be provided between the sliding element 62 and the second disk body 48, or between the sliding element 85 and the sixth disk body 76, should the static magnetic force not be sufficiently precise or reliable, particularly given the high safety requirements for a parking lock. Thus, for example, disengaging, i.e., deactivating the parking lock (i.e., the parking state P), or activating, i.e., engaging the switching state N, is only possible by actively energizing the actuator 64. Furthermore, no energy is required to switch the sliding element 62, i.e., to keep it in the position set by the circuit (i.e., the sliding position).A supply to the actuator 64 is only necessary to switch the freewheel 40 from one of the states to the other state and / or from the other state to one state. It is particularly well possible to integrate a position sensor into the actuator 64, wherein, for example, the position sensor can be used to detect the respective position, in particular the sliding position, of the sliding element 62 that can be brought about or is brought about by the respective switching. In Fig. 2, 70 designates the aforementioned compression spring, by means of which the second plates 50 can be actuated in order to thereby activate the first locking state. The compression spring 70 has a sufficient length, running in particular in the axial direction of the drive device 10, and a sufficient spring deflection, for example, to engage the switching state D as well as, for example, the switching state P, i.e., to activate them.In the switching state D and in particular also in the switching state P, the plates 50 remain pressed; a rotationally fixed connection resulting therefrom, for example, between the output shaft 34 and the electric machine 12 or the planet carrier 30 is not disadvantageous.

[0059] For example, the output shaft 34 is designed as a propeller shaft. For example, the output shaft 34 is also referred to as a side shaft.

[0060] In the second embodiment of the electric drive device 10 shown in Fig. 3, the switching device 38 can be switched both into the switching states D and N as in the first embodiment and into the switching state P. For this purpose, the switching device 38 has a switchable, third freewheel 72, which can be switched between a second locked state as the third state and a second released state as the fourth state, in particular by actively and, for example, electrically and / or electromagnetically controlling or actuating the switching device 38, in particular the actuator 64. The freewheel 42 has a fifth disk body 74, which is connected, in particular permanently, in a rotationally fixed manner to the housing 24 and is designed here as a parking lock gear. Furthermore, the freewheel 72 has a sixth disk body 76, which is connected, in particular permanently, in a rotationally fixed manner to the output shaft 34.The disk bodies 74 and 76 are arranged coaxially with one another. The disk body 74 is arranged coaxially with the disk bodies 44, 52, 48 and 54, and the disk body 76 is arranged coaxially with the disk bodies 44, 52, 48 and 54. Thus, the disk bodies 44, 52, 48, 54, 74 and 76 are all arranged coaxially with one another. In particular, the disk bodies 48, 54 and 76 are connected to one another, in particular permanently, in a rotationally fixed manner. For example, the disk bodies 76, 48 and 54 are formed integrally with one another, thus from a single piece. In conjunction with Fig. 4, it can be seen that the freewheel 72 has third plates 78 as third locking bodies and fourth plates 80 as fourth locking bodies. The plates 78 and 80 are held movably, in particular pivotably, on one of the disc bodies 74 and 76, in this case on the disc body 76.The other disk body, in this case the disk body 74, has third recesses 82 corresponding to the plates 78 and fourth recesses 84 corresponding to the plates 80. The second locking state is designated S2 in Fig. 4, and the second release state is designated F2 in Fig. 4.

[0061] A second sliding element 85 is assigned to the freewheel 72, which, for example, can be moved along the main rotational axis 18 with the sliding element 62 and thus axially relative to the housing 24 and relative to the disk bodies 76 and 48. Reference numeral 87 denotes a compression spring for the axial actuation of the plates 78 and 80, in particular, whereby the second locking state S2 is engaged, i.e. activated, by the axial actuation of the plates 78 and 80. Should the respective plate 78, 80 not be ideally positioned relative to its corresponding recess 82, 84 during its axial actuation, in particular, the compression spring 87 can remain preloaded until the disk bodies 74 and 76 reach a rotational position relative to one another such that the respective plate 78, 80 advantageously overlaps or covers the respective corresponding recess 82, 84. Especially under load, plates 78 and 80 remain inserted.Only with the compression spring 87 extended or only with the sliding element 85, which is designed in particular as a pressure plate, extended and free of load are the plates 78 and 80 designed either via their own spring elements or via a geometry such as, for example, a bevel of an opposite.

[0062] From Figs. 3 and 4, it can be seen that in the second locking state S2, the output shaft 34 is rotationally fixed to the housing 24 by means of the freewheel 72, so that relative rotations about the main rotational axis 18 between the output shaft 34 and the housing 24, both in the first direction of rotation and in the second direction of rotation, are prevented. As a result, the vehicle wheel 20 can be secured against rotation relative to the housing 24, so that the motor vehicle can be secured against undesired rolling away.

[0063] It can be seen that in the locked state S2, the plates 78 can be inserted or are inserted into the recesses 82 and the plates 80 into the recesses 84, whereby in the second locked state S2, the output shaft 34 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the housing 24. In the second release state F2, insertion of the plates 80 into the corresponding recesses 84 is prevented, and the plates 78 can be inserted or are inserted into the recesses 82, whereby the freewheel 72 releases rotation of the output shaft 34 about the main axis of rotation 18 in one of the directions of rotation relative to the housing 24 and secures the output shaft 34 against rotation about the main axis of rotation 18 in the other direction of rotation relative to the housing 24.The one direction of rotation in which the output shaft 34 can rotate about the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the housing 24 in the release state F2 is illustrated by an arrow 86, and the other direction of rotation in which the output shaft 34 cannot rotate about the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the housing 24 because this is prevented by the freewheel 72 in the release state F2, is illustrated by an arrow 88.

[0064] A safety concept of the drive device 10 is explained below: Redundant actuation of the parking lock can be a second power source on the actuator 64, so that, for example, two connectors are required via which the actuator 64 can be supplied with electrical energy, i.e., electrical current. This would be a solution for a single drive with a differential. In dual systems, i.e., an axle drive with two wheel-selective electric motors, redundancy is automatically created by doubling the independent parking locks on the right and left sides. For this purpose, for example, the respective side, i.e., the respective parking lock arranged on the respective side, is designed for a maximum transferable parking lock load. In a first case, for example, the vehicle is on or near a hill, the switching state P is activated, and the driver wants to drive forward, for example.Thus, for example, the freewheel 72 is initially in the second locked state S2. Here, for example, the plates 78 are inserted so that the plates 78 engage in the corresponding recesses 82 and are thus inserted, thereby preventing rolling back or backward, and thus rolling of the motor vehicle backwards in the vehicle's longitudinal direction. Although the plates 80 are inserted into the corresponding recesses 84, in particular via the compression spring 87, they do not carry any torque, since a downhill force acts on the vehicle not forwards in the vehicle's longitudinal direction, but backwards in the vehicle's longitudinal direction. In order to switch from the switching state P to the switching state D, as shown in Fig.4, the plates 80 are retracted, for example via their own spring elements, so that insertion of the plates 80 into the recesses 84 is prevented, while the plates 78, however, remain inserted into the recesses 82 under load despite the setting of the release state F2 and despite the corresponding displacement of the sliding element 68, which is designed in particular as a sliding plate. Then, with a corresponding drive torque desired by the driver of the motor vehicle, the electric machine 12 can drive the planetary carrier 30 and, via this, the output shaft 34 in order to cause the motor vehicle to travel forward, thus to drive the motor vehicle forward and thus to move forward, since the disk body 74 can rotate in the direction of rotation illustrated by the arrow 86 relative to the disk body 76.In this case, the disk body 74 can move the plates 78 out of the recesses 82 because the disk body 74 engages the plates 78. However, by means of the plates 78, rotation of the disk body 74 relative to the disk body 76 in the direction of rotation illustrated by the arrow 88 is prevented, for example, in particular until such a release state of the freewheel 72 is set by preventing the plates 78 from being inserted or engaged in the corresponding recesses 82.

[0065] In a second case, the vehicle is on or in a downhill slope, so that a downhill force acts on the vehicle in the vehicle's longitudinal direction, and the switching state P is activated and the driver of the motor vehicle wishes to reverse. The process then proceeds analogously to the first case. In a third case, the motor vehicle is on or in an uphill slope or on a level surface and the driver wishes to reverse. Initially, the switching state P is engaged, and the plates 78 are inserted into the corresponding recesses 82 and carry a torque to prevent the motor vehicle from rolling backwards. The plates 80 are inserted via the compression spring 87 and thus engage in the recesses 84, but do not carry any torque about the main axis of rotation 18, i.e. they do not support any torque about the main axis of rotation 18.Here, unlike in the first case, when changing from switching state P to a reverse driving state R to effect reverse travel of the motor vehicle, the electric machine 12 is first driven forward with the parking lock engaged, i.e. with switching state P activated, i.e. in such a way as to effect forward travel, in particular until the plates 78 are relieved of load and the plates 80 are loaded instead. While the electric machine 12 and, for example, a drive train remain preloaded in a direction to effect forward travel, the sliding element 62 is displaced axially by means of the actuator 64 in such a way as to switch from switching state P to switching state D, whereby the plates 78 are retracted, i.e., disengaged, thus preventing, for example, engagement of the plates 78 in the corresponding recess 82.As long as the driver of the motor vehicle does not release the service brake of the motor vehicle and does not indicate a drive torque request, thus not accelerating, the motor vehicle can be held by a parking brake. Then, for example, a torque provided by the electric motor 12 is removed, thus ending, and the motor vehicle can and / or may now roll backward, thus rolling backward in the vehicle's longitudinal direction. The plates 80 are retracted, in particular automatically, in particular by rotating the disk body 74 in the direction of rotation illustrated by arrow 88 relative to the disk body 76, thus sliding on the plate 80 and thereby moving it out of the corresponding recesses 84.

[0066] In a fourth case, the motor vehicle is on or in a downhill slope, so that a downhill force acts on the vehicle forward in the vehicle's longitudinal direction, or the motor vehicle is on or in a level surface and the gearshift position P is engaged, and the driver wishes to drive forward, thus forward in the vehicle's longitudinal direction. In this case, the same action as in the third case occurs.

[0067] 10 electric drive device

[0068] 12 electric machine

[0069] 14 Stator

[0070] 16 Rotor

[0071] 18 Main axis of rotation

[0072] 20 vehicle wheel

[0073] 22 Switching device

[0074] 24 housings

[0075] 26 Sun gear

[0076] 28 ring gear

[0077] 30 planet carriers

[0078] 32 Planetary gear

[0079] 34 Output shaft

[0080] 36 Rotor shaft

[0081] 38 Switching device

[0082] 40 switchable first freewheel

[0083] 42 self-releasing second freewheel

[0084] 44 first disc body

[0085] 46 first recess

[0086] 48 second disc body

[0087] 50 first tiles

[0088] 52 third disc body

[0089] 54 fourth disc body

[0090] 56 second recess

[0091] 58 second tiles

[0092] 60 double arrow

[0093] 62 sliding element

[0094] 64 Actuator

[0095] 66 coil

[0096] 68 coil

[0097] 69 Arrow

[0098] 70 compression spring

[0099] 71 Arrow

[0100] 72 switchable third freewheel

[0101] 74 fifth disc body 76 sixth disc body

[0102] 78 tiles

[0103] 80 tiles

[0104] 82 recess

[0105] 84 recess

[0106] 85 sliding element

[0107] 86 Arrow

[0108] 87 compression spring

[0109] 88 Arrow

[0110] D Switching state

[0111] D1 Arrow

[0112] D2 Arrow

[0113] N Switching state

[0114] P switching state

[0115] F2 release state

[0116] S2 second blocking state

Claims

Patent claims 1. Electric drive device (10) for a motor vehicle, comprising: - an electrical machine (12) having a rotor (16) and a stator (14); - an output shaft (34); - two drive elements, namely the output shaft (34) and a gear element; - a switching device (38); characterized in that the switching device comprises: - a switchable first freewheel (40), which has a first disk body (44) with first recesses (46) coupled to one of the drive elements in a torque-transmitting manner, a second disk body (48) coupled to the other drive element in a torque-transmitting manner, and a first plate (50) movably held on the second disk body (48), and which can be switched between a locked state as the first state and a released state as the second state, wherein: o in the locked state, the first plates (50) can be or are inserted into the first recesses (46), whereby in the locked state, the first disk body (44) is secured against rotation about a rotational axis (18) in a first direction of rotation (D1) relative to the second disk body (48),so that in the locking state, the second disc body (48) can be driven by the first disc body (44) in the first direction of rotation (D1) via the first plates (50) and is thereby rotatable in the first direction of rotation (D1) about the axis of rotation (18) relative to the housing (24); o in the release state, insertion of the first plates (50) into the first recesses (46) is prevented, whereby the first disc body (44) in, the first direction of rotation (D1) is rotatable about the rotation axis (18) relative to the second disc body (48); and o the first freewheel (40) can be actively switched from at least one of the states to the other state by controlling the switching device (38); - a self-releasing second freewheel (42), which: o has a third disk body (52) coupled to a first of the drive elements in a torque-transmitting manner, and a fourth disk body (54) coupled to a second of the drive elements in a torque-transmitting manner; o automatically secures the third disk body (52) against rotation about the axis of rotation (18) in a second direction of rotation (D2) opposite to the first direction of rotation (D1) relative to the fourth disk body (54) by means of second plates (58), whereby the fourth disk body (54) can be driven by the third disk body (52) in the second direction of rotation (D2) via the second plates (58) and can therefore be rotated in the second direction of rotation (D2) about the axis of rotation (18) relative to the housing (24);and o automatically releases the third disc body (52) for rotation in the first direction of rotation (D1) about the axis of rotation (18) relative to the fourth disc body (54); 2. Electric drive device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second plates (58) are arranged in the fourth disc body (54) and can be inserted into second recesses (56) provided for this purpose in the third disc body (52) in order to secure the third disc body (52) against rotation about the axis of rotation (18) in the first direction of rotation (D1) relative to the fourth disc body (54).

3. Electric drive device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second freewheel (42) is arranged radially inside the first freewheel (40).

4. Electric drive device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a planetary gear (22) is provided which has three gear elements, namely a sun gear (26), a ring gear (28) and a planet carrier (30) on which planet gears (32) are rotatably mounted, wherein a first of the gear elements is rotationally connected to the rotor (16); and a second of the gear elements is rotationally connected to a housing (24) of the electric drive device (10).

5. Electric drive device (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that the first gear element is the sun gear (26), the second gear element is the ring gear (28) and the third gear element is the planet carrier (30).

6. Electric drive device (10) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the first disk body (44) and / or the third disk body (52) is / are rotationally connected to the third gear element and is / are arranged axially adjacent to the planetary gears (32).

7. Electric drive device (10) according to claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the second disk body (48) and / or the fourth disk body (54) are rotationally connected to the output shaft (34) or are designed in one piece with the output shaft (34).

8. Electric drive device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device (38) has an actuator (64) and a sliding element (62) with axially directed first compression springs (70) which, at least in the locked state, each bear against the first plate (50) of the first freewheel (40), wherein the first compression springs (70) protrude into windows provided for this purpose in the second disk body (48) of the first freewheel (40).

9. Electric drive device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second disc body (48) is radially mounted on a rotor shaft (36) of the rotor (16) on the one hand and on the housing (24) on the other hand.

10. Electric drive device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device (38) has a switchable third freewheel (72) which can be switched between: - a third state as a second locking state (S2), in which the output shaft (34) is connected to the housing (24) in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the third freewheel (72); and - a fourth state as a second release state (F2), in which the output shaft is rotatable in at least or exactly one of the directions of rotation relative to the housing.

Images